我的人生追求 What I Have Lived For
罗素自传导言译文对比分析
罗素自传导言译文对比分析一、原文内容背景介绍What I Lived For是由罗素写的自传。
这是他的一篇咏志散文，若干年来为人们所传诵。
在这短短的几百个个单词中，除却精美准确的用词、飘逸优美的文风和悲天悯人的人文情怀，还有内部环环相扣的紧密逻辑，为人们所叹服。
这是作者在抒发自己的心灵，也是在总结自己生命的体验。
前言部分很好地总结了作者一生的精神生活：“三种激情，简单而又无比强烈的激情——支配了我一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的追求，以及对人类的苦难不堪忍受的怜悯之情。
”原文是一篇关于人生这样一篇严肃话题咏志散文，为语域中的正式语体。
文章命题清楚，说理透彻，逻辑性强，段落严谨，用词讲究，风格凝重而又不乏诙谐。
充满激情和生动的文字使文章在极具说服力的同时又具有文采。
该自传的译文林林总总，不下数十种，但各有千秋。
经过认真阅读三种不同的译本，并和原文进行对比比较。
二、三种译本的对比分析第一种译本《我一生的追求》（杜争鸣译）；第二种译本《我为什么生活》（泰云译）；第三种译本《我为什么而活着》（胡作玄译）。
首先从题目来看，纵观以上三种译本，基本差不多是属于直译过来的，但是我觉得第一种译文的题目《我一生的追求》（杜争鸣译）更得体，更能符合原文所表达的意境。
第一段第一句的翻译“Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life”，三种译本采取了不同的处理方法，杜译本采取了不改变原文的自然顺序，并同时保留了原文的自然停顿节奏。
而其他两种都是改变了原文的自然顺序，泰译本采取了“合”的思想，直接把三个小短句合为一句话，译成三种单纯而极其强烈的激情支配着我的一生；胡作玄译成对爱情的渴望，对知识的追求，对人类苦难不可遏制的同情心，这三种纯洁但无比强烈的激情支配着我一生。
所以，在第一句的处理上第一种（杜争鸣译）翻译的好，既简明扼要又准确，实际上，这种通过保留语序来保留原文紧凑的方式，译文会更自然、通顺，还能达到高效的目的。
What I Have Lived For 中英译文
What I Have Lived ForThree passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy---ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of my life for a few hours for this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness---that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what---at last---I have found.With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.译文：我为何而生我的一生被三种简单却又无比强烈的激情所控制：对爱的渴望，对知识的探索和对人类苦难难以抑制的同情。
(完整版)罗素的《WhatIHaveLivedFor》
罗素的《What I Have Lived For》我为何而生——伯兰特·罗素Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.三种单纯然而极其强烈的激情支配着我的一生。
那就是对于爱情的渴望，对于知识的追求，以及对于人类苦难痛彻肺腑的怜悯。
这些激情犹如狂风，把我伸展到绝望边缘的深深的苦海上东抛西掷，使我的生活没有定向I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy - ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness--that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what--at last--I have found.我追求爱情，首先因为它叫我消魂。
罗素《我为什么而活着》教案
我为什么而活着？[英]伯特仑·罗素三种单纯然而极其强烈的激情支配着我的一生。
那就是对于爱情的渴望，对于知识的追求，以及对于人类苦难痛彻肺腑的怜悯。
这些激情犹如狂风，把我伸展到绝望边缘的深深的苦海上东抛西掷，使我的生活没有定向。
我追求爱情，首先因为它叫我消魂。
爱情使人消魂的魅力使我常常乐意为了几小时这样的快乐而牺牲生活中的其他一切。
我追求爱情，又因为它减轻孤独感－－那种一个颤抖的灵魂望着世界边缘之外冰冷而无生命的无底深渊时所感到的可怕的孤独。
我追求爱情，还因为爱的结合使我在一种神秘的缩影中提前看到了圣者和诗人曾经想像过的天堂。
这就是我所追求的，尽管人的生活似乎还不配享有它，但它毕竟是我终于找到的东西。
我以同样的热情追求知识，我想理解人类的心灵，我想了解星辰为何灿烂，我还试图弄懂毕达哥拉斯学说的力量，是这种力量使我在无常之上高踞主宰地位。
我在这方面略有成就，但不多。
爱情和知识只要存在，总是向上导往天堂。
但是，怜悯又总是把我带回人间。
痛苦的呼喊在我心中反响回荡，孩子们受饥荒煎熬，无辜者被压迫者折磨，孤弱无助的老人在自己的儿子眼中变成可恶的累赘，以及世上触目皆是的孤独、贫困和痈苦－－这些都是对人类应该过的生活的嘲弄。
我渴望能减少罪恶，可我做不到，于是我感到痛苦。
这就是我的一生。
我觉得这一生是值得活的，如果真有可能再给我一次机会，我将欣然再重活—次。
