英国文学复习题
英国文学期末复习题目
I. Each of the following below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bet complete the statement.1. The long poem ______ in Anglo-Saxon period was termed England’s national epic.A. The Canterbury TalesB. Paradise LostC. The Song of BeowulfD. The Fairy Queen2. Romance, which uses verse or prose to describe the adventures and life of the knights, is the popular literary form in ______.A. RomanticismB. RenaissanceC. medieval periodD. Anglo-Saxon period3. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of____.A. Piers PlowmanB. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC. Confessio AmantisD. The Canterbury Tales4. _______ is regarded as the father of English poetry.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Edmund SpenserC. John MiltonD. W. Wordsworth5. It is _____ alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Martin LutherC. William ShakespeareD. John Gower6. One of Chaucer’s main contributions to English poetry is ______.A. he introduced the rhymed stanzas from France to English poetryB. he created striking brilliant panorama of his time and his countryC. he wrote in blank verseD. he was the first to write sonnet7. During the Renaissance, _______ was the first one to introduce the sonnet into English poetry.A. ChaucerB. John DonneC. Thomas WyattD. Earl of Surrey8. During the Renaissance, _______ wrote the first English blank verse.A. ChaucerB. Edmund SpencerC. Thomas WyattD. Earl of Surrey9. Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaissance Movement？A. The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman cultureB. The new discoveries in geography and astrologyC. The Glorious revolutionD. The religious reformation and the economic expansion10. The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events. Which one of the following is NOT such an event?A. The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.B. England’s domestic restC. New discovery in geography and astrology.D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion.11. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between ______ and ______ centuries.A. 14th...mid-17thB. 14th...mid-18thC. 16th...mid-18thD. 16th...mid-17th12. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is_______.A. scienceB. philosophyC. artsD. humanism13. _______ frequently applied conceits in his poems.A. Edmund SpenserB. John DonneC. William BlakeD. Thomas Gray14. _______ is known as “the poet’s poet”.A. William ShakespeareB. Christopher MarloweC. Edmund SpenserD. John Donne15. Romance，which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of____ adventures or other heroic deeds，is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A. ChristianB. knightlyC. pilgrimsD. primitive16. ________ and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanism.A. Edmund Spenser, Christopher MarloweB. Thomas More, Christopher MarloweC. John Donne, Edmund SpenserD. John Milton, Thomas More17. Among the following plays which is not written by Christopher Marlowe?A. Dr. FaustusB. The Jew of MaltaC. TamburlaineD. The School for Scandal18. Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are _______.A. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and MacbethB. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Romeo and JulietC. Hamlet, Coriolanus, King Lear and MacbethD. Hamlet, Julius caesar, Othel lo and Macbeth19. The sentence “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” is the line of one of Shakespeare’s ________.A. comediesB. tragediesC. historiesD. sonnets20. “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.” (Shakespeare, Sonnets 18) What does “this” refer to?A. LoverB. TimeC. SummerD. Poetry21. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18？A. The speaker eulogizes the power of NatureB. The speaker satirizes human vanityC. The speaker praises the power of artistic creationD. The speaker meditates on man’s salvation22. “Bassani Antonio，I am married to a wife Which is as dear to me as life itself；But life itself，my wife，and all the world，Are not with me esteem’d above thy life；I would lose all，ay，sacrifice them all，Here to the devil，to deliver you. Portia：Your wife would give you little thanks for that，ff she were by to hear you make the offer.” The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare’s comedy The Merchant of Venice. The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrateA. dramatic ironyB. personificationC. allegoryD. symbolism23. “The Fairy Queen” is the masterpiece written by____.A. John MiltonB. Geoffrey ChaucerC. Edmund SpenserD. Alexander Pope24. Which of the following work did Bacon NOT write?A. Advancement of LearningB. Novum OrganumC. De AugmentisD. Areopagitica25. The greatest of pioneers of English drama in Renaissance is _______, one of whose drama is “Doctor Faustus”.A. William ShakespeareB. Christopher MarloweC. Oscar WildeD. R. Brinsley Sheridan26. “Euphues” was written by ________, the style of the novel was called “Euphuism”.A. John BunyanB. John LylyC. John DonneD. John Milton27. The most famous dramatist in the 18th century is ______, who is famous for “The School for Scandal”.A. Oliver GoldsmithB. Thomas GrayC. R. Brinsley SheridanD. G.eorge Bernard Shaw28. The most distinguished literary figure of the 17th century was ______, who was a critic, poet, and playwright.A. Oliver GoldsmithB. John DrydenC. John MiltonD. T. G. Coleridge29. The representative of the “Metaphysical” poetry is ______, whose poems are famous for his use of fantastic metaphors and extravagant hyperboles.A. John DonneB. John MiltonC. William BlakeD. Robert Burns30. Which of the following has / have associations with John Donne’s poetry?A. reason and sentimentB. conceits and witsC. the euphuismD. writing in the rhymed couplet31. _____ is the successful religious allegory in the English language.A. The Pilgrim’s ProgressB. The Canterbury TalesC. Paradise LostD. Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded32. The 18th century England is known as the ______ in the history.A. RenaissanceB. ClassicismC. EnlightenmentD. Romanticism33. Of all the eighteenth-century novelists, who was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specially a “comic epic in prose”, the first to give the modern novel its s tructure and style?A. Thomas GrayB. Richard Brinsley SheridanC. Johathan SwiftD. Henry Fielding34. Henry Fielding has been regarded by some as “_______________”, for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.A. Best writer of the English novelB. The father of English novelC. The most gifted writer of the English novelD. conventional writer of English novel35. Among the pioneers of the 18th century novelists were Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry fielding and _______.A. Laurence SterneB. John DrydenC. Charles DickensD. Alexander Pope36. John Milton’s masterpiece—Paradise Lost was written in the poetic style of _____.A. rhymed stanzasB. blank verseC. alliterationD. sonnets37. Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out____，both in theory and practice，to write specifically a “ ______ in prose,” the first to giv e the modern novel its structure and style. (Refer to 19)A. tragic epicB. comic epicC. romanceD. lyric epic38. Besides Sheridan, another great playwright in the 18th century is ______.A. Oliver GoldsmithB. Thomas GrayC. T. G. SmolletD. Laurence Sterne39. She Stoops to Conquer was written by _____.A. Oliver GoldsmithB. R. Brinsley SheridanC. John DrydenD. George Bernard Shaw40. The middle of the 18th century was predominated by a newly rising literary form, that is the modern English ______, which gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people.A. proseB. short storyC. novelD. tragicomedy41. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver’s Travels are _____.A. horses that are endowed with reasonB. pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC. giants that are superior in wisdomD. hairy，wild，low and despicable creatures，who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways42. The unquenchable spirit of Robinson Crusoe struggling to maintain a substantial existence ona lonely island reflects ____.A. man’s desire to return to natureB. the author’s criticism of the colonizationC. the ideal of the rising bourgeoisieD. the aristocrats’ disillusionment of the harsh social reality43. Gothic novels are mostly stories of_____, which take place in some haunted or dilapidated Middle Age castles.A. love and marriageB. sea adventuresC. mystery and horrorD. saints and martyrs44. “The father of English novel” is __________.A. Henry FieldingB. Daniel DefoeC. Jonathan SwiftD. John Donne45. The greatest Scottish poet in the pre-romanticism is ________.A. William WordsworthB. Oliver GoldsmithC. Thomas GrayD. Robert Burns46. _______ is written by William Blake, a great poet in the pre-romanticism.A. The Songs of InnocenceB. Reliques of Ancient English poetryC. Songs and SonnetsD. Kubla Khan47. The Rights of Man, a pamphlet, was written by ______, in which he advocated that politics was the business of the whole mass of common people and not only of a government oligarchy.A. John MiltonB. Jonathan SwiftC. Robert BurnsD. Thomas Paine48. William Wordsworth，a romantic poet，advocated all the following EXCEPT ___.A. the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC. the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterD. the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech49. Which of the following is taken from John Keats’ “Ode on a Grecian Urn”？A. “I fall upon the tho rns of life！I bleed！”B. “They are both gone up to the church to pray.”C. “Earth has not anything to show more fair.”D. “Beauty is truth，truth beauty.”50. “If Winter comes，can Spring be far behind.” is an epigrammatic line by___.A. John KeatsB. William BlakeC. William WordsworthD. P. B. Shelley51. “Ode on a Grecian Urn” shows the contrast between the______ of art and the____ of human passion.A. glory，uglinessB. permanence, transienceC. transience，sordidnessD. glory，permanence52. One of the great essay writers of the early 19th century is ______.A. Jane AustenB. Charles LambC. Walter ScottD. George Eliot53. Tales form Shakespeare was written by _____.A. Charles LambB. William HazlittC. Charles Lamb and Mary LambD. Wordsworth and Coleridge54. Charles Dickens’ works are characterized by a mingling of _______ and pathos.A. humorB. satireC. passionD. metaphor55. In Chapter III of Oliver Twist, Oliver is punished for that “impious and profane offence of asking for more”. What did Oliver ask for more?A. More time to playB. More food to eatC. More books to readD. More money to spend56. In ____ ’s hands, “dramatic monologue” reaches its maturity and perfection.A. Alfred TennysonB. Robert BrowningC. William ShakespeareD. George Eliot57. The success of Jane Eyre is not only because of its sharp criticism of the existing society, but also due to its introduction to the English novel the first ______ heroine.A. explorerB. peasantC. workerD. governess58. The three trilogies of _____ ’s Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century.A. John GalswortryB. Arnold BennettC. James JoyceD. H. G. Wells59. The Victorian Age was largely an age of________ eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. prose60. The title of Alfred Tennyson’s poem “Ulysses” reminds the reader of the following EXCEPT_________.A. the Trojan WarB. Homer’s OdysseyC. adventures over the seaD. religious quest61. The work ____ written by Alfred Tennyson was about the question of higher education of women.A. Crossing the BarB. The PrincessC. Break, Break, BreakD. Ulysses62. The bard of imperialism was ____, who glorified the colonial expansion of Great Britain in his works.A. R. L. StevensonB. Rudyard KiplingC. H. G. WellsD. Daniel Defoe63. The Dynasts was a gigantic epic drama written by ______.A. George Bernard ShawB. Thomas HardyC. Oscar WildeD. John Galsworthy64. The major concern of____ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his character sand in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.A. D. H. Lawrence’sB. J. Galsworthy’sC. W. Thackeray’sD. T. Hardy’s65. A typical Forsyte, according to John Galsworthy, is a man with a strong sense of_______, who never pays any attention to human feelings.A. propertyB. justiceC. moralityD. humor66. _____is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare，and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism.A. Richard SheridanB. Oliver GoldsmithC. Oscar WildeD. George Bernard Shaw67. “Art for art’s sake” was put forth by ______.A. aestheticismB. naturalismC. realismD. neo-romanticism68. James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT________.A. DublinersB. Jude the ObscureC. A portrait of the Artist as a Young ManD. UlyssesII. Fill in the blanks with correct information1. Angles, ___, and ___ were the Teutonic tribes came from the northern continent.3. The long poem _________ in Anglo-Saxon period was termed England’s national epic.4. Grendel, a monster half-human, appeared in the story of ______.6. The literature of the Anglo-Saxon Period falls into two kinds—___ and ___.7. The 3182-line The Song of Beowulf can be divided into two parts with a(n) _____ between the two and the whole song is essentially ___ in spirit and matter.8. The songs and poems in the Anglo-Saxon period were written in the style of ______ as could be seen from The Song of Beowulf.10. The greatest influence made by the Normans in England is on ___ and ____.11. The most popular literary form in the Anglo-Norman period was _____, in which the central character was _____.12. Sir Gawain and Green Knight employs the form of ____________.13. The story of Sir Gawain and Green Knight is the culmination of the ___________.15. Apart from original poems, Chaucer translated various works of French authors; among them is the famous _______________ and The House of Fame.16. The one who propose the story-telling in The Canterbury Tales is the _____________.17. Geoffrey Chaucer is considered the “________” and is one of the greatest narrative poets of England.18. “The father of English poetry” is ______.20. The pilgrims described in The Canterbury Tales met at _____ in Southwark, a suburb of London.22. Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is written in the style of ______ instead of alliteration in the Anglo-Saxon period.23. A ballad is written in _________stanzas with the second and fourth lines rhymes.24. Most of English ballads were collected in the 18th century and one of the famous ballads is ___.26. The Canterbury Tales opens with a _________ where are told of a group of vivid sketches ofa company of pilgrims that gathered at _________ in Southwark, a suburb of London.29. One of the striking features of Renaissance is the keen interest in the life and activities of human. So the arose _____— which was the keynote of the Renaissance.31. The story of Utopia was written by in two books, in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people’s sufferings in the first book and put forward his ideal future happy society—_____ in the second book.32. The one who first made blank verse the principal instrument of English drama is _________33. The greatest of the pioneers of English drama is _______.34. The difference of Earl of Surrey’s contribution to English poetry from that of Thomas Wyatt lies in that Surrey wrote the first English _________ while Thomas Wyatt was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.35. English Renaissance period was an age of _________and _________.38. The title “poet’s poet” is given to Edmund Spencer.39. _________ wrote The Faerie Queene.41. The greatest epic poem of the 16th century was _____ written by ______.45. William Shakespeare is a poet, playwright and an actor.49. The Renaissance, which began in the _________century in Italy, was a great cultural and ideological movement that swept the whole of Europe. All in all, the chief characteristic of the Renaissance literature is the expression of secular values with men instead of God as the center of the universe.50. Francis Bacon was praised by Marx as “the progenitor of English Materialism”.51. William Shakespeare produced _________ plays, two _____, and 154 sonnets.52. Sonnet is a poem of 14 lines Iambic pentameter. It mainly has two types and the Shakespearean has three quatrains plus _________—often rhymed as _________.53 Shakespeare’s main tragedies were written during the second period of gloom and depression which dated from 1601 to 1608. His main tragedies are: “_________”, “_________”, “_________”, and “_________”. All of these plays show the struggle and conflicts between good and evil of the time, between justice and injustice.55. John Milton wrote his masterpieces _________, _________, and _________ after blindness.56. Paradise Lost presents the author’s views in the form of _____ and _____ and the poetic style of ____ and presents the exposure of reactionary forces of his time and passionate appeal for _____.57. In Paradise Lost, _________ tempts Eve to eat an apple from the forbidden tree.60. _________ is a character in Paradise Lost with a strong desire for freedom.61. _________Poetry is characterized by fantastic metaphors and extravagant hyperboles.62. “Conceit” is a term applied in particular to the _________.65. The Pilgrims Progress is the masterpiece of _____, written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of ____ and ____, in which the main character is ____.66. The Revolution period produced one of the most important poets in English literature, whose name is _________and an important prose wrier, _________.68. In The Pilgrims Progress, Christian makes his way to the Holy city with two objects: ____ and ___.72. John Dryden, critic, poet, and playwright, was the most distinguished literary figure in the Restoration.73. The Enlightenment was a progressive _________ movement, which first began in France and had a wide impact throughout Europe in the 18th century.74. People in the 18th century believed in reason.76. Jonathan Swift wrote the famous story _________ and the famous pamphlet “A Modest Proposal” on Ireland in the style of satire.86. Daniel Defoe’s famous navel was ________.87. The main literary stream of the 18th century was _________.92. In the last adventure, Gulliver came to a country where horses were possessed of reason while Yahoos were brute beasts.88. _________was considered as the “father of English novel”.89. _________ found its representative writers in the field of poetry, such as Thomas Gray, but it manifested itself chiefly in the novels of Laurence Sterne and Oliver Goldsmith.90. The appearance and development of sentimentalism marked the midway in the transition from classicism to its opposite, _________.95. Among his other contributions to the theory and practice of prosody, _____ made popular the so-called heroic couplets.97. Thomas Gray wrote the famous poem _________, which was considered “the best known poem in the English language”.100. In the 18th century English literature, the representative poets of Pre-romanticism were William Blake and _________.103. “The poet of the peasants” is a title given to the great est Scottish poet _________.105. Robert Burns is famous for his poetry written in _________ dialect.111. The watchwords of the French Revolution are _________, ______, and________.112. The English Romanticism began with the publication of The Lyrical Ballads which was written in collaboration by _________and _________.113. Romanticism extended from 1798 when _________was published and in 1832 when _________ died.116. “The Lake Poets” include Wordsworth, _________ , Southey.120. In the revised version of _________, Wordsworth held that poetry is the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling”.10. William Makepeace Thackeray was another important writer in the 19th century, whose novels mainly contained a satirical portrayal of _______.14. In the novel _________, Dr. Manette is a typical bourgeois intellectual. He sympathizes with the poor and defends the oppressed people, but feels terrified before the fire of revolution.15. The two cities in A Tale of Two Cities written by _________ are London and Paris.18. The main female character in Vanity Fair written by ______ is Rebecca Sharp.19. The title of the novel Vanity Fair was borrowed by ____ from The Pilgrims Progress written by ____.20. The subtitle of Vanity Fair is _______.27. Both Jane Eyre by _____ and Wuthering Heights _____ brought to the novel an introspection and an intense concentration on the inner life of emotion.28. Wuthering Heights deals with a story of love and violence.38. Robert Browning’s style was highly individual and often more intent on meaning than on form.44. The end of the 19th century is a period of struggle between realistic trend and anti-realistic trend in art and literature (, the latter reflected the crisis of bourgeois culture at the period of imperialism).49. The important writer who started as a poet and ended as a poet is _________51. _________believes that man’s fate is predeterminedly tragic, driven by a combined force of “nature”, both inside and outside.52. The writer who figured his hometown—the Wessex country in his works is _____.55. “A Pure Woman(Faithfully Presented)” is the subtitle of the novel ______.III. Give answers to the following questions.1. How do you understand “To be, or not to be”? Give your evidence to support your ideas.2. Why did Hamlet delay in revenging for his father’s death? Give evidence to support your idea.3. What are Chaucer’s contributions to English literature?4. Analyze Shakespeare’s contributions to English literature.5. What is the theme o f “Paradise Lost”?6. What is the image of Satan in Paradise Lost?7. What are the characteristics of metaphysical poetry?8. Give an analysis of the significance of Preface to Lyrical Ballads?9. What does “She” (referring to Lucy) in “She Dwelt Among the Untroden Ways” imply?10. What does “West Wind” mean in Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind?11. Give an analysis of Keats and his works.12. What are Austen’s writing features Jane Austen?13. Why does William Makepeace Thackeray give one of his novels the title Vanity Fair and the subtitle “Novel without a Hero”? Why does William Makepeace Thackeray give one of his novels the title Vanity Fair and the subtitle “ Novel without a Hero”?14. What is your opinion on the character Rebecca Sharp?15. What does the subtitle “A Pure Woman” of the novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles mean?16. Give a brief analysis of the character—Tess.17. What are the major contributions made by the 19th century critical realists?18. What is Paul’s relation with three women in Sons and Lovers?。