What I have lived for?Bertrand RussellThree passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pit y for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean o f anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy - ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of thi s joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness--that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, th e prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human li fe, this is what--at last--I have found.With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved. Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer. This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.教学目标：1、知识与能力理解文章的主旨以及作者的感情。
罗素我为什么而活中英文
罗素我为什么而活中英文罗素我为什么而活中英文来源：任炜的日志有三种简单然而无比强烈的激情左右了我的一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的探索和对人类苦难的难以忍受的怜悯。
这些激情象飓风，无处不在、反复无常地吹拂着我，吹过深重的苦海，濒于绝境。
我寻找爱，首先是因为它使人心醉神迷，这种陶醉是如此的美妙，使我愿意牺牲所有的余生去换取几个小时这样的欣喜。
我寻找爱，还因为它解除孤独，在可怕的孤独中，一颗颤抖的灵魂从世界的边缘看到冰冷、无底、死寂的深渊。
最后，我寻找爱，还因为在爱的交融中，神秘而又具体而微地，我看到了圣贤和诗人们想象出的天堂的前景。
这就是我所寻找的，而且，虽然对人生来说似乎过于美妙，这也是我终于找到了的。
以同样的激情我探索知识。
我希望能够理解人类的心灵。
我希望能够知道群星为何闪烁。
我试图领悟毕达哥拉斯所景仰的数字力量，它支配着此消彼涨。
仅在不大的一定程度上，我达到了此目的。
爱和知识，只要有可能，通向着天堂。
但是怜悯总把我带回尘世。
痛苦呼喊的回声回荡在我的内心。
忍饥挨饿的孩子，惨遭压迫者摧残的受害者，被儿女们视为可憎的负担的无助的老人，连同这整个充满了孤独、贫穷和痛苦的世界，使人类所应有的生活成为了笑柄。
我渴望能够减少邪恶，但是我无能为力，而且我自己也在忍受折磨。
这就是我的一生。
我发现它值得一过。
如果再给我一次机会，我会很高兴地再活它一次。
What I have Lived For ------Bertrand Russell Three passions,simple but overwhelmingly strong,have governed my life:the longing for love,the search for knowledge,and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind.These passions,like great winds,have blown me hither and thither,in a wayward course,over a deep ocean of anguish,reaching to the very verge of despair. I have sought love,first,because it brings ecstasy--ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy.I have sought it,next,because it relieves loneliness--that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss.I have sought it,finally,because in the union of love I have seen,in a mystic miniature,the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined.This is what I sought,and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what--at last--I have found. With equal passion I have sought knowledge.I have wished to understand the hearts of men.I have wished to know why the stars shine.And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux.A little of this,but not much,I have achieved. Love and knowledge,so far as they were possible,led upward toward the heavens.But always pity brought me back to earth.Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart.Children in famine,victims tortured by oppressors,helpless old people a hated burden to their sons,and the whole world of loneliness,poverty,and pain make a mockery of what human life should be.I long to alleviate the evil, but I can’t ,and I too suffer. This has been my life.I have found it worth living,and would gladly live itagain if the chance were offered me.。
《我为什么而活着》---罗素(中英文版)
《我为什么而活着》---罗素（中英文版）对爱情的渴望，对知识的追求，对人类苦难不可遏制的同情心，这三种纯洁而无比强烈的激情支配着我的一生。
这三种激情，就像飓风一样，在深深的苦海上，肆意地把我吹来吹去，吹到濒临绝望的边缘。
我寻求爱情，首先因为爱情给我带来狂喜，它如此强烈以致我经常愿意为了几小时的欢愉而牺牲生命中的其他一切。
我寻求爱情，其次是因为爱情可以解除孤寂一—那是一颗震颤的心，在世界的边缘，俯瞰那冰冷死寂、深不可测的深渊。
我寻求爱情，最后是因为在爱情的结合中，我看到圣徒和诗人们所想像的天堂景象的神秘缩影。
这就是我所寻求的，虽然它对人生似乎过于美好，然而最终我还是得到了它。
我以同样的热情寻求知识，我渴望了解人的心灵。
我渴望知道星星为什么闪闪发光，我试图理解毕达哥拉斯的思想威力，即数字支配着万物流转。
这方面我获得一些成就，然而并不多。
爱情和知识，尽其可能地把我引上天堂，但是同情心总把我带回尘世。
痛苦的呼唤经常在我心中回荡，饥饿的儿童，被压迫被折磨者，被儿女视为负担的无助的老人以及充满孤寂、贫穷和痛苦的整个世界，都是对人类应有生活的嘲讽。
我渴望减轻这些不幸，但是我无能为力，而且我自己也深受其害。
这就是我的一生，我觉得值得为它活着。
如果有机会的话，我还乐意再活一次。
What I Have Lived Forby Bertrand RussellThree passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy - ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness--that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what--at last--I have found.With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little ofthis, but not much, I have achieved.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.。
罗素的《What I Have Lived For》
罗素的《What I Have Lived For》之阳早格格创做尔为何而死——伯兰特·罗素Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.三种简单然而极其热烈的激情收配着尔的一死.那便是对付于恋爱的渴视，对付于知识的探供，以及对付于人类灾易痛彻肺腑的怜悯.那些激情犹如狂风，把尔伸展到绝视边沿的深深的苦海上东扔西掷，使尔的死计不定背I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy - ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness--that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and thoughit might seem too good for human life, this is what--at last--I have found.尔探供恋爱，最先果为它喊尔消魂.恋爱使人消魂的魅力使尔时常乐意为了几小时那样的快乐而死死计中的其余十足.尔探供恋爱，又果为它减少孤独感－－那种一个哆嗦的灵魂视着天下边沿除中酷寒而无死命的无底深渊时所感触的可骇的孤独. 尔探供恋爱，还果为爱的分离使尔正在一种神秘的缩影中提前瞅到了圣者战诗人曾念像过的天堂.那便是尔所探供的，纵然人的死计好像还不配享有它，然而它到底是尔毕竟找到的物品.With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.尔以共样的关切探供知识，尔念明白人类的心灵，尔念相识星辰为何暴虐，尔还试图弄懂毕达哥推斯教道的力量，是那种力量使尔正在无常之上下踞主宰职位.尔正在那圆里略有成便，然而已几.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in myheart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.