英国文学复习题
True or False Questions.1. Chaucer‟s plan for The Canterbury Tales was an ambitious one. Each pilgrim was to tell 2 stories on the way to Canterbury and 2 on the return journey to London. The poet died, however, before his plan was realized and instead of the proposal 124 stories, he wrote only 24.2. Bunyan‟s The Pilgrim’s Progress is the first important novel in British literature.3. Henry Fielding‟s An Apology for the life of Mrs. Shamela Andrews (published in 1741) is a parody on Samuel Richardson‟s Pamela.4. The Song of Beowulf eulogized the heroic deeds of Teutonic people and the best of their qualities—valor, the love of glory, honor, and duty.5. The rhyme scheme of Petrarchan sonnet is abba abba cde cde（cdc cdc）6. Sonnet is a poem that celebrates in the form of a continuous narrative the achievements of one or more heroic personages of history or tradition.7. In the preface to Joseph Andrews,Henry Fielding named his new writing style “comic epic in prose”.8. Classical myth is one of the source s for Milton‟s Paradise Lost.9. Modern novel took shape in the early 18th century. Defoe, Fielding and Richardson belong to the first generation of novelists.10. Daily Express＆The Spectator were two important newspapers in the 18th century.11. The poem …Ozymandias‟ by Percy Bysshe Shelley portrays a flourishing empire ever-growing in strength and greatness, symbolizing Shelley‟s own patriotic pride in Britain‟s status as a mig hty world power.12. .Shakespeare is the first person who made the London vernacular the language of his work, thus making it the foundation for modern speech and establishing English as the literary language of his country.13. James Joyce was inspired by Virginia Woolf‟s pioneering use of the stream-of -consciousness technique, and he went on to use it on his own writing.14. Currer Bell, Ellis Bell and Acton Bell were the men‟s names under which Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte and Anne Bronte first published their works.15. The modern novel took shape in the early 18th century. Defoe, Fielding and Richardson belong to the first generation of novelists.16. A poem about the simple beauty and peace of countryside life is called a pastoral.17. Robert Browni ng‟s …My Last Duchess‟ and Oscar Wilde‟s The Picture of Dorian Gray both tell stories in which a painted portrait plays a central part.Multiple Choice1. _____ was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.A. Thomas WyattB. William ShakespeareC. Phillip SidneyD. Thomas Campion2. The Renaissance was a period of ____A. prose and novelsB. poetry and dramaC. essays and journalsD. ballads and songs3. _____was the first buried in th e Poet‟s Corner of Westminster Abby.A. Robert SoutheyB. Francis BaconC. ShakespeareD. Geoffrey Chaucer4. What was George Eliot‟s real name?A. Hannah MoreB. Anna Laetitia BarbauldC. Julia KristevaD. Mary Ann Evans5. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___A. Piers PlowmanB. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC. Confessio AmantisD. The Canterbury Tales6. …I Travelled Among Unknown Men‟ by Willia m Wordsworth gives an account of the poet‟sA. disillusionment with English lifeB. lasting commitment to revolutionary idealsC. rejection of revolutionary idealsD. sympathy with the English working class7. In which of the following works can you fi nd the proper names “Lilliput,” “Brobdingnag,” “Houyhnhnm,” and “Yahoo”?A. James Joyce's DublinersB. Charles Dickens's Bleak HouseC. Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's TravelsD. H. Lawrence's Women in Love8. Which of the following is one of William Shakespeare's history plays?A. MacbethB. Henry IVC. Romeo and JulietD. King Lear9. Which of the following is NOT a part of Thomas Hardy‟s fictional region of Wessex?A. SomersetB. GlasgowC. WiltshireD. Devonshire10. “To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield” is the last line of which poem?A. Browning‟s …My Last Duchess‟B. Hardy‟s …At Castle Boterel‟C. Byron‟s …She Walks in Beauty‟D. Tennyson‟s …Ulysses‟11. Vanity Fair by William Makepeace Thackeray presents a world in which nobody is heroic and there is very little good to be said about anyone. We would describe this novel as:A. cynicalB. lyricalC: optimisticD. didactic12. The sentence "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare's ________A. comediesB. tragediesC. sonnetsD. histories13. "And where are they? And where art thou,"My country? On thy voiceless shoreThe heroic lay is tuneless now-The heroic bosom beats no more!"In the above stanza, "art thou" literally means _______ .A. "are you"B. "art though"C. "are though"D. "art you"14. The most prominent writers of the Romantic period, such as Wordsworth, Coleridge, Keats and Byron, are most famous for having producedA. playsB. poetryC. novelsD. short stories15. A novel that ends with all the good characters rewarded and all the bad characters punished is an example ofA: naturalismB: modernismC: stream-of-consciousness writingD. poetic justice16. “Water, water everywhere / Nor any drop to drink.” These lin es by Samuel Taylor Coleridge are:A. comicalB. ironicC. elegiacD. allegorical17. What historical event directly inspired Percy Bysshe Shelley‟s poem …The Masque of Anarchy?‟A. The abolition of the slave tradeB. The Declaration of American IndependenceC. The Peterloo MassacreD. Queen Victoria‟s Coronation18. Oscar Wilde‟s character who magically stays forever young and beautiful is named:A. Jos SedleyB. Paul MorelC. Angel ClareD. Dorian Gray19. The father of the school of Metaphysical poets is _______.A. Thomas MoreB. Edmund SpenserC. John DonneD. Thomas Wyatt20. Beowulf is the most important and the first epic in the Old English ever written. It was written in _______A. sonnetsB. ballad formC. alliterationD. heroic couplets21. Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaissance Movement?A. The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture.B. The new discoveries in geography and astrology.C. The Glorious revolution.D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion.22. "O prince, O chief of many throned powers,"That led th' embattled seraphim to warUnder thy conduct, and in dreadful deedsFearless, endangered Heaven's perpetual King."In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton's Paradise Lost, the phrase "thy conduct" refers to _______conduct.A. Satan'sB. God'sC. Adam'sD. Eve's23. "And where are they? And where art thou,"My country? On thy voiceless shoreThe heroic lay is tuneless now-The heroic bosom beats no more!"In the above stanza, "art thou" literally means _______A. "are you"B. "art though"C. "are though"D. "art you"24. Romance, which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A. ChristianB. knightlyC. GreekD. primitive25. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___.A. Piers PlowmanB. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC. Confessio AmantisD. The Canterbury Tales26. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance humanism?A Cultivation of the art of this world and this life.B Tolerance of human foibles.C Search for the genuine flavor of ancient culture.D Glorification of religious faith.27. "Not on thy sole but on thy soul, harsh Jew,/Thou mak'st thy knife keen."In the above quotation taken form The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare employs a（n）_______ .A. oxymoronB. punC. simileD. synecdoche28. “Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathe matics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. ” This sentence appears in ________.A. The Advancement of LearningB. A Dictionary of the English LanguageC. An Essay on CriticismD. Of Studies29. The sentence "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare's ________ .A. comediesB. tragediesC. sonnetsD. histories30. Which of the following works does not belong to John Milton?A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. AdonaisD. Llycidas31. Daniel Defoe describes _______ as a typical English Middle-class man of the eighteenth century, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonist.A. Tom JonesB. GulliverC. Moll FlandersD. Robinson Crusoe32. _______ is a typical feature of Swift's writings.A. Bitter satireB. Elegant styleC. Casual narrationD. Complicated sentence structure33. In William Blake's poetry, the father（and any other in whom he saw the image of the father such as God, priest, and king）was usually a figure of _______ .A. benevolenceB. admirationC. loveD. tyranny34. “Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? … And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave.” T he above quoted passage is most probably taken from ____. ( )A. Great ExpectationsB. Wuthering HeightsC. Jane EyreD. Pride and Prejudice35.The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan is often said to be concerned with the search for _____A. material wealthB. spiritual salvationC. universal truthD. self-fulfillment36. In the following descriptions of Gothic novel, which is not true? ( )A. Gothic novel was one phase of the Romantic movement.B. Gothic novel predominated in the eighteenth century.C. Its principal elements are violence, horror and the supernatural.D. Works like The Mysteries of Udolpho by Ann Radcliff and Frankenstein by Mary Shelley are typical Gothic romance.37. Of all the eighteenth-century novelists, _______ was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose," and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A. Daniel DefoeB. Samuel RichardsonC. Henry FieldingD. Oliver Goldsmith38. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver's Travels are ___.A. horses that are endowed with reasonB. pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC. giants that are superior in wisdomD. hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways.39. “The novel is structured around the discovery of the hero's origin.” This novel is most probably .A. Charles Dickens's David CopperfieldB. James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManC. Thomas Hardy's Far from the Madding CrowdD. Henry Fielding's Tom Jones40. “So much the worse for me, that I am strong. Do I want to li ve? What kind of living will it be when you-oh, God! Would you like to live with your soul in the grave?” In the above passage quoted from Emily Brontë‟s Wuthering Heights, the word “soul” apparently refers to ____. ( )A. HeathcliffB. ghostC. one‟s spiritual liftD. CatherineLiterary terms1.Realism: The attempt in literature and art to represent life as it really is, without sentimentalizing or idealizing it. Realistic writing often depicts the everyday life and speech of ordinary people. This has led, sometimes, to an emphasis on sordid details.2 Sonnet: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea.3. Poetry: The most distinctive characteristic of poetry is form and music. Poetry is concerned with not only what is said but how it is said. Poetry evokes emotions rather than express facts. Poetry means having a poetic experience. Imagination is also an essential quality of poetry. Poetry often leads us to new perceptions, new feelings and experiences of which we have not previously been aware.4. Renaissance: The term originally indicated a revival of classical (Greek and Roman) arts and sciences after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism.5. Enlightenment: With the advent of the 18th century, in England, as in other European countries, there sprang into life a public movement known as the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeois against the inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempted to place all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual deeds and requirements of the people.6. Romanticism: A movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music, and art in Western culture during the 19th century.7. Dramatic monologue: A kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem. The occasion is usually a crucial one in the speaker‟s personality as well as the incident that is the subject of the poem.8. Stream of consciousness: “Stream-of-Consciousness” or “interior monologue”, is one of the modern literary techniques. It is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character‟s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mentalimages as the character experiences them. It was first used in 1922 by the Irish novelist James Joyce. Those novels broke through the bounds of time and space, and depicted vividly and skillfully the unconscious activity of the mind fast changing and flowing incessantly, particularly the hesitant, misted, distracted and illusory psychology people had when they faced reality. The modern American writer William Faulkner successfully advanced this technique. In his stories, action and plots were less important than the reactions and inner musings of the narrators. Time sequences were often dislocated. The reader feels himself to be a participant in the stories, rather than an observer. A high degree of emotion can be achieved by this technique.9. Tragedy: In general, a literary work in which the protagonist meets an unhappy or disastrous end. Unlike comedy, tragedy depicts the actions of a central character who is usually dignified or heroic.10. Rhythm: It is one of the three basic elements of traditional poetry. It is the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables into a pattern. Rhythm often gives a poem a distinct musical quality. Poets also use rhythm to echo meaning.Victorian Literature:Historical background: Queen Victoria was born in 1819 and came to the throne in 1837, when she was eighteen. She died in 1901 after ruling for 63 years and seven months, which is the longest reign of any British monarch and also the longest of any female ruler in history.1) On the one hand, Britain was powerful during Victoria‟s reign, enjoying a vast flourishing of empire, colonialism.2) The poor in Victorian times suffered greatly, with widespread disease, starvation and mistreatment by the authorities. Living and working conditions were very hard, especially in industrial areas. These realist narratives were intended to teach readers about the plight of the industrial poor, and to emphasize the urgent need to better their situation.3) The Victorians observed a damaging policy of sexual repression, where sex could only be practiced in matrimony and was a taboo subject for discussion even there.4) Inequality between the genders was also rife. Women were so undervalued as citizens that many female writers, including George Eliot and the Bronte sisters, had to use male pseudonyms in order to secure publication.5) Rigid class distinctions existed, with upper-class “ladies and gentlemen” enjoying great wealth and living by hidebound customs and arrogant pomposity. The working classes meanwhile suffered greatly under poverty, and were treated with amusement and contempt.6) Religious hypocrisy caused great suffering among the lower classes.Features of Charles Dickens‟s novels:Charles Dickens was the greatest English critical realist novelist in England.1)The critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the beginning of fifties. The realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated the crying contradictions of bourgeois reality. But they did not find a way to eradicate social evils.2) Dickens‟novels offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English bourgeois society of his age. They reflect the protest of the people against capitalist exploitation, criticize the vices of capitalist society.3) Dickens was a petty bourgeois intellectual. He could not overstep the limits of his class. He believed in the moral self-perfection of the wicked propertied classes. He failed to see the necessity of a bitter struggle of the oppressed against their oppressors. There was a definite tendency fro a reconciliation of the contradictions of capitalist society.4) Almost all his novels have happy endings.5) His novels tell much of the experiences of his childhood.6) Dickens is a great humorist. His novels are full of humor and laughter. Comment on the significance of Chaucer‟s Canterbury TalesAnalyze William Shakespeare‟s sonnet 18Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature's changing course untrimm'd;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st:So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this and this gives life to theeAnalyze the following poem.How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.I love thee to the depth and breadth and heightMy soul can reach, when feeling out of sightFor the ends of Being and ideal Grace.I love thee to the level of everyday'sMost quiet need, by sun and candle-light.I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.I love thee with a passion put to useIn my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith.I love thee with a love I seemed to loseWith my lost saints, --- I love thee with the breath,Smiles, tears, of all my life! --- and, if God choose,I shall but love thee better after death.1. Who wrote this poem and what is the name of the poem ?2. To whom did the poet write the poem?3. Which collection or series was the poem from?4. Give an overall analysis on the themes of the poem and how the poet presents the different ways of love (eg. how many different ways of love are mentioned in the poem, what are they and how are they connected to each other).。
英国文学史及选读第一册复习题.doc
History and Anthology of English LiteratureI Multiple Choices1.The story of _________ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances.A.Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. BeowulfC. Piers the PlowmanD. The Canterbury Tales2.Chaucer died on October 25th, 140(), and was buried in __________ ・A.FlandersB. FranceC. ItalyD. Westminster Abbey3・Utopia was written in the form of _________ ・A. proseB. drama C・ essay D. dialogue4.________ i s the leading figure of Metaphysical poetry.A. John DonneB. George HerbertC. Andre MarvellD. Henry Vaughan5.________ i s not written by William Blake.A. The Marriage of Heaven and HellB. Songs of ExperienceC. Auld Lang SyneD. Poetical Sketches6."Some book are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested：This sentence is taken from __________ .A. Swifts A Modest ProposalB. Dickens\ Oliver l\vistC. Fielding 9s Tom JonesD. Bacon's Of Studies7.Which poet is not the "Lake Poet"?A. William WordsworthB. S. T. ColeridgeC. SoutheyD. Keats8.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, itsessence is _________ •A. ScienceB. ArtsC. PhilosophyD. Humanism9.Romance, which uses verse or prose to describe the adventures and life of the knights, is thepopular literary form in _________ .A・ Romanticism B. Renaissance C. medieval period D・ Anglo-Saxon period10.Gothic novels are mostly stories of _________ , which take place in some haunted or dilapidatedMiddle Age castles・A.love and marriageB. sea adventuresC. mystery and horrorD. saints and martyrsII• The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gull iver's Travels arc _______ ・A・ horses that are endowed with reasonB.pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC.giants that are superior in wisdomD.hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance butalso in some other ways12. John Milton's masterpiece 一Paradise Lost was written in the poetic style of ___________ ・A. rhymed stanzasB. blank verseC. alliteration D・ sonnets13・ Which of the following has / have associations with John Donners poetry?A. reason and sentimentB. conceits and witsC. the euphuismD. writing in the rhymed couplet14.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is.A ・ scienceB. philosophy C ・ arts D. humanism 15. The School for Scandal by Richard Brislcy Sheridan has been regarded as the best since Shakespeare.A. tragedyB. prose C ・ comedy D. fable II Match III Literary Terms (Choose Five of them to illustrate in English)1・ Epic 2. Romance 3・ Blank verse4. Sonnet5. Allegory6. Heroic couplet7. Comedy8. Tragedy 9. Sentimentalism1()・ Enlightenment IV Poem Analysis(1)Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summers lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometimes declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;Nor shall death brag thou wandefst in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st: So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.Questions:1. Who writes this poem? ______________________2. What type of this poem belongs to? ______________________A. SonnetB. BalladC. OdeD. Elegy3. What does "thee” mean in modem English? _______________________4. What does "the eye of heaven^ refer to? _______________________5. What^s the rhyme scheme of this poem? ______________________6. What's the rhetorical devices used in this poem? Try to give some examples.)1. Paradise Lost)2. Tristram Shandy)3. of Truth)4. The Vicar of Wakefield)5. Canterbury Tales)6. Tom Jones)7. Gulliver "s Travels)& The Pilgrim 9s Progress)9. Pamela)1(). The Fairy Queen A. John Bunyan B. Oliver Goldsmith C. Geoffery Chaucer D. Henry Fielding E. Jonathan Swift F. Samuel Richardson G. Edmund Spenser H ・ Francis Bacon I ・ Laurence Sterne J. John Milton(2)O my luve r s like a red, red roseThat's newly sprung in June:O my Luve r s like the melodie That's sweetly play'd in tune!As fair art thou, my bonnic lass,So deep in luve am I: And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a* the seas gang dry:Till a1 2 3 4 5 the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi* the sun;I will luve thee still, my dear, While the sands o* life shall run.And fare thee wccl, my only Luve, And fare thee weel a while!And I will come again, my Luve, Though it were ten thousand mile. Questions:1.Who write this poem? ______________________2.What's the title of this poem? ______________________3.What does the poet compare red rose to? ______________________4.What is the rhyme scheme of the poem? _______________________5.Illustrate the first stanza in English in your own words.V Conclude the main story of the literary work and make your own comments. Directions: There are four literary works listed as follows・Choose如o of them to write down the main idea and make some comments on them.2 Tome Jones3 Robinson Crusoe4 Hamlet5 Gulliver's Travels。
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一选择题1. _____ was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.a. Thomas Wyattb. William Shakespearec. Phillip Sidneyd. Thomas Campion2. The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development ofEnglish Drama. It was _______ who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.a. Christopher Marloweb. Thomas Logec. Edmund Spenserd. Thomas More3. Great popularity was won by John Lyly‟s prose romance_______wh ich gave rise to the term “euphuism”, designating an effected style of court speech.a. Arcadiab. V enus and Adonis.c. Eupheusd. Lucrece4. At the beginning the 16th century the outstanding humanist_____wrote his Utopia in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people‟s suffering and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.a. Christopher Marloweb. Thomas Morec. Phillip Sidneyd. Edmund Spencer5. English absolute monarchy was once again adopted in the reignof ________after the Queen Elizabeth.a. Edward VIb. James Ic. Charles Id. Queen Ann6.Beowulf is the most important and the first epic in the Old Englishever written. It was written in _______.a. sonnetsb. balladsc. alliterationd. heroic couplet7.Paradise Lost is a (n)________.a. lyrical poemb. hymnc. epicd. narrative poem8.Pamela is a___________.a. historical novelb. romanceb. novel of naturalism d. novel of epistles andpsychology9.Gulliver’s Travels is a ________.a. sentimental novelb. novel of satire andallegoryc. Gothic noveld. novel of stream ofconsciousness10.I Wandered lonely as a Cloud is a ________.a. lyrical poemb. lyrical prosec. romance in prosed. sonnet11.T he School of Scandal is a ______.a. tragedyb. comedy of mannersc. noveld. romance12.The Merry Wives of Windsor is a ______.a. comedyb. tragedyc. historical playd. morality play13. A Red, Red Rose is a______.a. lyricb. satirical poemc. epic d ode14.Clarrisa is a (n) ____________.a. historical novelb. epistolary novelc. metrical romanced. satirical novel15. The title of “Poet‟s poet” is given to the writer of the following work__ _____.a. Death Be Not Proudb. Venus and Adonisc. Romeo and Julietd. The Faerie Queen16. The Merchant of Venice belongs to Shakespearian plays of_______.a. comedyb. sequence of sonnetsc. tragedyd. historical play17. Chaucer was the first important poet of a royal court to writein______ after the Norman conquest.a. Frenchb. Latinc. Englishd. Celt18. “He was not of an age, but for all the time”. “He” here refers to_____.a. Shakespeareb. Chaucerc. John Miltond. Ben Jonson19. The father of the school of Metaphysical poets is _______.a. Thomas Moreb. Spenserc. John Donned. Wyatt20. The most important prose writer of Elizabethan Age was _______,who was also the founder of the English materialistic philosophy.a. Thomas Moreb. Spenserc. John Donned. Francis Bacon21. During the medieval time, there were several types of drama, amongwhich the ______ denotes only dramas based on Saint‟s lives.a. miracle playb. morality playc. mystery playd.interlude22. Morality plays were dramatized _______of the life of man, histemptation and sinning, his quest for salvation and his confrontation with death.a. elegyb. dreamc. ambitiond. allegories23. The hero in morality plays usually represents Mankind or _______.a. Devilb. Godc. valiantd. everyone24. The rhyme schem e of Spenser‟s Amorretti is created by Spenserhimself, and it is now called ____, rhyme pattern of which is ______.a. English sonnet/ abab cdcd, efef ggb. Italian sonnet/ abba abba cde cdec. Miltonic sonnet/ abab bcbc cde cded. Spenserian sonnet/ abab bcbc cdcd ee25. In the Faerie Queene, Spenser signifies glory in abstract, and theQueen Elizabeth______ in particular.a. Gloryb. famec. honestyd. virtue26. Spenser not only wrote in Spenserian sonnet, he also inventedSpensrian stanza, a nine-line stanza used by him in Faerie Queene, the rhyme scheme of which is ________.a. abab ababab. abab bcbccc. abcb cdcdcd. aabb ccddd27. Spenser is usually considered “poets‟ poet”, because of his superbtechnical skill, perfect melodies, rare senses of beauty. However, in his poetry there still remain two defects: _______.a. power and unityb. power and steadinessc. steadiness and unityd. unity and melody28. The Tragic History of Dr. Faustus is based on a _____.a. German legendb. Greek legendc. Roman Legendd. Celtic Legend29. The hero of Dr. Fustus is a young ______.a. scholarb. doctorc. philosopherd. magician30. The significance of Marlowe‟s plays lies in the playwright‟spresenting of, in various ways, the spirit of ________.a. feudal lordsb. the rising bourgeoisiec. the intellectualsd. common people31. Who was the greatest dramatist in the 18th century?a. Goldsmithb. Sheridanc. Sterned. Fielding32. Which play is regarded as the best English comedy since Shakespeare?a. She Stoops to Conquerb. The Rivalsc.The School for Scandald. The ConsciousLovers33. Chaucer was the first important poet of royal court to write in______ after the Norman Conquest.a. Frenchb. Latinc. Englishd. Greek34. Shylock is a character in the play _______.a. T amburlain written by Marloweb. Othello written by Shakespearec. The Jew of Malta written by Marlowed.The Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare35. “To err, is human, to forgive, divine” and “ A little learning is adangerous thing.” are taken from the poems written by ______.a. John Miltonb. Francis Baconc. William Shakespeared. Alexander Pope36. The Deserted Village is a ___________.a. sentimental poemb. romantic poemc. neo-classical poemd. allegorical poem37. In English Poetry the phrase …the deep‟ is often referred to _______.a. the hellb. the heartc. the sead. the grave38. At the turn of the 18th and 19th century, ______ appeared as a newliterary trend in England.a. Renaissanceb. Reformationc. Romanticismd. Sentimentalism39. Of Truth was written by a British essayist_______.a. William Shakespeareb. George Bernad Shawc. Francis Bacond. John Donne40. “Gold? Y ellow, glittering, precious gold! Thus much of this willmake black white, fool fair, wrong right, base noble, old young, coward valiant…”These lines are taken from ________ by Shakespeare.a. Volponeb. As you like itc. The School for Scandald. Timon of Athens41. “ Conceit” is a term applied in particular to the school representedby_______.a. Herrickb. Ben Jonsonc. Poped. John Donne42. The general spirit of Shakespeare‟s first period comedies is _______.a. youthfulness with melancholyb. pessimism with youthfulnessc. optimism with youthfulnessd. optimism with melancholy43. _____ is one of Shakespeare‟s famous four tragedies.a. Romeo and Julietb. Julius Caesarc. Anthony and Claopatrad. Othello44. The Merchant of Venice belongs to Shakespeare‟s play s of ______inwhich Shakespeare highly praises the wits and wisdom of the heroin______ .a. Sophiab. Portiac. Ophiliad. Olivia45. One of the following plays takes its subject matter from Chinesehistory.a. Henry VIb. Everyone in His Humorc. The Riva lsd. Tamburlain46. Piers the Plowman is a realistic picture of _____ England, whichindignantly satirized the ____ prevailing among the ruling classes, ecclesiastical and secular world.a. Renaissance/ corruptionb. medieval /realityc. medieval /corruptiond. Renaissance/ reality47. One of the following writers is not known as a sonnet poet is_______.a. Wyattb. Shakespearec. Greened. Spencer48. Mephistophilis is a _______.a. soldierb. devil‟s servantc. king‟s clownd. noble man49. Thomas More was killed because of ______.a. his disagreement with the princeb. his treason of Englandc. his plot against King Henry VIIId. his disagreement with the king‟s divorce and the religiousbelief50. More is known as a writer, statesman and _______.a. humanistb. merchantc. socialistd. soldier51. All the following writers created the sonnet sequence except______.a. Shakespeareb. Thomas Morec. Spenser c. Sidney52. Apology for Poetry is a_______.a. sonnetb. literary criticismc. noveld. play53. Of the following, the one that employs the form of romance is_______.a. Euphuesb. Amorettic. Of Studiesd. V enus and Adonis54. The “Mighty line” in Marlowe‟s play means________.a. blank verseb. sonnetc. coupletd. free verse55. The one who first made blank verse the principal instrument ofEnglish drama is ______.a. Surryb. Marlowec. Shakespeared. Ben Jonson56. The recurrent theme of Marlowe‟s plays is the praise of ______.a. capitalismb. churchc. feudalismd. individualism57. All the heroes of Marlowe‟s plays end with ______.a. happinessb. triumphc. tragedyd. insult58. The literary genre which best represents the literary achievement inRenaissance is _____.a. novelb. dramac. poetryd. romance59. Thomas More‟s masterpiece Utopia was written in _______.a. Frenchb. Englishc. Latind. Greek60. Astrophel and Stalla was written by the author who also wrote _____.a. Amorettib. As Y ou like Itc. Apology for Poetryd. Dr. Faustus61. The poet who wrote the first sonnet sequence in English literature also wrote _____.a. The Shepherds’ calendarb. Apology for Poetryc. Hamletd. Alchemist62. The soldier, the poet, the critic, the courtier, all the titles can be applied to one of the following writers.a. Spenserb. Marlowec. Sidneyd. Ben Jonson63. Spenser is famous for his _______.a. musical rhythmb. colorful imagesc. symbolsd. all of the above64. Test of courage, faith and loyalty is the theme of a _____.a. romanceb. novelc. playd. ballad65. La Mort e’d Arthur describes the war, the tournament, illicit love and the quest for ______.a. Christb. Holly Grailc. Bibled. King Arthur66. All the following figures appear in the work La Morte’d Arthu r, except_______.a. King Arthurb. Gueneverec. Lancelotd. Tamburlain67. La Moret’d Arthur marked the ____ of the romance in England.A. falling b. risingc. summitd. ending68. The English Romantic Movement began in the 1798 when “Lyrical Ballads” was published, and ended in1832 when ______.a. Jane Austain diedb. Scott diedc. Wordsworth diedd. Shelley69. Quotation and the author are correctly paired in all the followings except______.a.a. “I might boast myself La V ainqueur”----- Johnsonb.b. “A little learning is a dangerous thing.” ------ Popec. c. A Truthful artist’s duty was to produce humann ature”------ Wordsworthd.d. Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” ---------Shakespeare.70. Virtue Rewarded in the novel by Richardson means___________.a.a. Shopia was married to Mr. B finally.b.b. Pamela was kicked out of Mr. B’s place.c. c. Shopia was married to Tom Jones at last.d.d. Pamela was married to T om Jones.71. The Spectator was started in the ______century.a. early 18thb. late 19thc. the late 18thd. early 19th72. The figure of speech used in the article A modest Proposal is called _____.a. satireb. paradoxc. ironyd. pun73. The Rape of the Lock gives an account of ______.a. bull fightingb. a knight duelc. a writer’s lifed. an anecdote of the court74. At the end of the History of T om Jones, a Foundling,________.a. Blifil was hangedb. T om was put in jail againc. Shopia divorced with T omd. None of the above75. Richardson was noted as a storyteller, letter-writer and a ______ as well.a. criticb. moralizerc. poetd. playwright76. The couplet, originally French, was made full use by ______.a. Popeb. Donnec. Chaucerd. Johnson77. All of the followings were from Ireland except________.a. Sheridanb. Goldsmithc. Swiftd. Blake78. The pair not correct associated is _______.a. Blake----engraverb. Goldsmith______poet and novelistc. Fielding ____playwrightd. Richardson _____poet79.The Sentimental School includes all of the following writers except_______.a. Thomas Cowperb. Thomas Grayc. Richardsond. Swift80. Milton was nicknamed “the lady of the Christ” because he was ______.a. a ladyb. as serious as a ladyc. as hansom as a ladyd. as gentle as a lady答案；1-5 a a c b b 6-10 c c d b a11-15 b a a b d 16-20 a c a c d21-25 c d d d d 26-30 b a a a b31-35 b c c d d 36-40. a c d b d41-45. d c d b d 46-50. b c b d a.51-55. b b a a b56-60. d c b c c61-65. b c d a b66-70. d c b c b71-75. a c d d b76-80. a d d d c二，名词解释1. EnlightenmentEnlightenment is a progressive intellectual movement, which swept over England and other lands in Western Europe in the18th century. Enlightenment freed and reformed the thinking of man. Enlighteners strove to clear away the feudal remnants and replace them by bourgeois ideologue.2.Blank verseUnrhymed iambic pentameter. See also Meter. In the 1540s Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, seems to have originated it in English as the equivalent of Virgil's unrhymed dactylic hexameter. In Gorboduc (1561), Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton introduced blank verse into the drama, whence it soared with Marlowe and Shakespeare in the 1590s. Milton forged it anew for the epic in Paradise Lost (1667).3. Fable(1) A short, allegorical story in verse or prose, frequently of animals, told to illustrate a moral. (2) The story line or plot of a narrative or drama. (3) Loosely, any legendary or fabulous account.4. RomanceAny imaginative literature that is set in an idealized world and that deals with heroic adventures and battles between good characters and villains or monsters. Originally, the term referred to a medieval tale dealing with the loves and adventures of kings, queens, knights, and ladies, and including unlikely or supernatural happenings. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the best of the medieval romances.edy of mannersIts concern is to bring the moral and social behavior of its characters to the test of comic laughter. The male hero lives not for military glory but for pleasure and the conquests thathe can achieve in his amorous campaigns. The object of his very practical game of sexual intrigue is a beautiful, witty, pleasure loving, and emancipated lady, every bit his equal in the strategies of love. The two are distinguished not for virtue but for the true wit and well-bred grace with which they conduct the often complicated intrigue that makes up the plot.6. HumorA humor is a theory used by Ben Jonson in his play writing. A humor, according to the physiology and the psychology of the time, was one of the liquid constituents of the body, each of which had its peculiar emotional propensity. Every character in Jonson’s comedies personifies a definite humor, so his characters are like caricatures.7. NovelThe extended prose fiction that arose in the 18th century to become a major literary expression of the modern world. The term comes from the Italian novella, the short "new" tale of intrigue and moral comeuppance most eminently disseminated by Boccaccio's Decameron (1348-1353). The terms novel and romance, from the French roman, competed interchangeably for most of the 18th century.三．阅读题Passage 1To die, to sleepNo more and by a sleep to say we endThe heartache, and the thousand natural shocksThat flesh is heir to, ‟tis a consummationDevotedly to be wished. To die, to sleepTo sleep-perchance to dream: ay there‟s the rub,For in that sleep of death what dream may come?When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,Must give us a pause. There‟s the respectThat makes calamity of so long life.For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,The oppressor‟s wrong, the proud man‟s contumelyThe pangs of despised love, the law‟s delay,The insolence of office, and the spurns,The patient merit of th‟ unworthy takesQUESTION:1. These lines are taken from a famous play named________.2. The author of the play is____________.3. In the play these lines are uttered by ____________.4. About the utterance what does the speech show?Passage 2What though the field be lost?All is not lost: the unconquerable will,And study of revenge, immortal hate,And courage never to submit or yield:And what is else not to be overcome?That glory never shall his wrath or mightExtort from me. To bow and sue for graceWith suppliant knee, and deify his powerWho, from the terror of this arm, so lateDoubted his empire-that were low indeed;That were an ignominy and shame beneathThis downfall; since, by fate, the strength of godsAnd this empyreal substance, cannot fail;Questions:1. These lines are written in __________.2. In the second line …the unconquerable will‟ refers to the will of _____.a. Zeusb. Satanc. Godd. Adam3. These lines are taken from a very famous ________ entitled ________.4. Who is the author of this poem?5. What‟s the central theme of these lines?6. What do you think of the writing features of the passage?Passage 3My friend Roger, being a good churchman, has beautified the inside of his church with several texts of his own choosing; he has likewise given a handsome pulpit cloth, and railed in the communion table at his own expense. He has often told me that, at his coming to his estate, he found his parishioners very irregular; and that in order to make them kneel and join in the responses, he gave every one of them a hassock and a Common Prayer book, and at the same time employed an itinerantsinging masters, who goes about the country for that purpose, to instruct them rightly in the tunes of the Psalms, and indeed outdo most of the country churches that have ever heard.Questions:1. This passage is taken from a periodical named______.2. The Title of the passage is ___________________.3. The …I” in the passage is supposed to be _____________a. Mr. Spectatorb. Addisonc. Steel4. What kind of person is Sir Roger?5. What is the writing features of the passage?Passage 4:I lay down on the grass, which was very short and soft, where I slept sounder than ever I remember to have done in my life, and as I reckoned, above nine hours; for when I awaked, it was just daylight. I attempted to rise, but was not able to stir: for as I happened to lie on my back, I found my arms and legs were strongly fastened on each side to the ground; and my hair, which was long and thick, tied down in the same manner. .I likewise felt several slender figures across my body, from my armpits to my thighs. I could only look upwards; the sun began to grow hot, and the light offended my eyes. I heard a confused noise about me, but in the posture I lay, could see nothing except the sky. In a little time, I felt something alive moving on my left leg, which advancing gently forward over my breast, came almost up to my chin; when bending my eyes downwards as much as I could, I perceived it to be a human creature not six inches high, with a bow and arrow in his hands, and a quiver at his back.Questions:1. this passage is taken from a well-known book written by______.2. The …I‟ in the passage was dropped in a str ange country, the name of which is _______.3. The title of the book is__________.4. The …I‟ in the passage is ______________.5. what is the writing features of the passage?Passage 5I profess, in the sincerity of my heart, that I have not the least personal interest in endeavoring to promote this necessary work, having no other motive than the public good of my country, by advancing our trade, propose to get a single penny; the youngest being nine years old, and mywife past childbearing.Questions:1. This passage is taken from a well-known essayentitled___________________________.2. The author of the article is ______________________.3. What is the most striking features of the article?Passage 6A little black thing among the snowCrying “weep, weep, weep,” in notes of woe!“Where are your father and mother? Say?”“They are both gone up to the church to pray.”“Because I was happy upon the hearth,And smil‟d among the winter‟s snow;They think they have done me no injury,And are gone to praise God and His Priest and King,Who make up a heaven of our misery.”Questions:1. What is the little black thing refers to_________?2.What‟s the title of the poem? _________3.Who make up a heaven of our misery.” _________4. What do you know from the line “ …and are gone to praise God and his Priest and King?”5. Comment on the little speaker‟s narrative.Passage 7Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight,And all the air a solemn stillness holds,Save where the beetle wheels droning flight,And drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds.Save that from under ivy-mantled towerThe moping owl does to the moon complainOf such, as wandering near her secret bower,Molest her ancient solitary reign.Questions:1. Those two stanzas are taken from-__________by _______.2.The poem is written in the metrical meter of ______ pentameter.3. The sequence time of the poem is from __________ to___________, together with the country scene especially the cemetery inthe churchyard to foil the sadness and melancholy.4. This poem can be regarded as the typical poem of __________, or maybe you can call it a poem of ________.why do you feel about this?Passage 8How the chimney-sweeper‟s cryEvery black‟ning chu rch appalls;And the hapless soldier‟s sighRuns down palace walls.But most thro‟ mid-night streets I hearHow the youthful harlots curseBlasts the new-born infant‟s tear,And blights with plagues the marriage hearse.Questions:1.What is title of the poem?2. Where is this poem taken from_________.3. Who is the writer of this poem.4. The theme of this poem is _____________________________. ANSWER TO passage 11.“Hamlet”2. Shakespeare3. Hamlet4.