恋爱战知识只消存留，经常进取导往天堂.然而是，怜悯又经常把尔戴回人间.痛苦的呼唤正在尔心中回声回荡，孩子们受饿荒煎熬，无辜者被压迫者合磨，孤强无帮的老人正在自己的女子眼中形成可恶的乏赘，以及世上触目皆是的孤独、贫困战痈苦－－那些皆是对付人类该当过的死计的嘲弄.尔渴视能缩小功恶，可尔干不到，于是尔感触痛苦This s been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me那便是尔的一死.尔感触那一死是值得活的，如果实有大概再给尔一次机会，尔将欣然再沉活—次.Pythagorean power毕达哥推斯“万物皆数”他局里的形貌了培养的本性：“您能通过教习从他人何处赢得知识，然而熏陶您的人却不会果此得来了知识.那便是培养的本性.天下上有许多好佳的物品.佳的天赋不妨从遗传中赢得，如健壮的身体，娇佳的容颜，怯武的本性；有的物品很贵沉，然而已经赋予他人便不再归您所有，如财产，如权力.而比那十足皆贵沉的是知识，只消您全力教习，您便能得到而又不会益伤他人，并大概改变您的天性.”。
现代散文 英译汉What I Have Lived For
现代散文英译汉What I Have Lived ForI 译文提示--原文来源：本单元选自Bertrand Russell: What I Have Lived For,见陈新主编，1999，《英汉文体翻译教程》，北京：北京大学出版社。
--译文来源：译文1来自《我为什么生活》，泰云译，见伍国文等编，1992，《世界文学随笔精品大展》，上海：上海文化出版社。
译文2来自《三种激情》，陈炼佳译，见陈才宇编，1998，《英国散文小书屋》，上海：上海世界图书出版公司。
译文3来自《我生活的目的》，见陈新主编，1999，《英汉文体翻译教程》，北京：北京大学出版社。
--语体特征与翻译策略1〉篇章本单元是一篇关于人生这样一个严肃话题的议论文--散文的一种，为语域中的正式语体。
文章命题清楚，说理透彻，逻辑性强，段落严谨，用词讲究，风格凝重而又不乏诙谐。
充满激情和生动的文字使文章在极具说服力的同时又具有文采。
2〉句式句式严谨，句际关系清楚，如第二自然段中的first,next,finally,because等词语都是表示句际关系的标志性词语。
虽然长句、或含有复句或并列句的长句占大多数，简单短句或口语化的句子也只有几个，但是句式的长短交替在篇章中运用得非常灵活，如同位语与中心语长距离的分隔，宾语前置于主语，主句的主谓之间穿插一个从句，破折号的灵活使用等--这一切形成了明显的篇章语言风格。
3〉语义共核语（正式语体（书卷语）、一般语体（共核）、非正式语体（口语体）在词汇层次、短语层次、句型层次和篇章层次都有区别）仍然为主，但是这些常见的共核语在表意上既简练又准确，如passion一词，就无法用feeling或emotion来替代。
另外正式语体的词也是显而易见的：govern比control正式；hither and thither 为古旧用法，但是用在这里比in all directions显得正式；verge比edge更具有文学色彩，即比喻性用法(metaphorical use)。
罗素：我为什么活着
《我为什么活着》——罗素What I Have Lived ForBertrand Russell我为什么活着三股简单而非凡强烈的激情一直控制着我的一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的追求和对人类苦难不堪忍受的怜悯。
这三股激情，象阵阵巨风，把我在痛苦的海洋的路途中吹得任意东西，变动无常，直吹到了绝望的边缘。
我寻求爱，首先是因为它带来了欣喜若狂之情——欣喜若狂使人如此心醉神迷，我常常愿意牺牲我的全部余生来换取几小时这样的欢乐。
我寻求爱，其次是因为它能解除寂寞——那种可怕的寂寞，如同一个人毛发悚然地从这世界的边缘探望令人战栗的死气沉沉的无底深渊。
我寻求爱，最后是因为在爱的结合中我看到了圣徒们和诗人们所想象的预言中的天堂景象的神秘雏型。
这就是我所寻求的东西，虽然它也许似乎是人生所难以得到的美好事物，但这就是——最后——我终于找到的东西。
我怀着同样的激情寻求知识。
我希望理解人们的心。
我希望知道星星为什么发光。
我力图领悟毕达哥拉斯的才能，他的才能使数字支配着不断变动的事物。
在这方面，我只达到了一小部分，并不很多。
爱和知识，尽其可能，远远地把人引向九天之上。
倡怜悯总是把我带回到地面上来。
痛苦的呼号的回声在我心里回荡。
受饥挨饿的儿童，在压迫者折磨下受苦受难的人们，无依无靠而成为自己子女嫌恶的负担的老人，以及整个孤苦寂寞的世界，穷困与痛苦都在嘲弄着人生，使人们不能过应有的美好生活。
我渴望减轻灾难祸害，但是我力不从心，我自己也在受苦。
这就是我的一生。
我觉得我的一生过得很值得。
如果我还有机会的话，我将乐意再度过这样的一生。
人是能思想的苇草[法]帕斯卡尔思想形成人的伟大。
人只不过是一根苇草，是自然界最脆弱的东西；但他是一根能思想的苇草。
用不着整个宇宙都拿起武器来才能毁灭；一口气、一滴水就足以致他死命了。
然而，纵使宇宙毁灭了他，人却仍然要比致他于死命的东西高贵得多；因为他知道自己要死亡，以及宇宙对他所具有的优势，而宇宙对此却是一无所知。
翻译作业点评 what I have lived for
恋爱与知识，尽其可能，引领着我通往天堂；然而恻隐总是把我带回现实。那些痛苦的召唤在我心田深处回响。饥饿中的孩子，被榨取和折磨的人们，给子女造成重担的无助老人，以及孤苦、贫穷和痛苦的整个天下，都是对人类理想生涯的讽刺。我盼望能淘汰这些不幸，但无能为力，这也是我的痛苦。