“To be or not to be” means to live or end one‟s life by self-destruction. Hamlet has already spoken of suicide as a means of escape, and he dwells on it in a later part of this very speech, giving however a different reason for refraining. The notion that in the words “or not to be ”he is speculating on the possibility of “something after death”---whether there is a future life –cannot be entertained for a moment. The whole drift of the speech shows his belief in a future life. Practically the whole speech has become proverbial as an outpouring of utter worldly weariness. ANSWER TO passage 2:1. A2. B3.“Paradise Lost”4.John Milton5.In this passage, God is depicted as a despot “Who now triumph, and in the excess of joy/sole reigning holds the T yranny of Heaven;” whil e in contrast Satan is presented as the real hero, a rebel with “the unconquerable will, And courage never to submit or yield.” The epic turns out to be an eloquent expression of the revolutionary spirit of the English bourgeois revolution, a call to resist tyranny and to continue the fight for freedom. Herein lies the great significance of the passage and the work as well.ton is difficult to read, because of his involved style with frequent inversions and very complicated sentence structure. His sentences are often long. Y et, to express his sublimity of thought, he wrote in a style that is unsurpassed in its sonority, eloquence, majesty and grandeur—the “Miltonic” style. He is a great master of the blank verse. His lines are rich in the variations of rhythm and pause.ANSWER TO passage 3:1.The Spectator2.Sir Roger at the Church3. a4.Sir Roger represents the country gentry. He is a country gentleman of old fashioned manners. He stands for the old-fashioned virtues of simplicity, honesty, and piety. His foibles, which are describes with a gentle humor, make a setting for his virtues, which point an example to the world of fashion. He is created as a character fit in the novel.5.The periodical literature in “The Spectator” maintained its tone of courtesy and good breeding. Such prose is easy to understand yet capable of variety and beauty. Just as Dr. Johnson described, “His prose is the model of the middle style; on grave subjects not formal, on light occasions not graveling; pure without scrupulosity, and exact without apparent elaboration; always equable, and always easy, without glowing words or printed sentences.”ANSWER TO passage 4:1.Swift2.Lilliput3.Gulliver’s Travels4.Lemuel Gulliver5.The style is characterized by directness, simplicity and vividness. The most grotesque creations are combined with the bitterest satire.ANSWER TO passage 51. “A Modest Proposal”2. Jonathan Swift3. A Mod est Proposal is an example of Swift’s favorite satiric devices used with superb effect. Irony (from the deceptive adjective “modest” in the title to the very last sentence) pervades the piece. A rigorous logic deduces ghastly arguments from a shocking premise so quietly assumed that the reader assents before he is aware of what his assent implies. Parody, at which Swift is adept, allows him to glance sardonically at, by then , the familiar figure of the benevolent humanitarian (forerunner of the modern sociologist, social worker, economic planner) concerned to correct a social evil by means of a theoretically conceived plan. The proposer, as naïve as he is apparently logical and kindly, ignores and therefore emphasizes for the reader the enormity of his plan. The whole piece is an elaboration of a rather trite metaphor: “The English are devouring the Irish.” But there is nothing trite about the pamphlet, which expresses in Swift’s most controlled style his pity for the oppressed, ignorant, populous, and hungry Catholic peasants of Ireland, and his anger at the rapacious English absentee landlords, who were bleeding the country white with the silent approbation of Parliament, ministers, and the Crown.ANSWER TO passage 6:1. It refers to the poor little boy who has been made black because of their sweeping. Chimneys.-2.The title of the poem is “The Chimney-Sweeper”3. It was the “God and Priest and king” who together build a Heaven of misery for the weak and the poor.4. The language of this short lyric, though, very simple, yet somewhat ironical satirical which reveals his understanding and knowledge of the source of the misery and sufferings of the poor and the weak.ANSWER TO passage 7:1. Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, Thomas Gray2. quatrains, iambic3. dusk, darkness4. sentimentalism, graveyard schoolSentimentalism seemed to have appeared hand in hand with the rise of realistic English novel. Sentimentalism often relates to sentimentality and sensibility in some literary works . In Poetry, we have Thomas Gray’s “An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”, not mention the various odes of sensibility which flourished in the later half of the century.ANSWER TO passage 8:。
英国文学复习
A. Please point out the author of the following works1. The Canterbury Tales ______Geoffrey chaucer___________________2.. Macbeth _______William Shakespeare__________________3. The Pilgrim’s Progress ___ (John Bunyan) ______________________4.New instrument Francis bacon5. Gulliver’s Travels __Jonathan swift_______________________6 I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud _______Williamwordsworth__________________7. Samson Agonistes john milton8. The Review Daniel Defoe9.A Modest Proposal jonathan swift_10. Northanger AbbeyB. Multiple Choice（one point for each）1. The only complete piece of epic in old English is ________.A. The Geste of Robin HoodB. BeowulfC. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightD. Mort d’Arthur2. ________ is the main literary trend in the first period of the English Enlightenment.A. RealismB. RomanticismC. Neo-classicismD. Sentimentalism3. The rise and growth of the ________ is the most prominent achievement of the 18th century English literature.A. romantic poetryB. realistic novelC. neo-classical poetryD. sentimental novel4. Most of Shakespeare’s best plays were written in the ________ period of his dramaticcareer.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth5. John Milton is a great poet in the period of English ________.A. feudalismB. RenaissanceC. Bourgeois RevolutionD. Enlightenment6. ________ is regarded as“Father of English Prose”, who was the first to write essays in the English language.A. BedeB. AlfredC. Francis BaconD. Samuel Johnson7. The well-known soliloquy by Hamlet“To be or not to be…”shows his ________.A. hatred for his uncleB. love for lifeC. resolution of revengeD. inner strife8. _____ is defined as an expression of human emotion which iscondensed into fourteen lines (2006年真题第37题)A. Free verseB. SonnetC. OdeD. Epigram9. The novel Emma is written by________.（2005年真题第35题）A. Mary ShelleyB. Charlotte BronteC. GaskellD. Jane Austen10.“It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.” The quoted part is taken from . .A Jane EyreB Wuthering HeightsC Pride and PrejudiceD Senseand Sensibility11. Because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior, has brought the English novel, as an art of form, to its maturity.A. Charlotte BronteB. Jane AustenC. Emily BronteD. Ann Radcliffe12.Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies are.A. Romeo and Juliet King Lear Othello Hamlet.B. Othello Hamlet. Macbeth The Merchant of ViceC. Hamlet Macbeth King Lear OthelloD. Romeo and Juliet The Merchant of Vice Othello Hamlet.13. The Petrarchan sonnet was first introduced into England by ______.A. SurreyB. WyattC. SidneyD. Shakespeare14. “To be, or not to be - that is the question;/Whether’ tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,/Or to take arms against a sea of troubles ,/And by opposing end then?” These lines are taken from ______.A. King LearB. Romeo and JulietC. OthelloD. Hamlet15. Daniel Defoe’s ______ is universally considered as his masterpiece.A. Colonel JackB. Robinson CrusoeC. Captain SingletonD. A Journal of the Plague Year16. The Renaissance marks a transition from ______ to the modern world.A. the old EnglishB. the medievalC. the feudalistD. the capitalist17. “Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I amsoulless and heartless? ... And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. ” The quoted lines are most probably taken from ________.A. Great ExpectationsB. Wuthering HeightsC. Jane EyreD. Pride and Prejudice18. John Milton’s greatest poetical work ________ is the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf.A. AreopagiticaB. Paradise LostC. LycidasD. Samson AgonistesC. Blank Filling.1. The story in“Hamlet”comes from an old ___Danish_____________ legend.2. Sir Thomas Wyatt first brought the sonnet to England from ______Petrarchan__________.3. Paradise Lost is a long ______poem__________ divided into 12 books.4 Geoffrey Chaucer is the founder of English poetry, his masterpiece is the Canterbury Tales , written in the form of Heroic couplet , contains 24 tales.5. Daniel Defoe is the forerunner of English realistic novel.6. John Donne is the representative of Metaphysical poets.7.Shakespeare produces38 plays, 154 sonnets.8.Chaucer died on October 25th, 1400, was buried in Westminster Abbey .9.In describing Robinson’s life on the island, Defoe glorifies human Labor .10 In Jane Austin’s masterpiece, Pride and Prejudice, Darcy stands for pride, and Elizabeth stands for prejudice.E．Reading ComprehensionRead the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.”Questions:A.Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines aretaken. Sonnet 18 William shakespeare the figure of speech employed in the poem.C.Alliteration 头韵personification 拟人inversion 倒装D.What is the theme of the poem.E.In this world no beauty (in Nature) can stay except inpoetry or art (your beauty can last only if I put it down in my poetry).F.D. Questions.1. Make a comment on one of the following writers.(at least 150words)Francis Bacon, Daniel Defoe, Jane Austen.2 .Make a comment on Shakespeare’s artistic achievement.38play 154 sonnentA. shakespeare’s major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones; they represent certain types; they are individ uals representing certain types. By employing a psychoanalytical a pproach, Shakespeare succeeds in exploring the characters’ inn er world. Shakespeare also portrays his characters in pairs. Contras ts are frequently used to bring vividness to his characters.B. Shakespeare seldom invents his own plot; instead, he borro ws them from old plays or storybook, fron ancient Greek or Roman sources. In order to make the play more lively and compact, he wo uld shorten the time and intensify the story. There are usually sever al clues running through the play, thus providing the story with the suspense and apprehension.C. Shakespeare can write skillfully in different poetic forms, such a s the sonnet, the blank verse and the rhymed couplet. He has an am azing wealth of vocabulary and idiom. His coinage of new words a nd distortion of the meaning of the old words also creates striking e ffects on the readers.3. Jane Eyre is one of the most popular and important novels of the Victorian Age. Why is Jane Eyre such a successful novel?A. it is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing socity.B. it is an intense moral fable.C. the success of the novel is also due to its introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine4. “Wives are young men’s mistresses, companions for middle age,and old men’s nurses, so as a man may have a quarrel to marry when he will.” Do you agree with the statement? Talk about your reason.5. Daniel Defoe’s novel Robinson Crusoe was a great successpartly because the protagonist was a real middle-class hero.Discuss Crusoe, the protagonist of the novel, as an embodiment of the rising middle-class virtues in the mid-eighteenth century England. Talk about your reason.A. Social background: The Eighteenth Century England witnessed the growing importance of thebourgeois or middle class.a. The Industrial Revolutionb. The expansion of international markets;c. Values/virtues/moral standards/...different from those of the feudal aristocratic class -courageous,full of energy, hard working, practical, resourceful, self-reliant, etc; thusd. Literature should give/provide a realistic presentation of the life of the common people; it shouldmeet the demand/interest of the middle class people.B. Robinson Crusoe embodies the virtue of the middle class people.a. Crusoe as an adventurous/courageous man full of energy and courage: (example from the text):b. Crusoe as a practical man: (example from the text);c. Crusoe as a resourceful/self-reliant man: (example from the text);d. Crusoe as a patient/persistent man: (example from the text);e. And others.Reference：Social background: The Eighteenth Century England witnessed the growing importance of the bourgeois or middle class.a The industrial revolutionb The expansion of international marketsc Values/virtues/moral standards/…….different from those of the feudal aristocratic class---courageous, full of energy, hard working, practical, resourceful, self-reliant, etc.d Literature should give/ provide a realistic presentation of the life of the common people; it should meet the demand/interest of the middle class people.Robinson Crusoe embodies the virtues of the middle class people.a Crusoe as an adventurous/courageous man full of energy and courage(example from the text);b Crusoe as a practical man(example from the text)c Crusoe as a resourceful/self-reliant man(example from the text)d Crusoe as a patient/persistent man(example from the text)e And others.。
英国文学复习题 PPT
1. Who is the “father of English poetry” and one of the Choose the right answer. greatest narrative poets of England?
D
• Byron’s Byronic hero appears first in ________.
C
C. Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage A. a sailor B. a knight
• The Rime of the Ancient Mariner tells an adventurous story of ________.
2. It was Martin Luther, a German Protestant, who initiated the ______________. Reformation
3. ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้he Elizabethan ________, in its totality, is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance literature. drama 4. The Reformation in England was in its full swing when ____________ declared himself through the approval of the Parliament as the Supreme Head of the Church of England in Henry VIII 1534.
英国文学复习题含答案
___________I. Multiple Choice: from a, b, c or d, choose the best one to complete the statements below. (1×50, 50 points) 1.--------- is the first important religious poet in English literature.a. John Donneb. George Herbertc. Caedmond. Milton2.The literature of the Anglo-Saxon period falls naturally into two divisions, ---------- and Christian.a. Paganb. Romanc. Frenchd. Danish3.“----------”is the oldest poem in the English language, and also the surviving epic in the English language.a. Beowulfb. Sir Gawain and Green Knightc. The Canterbury Talesd. Hamlet 4.Fielding has been regarded by some as the“----------”for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.a.Best Writer of English Novelb. Father of English Novelc. Father of English Poetryd. Father of EnglishEssay5.All of the following three writers except---------- are the most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England.a.Marloweb. Shakespearec. Bacond.Thomas Kyd6.Byronic Hero was created by Lord Byron in one of his following works ---------.a. Don Juanb. Ode to the West windc. She Walks in Beautyd. Daffodils 7.Which play is not Shakespeare's tragedy? ----------a.Othellob. The Merchant of Venicec.Romeo and Julietd. King Lear 8.The literary form of The Faerie Queen is ----------.a. lyric poemb. narrative poemc. epic poemd. elegy9.Which of the following cannot correctly describe the English Enlightenment Movement ----------?a.It flourished in France.b. It was a furtherance of the Renaissance.c.Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world. d. It emphasized “reason & order.”10.“Blindness, partiality, prejudice and absurdity”in the novel Pride and Prejudice are most likely to be the characteristics of ----------.a. Elizabethb. Darcyc. Mrs. Bennetd.Lydia 11.The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is the----------.a. Frenchb. Latinc. romanced. science 12.The story of “----------”is the culmination of the Arthurian metricalromances.a.Sir Gawain and the Green Knightb. Beowulfc.Piers the Plowmand. The Canterbury Tales 13.Chaucer, the‘father of English poetry' and one of the greatest ----------1poets of England, was born in London about 1340, and was the first to be buried in the Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey. a. lyrical b. blank verse c. narrative d. ballad 14.Which kind of metrical form was adopted by Chaucer in The Canterbury Tales? a. London dialect b. Heroic Couplet c. sonnet d. elegy 15.Generally speaking, Chaucer's works fall into three main groups corresponding roughly to the three periods of his adult life. Which period is wrong? a.The period of French influence (1359-1372) b.The period of Italian influence(1372-1386) c.The period of English influence (1386-1400) d.The period of American influence (1371-1382) 16.--------- was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature. a. Thomas Wyatt b. William Shakespeare c. Philip Sidney d. Thomas Campion 17. The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama. It was ---------- who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.a. Edmund Spenserb. Thomas Lodgec. Christopher Marlowed. Thomas More 18.Absolute monarchy in England reached its summitduring the reign of Queen ----------.a. Maryb. Elizabethc. Victoriad. William 19.English Renaissance Period was an age of ----------.a. prose and novelb. poetry and dramac. essays and journalsd. ballads and songs 20.From the following, choose the one that is not Francis Bacon's work. ----------a.The Advancement of Learningb. Essaysc.Maxims of the Lawd. Othello 21.English Renaissance Period was not an age of prose, but Thomas More wrote his famous prose work ----------.a. Of Studiesb. Robinson Crusoec. Gulliver's Travelsd. Utopia 22.Which play is not Shakespeare's comedy? ---------a.A Midsummer Night's Dreamb. The Merchant of Venicec.Romeo and Julietd. As You Like It23. ----------, considered John Milton's masterpiece, vividly tells the story ofSatan's rebellion against God and his tempting of Adam and Eve to eat theforbidden fruit of the tree of knowledge.a. Paradise Regainedb. Biblec. The Pilgrim's Progressd. Paradise Lost 24.---------- was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western th Europe in the 18 century.a. The Renaissanceb. The Enlightenmentc. The Religious Reformationd. The Chartist Movement2th century, England produces two great the last 20 years of the 1825.In pre-romantic poets. They were ----------.a. Johnson and Blakeb. Grey and Youngc. Pope and Goldsmithd. Blake and Burns th26.The 18-century witnessed that in England there appeared two political parties, ----------, which were satirized by Swift in his Gulliver's Travels. a.The Whigs and the Toriesb.The senate and the House of Representativesc.The upper House and lower Housed.The House of Lords and the House of Commons thrd The critical realism in 19-century England has been considered as the 327.important literary achievement after the ancient Greek tragedy and the Renaissance drama. It has some basic characteristics as follows except: ----------a.Truthful reflection of the society with superb artistic styleb.Violent exposure and criticism with profound humanismc. Harmonious unity between the characters and situationd. The use of simple and common language 28.The Romantic Age began with the publication of Lyrical Ballads, which was written by ----------.a. William Wordsworthb. Samuel Johnsonc. Samuel Taylor Coleridged. Wordsworth andColeridge 29.Which poet did not belong to the Lakers? a. Coleridge b. Wordsworth c. Southey d. Keats 30.Choose the ode that is not written by Keats. ----------a. Ode to the West Windb. Ode to a Nightingalec. To Autumnd. Ode on a Grecian Urn 31.Choose the work that was not written by Jane Austen. ----------a. Emmab. Sense and Sensibilityc. Mansfield Parkd. Jane Eyre 32.English critical realism found its expression chiefly in the form of ----------. a. novel b. drama c. poetry d. prose 33.Which of the following writers did not belong to English critical realists? a. Charles Dickens b. Charlotte Bronte c. Daniel Defoe d. W. M. Thackeray 34.Dickens's David Copperfield is often regarded as the semi-autobiography of the writer in which the early life of the hero is largely based on the author's early life, while his --------- is set against the backdrop of the French Revolution.a. Oliver Twistb. Great Expectationsc. Hard Timesd. A Tale of Two Cities 35.The sub-title of Vanity Fair is ‘---------'. a.A Pure Woman Faithfully Portrayed b. The Spirit and the Flesh c.A Novel Without a Hero d. Sense and Sensibility 36.In the novel Jane Eyre, Charlotte has some basic subject matters to express as follows except----------.a.pours a great deal of her own experienceb.criticizes the American bourgeois system of educationc.shows that true love is the foundation of marriaged.shows that women should have equal rights with men337.James Joyce was one of the foremost writers of --------- novels. a. critical realist b. Gothic c. stream of consciousness d. romantic historical38. The first English essayist Francis Bacon composed, during his lifetime,numerous prose work, and --------- is unmistakably among the most eloquent and elegant essays produced in English Renaissance.a. Of Studiesb. Ode to the West Windc. The Tigerd. Don Juan th-century Irish writers, who is the spokesman for Among the following 2039.the school of “Art for Art's Sake”? ---------- a. Bernard Shaw b. Oscar Wilde c. James Joyce d. W. B. Yeats 40. Wordsworth believes that ---------- can inspires poetry, and it is his nurse, guide, guardian and anchor of his thoughts.a. natureb. Godc. loved. wealth 41.Although writing from different points of view and with different techniques, writers in the Victorian Period shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about ----------.a.the love story of the richb. the future of their countryc.the fate of common peopled. the love-making of the middle class people 42.--------- lays the foundation for modern science with his insistence on scientific way of thinking and fresh observation rather than authority as a basis for obtaining knowledge.a. Charles Dickensb. Francis Baconc. Thomas Hardyd. Thomas More 43.The following comments on Daniel Defoe are true except ---------.a.Robinson Crusoe is his first novel.b.He is a member of the upper class.c.Robinson Crusoe is universally considered his masterpiece.d.He embarked on a new career—the writing of novel—when he was 60.44.The term “metaphysical poetry”is commonly used to name the work of the th-century writers who wrote under the influence of ----------. 17a. John Donne b. John Keats c. John Milton d. John Bunyan 45.The cradle of the Renaissance is ----------.a. Germanyb. Englandc. Italyd. Franceth46.The middle of the 18 century was predominated by a newly rising literary form that is the modern English ----------, which gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people.a. proseb. novelc. tragicomedyd. drama 47.Which of the following writings did Wordsworth not create? ------c--a.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloudb. The Solitary Reaperc.TheChimney Sweeper d. The Prelude 48.Which of the following writings is not the work by Dickens? ca. A Tale of Two Citiesb. Hard Timesc. Sons and Loversd. Oliver Twist 49.The Victorian Age was largely an age of ---------, eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.a. poetryb. dramac. essayd. novel450. The 23-year-old Austen composed three novels, and among them, FirstImpressions was early version of --00------.a. Pride & Prejudiceb. Sense & Sensibilityc. Emmad. Northanger AbbeyⅡ. Reading Comprehension: read the following selected parts carefully, andgive the best answer to the relevant questions. (0.5×50, 25 points)Part 1 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed, And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed: But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st, So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.Questions:51.This is one of Shakespeare's best known ----------.a. sonnetsb. balladsc. songs52.It runs in iambic pentameter rhymed ----------.a. abba abba cdcd cdb. abab cdcd efef gg53. The 14 lines include three quatrains together with the lasttwo lines as ---------- which completes the sense of the lines above.a. preludeb. coupletc. epigraph 54. The theme of this poem is ----------.a. loveb. friendshipc. immortality of arts Part 2 I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.Questions:55.This is the first two stanza of a poem that is written by5--------.a. Byronb. Wordsworthc. Keats 56.The title of the poem is ----------.a. To Autumnb. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloudc. TheSolitary Reaper57.The poem's theme is about ----------.a. beauty of natureb. country lifec.love58.The poet adopts one kind of figure of speech: ---------- to describe the flowers in the poem.a. personificationb. alliterationc.conceit59.The rhyme scheme in each stanza is ----------.a. abababb. ababccc. abcdcd Part 3IT is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one orother of their daughters. Questions:60. This passage is the opening of a novel entitled ----------.a. Sense and Sensibilityb. Pride and Prejudicec. Jane Eyre61.The writer of the novel is the first famous womannovelist—---------.a. George Eliotb. Charlotte Brontec. Jane Austen 62.The story in this novel is based on the lovemaking of the th young people in the ------- families in 18-century England. a. upper-middle-class b. aristocratic c. royal Part 4 That's my last Duchess painted on the wall, Looking as if she were alive. I call That piece a wonder, now: FràPandolf's hands Worked busily a day, and there she stands. Will 't please you sit and look at her? I said 'FràPandolf' by design, for never read Strangers like you that pictured countenance, Questions:63. These lines are quoted from the poem entitled-------.a. Songb. My Last Duchessc. When We Two Parted 64. It was composed by the outstanding poet -------.a. Robert Browningb. Lord Byronc. William Wordsworth65. In the famous piece, the form of ------- is skillfully employed.a. balladb. dramatic monologuec. blank versePart 5 GO and catch a falling star,6Get with child a mandrake root, Tell me where all past years are, Or who cleft the devil's foot,Teach me to hear mermaids singing, Or to keep off envy's stinging,And find What windServes to advance an honest mind. If thou be'st born to strange sights, Things invisible to see,Ride ten thousand days and nights, Till age snow white hairs on thee, Thou, when thou return'st, wilt tell me, All strange wonders that befell thee, And swear, No where Lives a woman true and fair. Questions:66.These are the first 2 stanzas of the poem written by ------- inth17-century England.a. John Miltonb. John Donnec. John Bunyan 67.The poet is the most outstanding figure of the poetic school of“-------”during this period. a. Graveyard Poets b. Metaphysical Poets c. Romantic poets68.He was appointed by King James I in 1621 as the dean of------- and he held this post till his last day. a. Westminster Abbey b. St. Paul Cathedral c. Canterbury Cathedral69.Besides his unique love poetry, he is also famous for his religious-------.a. poetryb. sermonsc. plays70.This group of poets prefers to use an elaborate and surprisingfigure of speech, -------, to express ideas in a sharp and harsh manner, by comparing two very dissimilar things.a. conceitb. similarc. alliteration Part 6I tell you I must go! I retorted, roused to something like passion. Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton?--a machine without feelings? and can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong!--I have as much soul asyou,--and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh;--it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the7grave, and we stood at God's feet, equal,--as we are! Questions:71.This passage is taken from the novel “-------”. a. Emma b. Wuthering Heights c. Jane Eyre 72.The author of the work is-------.a. Jane Austenb. Emily Brontec. Charlotte Bronte73.The speaker in the passage is -------.a. Cathyb. Lydiac. Jane 74.The character is passionately emphasizing the significance of------- between men and women.a. marriageb. equalityc. relationship75.The character is speaking to -------.a. Mr. Rochesterb. Mr. Bingleyc. Mr. Bennet Part 7 `I have been hoping, longing, praying, to make you happy! I have thought what joy it will be to do it, what an unworthy wife I shall be if I do not! That's what I have felt, Angel!' `I know that.' `I thought, Angel, that you loved me - me, my very self! If it is I you do love, O how can it be that you look and speak so? It frightens me! Having begun to love you, I love you for ever - in all changes, in all disgraces, because you are yourself. I ask no more. Then how can you, O my own husband, stop loving me?' `I repeat, the woman I have been loving is not you.' `But who?' `Another woman in your shape.' Questions:76.This passage is taken from the novel “-------”. a. Sons and Loversb. Tess of the D'Urbervillesc. Jane Eyre 77.The author of the work is -------.a. William Thackerayb. Thomas Hardyc. Charles Dickens78.The female speaker in the passage is --------.a. Tessb. Elizabethc. Jane 79.The novelreveals women's dreadful life in ------- England. ththth-century c.17 b. 18 a. 19-century -century Part 8 Her only gift was knowing people almost by instinct, she thought, walking on. If you put her in a room with some one, up went her back like a cat's; or she purred. Devonshire House, Bath House, the house with the china cockatoo, she had seen them all lit up once; and remembered Sylvia, Fred, Sally Seton—such hosts of people; and dancing all night; and the waggons plodding past to market; and driving home across the Park. She remembered once throwing a shilling into the Serpentine. But every one remembered; what she loved was this, here, now, in front of her; the fat lady in the cab. Did it matter then, she asked herself, walking towards Bond Street,8did it matter that she must inevitably cease completely; all this must go on without her; did she resent it; or did it not become consoling to believe that death ended absolutely? Questions:80.This passage is taken from the novel “-------”. a. Sons and Loversb. Mrs. Dallowayc. Dubliners81.The author of the work is -------.a. James Joyceb. D. H. Lawrencec. Virginia Woolf82. The writer is the representative figure of ------- novelists inth-century 20 England.a. steam-of-consciousnessb. critical realismc. aestheticism83.This passage reveals the inner spiritual world of --------.a. Clarissab. Tessc. Jane Eyre84. The author of the novel committed suicide by drowning because of --------.a. her insanityb. marriagec. poverty Part 9 He was a comely handsome Fellow, perfectly well made; withstraight strong Limbs, not too large; tall and well shap'd, and as I reckon, about twenty six Years of Age. He had a very good Countenance, not a fierce and surly Aspect; but seem'd to have something very manly in his Face, and yet he had all the Sweetness and Softness of an European in his Countenance too, especially when he smil'd. His Hair was long and black, not curl'd like Wool; his Forehead very high, and large, and a great Vivacity and sparkling Sharpness in his Eyes. The Colour of his Skin was not quite black, but very tawny; and yet not of an ugly yellow nauseous tawny, as the Brasilians, and Virginians,and other Natives of America are; but of a bright kind of a dun olive Colour, that had in it something very agreeable; tho' not very easy to describe. His Face was round, and plump; his Nose small, not flat like the Negroes, a very good Mouth, thin Lips, and his line Teeth well set, and white as Ivory.Questions:85. This passage is taken from the novel “---------”. a. Robinson Crusoe b. Ulysses c. Gulliver's Travels86. The author of the work is --------.a. Daniel Defoeb. Henry Fieldingc. Charles Dickens87. The writer was the representative figure of realistic novelistsin ------ century England. ththth c. 19 b. 18 a.17 88. The point of view used in this novel is the ---------.a. first-personb. third-personc. second-person89. The character described in this passage is -------- who issaved by the narrator. a. Crusoe b. Friday c. the slave trader9Part 10 To be, or not to be: that is the question:Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep; No more; and by a sleep to say we endThe heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation Devoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep;To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub;Questions:90.These lines are taken from a famous play named ----------.a. Hamletb. King Learc. Othello 91. The author of theplay is ----------.a. Marloweb. Wyattc. Shakespeare 92.In the play these lines are uttered by ---------.a. Opheliab. Hamletc. Gertrude93. These lines are written in ----- which was introduced firstly by Christopher Marlow from French literature. a. ode b. blank verse c. elegy 94.This play is a ----------.a. comedyb. tragicomedyc. tragedyPart 11 O, my luve is like a red, red rose,That's newly sprung in June;O, my luve is like the melodie That's sweetly played in tune. Questions:95.This is the first stanza of a poem that is written by apre-romantic poet -----.a. Byronb. Burnsc. Keats96.The poem is written in the form of ----------.a. ballad metreb. sonnetc. ode97. The “red, red rose”in the poem is a token of ---------. a. friendship b. lovec. happiness 98. The poet was cultivated by-------- culture.a. Scottishb. Englishc.Welsh 99. He spent his life among the common people in the countryside and is thus regarded as a -------- poet.a. aristocraticb. peasantc. lake100. He created a great deal of poems from the resource ofthe folksong in his homeland. Among them, --------- has become a world-famous one.a. Auld Lang Syneb. To a Mousec. JohnAnderson, My JoIII. True or False: if the statement is True, please mark A on the answer sheet;if it is False, please mark B on the answer sheet. (0.5×50, 25 points) 1. Imperialism and the demand for social reform are the two factors that had a10large influence on modern English literature. T2. The slogan of aesthetic literature is “Art for Art's Sake”. T3. Modern English novel is a natural product of the Industrial Revolution and asymbol of the growing importance of the English (bourgeoisie) middleclass. T4.Self-acknowledge is one of the major themes of Pride and Prejudice. T5. Robert Burn's passionate poem, My Heart's in the Highlands, opens with thelines: “My heart's in the Highlands, my heart is not here, / My heart's in theHighlands a-chasing the deer”. T6. The central character in a romance is usually a knight. T7. Many of famous verses by John Keats are crafted in the form of ode. T8. Walter Scott is called the Father of English Prose. F9. It is in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling that Henry Fielding succeedsbest in creating “a comic epic in prose”. T10. In Gulliver's Travels, Yahoos are the creatures living on Laputa. F11. In “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning”, John Donne compares the souls oflovers to a pair of compasses. T12. Bacon's Essays has been recognized as an important landmark in the development of English essay. T13. The most important poet in the Victorian age is Robert Browning. Next tohim is Alfred Tennyson. F14. Popular ballad is an important stream of English medieval literature. Of allthe ballads, those of Robin Hood are of paramount importance. T15. The difficulty of knowing the truth, the connection between thought andaction, revenge, and death are all the themes explored in Shakespeare's Hamlet. T16. Thomas Gray's poetry is bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh of the Scottish people. F17.An elegy is a poem in which the poet mourns the death of a specific person. T18.Much like Jane, Mr. Bingley in Pride and Prejudice is an amiable and good-tempered person. T19.Shelley's most famous lyrics include To a Skylark and The Cloud. T20.Robert Burns wrote under the influence of Scottish folk traditions and oldScottish poetry. T21.The literary technique with which authors represent the flow of sensations andideas is called stream of consciousness. T th century is a period of struggle between end 22.The of the 19Romantic andRealistic trends in literature. F23.Optimism and positivism are strongly reflected in Hardy's writings. F24.Both The Waves and Women in Love are stream-of-consciousness novels. F25.Thomas Carlyle and Matthew Arnold are famous prose writers in the Victorianperiod. T1126.Thomas Hardy succeeded Tennyson and George Bernard Shaw as president ofthe Society of Authors. T27.In 1850 Wordsworth, who had been poet-laureate after Southey, died; andTennyson took the laurel. T28.The title Ulysses has been adopted by two British writers—one is Tennysonthe poet in his famous monologue; the other D. H. Laurence in his famousstream-of-consciousness novel. F29.The Bronte sisters published their first work—Poems by Currer, Ellis, andActon Bell in 1846. T30. Besides E. M. Foster, Virginia Woolf is also an active member of the“Bloomsbury Group”. T31.Dubliners—the starting point of Wilde's writing career—is a collection ofsharp realistic sketches about the Dublin life. F th-century English Gothic novel included principal writers of the 1732. TheHorace Walpole—author of The Castle of Otranto, and Ann Radcliffe—author of The Mysteries of Udolpho. F33.Wilde's most excellent success was as a writer of novels, esp. in The Portraitof Dorian Gray. F34.Jane Eyre, the masterpiece of Charlotte Bronte and an immediate success inher time, has been dedicated to Thackeray—the author of Vanity Fair. T 35.Because of the reception of Tess and Jude, Hardy turned with relief to thewriting of experimental lyrical poetry in 1896. T36. George Eliot, pseudonym of Mary Ann or Marian Evans, was one of the best19th-century English novelists, whose best-known works are Adam Bede, TheMill on the Floss, and Silas Marner. T37. Sir Walter Scott, the author of Waverley and Rob Roy, was the firstmajorhistorical novelist. T38. The hero of the poem, Don Juan, was the first example of what came to beknown as the Byronic hero. T39.Mrs. Browning is most famous for her Sonnets from the Portuguese as well asAurora Leigh. T40.John Galsworthy, the first serious British writer on sex, was equally prolific asa dramatist who for many years rivaled Bernard Shaw. F41. Charles Dickens was the first to gain fame and popularity before other prominent Victorian novelists, including Thackeray, George Eliot and EmilyBronte. T42.The central figure in Vanity Fair is Rebecca Sharp who issimple-hearted andna?ve. F43.John Bunyan—the author of Paradise Lost—is the representative writer of th-century England. prose in 17F44.Tales from Shakespeare written by Charles and Mary Lamb is a guidance book。
英美文学复习资料100题
1.the work that presented,for the first time in English literature,a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid character from all walks of life is Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. 在英国文学里提到的作品里，第一次全面逼真地刻画了中世纪英国社会，创造了一个来自各行各业的生动画面的作品是杰弗里·乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集。
2.Geoffrey Chaucer is regarded as the father of English poetry. 乔叟被视为英文诗歌之父，3.The verse form of heroic couplet was introduced into English poetry and employed in the poem with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature by Geoffrey Chaucer. 在英国文学史上，第一次在英文诗中引入英雄对联诗体，真正方便和体现了诗的魅力，是有乔叟开始的。
4.The Canterbury Tales presents a whole gallery of vivid characters,the team of pilgrims,people from all walks of life,including 31 members altogether. 坎特伯雷故事集呈现的是从各行各业的所有人的生动的人物形象，比如朝圣者的队伍，其中一共包括31名成员。
英国文学史及选读第一册复习题(文档良心出品)
History and Anthology of English LiteratureI Multiple Choices1. The story of _________ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances.A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. BeowulfC. Piers the PlowmanD. The Canterbury Tales2. Chaucer died on October 25th, 1400, and was buried in _________.A. FlandersB. FranceC. ItalyD. Westminster Abbey3. Utopia was written in the form of _________.A. proseB. dramaC. essayD. dialogue4. _________ is the leading figure of Metaphysical poetry.A. John DonneB. George HerbertC. Andre MarvellD. Henry Vaughan5. _________ is not written by William Blake.A. The Marriage of Heaven and HellB. Songs of ExperienceC. Auld Lang SyneD. Poetical Sketches6. “Some book are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.This sentence is taken from _________.s Oliver TwistA. Swift’s A Modest Proposal B.Dickens’s Tom Jones D. Bacon’s Of StudiesC. Fielding’7. Which poet is not the “Lake Poet”？A. William WordsworthB. S. T. ColeridgeC. SoutheyD. Keats8. Generally，the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries，itsessence is _________.A. ScienceB. ArtsC. PhilosophyD. Humanism9. Romance, which uses verse or prose to describe the adventures and life of the knights, is thepopular literary form in _________.A. RomanticismB. RenaissanceC. medieval periodD. Anglo-Saxon period10. Gothic novels are mostly stories of ________, which take place in some haunted or dilapidatedMiddle Age castles.A. love and marriageB. sea adventuresC. mystery and horrorD. saints and martyrs11. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver’s Travels are _____.A. horses that are endowed with reasonB. pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC. giants that are superior in wisdomD. hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only inappearance but also in some other ways—Paradise Lost was written in the poetic style of ________.12. John Milton’s masterpieceA. rhymed stanzasB. blank verseC. alliterationD. sonnets13. Which of the following has / have associations with John Donne’s poetry?A. reason and sentimentB. conceits and witsC. the euphuismD. writing in the rhymed couplet14. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, itsessence is _______.A. scienceB. philosophyC. artsD. humanism15. The School for Scandal by Richard Brisley Sheridan has been regarded as the best _______since Shakespeare.A. tragedyB. proseC. comedyD. fableII Match( ) 1. Paradise Lost A. John Bunyan( ) 2. Tristram Shandy B. Oliver Goldsmith( ) 3. of Truth C. Geoffery Chaucer( ) 4. The Vicar of Wakefield D. Henry Fielding( ) 5. Canterbury Tales E. Jonathan Swift( ) 6. Tom Jones F. Samuel Richardson( ) 7. Gulliver’s Travels G. Edmund Spensers Progress H. Francis Bacon( ) 8. The Pilgrim’( ) 9. Pamela I. Laurence Sterne( )10. The Fairy Queen J. John MiltonIII Literary Terms (Choose Five of them to illustrate in English)1. Epic2. Romance3. Blank verse4. Sonnet5. Allegory6. Heroic couplet7. Comedy8. Tragedy9. Sentimentalism 10. EnlightenmentIV Poem Analysis(1)Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shinesAnd often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometimes declines,By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st:So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.Questions:1. Who writes this poem? _____________________2. What type of this poem belongs to? _____________________A. SonnetB. BalladC. OdeD. Elegyodern English? _____________________3. What does “thee” mean in m4. What does “the eye of heaven” refer to? _____________________5. What’s the rhyme scheme of this poem? _____________________Try to give some examples.6. What’s the rhetorical devices used in this poem?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)O my luve 's like a red, red roseThat 's newly sprung in June:O my Luve 's like the melodieThat's sweetly play'd in tune!As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,So deep in luve am I:And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a' the seas gang dry:Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear,And the rocks melt wi' the sun;I will luve thee still, my dear,While the sands o' life shall run.And fare thee weel, my only Luve,And fare thee weel a while!And I will come again, my Luve,Though it were ten thousand mile.Questions:1. Who write this poem? _____________________2. What’s the title of this poem? _____________________3. What does the poet compare red rose to? _____________________4. What is the rhyme scheme of the poem? _____________________5. Illustrate the first stanza in English in your own words._____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________V Conclude the main story of the literary work and make your own comments.Directions: There are four literary works listed as follows. Choose two of them to write down the main idea and make some comments on them.1. Tome Jones2. Robinson Crusoe3. Hamlets Travels4. Gulliver’。