这就是我的一生，我发现人是值得活的。如果有谁再给我一次生活的机会，我将欣然接受这难得的赐予。
有三种情感单纯而强烈支配着我的一生对恋爱的盼望对知识的追求以及对人类磨难不行停止的同情。这些情感如阵阵巨风挟卷着我在漂浮不定的路途中东飘西荡飞越苦闷的汪洋大海直抵绝望的边缘。
我之以是追寻恋爱首先恋爱使人心醉神迷云云美妙的感受以致使我时常为了体验几小时爱的喜悦而宁愿献出生掷中其它一切；其次恋爱可以排除孤苦身历那种恐怖孤寂的人的战栗意识会穿过天下的边缘直望入酷寒死寂的无底深渊；最后置身于爱的联合我在一个神秘缩影中看到了圣贤与诗人们所预想的天堂。这正是我所追寻的只管它对于人类的生涯或许太过优美却是我的最终发现。
对爱情的渴望，对知识的追求，对人类苦难不可遏制的同情，是支配我一生的单纯而强烈的三种感情。这些感情如阵阵巨风，吹拂在我动荡不定的生涯中，有时甚至吹过深-沉痛苦的海洋，直抵绝望的边缘。
我所以追求爱情，有三方面的原因。首先，爱情有时给我带来狂喜，这种狂喜竟如此有力，以致使我常常会为了体验几小时爱的喜悦，而宁愿牺牲生命中其他一切。其次，爱情可以摆脱孤寂——身历那种可怕孤寂的人的战栗意识，有时会由世界的边缘，观察到冷酷无生命的无底深渊。最后，在爱的结合中，我看到了古今圣贤以及诗人们所梦-想的天堂的缩影，这正是我所追寻的人生境界。虽然它对一般的人类生活也许太美好了，但这正是我透过爱情所得到场最终发现。
我为何而活 What I Have Lived For
我为何而活What I Have Lived ForThree passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.对爱情的渴望，对知识的追求，对人类苦难不可遏制的同情，是支配我一生的单纯而强烈的三种感情。
这些感情如阵阵巨风，吹拂在我动荡不定的生涯中，有时甚至吹过深-沉痛苦的海洋，直抵绝望的边缘。
I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy - ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness--that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what--at last--I have found.我所以追求爱情，有三方面的原因。
罗素的《What I Have Lived For》
罗素的《What I Have Lived For》我为何而生——伯兰特·罗素Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.三种单纯然而极其强烈的激情支配着我的一生。
那就是对于爱情的渴望，对于知识的追求，以及对于人类苦难痛彻肺腑的怜悯。
这些激情犹如狂风，把我伸展到绝望边缘的深深的苦海上东抛西掷，使我的生活没有定向I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy - ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness--that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what--at last--I have found.我追求爱情，首先因为它叫我消魂。
What I Have Lived For
What I Have Lived For /我为何而生Bertrand Russell /伯特兰罗素Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong,have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, ina wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.我的一生被三种简单却又无比强烈的激情所控制：对爱的渴望，对知识的探索和对人类苦难的难以抑制的怜悯。
这些激情像狂风，把我恣情吹向四方，掠过苦痛的大海，迫使我濒临绝望的边缘。
I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy---ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of my life for a few hours for this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness---that terrible loneliness in whichone shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature,the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets haveimagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what---at least---I have found.我寻求爱，首先因为它使我心为之着迷，这种难以名状的美妙迷醉使我愿意用所有的余生去换取哪怕几个小时这样的幸福。
what_I_have_lived_for修改