英国文学期末复习资料
1,Old English Literature (A.D.600-about A.D.1100)Poetry:Beowulf 《贝尔伍夫》: the author is unknown （Secular literature世俗文学）1, Hrothgar胡鲁斯加王, King of the Danes, and Beowulf, a brave young man,2, the first great English literary work, the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds years, was written down in the 10th century, Features:1, Each half line has two main beats.2,There is no rhyme. Instead, each half line is joined to the other by alliteration头韵. 3,Things are described indirectly and in combinations of words.4, As is known, the Anglo-Saxons were Christianized by the end of the 7th century. Major themes:1.This epic presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world represented by Grendel, his mother and the fire-breathing dragon under the wise and mighty leader.2.The poem conveys a hope that the righteous will triumph over the evil. Beowulf stands for all that is good, brave and proper, while the monsters stand for evil. Prose:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史1,written under the encouragement and supervision of King Alfred the Great (849-899)阿尔弗雷德大帝2,an early history of the country which begins with Caesar’s conquest凯撒征服and is a monument不朽的作品of Old English Prose.Aelfric埃尔弗里克（mostly religious)：His prose style is the best in Old English. And he uses alliteration头韵to join his sentences together.2，Middle English Literature (from about 1100 to about 1500) Norman Conquest(1066): the English VS the Norman armies place:near Hastings黑斯廷斯Result: the leader of English, Harold, was killed, English lost decisive battle William, the Conqueror, became the King of England1. Politically, a feudalist system封建制度was established in England.（feudalism）2. Religiously, the Roman Catholic Church had a much stronger control over the country.3. Great changes took place in the English language.4. The conquest opened up England to the whole European continent, so that with the introduction of the culture and literature of France, Italy and other European countries a fresh wave of Mediterranean civilization came into England.Three languages co-existed in England during this period.：French (the official language): King, Norman lordsLatin (the principal tongue of church affairs): clergymen and scholarsEnglish: common peopleGreat events in this period:The Hundred Years’ War(1337-1453)英法百年战争The Black Death(1348-1350) 黑死病Literature：strongly reflects the principles of the medieval中世纪Christian doctrines基督教教义, which are primarily concerned with the issue of personal salvation自我拯救.The romance传奇文学;Geoffrey of Monmouth蒙茅斯的杰弗里：英国历史学家History of the Kings of Britain (in Latin Prose)(不列颠诸王记)Layamon莱亚门：英国诗人Brut《布鲁特》Thomas Malory马洛礼：Mort D’Arthur(in English prose)《亚瑟王之死》Sir Gawain and the Green Knight（anonymous匿名的，无名的, in English verse)《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》Major themes of 《高文。
英国文学
HISTORY AND ANTHOLOGY OF ENGLISH LITERATUREⅡⅠ1. was distinctively an age of prose. The Age ofAge of Shakespeare—was decidedly an age of poetry. This face has helped to mark it as the second age in English literary history; for poetry is the highest form of literary expression and poetry seems to have been most in harmony with the noblest powers of the English genius英国天才的高尚凛性. As in the Elizabethan Age, the young enthusiasts turned as naturally to poetry as a happy man to singing. P5 2. Coleridge, Southey and Wordsworth form the trio of so-called LakePoets “湖畔诗人”三人组. P63. In 1797 Wordsworth made friend with S.T. Coleridge and a year later the. P94. simplicity and purity of the language,th century poetry. P95. 1) he was one of the key figures in secondmovement; 2) his poetry is characterized by sensual imagery, most notably in the series of odes; 3) “Beauty is truth , truth beauty”—Ode on a Grecian Urn. 3) Negative Capacity消极张力4)唯美主义先驱6. is the creator and a great master of the historical novel.give a panorama of feudal society封建社会的全景描写from its early stages to its downfall P877. In written by Walter Scott appeared, andnot only at once established its author as a novelist of extraordinary power in the delineation of characte r勾画角色and the description of natural scenery, but revolutionized the English novel, lifting its tone, broadening its scope, making it artistic, in strong contrast his predecessors. P 868. ——Irony 反语P1169. …s preoccupation was always with the serious consideration of道德地位of the individual in the universe, but her psychological insight心理洞察力into the development of character, he flair for country scenes and speech, her fine sense of fun, and the narrative interest of her novels gave her a general popularity not common to didactic novelists说教小说家. Her biggest character is psychological analysis. P21110. In December,1847, a joint book appeared, containing Anne‟s Agnes Greyand Emily‟s only novel, Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄; neither work attracted much attention. P23211. In 1850 Wordsworth, who had been poet-laureate桂冠诗人zftet Southey,died; and Tennyson took the laurel. P28912. In the house called “Casa Guidi”Browning continued his great series ofdramatic monologues戏剧独白诗. Here, also, after Mrs. Browning‟s. P298: 1) the contrast between Victorian andstartling相去甚远. Dickens, the outstanding Victorian novelist, was a man of colossal optimism; (and Hardy, most “finished” novelist of the age following, was sunk o n the deeps of pessimism), 2）the end of the 19th century is a period of struggle between realistic and anti-realistic trends in art and literature. 3) The growth of anti-realistic art and literature reflected the crisis of bourgeois culture at the period of imperialism. 4) The later realists excelled in revealing the characters from a psychological point of view. The work of S.Butler, T.Hardy and H.G Wells is imbued with pessimism often bordering on despair.5) The greatest books of the period were cries of suffering and protest. 14. Oscar Wilde, in his critical essays O. Wilde expounded the theory of “art for唯美主义)维多利亚Wessex country为赛克斯地区which later figured in his works. The character of his works is the elemental strength of the Wessex tales为赛克斯故事中的优势. His novels culminated with the two greatest, Tess of the D’Urbervilles 《德伯家的苔丝》, 1891, and Jude the Obscure《无名的裘德》, 1896. the second part of the title of Tess is A Pure Woman“一个纯洁女子的真实写照”. P312Ⅱ. 连线题（10*1’=10’）1. P9①Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（with S.T.Coleridge）.②Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey丁登寺③The Prelud e序曲④The Excursion漫游⑤She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways她住在人迹罕见的路边⑥I Travelled Among Unknown Men我曾在海外的异乡漫游⑦I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud我好似一朵孤独的流云⑧Composed upon Westminster Bridge在西敏寺桥上⑨London, 1802⑩The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女2. P91)The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.古舟子咏3. P241) Hours of Idleness 闲暇的时刻（first volume of poems）2) English Bards and Scotch Reviewers 英格兰诗人和苏格兰评论家3) Childe Harold Pilgrimage恰尔德.哈罗尔德游记4) Don Juan 唐璜（Byron‟s greatest work, satiric masterpiece讽刺名作）5) The Giaour 异教徒6) The Corsair 海盗7) Lara 莱拉8) Childe Harold Pilgrimage 恰尔德哈罗尔游记9) Manfred曼弗雷德10) Cain该隐11) When We Two Parted12) She Walks in Beauty13) Sonnet on Chillon4. P501) The Necessity of Atheism无神论的必要性2) Address to the Irish People“to every passer-by who seemed likely”3) Queen Mab4) Alastor or The spirit of Solitude5) Laon and Cythna =The Revolt of Islam （a long narrative inSpenserian stanzas）6) Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯7) The Cenci8) Sensitive Plant我灵中之灵9) Adonais阿多尼斯10) Ode to the West Wind西风颂11) To a Sky Lark致云雀12) Ozymandias13) A Song:” Men of England”14) The Cloud5. P691) On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer2) Endymion恩底弥翁(“feverish attempt rather than a deedaccomplished”)3) Lamia, Isabella, The Eve of St.Agnes, and other Poems4) On Melancholy哀感5) Ode On a Greeian Urn希腊古翁颂6) To Psyche 心灵7) To a Nightingale 夜莺颂8) To Autumn秋颂9) Hyperion10) Bright Star6. P841) Waverley 威弗手小2) Ivanhoe艾凡赫7. P1161) Pride and Prejudice2) Northanger Abbey 诺桑觉寺3) Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感4) Emma爱玛5) Persuasion劝导6) Mansfield Park8.(prose writer) P131①The Adventures of Ulysses尤利西斯历险记16. P156①Oliver Twist雾都孤儿② A Christmas Carlo 圣诞欢歌③David Copperfield大卫科波菲尔④Bleak House荒凉山庄⑤Hard Times艰难时刻⑥Little Dorrit小杜丽⑦ A Tale of Two Cities双城记(on the magazine named All the YearRound started by Dickens)⑧Great Expectations远大进程⑨Our Mutual Friend我们共同的朋友⑩Edwin Drood艾德温·德鲁德之谜17. ——Vanity Fair 《名利场》P18718. P2091) Adam Bede亚当·比德2) The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊19. P2321) Jane Eyre 简爱2) The Professor 教授3) Shirley 雪莉4) Villette 维莱特20. ——Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄P23221. P232①Agnes Grey②The Tenant of Wildfell Hall22. P27823. —Ulysses尤利西斯P29024. P2981) My Last Duchess我已故的公爵夫人2) The Ring and the Book指环和书25. P302①Sonnets From from the Portuguese葡萄牙十四行诗26. P3121) Tess of the D’Urbervilles《德伯家的苔丝》2) Jude the Obscure《无名的裘德》27. P350富思特家史28. P3861) The Quintessence of Ibsenism 易卜生主义的精华2) The Perfect Wagnerite 完美的瓦格纳3) Widowers’ Houses4) The Philanderer拉皮条者5) Mrs. Warren’s Profession 华伦夫人的职业29. P4151) Sons and Lovers儿子和情人2) The White Peacock白孔雀3) Rainbow虹30. P4391) Monday or Tuesday2) Jacob’s Room3) Mrs. Dalloway4) To the Lighthouse5) The waves海浪6) Between the Acts幕间31. P4531) Dubliners都柏林人2) A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 一个年轻画家的肖像3) Ulysses 尤利西斯Ⅳ. 简答题(1*15’=15’)1. P29Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage is a travelogue, narrated by a melancholy, passionate, well-read, and very eloquent tourist是一部旅行游记，由一位忧郁伤感、充满激情、博览群书、能言善辩的游客叙述. It is a lengthy, autobiographical, narrative poem. Byron chose for his poem the Spenserian stanza斯宾塞诗节形式. In Spenserian stanza: 9 lines, first 8 lines are iambic pentameter五步抑扬格; the ninth is iambic hexameter六步抑扬格. The rhyme is ABABBCBCC. P29 (Theme: The poem describes the travels and reflections of a world-weary young man who disillusioned with a life of pleasure and revelry, looks for distraction in foreign lands; it is an expression of the melancholy and disillusionment felt by a generation weary of the wars of the post-Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras) (Image: “ocean”—deep, dark; “man”—ruin, in vain P37)Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage is a travelogue, narrated by a melancholy, passionate, well-read, and very eloquent tourist. It is a lengthy, autobiographical, narrative poem.Byron chose for his poem the Spenserian stanza, which consists of 9 lines, the rhyme is abab bcbc c. The first 8 lines uses iambic pentameter, and the 9th line uses iambic hexameter.Byron applied many rhetorics in this poem. For example, in the paragragh of 179, the apostrophy of Ocean and the hyperbole, personification all indicated that the nature or ocean is so powerful and great. At last, parallelism and repetition is used.The main image is ocean and a drop of rain, and also the man with ruin, through the contrast of ocean and man, the writter shows the power and greatness of the nature and the weakness and meanness of human.Totally, The poem describes the travels and reflections of a world-weary young man who disillusioned with a life of pleasure and revelry, looks for distraction in foreign lands; it is an expression of the melancholy and disillusionment felt by a generation weary of the wars of the post-Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras2. P54Ode to the West Wind is a romantic poem, the masterpiece written by Percy Bysshe Shelley.The stanza used in this ode was Terza Rima三行连环体. It consists of 14 lines, aba, bcb, cdc, ede, ee. The rhythm used was the iambic pentameter五步抑扬格.At the beginning, the author uses apostrophy呼告t o say “O wild West Wind”, and the n uses personification or metaphor隐喻, regarded it as the Autumn‟ s being. Besides, Shelley applied the rhetoric修辞学such as simile 明喻, hyperbole夸张法and parallelism对应and described the autumn wind how to be a destroyer and a preserver.The main image among that was the wind, including the wind on earth, in the sky, and over the ocean, which destroys in the autumn in order to revive in the spring. More over, the images of leaves, winged seeds and so on played an important role in the poem as well.Around this central image the poem weaves various cycles of death and regeneration----vegetational, huma n, and divine. It is also praises the nature and art through the description of wind‟ freedom.Ⅴ. 问答题(1*25’=25’)1. P173orphan and was treated cruelly especially by Bumble, the official of workhouse. Then, Oliver Twist escaped to London, where he unfortunately entered in a criminal gang led by Fagin that includes the brutal thief Bill Sikes, the famous artful Dodger and Nancy. Oliver was supposed to be recued by kindly Mr. Brownlow whose pocket Oliver was accused of having picked. However, he was kidnapped in that gang again and Monks, Oliver‟s brother, with Bill Sikes wanted to kill Oliver. Under the sacrifice of Nancy, Oliver got helped and adopted by Mr. Brownlow and Fagin, monks are caught by polices, and Sikes suicides himself carelessly.There are many charachaters in this novel, such as Oliver Twist, Fagin, Bumble…… C harles Dickens uses the method of Omniscient perspective in characterization, through actions, appearance, language, and writer‟s comment and even the name‟s symbolism describe the charachaters.Themes of this novel are numerous. The author describes the life of poverty and social classes, such as Sikes(a thug), Fagin and the corruptchildren, including Oliver Twist, and reveals the darkness of society at that time. He praises the humanitarianism and believes the good person can get rewarded, so he criticizes the evil and corruption as well. Dickens also showed the relation between sin and redemption, as Nancy is. Many of middle-class people that Oliver encountered are also in the content, some of who are kind, and some bad. All in all, this novel shows the resource of social evil is the capitalism society.Charles Dickens‟ writing style, obviously, is humorous and satirical. He does well in using long and complicated sentences which is elaborate, expressive, and eloquent. Then, he is good at applying the profound symbolism, for example, Oliver Twist means all of twist. Dickens is a critical realist not only gave satirical portrayal of the bourgeoisie and all the ruling class but also showed his profound sympathy for the common people.2. P234about a child‟s maturation. Jane Eyre was an orphan, passed into the care of Mrs. Reed, who always punished her by sending her to the gloomy room, and one day, she was sent to Lowood School, where she was well-liked by Miss Temple. After the end of her study, she was retained as a teacher at Thornfield, and the student was Mr. Edward Rochester‟s daughter. Gradually, the proud, mysterious Rochester and the independent, stubborn Jane loved each other, but there was the mad ex-wife, who set a fire finally in Thornfield. However, Rochester became ugly and blind, he married Jane at last on bases of their equality.There are several characters in this novel, such as Jane Elre, Edward Rochester, Miss temple and Mrs. Reed. Jane was a plain, honest, independent and dreamful girl, who finally gets what life she wants. Rochester can be a Byronic hero, proud, gloomy, mysterious, and passionate, which is always in Gothic fiction. Mrs. Reed, her aunt, but she treated crudely and mean to Jane, only when she went to dead, she told Jane that she still had relatives and could got legacy. The author uses language, appearance and actions to complete the characterization, and the metaphor, such as the color of red.About the theme, at first, it praises the pure love between Jane Elye and Mr. Rochester; Second, it criticizes the social class and class segregates; Third, it shows the religion and belief in god.Jane Eyre was written by the sister of Charlotte Bronte and Emily Bronte. It is a gothic novel in which symbolism is used frequently, such as the red in the novel and Jane's imprisonment is symbolic of her lower social class.。
英国文学史及选读期末复习试题
英国文学史及选读试题考试科目：英国文学史及选读考试时间：120分钟使用班级：考试形式：■闭卷□开卷Ⅰ. Fill in the following blanks (1′×35=35分)1._______________ can be justly termed England’s national epic.2.In the year of _____, at the battle of _________, the Normans headed by ______ , Duke of _________, defeated the ___________ .3.________________, the “father of English poetry”and one of the greatest ______________ poets of England. The representative work of him is ____________________ .4. Renaissance means __________ and _________ .5. The key note of renaissance : _________________.6. The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of ___________ ( _______ and _________ ) and_____________.7.Thomas More was the outstanding________ at the beginning of ___ century. His wrote ____________ in 1516.8. Edmund Spenser was the author of the greatest____________—_________(作品)9. The highest glory of Renaissance is ______________ .10. Christopher Marlowe was one of the _____________ and made ____________ the principal vehicle of expression in____________ .11. Thomas Wyatt was the first to introduce the ___________ into English literature.12. At the end of the 16th century, the great English scientist and philosopher Francis Bacon wrote his famous ____________ and______________.13. William Shakespeare：Four tragedies: ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________. Four comedies: ___________ _, ___________ _, ____________, ___________ _.Shakespeare produced ____ plays, two _________ and 154 __________.14. Francis Bacon was the founder of ____________in England——Knowledge is power. He was famous for his essays: ________________.15. John Donne—_____________school, was the author of ________________ .16. John Milton was the author of ______________, _____________. The first one was written in___________. Here Paradise means “_________________ ”.17. The 18th Century—The Age of______________ in England—was distinctively an age of ____________.18. ______________ was the writer of Robinson Crusoe.19. ______________ was the writer of Gulliver’s Travels, A modest Proposal.20.______________ was the writer of _____________, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, _______________________, The Songs of Innocence.21. ______________was the writer of ________________, Auld Lang Syne.22. The Romantic Period was from _____ to _____ in England and was decidedly an age of ___________.23. Romanticism began with the publication of_________________ Lyrical Ballads, ended with __________________.24. _____________________, ___________________ and ________________were ___________(湖畔诗人).25. _____________,____________ ,______________were active romanticists (激进浪漫主义诗人).26.________________ —If winter comes, can Spring be far behind? ——Percy Bysshe _____________.27. ______________ —Beauty is truth, truth beauty.30. ______________was the writer of On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer, __________________, Ode on a Grecian Urn, __________________, Bright Star.31. ________________was the writer of Pride and Prejudice.32. _____________was the writer of Dream-Children; a Reverie, _____________________.33.The Victorian Age—______________ in England. The dominant literal genrewas ____________.34._____________ was the writer of _____________,David Copperfield, HardTimes, A Tale of Two Cities (_________ and ________), Great Expectation.35.William Makepeace Thackeray was the writer of __________________.36.George Eliot, a ___________ writer, devoted herself to ______________.37.Charlotte Bronte was the author of ______________; Emily Bronte was the writerof __________________.38.Alfred, Lord Tennyson, was regarded as the most important poet ofthe_________________.39._____________was the author of Far from Madding Crowd, The Return of theNative, The Major of Casterbridge, Tess of the D’Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure.40.Oscar Wilde, a __________ and a ___________, was a spokesman for________________ (唯美主义).41.George Bernard Shaw was the greatest writer of ____________—afterShakespeare. He was the writer of _______________ and Mrs. Warren’s Profession.42.______________ was the writer of Sons and Lovers.43.______________ was the writer of Mrs. Dalloway.44.James Joyce was the writer of _____________.45._________________: 2007 winner of Nobel Prize for Literature.Ⅱ. Interpret the following terms. (10′×2=20分)1.The English Renaissance2.Metaphysical poetryⅢ. Answer the following questions. (15′×3=45分)1. In your opinion, why does Satan in Paradise Lost choose the Garden of Eden for his battlefield?Give your reasons in brief words, pay attention to logic and precision.2. Read sonnet 18 answer the following questions.Sonnet 18Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shinesAnd often is his gold complexion dimed;And every fair form fair sometimes declines,By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade.When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.Questions:(1)Who is the author of this sonnet?(2)Write the rhyme scheme of the poem.(3)What is the theme of the poem?(4) What kind of rhetorical devices the author adopted in the sonnet? For eachrhetorical device you list, examples from the poem must be given.3. Illustrate the political satire Jonathan Swift made in Gulliver’s Travells?。
英国文学复习资料[1]
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英国文学复习资料[1]一选择题1. _____ was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.a. Thomas Wyattb. William Shakespearec. Phillip Sidneyd. Thomas Campion2. The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development ofEnglish Drama. It was _______ who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.a. Christopher Marloweb. Thomas Logec. Edmund Spenserd. Thomas More3. Great popularity was won by John Lyly?s prose romance_______wh ich gave rise to the term “euphuism”, designating an effected style of court speech.a. Arcadiab. V enus and Adonis.c. Eupheusd. Lucrece4. At the beginning the 16th century the outstanding humanist_____wrote his Utopia in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people?s suffering and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.a. Christopher Marloweb. Thomas Morec. Phillip Sidneyd. Edmund Spencer5. English absolute monarchy was once again adopted in the reignof ________after the Queen Elizabeth.a. Edward VIb. James Ic. Charles Id. Queen Ann6.Beowulf is the most important and the first epic in the Old Englishever written. It was written in _______.a. sonnetsb. balladsc. alliterationd. heroic couplet7.Paradise Lost is a (n)________.a. lyrical poemb. hymnc. epicd. narrative poem8.Pamela is a___________.a. historical novelb. romanceb. novel of naturalism d. novel of epistles andpsychology9.Gulliver’s Travels is a ________.a. sentimental novelb. novel of satire andallegoryc. Gothic noveld. novel of stream ofconsciousness10.I Wandered lonely as a Cloud is a ________.a. lyrical poemb. lyrical prosec. romance in prosed. sonnet11.T he School of Scandal is a ______.a. tragedyb. comedy of mannersc. noveld. romance12.The Merry Wives of Windsor is a ______.a. comedyb. tragedyc. historical playd. morality play13. A Red, Red Rose is a______.a. lyricb. satirical poemc. epic d ode14.Clarrisa is a (n) ____________.a. historical novelb. epistolary novelc. metrical romanced. satirical novel15. The title of “Poet?s poet” is given to the writer of thefollowing work__ _____.a. Death Be Not Proudb. Venus and Adonisc. Romeo and Julietd. The Faerie Queen16. The Merchant of Venice belongs to Shakespearian plays of_______.a. comedyb. sequence of sonnetsc. tragedyd. historical play17. Chaucer was the first important poet of a royal court to writein______ after the Norman conquest.a. Frenchb. Latinc. Englishd. Celt18. “He was not of an age, but for all the time”. “He” here refers to_____.a. Shakespeareb. Chaucerc. John Miltond. Ben Jonson19. The father of the school of Metaphysical poets is _______.a. Thomas Moreb. Spenserc. John Donned. Wyatt20. The most important prose writer of Elizabethan Age was _______,who was also the founder of the English materialistic philosophy.a. Thomas Moreb. Spenserc. John Donned. Francis Bacon21. During the medieval time, there were several types of drama, amongwhich the ______ denotes only dramas based on Saint?s lives.a. miracle playb. morality playc. mystery playd.interlude22. Morality plays were dramatized _______of the life of man, histemptation and sinning, his quest for salvation and his confrontation with death.a. elegyb. dreamc. ambitiond. allegories23. The hero in morality plays usually represents Mankind or _______.a. Devilb. Godc. valiantd. everyone24. The rhyme schem e of Spenser?s Amorretti is created by Spenserhimself, and it is now called ____, rhyme pattern of which is ______.a. English sonnet/ abab cdcd, efef ggb. Italian sonnet/ abba abba cde cdec. Miltonic sonnet/ abab bcbc cde cded. Spenserian sonnet/ abab bcbc cdcd ee25. In the Faerie Queene, Spenser signifies glory in abstract, and theQueen Elizabeth______ in particular.a. Gloryb. famec. honestyd. virtue26. Spenser not only wrote in Spenserian sonnet, he also inventedSpensrian stanza, a nine-line stanza used by him in Faerie Queene, the rhyme scheme of which is ________.a. abab ababab. abab bcbccc. abcb cdcdcd. aabb ccddd27. Spenser is usually considered “poets? poet”, because of his superbtechnical skill, perfect melodies, rare senses of beauty. However, in his poetry there still remain two defects: _______.a. power and unityb. power and steadinessc. steadiness and unityd. unity and melody28. The Tragic History of Dr. Faustus is based on a _____.a. German legendb. Greek legendc. Roman Legendd. Celtic Legend29. The hero of Dr. Fustus is a young ______.a. scholarb. doctorc. philosopherd. magician30. The significance of Marlowe?s plays lies in the playwright?spresenting of, in various ways, the spirit of ________.a. feudal lordsb. the rising bourgeoisiec. the intellectualsd. common people31. Who was the greatest dramatist in the 18th century?a. Goldsmithb. Sheridanc. Sterned. Fielding32. Which play is regarded as the best English comedy since Shakespeare?a. She Stoops to Conquerb. The Rivalsc.The School for Scandald. The ConsciousLovers33. Chaucer was the first important poet of royal court to write in______ after the Norman Conquest.a. Frenchb. Latinc. Englishd. Greek34. Shylock is a character in the play _______.a. T amburlain written by Marloweb. Othello written by Shakespearec. The Jew of Malta written by Marlowed.The Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare35. “To err, is human, to forgive, divine” and “ A little learning is adangerous thing.” are taken from the poems written by ______.a. John Miltonb. Francis Baconc. William Shakespeared. Alexander Pope36. The Deserted Village is a ___________.a. sentimental poemb. romantic poemc. neo-classical poemd. allegorical poem37. In English Poetry the phrase …the deep? is often referred to _______.a. the hellb. the heartc. the sead. the grave38. At the turn of the 18th and 19th century, ______ appeared as a newliterary trend in England.a. Renaissanceb. Reformationc. Romanticismd. Sentimentalism39. Of Truth was written by a British essayist_______.a. William Shakespeareb. George Bernad Shawc. Francis Bacond. John Donne40. “Gold? Y ellow, glittering, precious gold! Thus much of this willmake black white, fool fair, wrong right, base noble, old young, coward valiant…”These lines are taken from ________ by Shakespeare.a. Volponeb. As you like itc. The School for Scandald. Timon of Athens41. “ Conceit” is a term applied in particular to the school representedby_______.a. Herrickb. Ben Jonsonc. Poped. John Donne42. The general spirit of Shakespeare?s first period comediesis _______.a. youthfulness with melancholyb. pessimism with youthfulnessc. optimism with youthfulnessd. optimism with melancholy43. _____ is one of Shakespeare?s famous four tragedies.a. Romeo and Julietb. Julius Caesarc. Anthony and Claopatrad. Othello44. The Merchant of Venice belongs to Shakespeare?s play s of ______inwhich Shakespeare highly praises the wits and wisdom of the heroin______ .a. Sophiab. Portiac. Ophiliad. Olivia45. One of the following plays takes its subject matter from Chinesehistory.a. Henry VIb. Everyone in His Humorc. The Riva lsd. Tamburlain46. Piers the Plowman is a realistic picture of _____ England, whichindignantly satirized the ____ prevailing among the ruling classes, ecclesiastical and secular world.a. Renaissance/ corruptionb. medieval /realityc. medieval /corruptiond. Renaissance/ reality47. One of the following writers is not known as a sonnet poet is_______.a. Wyattb. Shakespearec. Greened. Spencer48. Mephistophilis is a _______.a. soldierb. devil?s servantc. king?s clownd. noble man49. Thomas More was killed because of ______.a. his disagreement with the princeb. his treason of Englandc. his plot against King Henry VIIId. his disagreement with the king?s divorce and the religiousbelief50. More is known as a writer, statesman and _______.a. humanistb. merchantc. socialistd. soldier51. All the following writers created the sonnet sequence except______.a. Shakespeareb. Thomas Morec. Spenser c. Sidney52. Apology for Poetry is a_______.a. sonnetb. literary criticismc. noveld. play53. Of the following, the one that employs the form of romance is_______.a. Euphuesb. Amorettic. Of Studiesd. V enus and Adonis54. The “Mighty line” in Marlowe?s play means________.a. blank verseb. sonnetc. coupletd. free verse55. The one who first made blank verse the principal instrument ofEnglish drama is ______.a. Surryb. Marlowec. Shakespeared. Ben Jonson56. The recurrent theme of Marlowe?s plays is the praise of ______.a. capitalismb. churchc. feudalismd. individualism57. All the heroes of Marlowe?s plays end with ______.a. happinessb. triumphc. tragedyd. insult58. The literary genre which best represents the literary achievement inRenaissance is _____.a. novelb. dramac. poetryd. romance59. Thomas More?s masterpiece Utopia was written in _______.a. Frenchb. Englishc. Latind. Greek60. Astrophel and Stalla was written by the author who also wrote _____.a. Amorettib. As Y ou like Itc. Apology for Poetryd. Dr. Faustus61. The poet who wrote the first sonnet sequence in English literature also wrote _____.a. The Shepherds’ calendarb. Apology for Poetryc. Hamletd. Alchemist62. The soldier, the poet, the critic, the courtier, all the titles can be applied to one of the following writers.a. Spenserb. Marlowec. Sidneyd. Ben Jonson63. Spenser is famous for his _______.a. musical rhythmb. colorful imagesc. symbolsd. all of the above64. Test of courage, faith and loyalty is the theme of a _____.a. romanceb. novelc. playd. ballad65. La Mort e’d Arthur describes the war, the tournament, illicit love and the quest for ______.a. Christb. Holly Grailc. Bibled. King Arthur66. All the following figures appear in the work La Morte’d Arthu r, except_______.a. King Arthurb. Gueneverec. Lancelotd. Tamburlain67. La Moret’d Arthur marked the ____ of the romance in England.A. falling b. risingc. summitd. ending68. The English Romantic Movement began in the 1798 when “Lyrical Ballads” was published, and ended in1832 when ______.a. Jane Austain diedb. Scott diedc. Wordsworth diedd. Shelley69. Quotation and the author are correctly paired in all the followings except______.a.a. “I might boast myself La V ainqueur”----- Johnsonb.b. “A little learning is a dangerous thing.” ------ Popec. c. A Truthful artist’s duty was to produce humann ature”------ Wordsworthd.d. Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” ---------Shakespeare.70. Virtue Rewarded in the novel by Richardson means___________.a.a. Shopia was married to Mr. B finally.b.b. Pamela was kicked out of Mr. B’s place.c. c. Shopia was married to Tom Jones at last.d.d. Pamela was married to T om Jones.71. The Spectator was started in the ______century.a. early 18thb. late 19thc. the late 18thd. early 19th72. The figure of speech used in the article A modest Proposal is called _____.b. paradoxc. ironyd. pun73. The Rape of the Lock gives an account of ______.a. bull fightingb. a knight duelc. a writer’s lifed. an anecdote of the court74. At the end of the History of T om Jones, a Foundling,________.a. Blifil was hangedb. T om was put in jail againc. Shopia divorced with T omd. None of the above75. Richardson was noted as a storyteller, letter-writer and a ______ as well.a. criticb. moralizerc. poetd. playwright76. The couplet, originally French, was made full use by ______.a. Popeb. Donnec. Chaucerd. Johnson77. All of the followings were from Ireland except________.a. Sheridanb. Goldsmithc. Swift78. The pair not correct associated is _______.a. Blake----engraverb. Goldsmith______poet and novelistc. Fielding ____playwrightd. Richardson _____poet79.The Sentimental School includes all of the following writers except_______.a. Thomas Cowperb. Thomas Grayc. Richardsond. Swift80. Milton was nicknamed “the lady of the Christ” because he was ______.a. a ladyb. as serious as a ladyc. as hansom as a ladyd. as gentle as a lady答案；1-5 a a c b b 6-10 c c d b a11-15 b a a b d 16-20 a c a c d21-25 c d d d d 26-30 b a a a b31-35 b c c d d 36-40. a c d b d41-45. d c d b d 46-50. b c b d a.51-55. b b a a b56-60. d c b c c61-65. b c d a b66-70. d c b c b71-75. a c d d b76-80. a d d d c二，名词解释1. EnlightenmentEnlightenment is a progressive intellectual movement, which swept over England and other lands in Western Europe in the 18th century. Enlightenment freed and reformed the thinking of man. Enlighteners strove to clear away the feudal remnants and replace them by bourgeois ideologue.2.Blank verseUnrhymed iambic pentameter. See also Meter. In the 1540s Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, seems to have originated it in English as the equivalent of Virgil's unrhymed dactylic hexameter. In Gorboduc (1561), Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton introduced blank verse into the drama, whence it soared with Marlowe and Shakespeare in the 1590s. Milton forged it anew for the epic in Paradise Lost (1667).3. Fable(1) A short, allegorical story in verse or prose, frequently of animals, told to illustrate a moral. (2) The story line or plot of a narrative or drama. (3) Loosely, any legendary or fabulous account.4. RomanceAny imaginative literature that is set in an idealized world and that deals with heroic adventures and battles between good characters and villains or monsters. Originally, the term referred to a medieval tale dealing with the loves and adventures of kings, queens, knights, and ladies, and including unlikely or supernatural happenings. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the best of the medieval romances./doc/205598258.html,edy of mannersIts concern is to bring the moral and social behavior of itscharacters to the test of comic laughter. The male hero lives not for military glory but for pleasure and the conquests that he can achieve in his amorous campaigns. The object of his very practical game of sexual intrigue is a beautiful, witty, pleasure loving, and emancipated lady, every bit his equal in the strategies of love. The two are distinguished not for virtue but for the true wit and well-bred grace with which they conduct the often complicated intrigue that makes up the plot.6. HumorA humor is a theory used by Ben Jonson in his play writing.A humor, according to the physiology and the psychology of the time, was one of the liquid constituents of the body, each of which had its peculiar emotional propensity. Every character in Jonson’s comedies personifies a definite humor, so his characters are like caricatures.7. NovelThe extended prose fiction that arose in the 18th century to become a major literary expression of the modern world. The term comes from the Italian novella, the short "new" tale of intrigue and moral comeuppance most eminently disseminated by Boccaccio's Decameron (1348-1353). The terms novel and romance, from the French roman, competed interchangeably for most of the 18th century.三．阅读题Passage 1To die, to sleepNo more and by a sleep to say we endThe heartache, and the thousand natural shocksThat flesh is heir to, ?tis a consummationDevotedly to be wished. To die, to sleepTo sleep-perchance to dream: ay there?s the rub,For in that sleep of death what dream may come?When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,Must give us a pause. There?s the respectThat makes calamity of so long life.For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,The oppressor?s wrong, the proud man?s contumelyThe pangs of despised love, the law?s delay,The insolence of office, and the spurns,The patient merit of th? unworthy takesQUESTION:1. These lines are taken from a famous play named________.2. The author of the play is____________.3. In the play these lines are uttered by ____________.4. About the utterance what does the speech show? Passage 2What though the field be lost?All is not lost: the unconquerable will,And study of revenge, immortal hate,And courage never to submit or yield:And what is else not to be overcome?That glory never shall his wrath or mightExtort from me. To bow and sue for graceWith suppliant knee, and deify his powerWho, from the terror of this arm, so lateDoubted his empire-that were low indeed;That were an ignominy and shame beneathThis downfall; since, by fate, the strength of godsAnd this empyreal substance, cannot fail;Questions:1. These lines are written in __________.2. In the second line …the unconquerable will? refers to the will of _____.a. Zeusb. Satanc. Godd. Adam3. These lines are taken from a very famous ________ entitled ________.4. Who is the author of this poem?5. What?s the central theme of these lines?6. What do you think of the writing features of the passage?Passage 3My friend Roger, being a good churchman, has beautified the inside of his church with several texts of his own choosing; he has likewise given a handsome pulpit cloth, and railed in the communion table at his own expense. He has often told me that, at his coming to his estate, he found his parishioners very irregular; and that in order to make them kneel and join in the responses, he gave every one of them a hassock and a Common Prayer book, and at the same time employed an itinerant singing masters, who goes about the country for that purpose, to instruct them rightly in the tunes of the Psalms, and indeed outdo most of the country churches that have ever heard.Questions:1. This passage is taken from a periodical named______.2. The Title of the passage is ___________________.3. The …I” in the passage is supposed to be _____________a. Mr. Spectatorb. Addisonc. Steel4. What kind of person is Sir Roger?5. What is the writing features of the passage?Passage 4:I lay down on the grass, which was very short and soft, where I slept sounder than ever I remember to have done in my life, and as I reckoned, above nine hours; for when I awaked, it was just daylight. I attempted to rise, but was not able to stir: for as I happened to lie on my back, I found my arms and legs were strongly fastened on each side to the ground; and my hair, which was long and thick, tied down in the same manner. .I likewise felt several slender figures across my body, from my armpits to my thighs. I could only look upwards; the sun began to grow hot, and the light offended my eyes. I heard a confused noise about me, but in the posture I lay, could see nothing except the sky. In a little time, I felt something alive moving on my left leg, which advancing gently forward over my breast, came almost up to my chin; when bending my eyes downwards as much as I could, I perceived it to be a human creature not six inches high, with a bow and arrow in his hands, and a quiver at his back.Questions:1. this passage is taken from a well-known book written by______.2. The …I? in the passage was dropped in a str ange country, the name of which is _______.3. The title of the book is__________.4. The …I? in the passage is ______________.5. what is the writing features of the passage?Passage 5I profess, in the sincerity of my heart, that I have not the leastpersonal interest in endeavoring to promote this necessary work, having no other motive than the public good of my country, by advancing our trade, propose to get a single penny; the youngest being nine years old, and mywife past childbearing.Questions:1. This passage is taken from a well-known essayentitled___________________________.2. The author of the article is ______________________.3. What is the most striking features of the article?Passage 6A little black thing among the snowCrying “weep, weep, weep,” in notes of woe!“Where are your father and mother? Say?”“They are both gone up to the church to pray.”“Because I was happy upon the hearth,And smil?d among the winter?s snow;They think they have done me no injury,And are gone to praise God and His Priest and King,Who make up a heaven of our misery.”Questions:1. What is the little black thing refers to_________?2.What?s the title of the poem? _________3.Who make up a heaven of our misery.” _________4. What do you know from the line “ …and are gone to praise God and his Priest and King?”5. Comment on the little speaker?s narrative.Passage 7Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight,And all the air a solemn stillness holds,Save where the beetle wheels droning flight,And drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds.Save that from under ivy-mantled towerThe moping owl does to the moon complainOf such, as wandering near her secret bower,Molest her ancient solitary reign.Questions:1. Those two stanzas are taken from-__________by _______.2.The poem is written in the metrical meter of ______ pentameter.3. The sequence time of the poem is from __________ to___________, together with the country scene especially the cemetery inthe churchyard to foil the sadness and melancholy.4. This poem can be regarded as the typical poem of __________, or maybe you can call it a poem of ________.why do you feel about this?Passage 8How the chimney-sweeper?s cryEvery black?ning chu rch appalls;And the hapless soldier?s sighRuns down palace walls.But most thro? mid-night streets I hearHow the youthful harlots curseBlasts the new-born infant?s tear,And blights with plagues the marriage hearse.Questions:1.What is title of the poem?2. Where is this poem taken from_________.3. Who is the writer of this poem.4. The theme of this poem is _____________________________. ANSWER TO passage 11.“Hamlet”2. Shakespeare3. Hamlet4.“To be or not to be” means to live or end one?s life by self-destruction. Hamlet has already spoken of suicide as a means of escape, and he dwells on it in a later part of this very speech, giving however a different reason for refraining. The notion that in the words “or not to be ”he is speculating on the possibility of “something after death”---whether there is a future life –cannot be entertained for a moment. The whole drift of the speech shows his belief in a future life. Practically the whole speech has become proverbial as an outpouring of utter worldly weariness. ANSWER TO passage 2:1. A2. B3.