What I have live渴望，对知识的追求，对人类苦难不可遏制的同情， 对爱情的渴望，对知识的追求，对人类苦难不可遏制的同情，是支配我一生单 纯而强烈的三种激情。这些热情如阵阵巨风，任性地带着我东游西荡， 纯而强烈的三种激情。这些热情如阵阵巨风，任性地带着我东游西荡，越过痛 苦至深的海洋，直抵绝望的边缘。 苦至深的海洋，直抵绝望的边缘。 我义无反顾地追求爱情：因为它赐人以沉醉， 我义无反顾地追求爱情：因为它赐人以沉醉，那种可以让我甘愿舍弃余生换取 片刻欢娱的沉醉；我孜孜不倦追求爱情，因为它可以驱逐孤独， 片刻欢娱的沉醉；我孜孜不倦追求爱情，因为它可以驱逐孤独，那种可以让人 颤抖的意识洞穿世界，触及生机尽灭深不可测的冰冷深渊的蚀骨孤独； 颤抖的意识洞穿世界，触及生机尽灭深不可测的冰冷深渊的蚀骨孤独；我不知 倦怠地追求爱情，因为它让我得见情爱结合的神秘缩影， 倦怠地追求爱情，因为它让我得见情爱结合的神秘缩影，那正是圣人和诗者预 想的天堂版本。这正是我孜孜以求的最美丽激荡的人生， 想的天堂版本。这正是我孜孜以求的最美丽激荡的人生，至少这正是我所追寻 的。 怀着同样的赤诚，我如饥似渴地追求真知：我渴望听懂人类的心声， 怀着同样的赤诚，我如饥似渴地追求真知：我渴望听懂人类的心声，渴望得知 缘何繁星璀璨，我尝试着领会毕达哥拉斯让潮涨潮落的伟大力量， 缘何繁星璀璨，我尝试着领会毕达哥拉斯让潮涨潮落的伟大力量，然而只可窥 视其万一，更多的却未可得见。 视其万一，更多的却未可得见。 知识与爱情，指引着通往天堂的捷径。同情心却让我脚踏实地， 知识与爱情，指引着通往天堂的捷径。同情心却让我脚踏实地，痛哭的回音回 荡在心涧，饥荒中的饿得脸色紫青的孩子，饱经压迫者无情折磨的幸存者， 荡在心涧，饥荒中的饿得脸色紫青的孩子，饱经压迫者无情折磨的幸存者，被 子女当作负累抛弃的老人，满溢着孤独、贫穷、 子女当作负累抛弃的老人，满溢着孤独、贫穷、痛苦的这个世界冷酷地讥笑着 芸芸众生的生活。我渴望消减所有的罪恶，但却无能为力，因为我亦深陷其中。 芸芸众生的生活。我渴望消减所有的罪恶，但却无能为力，因为我亦深陷其中。 这就是我的人生，我自认为活得有价值，如果生命从头来过， 这就是我的人生，我自认为活得有价值，如果生命从头来过，我会毫不犹豫一 如既往地生活。 如既往地生活。
(完整版)美文原文及翻译WhatIHaveLivedFor
What I Have Lived ForRussell, Bertrand Arthur William (1872-1970)Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy - ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness--that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what--at last--I have found.With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer. This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.Bertrand Arthur William Russell (b.1872 - d.1970) was a British philosopher, logician, essayist, and social critic, best known for his work in mathematical logic and analytic philosophy. His most influential contributions include his defense of logicism (the view that mathematics is in some important sense reducible to logic), and his theories of definite descriptions and logical atomism. Along with G.E. Moore, Russell is generally recognized as one of the founders of analytic philosophy. Along with Kurt Gödel, he is also regularly credited with being one of the two most important logicians of the twentieth century.对爱情的渴望,对知识的追求,对人类苦难不可遏制的同情，是支配我一生的单纯而强烈的三种感情。
英语美文赏析：我的人生追求 What I Have Lived For
英语美文赏析：我的人生追求 What I Have Lived ForI have been a seeker and I still am, but I stopped asking the books and the stars. I started listening to the teachings of my heart.Life is a journey and I have realized that I will never arrive. Arriving suggests I have reached my destination. But life is not a destination. It is a romance, it is a glory.I have been a seeker and I still am, but I have ceased to question stars and books. I have begun to listen to the teaching my heart whispers to me.I have learned that I will never arrive. To arrive suggests that I have reached my destination. But life is not a destination. It is a romance, it is a glory.I have learned that the heart's teaching is to be found in the immediate moment, and that it is not to be sought in the future. The heart knows that no one moment is more important than another.I have learned to live in the present moment, to be joyous and free, to surrender myself to the beauty of life and to be thankful for every moment.I have learned to trust the process of life, to take each step as it comes and to be open to the unknown. I have learned that life is a journey and that I will never arrive.I have learned to be content with the mystery of life, to appreciatethe beauty of the unknown, and to trust that I am on the right path.I have learned to accept myself, to be kind to myself, and to be my own best friend. I have learned that I am enough and that I am worthy of love and respect.I have learned that life is a gift and that I am blessed to be alive. I have learned that every experience, every moment, is an opportunity to learn, to grow, and to become more of who I am.I have learned that life is a precious gift and that I am blessed to be alive. I have learned that every experience, every moment is an opportunity to learn, to grow, and to become more of who I am. This is what I have lived for.。
罗素：我为何而活_教案参考(附原文及参考译文)
析罗素自传序言汉译中的问题李靖民[摘要] 伯特兰〃罗素自传的序言What I Have Lived For（我为何而活）文采横溢、意味深长，深受读者的喜爱。
这篇序言在国内已有多种版本的汉语译文，有的被刊登在各种杂志上，有的被附上英语原文上传至网络，广为流传。
而这些译文虽然各有所长，却大多存在一些翻译上的问题，要么对原文理解得不够准确，要么在译文的表达上有失妥当，要么忽略了历史背景，值得商榷。
（文后附原文及参考译文。
）[关键词] 罗素自传；序言；翻译英国哲学家、逻辑学家、诺贝尔文学奖获得者伯特兰·罗素的散文不仅文笔酣畅、优美动人，而且逻辑缜密、言简意赅，正如王佐良先生（1998: 202）在其《英国散文的流变》中所说：“他力求想得清楚，说得准确。
”罗素自传的序言What I Have Lived For堪称其散文的经典之作，短短三百余字，即高度概括了作者对主宰其一生的三种激情的执着和对人生的热爱，文采横溢、意味深长，深受读者的喜爱。
然而，目前国内一些杂志上刊登的罗素自传序言汉语译文，以及网络上广为流传的附有英语原文的汉语译文则大多存在一些翻译上问题。
这些问题不仅会造成普通读者对原文作者表达意图的误解，还会对希望通过英汉对比来提高翻译能力的读者产生负面影响。
本文拟就这些问题进行分析探讨。
（序言的英语全文及汉语参考译文附文后。
）一、Unbearable PityUnbearable pity出现在第一段第一句Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind。
在这句话里，罗素提到了主宰其一生的三种激情，而当他提到第三种激情时，特意在中心词之前加了一个修饰语，即unbearable + pity。
浅析What I Have Lived for
浅析What I Have Lived for"What I Have Lived For"是一个引人入胜、一针见血的短篇随笔，由贝尔纳德·罗素所写。
这篇随笔提供了一个有启迪性的观点-什么是生命中最重要的？在这篇随笔中，贝尔纳德·罗素从他被分配的时间、人际关系、知识和乐趣等方面，探讨了怎样才能过一种有意义的生活。
通过他的个人经历和思考，贝尔纳德·罗素告诉我们，生活的意义在于追求知识、创造性工作和对别人的帮助。
首先，贝尔纳德·罗素谈到了他被分配的时间。
他指出：“我的时间似乎很少，但我以为足够把我知道的一些事情做到。
”这意味着他相信生命中的时间极其有限，因此必须利用每一分钟来做有意义的事情。
这种态度帮助他专注于实现目标，并理解社会和人类的重要性。
贝尔纳德·罗素的思想告诉我们，我们不应该把时间浪费在无意义的事情上，而是要利用它来实现自己的目标。
接下来，贝尔纳德·罗素谈到了人际关系的重要性。
他说：“几年前，我决定把对人性的理解放在生命的中心，因为这是我所需要的，也是我所热爱的。
”他相信人与人之间的关系是生命中最宝贵的财富。
这种关系可以是与家人、朋友、同事或其他人的互动。
他意识到，人们会带来帮助和快乐，因此，建立和维护好人际关系至关重要。
其次，贝尔纳德·罗素谈到了知识的重要性。
他说：“我一直想知道这个世界是如何运转的，并能够理解我所知道的一切。
”对于这个世界为什么这么运作，他一直有着好奇心。
这种好奇心在他的生命中占据了很大的比重，并且鼓励着他成为一个更好的人。
贝尔纳德·罗素的思想告诉我们，可以通过不断学习和探索来掌握知识，建立自信并提高自己的人生质量。
最后，贝尔纳德·罗素认为帮助别人是生活中的重要意义之一，他说：“只有通过为他人服务来感受生命的真谛。
”他相信，通过帮助他人，他不但能够提高他人生活的质量，同时也能够获得自己的成就感和反哺。
罗素-我为什么活着
罗素－我为什么而活(中英文)What I have Lived For——Bertrand RussellThree passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair. I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy--ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness--that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss.I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, In a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what--at last--I have found.With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I can’t , and I too suffer.This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.有三种简单然而无比强烈的激情左右了我的一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的探索和对人类苦难的难以忍受的怜悯。
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我的人生追求What I Have Lived For
Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.
有三种简单然而无比强烈的激情左右了我的一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的探索和对人类苦难的难以忍受的怜悯。
这些激情像飓风，反复地吹拂过深重的苦海，濒于绝境。
I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy, ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness-that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what-at last-I have found.
我寻找爱，首先是因为它使人心醉神迷这种陶醉是如此的美妙，使我愿意牺牲所有的余生去换取几个小时这样的欣喜。
我寻找爱，还因为它解除孤独在可怕的孤独中，
一颗颤抖的灵魂从世界的边缘看到冰冷、无底、死寂的深渊。
最后，我寻找爱，还因为在爱的交融中，神秘而又具体而微地，我看到了圣贤和诗人们想象出的天堂的前景。
这就是我所寻找的，而且，虽然对人生来说似乎过于美妙，这也是我终于找到了的。
With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.
以同样的激情我探索知识。
我希望能够理解人类的心灵。
我希望能够知道群星为何闪烁。
我试图领悟毕达哥拉斯所景仰的数字力量，它支配着此消彼涨。
仅在不大的一定程度上，我达到了此目的。
Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I can’t, and I too suffer.
爱和知识，只要有可能，通向着天堂。
但是怜悯总把我带回尘世。
痛苦呼喊的回声回荡在我的内心。
忍饥挨饿的孩子，惨遭压迫者摧残的受害者，被儿女们视为可憎的负担的无助的老人，连同这整个充满了孤独、贫穷和痛苦的世界，使人类所应有的生活成为了笑柄。
我渴望能够减少邪恶，但是我无能为力，而且我自己也在忍受折磨。
This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.
这就是我的一生。
我发现它值得一过。
如果再给我一次机会，我会很高兴地再活它一次。