“Paradise Lost”4.John Milton5.In this passage, God is depicted as a de spot “Who now triumph, and in the excess of joy/sole reigning holds the T yranny of Heaven;” whil e in contrast Satan is presented as the real hero, a rebel with “the unconquerable will, And courage never to submit or yield.” The epic turns out to be an el oquent expression of the revolutionary spirit of the English bourgeois revolution, a call to resist tyranny and to continue the fight for freedom. Herein lies the great significance of the passage and the work as well./doc/205598258.html,ton is difficult to read, because of his involved style with frequent inversions and very complicated sentence structure. His sentences are often long. Yet, to express his sublimity of thought, he wrote in a style that is unsurpassed in its sonority, eloquence, majesty and grandeur—the “Miltonic” style. He is a great master of the blank verse. His lines are rich in the variations of rhythm and pause.ANSWER TO passage 3:1.The Spectator2.Sir Roger at the Church3. a4.Sir Roger represents the country gentry. He is a country gentleman of old fashioned manners. He stands for the old-fashioned virtues of simplicity, honesty, and piety. His foibles, which are describes with a gentle humor, make a setting for his virtues, which point an example to the world of fashion. He is created as a character fit in the novel.5.The periodical literature in “The Spectator” maintained its tone of courtesy and good breeding. Such prose is easy to understand yet capable of variety and beauty. Just as Dr. Johnson described, “His prose is the model of the middle style; on grave subjects not formal, on light occasions not graveling; pure without scrupulosity, and exact without apparent elaboration; always equable, and always easy, without glowing words or printed sentences.”ANSWER TO passage 4:1.Swift2.Lilliput3.Gulliver’s Travels4.Lemuel Gulliver5.The style is characterized by directness, simplicity and vividness. The most grotesque creations are combined with the bitterest satire.ANSWER TO passage 51. “A Modest Proposal”2. Jonathan Swift3. A Mod est Proposal is an example of Swift’s favorite satiric devices used with superb effect. Irony (from the deceptive adjective “modest” in the title to the very last sentence) pervades the piece. A rigorous logic deduces ghastly arguments from a shocking premise so quietly assumed that the reader assents before he is aware of what his assent implies. Parody, at which Swift is adept, allows him to glance sardonically at, by then , the familiar figure of the benevolent humanitarian (forerunner of the modern sociologist, social worker, economic planner) concerned to correct a social evil by means of a theoretically conceived plan. The proposer, as na?ve as he is apparently logical and kindly, ignores and therefore emphasizes for the reader the enormity of his plan. The whole piece is an elaboration of a rather trite metaphor: “The English are devouring the Irish.” But there is nothing trite about the pamphlet, which expresses in Swift’s most controlled style his pity for the oppressed, ignorant, populous, and hungry Catholic peasants of Ireland, and his anger at the rapacious English absentee landlords, who were bleeding the country white with the silent approbation of Parliament, ministers, and the Crown.ANSWER TO passage 6:1. It refers to the poor little boy who has been made black because of their sweeping. Chimneys.-2.The title of the poem is “The Chimney-Sweeper”3. It was the “God and Priest and king” who together builda Heaven of misery for the weak and the poor.4. The language of this short lyric, though, very simple, yetsomewhat ironical satirical which reveals his understanding and knowledge of the source of the misery and sufferings of the poor and the weak.ANSWER TO passage 7:1. Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, Thomas Gray2. quatrains, iambic3. dusk, darkness4. sentimentalism, graveyard schoolSentimentalism seemed to have appeared hand in hand with the rise of realistic English novel. Sentimentalism often relates to sentimentality and sensibility in some literary works . In Poetry, we have Thomas Gray’s “An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”, not mention the various odes of sensibility which flourished in the later half of the century.ANSWER TO passage 8:1. “London”2. Songs of Innocence3. William Blake4. The poem provides a comprehensive picture of the many miseries, physical andspiritual, in London.五. Answer the following questions回答下列问题（There are2 questions in this part , one is for 5 point , totally 10 points）1. Analyze the image of Robinson Crusoe.Robinson Crusoe is one of the protagonists drawn most successfully in English novels. Through the characterization of Robinson Crusoe, Deofoe depicts him as a hero struggling against nature, and human fate with his indomitable will and hand, and eulogizes creative labor, physical and mental, an allusion to glorification of the bourgeois creativity when it was a。
英国文学试题及答案
英国文学试题及答案在英国文学领域有许多经典作品和重要的作家，这些作品和作家对于英国文学的发展产生了深远影响。
本篇文章将为您介绍一些英国文学的试题及答案，希望能够对您的学习有所帮助。
试题一：请简要介绍威廉·莎士比亚的作品和他在英国文学中的地位。
答案：威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）被认为是英国文学史上最伟大的戏剧作家之一。
他的作品包括戏剧、诗歌和史诗。
莎士比亚共创作了37个戏剧作品，包括悲剧、喜剧、历史剧和十四行诗。
他的作品以丰富的人物形象、深入的情感描写和复杂的剧情而闻名。
莎士比亚的作品深刻地揭示了人性的善恶、爱恨和欲望等诸多主题，对于英国文学及全球文学的发展都产生了巨大影响。
试题二：简要介绍查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》及其在英国文学中的地位。
答案：《雾都孤儿》是查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）的一部重要小说作品。
这部小说于1859年首次出版，以伦敦的贫民窟为背景，通过讲述主人公奥利弗·特威斯特的成长历程，揭示了当时社会的不公和贫困问题。
《雾都孤儿》描写了贫富悬殊、社会阶级问题以及人性的善恶等主题，对于英国社会的改革起到了重要的推动作用。
该小说深受读者的喜爱，被誉为狄更斯最伟大的作品之一，也是英国文学中的经典之作。
试题三：请简要介绍简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》及其在英国文学中的地位。
答案：《傲慢与偏见》是简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）的代表作之一，被视为英国文学史上最伟大的小说之一。
这部小说于1813年首次出版，以描写19世纪英国社会的阶级观念和婚姻观念为主题。
《傲慢与偏见》通过讲述女主人公伊丽莎白·本内特与达西先生之间的爱情故事，探讨了社会的偏见、男女间的相互误解以及人性的盲目等问题。
奥斯汀以幽默和讽刺的手法展现了社会的虚伪和愚昧，对当时英国社会的改革产生了积极的影响。
通过以上试题及答案，我们可以了解到威廉·莎士比亚、查尔斯·狄更斯和简·奥斯汀等作家对于英国文学的重要地位以及他们作品所揭示的社会问题和人性的思考。
(完整word版)英国文学复习填空题全
Chapter 1 The Anglo—Saxon Period1 The earliest settlers of the British Isles were the Celts, who originally lived in the upper Rhineland and migrated to the British Isles about 600 B。
C。
2. About 400 to 300 B。
C. ，the Brythons，a branch of the Celts，came to the British Isles and from them came the name Britain。
The culture of the Celts belonged to an early stage of the iron age.3 From 55 B。
C。
to 407 A。
D. , the British Isles were under the rule of the Roman Empire。
At that time the Roman Empire was a slave society。
4 It ruled over Europe and had a high level of the civilization. The Romans defeated the Celts and became the master of the British Isles. It was during the Roman occupation that London was founded。
5 The first Roman general who came to British was the famous Julius Caesar who crossed the Dover Strait in 55 B. C。
《英国文学选读》复习题
Part I: the Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1. Historical backgroundThe early inhabitants in the island we now call England were Britons, a tribe of Celts. From the Britons the island got its name —Britain, the land of Britons, who were a primitive people living in the tribal society.After the fall of the Roman Empire (410AD) and the withdrawal of Roman troops, the Teutonic tribes, esp., the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, conquered the island and called it Angle-land, then England.2. Literature：The Song of BeowulfThe Song of Beowulf = the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons or English people.The Song of Beowulf – Features1) The use of alliteration— the most striking one. In alliterative verse, certain accented words ina line begin with the same consonant sound. There are generally 4 accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration,2) ThemesIt can be concluded that this poem shows how the primitive people fight against the forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader. But it seems that all themes are part of a larger thematic scheme which centers upon the conflict between good and evil.Part II: The Anglo-Norman Period (1066—1350)1. Historical background: The Norman Conquest:After the battle of Hastings in 1066, came the French-speaking Normans under Duke William.1) Three chief effects of the Conquest: B✧The bringing of Roman civilization✧The growth of nationality – a strong centralized government✧The new language and literature2. Literature — Romance:1) The literature the Normans brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure, in remarkable contrast with the strength and somberness of the Anglo-Saxon poetry.2) Sir Gawain and the Green Knighta) The best of Arthurian romances, anonymous, in alliterative verseb) Theme: A test of man’s virtue and truthPart III: Geoffrey Chaucer (1340—1400)1. The Canterbury Tales1) The General Prologue:The tales begin with a general prologue, which provides a framework for the tales and comprises a group of vivid sketches of typical medieval figures.2) Chaucer’s contributions Aa. a master of realism: In his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales, all classes except the royalty and the poorest peasants are presented by the pilgrims. Every figure is drawn with the accuracy of a portrait. It is no exaggeration to say the Prologue supplies a miniature of the English society of Chaucer’s time.b. founder of English literary language: He did much in making the London dialect the foundation for modern English language. He was the first great poet who wrote in English language (Middle English), thus establishing English as the literary language.c. Father of English poetry: He introduced from Italy and France the metrical form - the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the heroic couplet, iambic pentameters with the lines rhyming in pairs.2. Popular Ballads - DefinitionA ballad is a folk song or orally transmitted poem telling in a direct and dramatic manner some popular story usually derived from a tragic incident in local history or legend. The story is told simply, impersonally, and often with vivid dialogue. Usually, a ballad is composed in four-line stanzas with the second and the fourth lines rhymed. The first and the third lines carry four accented syllables whereas the second and the fourth carry three.Ballads flourished particularly strongly in Scotland from the 15th century onward. Since the 18th century, educated poets outside the folk-song tradition —notably Coleridge and Goethe—have written imitations of the popular ballad's form and style: Coleridg e's ‘Rime of the Ancient Mariner’ (1798) is a celebrated example.3. William Langland and Piers the PlowmanPiers the Plowman is one of the greatest of English poems of Medieval times.Part IV: The Renaissance1. The Renaissance—a definitionRenaissance, or, the rebirth of letters, is an intellectual movement. It sprang first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. Two features are striking of the movement. One is a thirsting curiosity for classical literature. The other feature is the keen interest in life and human activities. People ceased to look upon themselves as living only for God and a future world. Thinkers, artists and poets arose, who gave expression, (sometimes in an old guise, though) to the new feeling of admiration for human beauty and human achievement, a feeling in sharp contrast with medieval theology. Hence arose Humanism, the spreading of which indicates that the Renaissance is rather the flourishment of bourgeois art and literature.2. HumanismHumanism is the essence of the Renaissance. Renaissance humanists found in the classics ajustification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy. Thus, by emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the impo r tance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.3. Thomas More1) The first of the English humanists was Sir Thomas More (1478-1535).2) The name “Utopia” comes from 2Greek words meaning “no place” and was adopted by More as the name of his ideal commonwealth. It has been since used to designate the ideal state.4. Francis Bacon (1561-1626)He introduced the essay as a literary form into the English language.5. New Poetic Forms1) The sonnet, an exact form of poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentameter, was introduced from Italy to England by Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard. The first twelve lines are intricately rhymed, which are followed by a heroic couplet. For the next half century, it was one of the most popular forms of English verse.2) In the translation of Vigil’s Adenoid, Henry Howard also wrote the first blank verse, a form of unrhymed iambic pentameters. This form was later masterly handled by Marlowe, Shakespeare and Milton.3) In writing The Faerie Queene, the “poet of the poets”Edmund Spenser devised a special verse form of Spenserian Stanza that consists of eight iambic pentameter lines followed by an iambic hexameter, with a rhyme scheme as ababbcbcc. Later, this form was also used by Byron in his Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage.6. Edmund Spenser (1552-1599)1) "The Faerie Queene” - The dominating thoughts of the poem are nationalism, humanism and Puritanism, all typical of the poet's age. But these new ideas are expressed under the guise of medieval knighthood.2) The publication of Spenser’s first work The Shepherd’s Calendar marked the budding of the Renaissance flower, the language then to be called Modern English, to distinguish from the Middle English of C haucer’s day.7. Christopher Marlowe1) The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama.2) The greatest of the pioneers was Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593), who reformed the genre in England and perfected the language and verse of dramatic works.3) It was Marlowe who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.4) Marlowe's best includes three of his plays, Tamburlaine (1587), The Jew of Malta (1592) andDoctor Faustus (1588).William Shakespeare (1564-1616)1. Shakespeare: the summit of the English Renaissance1) Four greatest tragedies: Hamlet / Othello / King Lear / Macbeth2. Hamlet1) Hamlet’s character and his revengeMelancholy is the key-note of his character.a) REVENGE: The triple wrongs on the part of Hamlet’s Uncle: murder, usurpation, incest. By meditation he knows revenge is easy, but not merely personal one. His mere revenge upon his uncle would in no way solve the problems that trouble and upset him; to expose the roots of the evil and to establish a reign of justice. He has to consider the fate of his country, not merely his personal wrongs.b) PURPOSE: delay killing Claudius to kill the soul as well as the body. If the revenge is done without exposure of Claudius’ wrong, then the abrupt de ath of the king might cause panic to the people and danger to the state. In other words, his melancholy shows his responsibility, for, he considers not his personal wrong but the fate, the future of his country.3. The Merchant of Venice1) Portia, a woman of the Renaissance - beautiful, prudent, cultured, courteous and capable of rising to an emergency. She is one of Shakespeare's ideal women.2) The most remarkable character in the play is Shylock the Jew. Shakespeare shows us everything of Shylock's meanness, cunning and cruelty, and yet his portrayal of the Jew enlists our sympathy.Part V The 17th Century1. John Donne (1572-1631)1) Donne’s poems can be divided into two categories: the youthful love lyrics and the later sacred verses.2. John Milton ( 1608 —1674)1) the second greatest poet of the English language2) the greatest writer of the17th century3) Paradise Lost = his masterpiece3. John Bunyan —Pilgrim’s ProgressPart VI The 18th Century1. Enlightenment Movement1) An intellectual movement that developed in Europe in the 17th century and reached its height in the 18th. The Enlightenment celebrated reason, equality, science and human beings’ ability toperfect themselves and their society.2) Characteristics of the EnlightenmentEmphasis on reason rather than authorityMan’s mind, not God’s wordEncouragement of scientific inquiryBelief in the perfectibility of Man3) In religion, it was against superstition, and dogmatism; in politics, it was against tyranny; and in society, it was against prejudice, ignorance, inequality, and any obstacles to the realization of an individual’s full intellectual and physical well-being. At the same time, they advocated universal education. In their opinion, human beings were limited, imperfect, and yet capable of rationality and perfection through education.2. Robinson CrusoeThemes of Robinson Crusoe: Glorification of the imperialist dream: Robinson = the prototype of the British Empire.3. Gulliver’s Travels4. Laurence SternHe has often been claimed as a precursor of modernist experiment: events not in chronological order, chapters blank, juggled punctuation marks, drawings instead of words sometimes.5. Thomas Gray (1716-1771)An Elegy Written in a Country Church Yard6. William Blake —“The Tyge r”“The question posed in the poem is whether God is the source of both good (the lamb) and evil (the tyger) in the world”.Prt VII Romantic English Literature1. English Romanticism begins in 1798with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s The Lyrical Ballads and ends in 1832 with Walter Scott’s death.2. Romanticism = a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassicism reason3. Characteristics of RomanticismImagination / Idealization of Nature / Individualism / Glorification of the commonplace / The lure of the exotic4. Different perspectives about nature:—a healing power;—a source of subject and image;—a refuge from the artificial constructs of civilization.5. Wordsworth’s Preface (1800) to Lyrical Ballads is the manifesto of English Romanticism.Multiple choice1. As the representative of the Enlightenment, Pope was one of the first to introduce ________ to England.A. rationalismB. romanticismC. criticismD. realism2. “Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.” This sentence appears in ________.A. The Advancement of LearningB. A Dictionary of the English LanguageC. An Essay on CriticismD. Of Studies3. Which of the following works does not belong to John Milton?A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. AdonaisD. Llycidas4. Which of the following is true about the book Gulliver’s Travels?A. It is a study of human nature and life.B. It has high artistic skills in making the story an organic whole.C. It makes criticisms and satires of all aspects in the contemporary English and European life.D. It is not a book of satire though it is a book of rebellion.5. _____ has been regarded as the best comedy since Shakespeare.A. The RivalsB. The School for ScandalC. St. Patrick’s DayD. The Duenna6. William Langland’s _______is written in the form of a dream vision.A. Kubla KhanB. Piers the PlowmanC. The Dream of John BullD. The Faerie Queene7. "The School for Scandal" by Richard Brinsley Sheridan has been regarded as the best ______ since Shakespeare.A. tragedyB. comedyC. proseD. fable8. Which of the following statements is true about the metaphysical poets?A. The diction of their writing is comparatively lengthy.B. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet’s beloved, with God, or with himself.C. They tried to be reconciled with the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.D. The imagery is usually drawn from the ideal life.。
英国文学 名词解释 简答题 期末复习
Literary Terms1.Epic: a long narrative celebrating the great deeds of one or more legendary heroes,in a grand ceremonious style./ a long verse narrative dealing with important historical or legendary figures or events.2.Alliteration: the repetition of the same sounds-usually initial consonants of wordsor of stressed syllables-in any sequence of neighboring of words./ the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of words in a line of a poem.3.Middle English：The English language in the transitional stage from old Englishto modern English through some four centuries (12-15) of development and change has been known as Middle English.4.Blank verse: the unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter.5.Renaissance: the ―rebirth‖of literature, art, and learning that progressivelytransformed European culture from the mid-14th century in Italy to the mid-17th century in England, strongly influenced by the rediscovery of classical Greek and Latin literature, and accelerated by the development of printing. The Renaissance is commonly held to mark the close of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the modern Western world.6.Humanism: a 19th century term for the values and ideal of the EuropeanRenaissance, which placed a new emphasis on the expansion of human capacities.Reviving the study of Greek and Roman history, arts, and philosophy, the Renaissance humanists developed an image of ―Man‖ more positive and hopeful than that of medieval ascetic Christianity: rather than a miserable sinner awaiting redemption from a pit of fleshly corruption.7.Anglo-Norman Romance: a fictional story in verse or prose that relatesimprobable adventures of idealized characters in some remote or enchanted setting;or, more generally, a tendency in fiction opposite to that of realism. / ―Romance‖in this period refers to some verse narrative that sings of knightly adventures or other heroic deeds and usually emphasizes the chivalric love of the Middle Ages in England.8.Allegory：a story in which the characters and events are used as symbols toexpress some religious, political or moral idea.9.Heroic Couplets: a rhymed pair of iambic pentameter lines. / lines of iambicpentameter in rhyming couplets.10.Ballads: are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oraltransmission. They are most characteristic of primitive societies of the English –Scottish border region in the later Middle Ages. The story is told simply, briefly, impersonally, and often with vivid dialogue.11.Ballad Meter: ballad meter contains 4- line stanzas, with the alternation of 4-and3- feet verse to the odd and even numbered lines (sometimes all four lines are in octosyllabics), and rhyming on the second and fourth lines12.Neoclassicism: as a rule, often employed against Romanticism, the term has alsobeen used to describe the characteristic world-view of the Age of Reason, denoting a preference fro rationality, clarity, restraint, order, and decorum, and forgeneral truths rather than particular insights.13.Spenserian Stanza: an English poetic stanza of nine iambic lines, the first eightbeing pentameters while the ninth is a longer line. The rhyme scheme is ababbcbcc. The stanza is named after Edmund Spenser. / a nine-line stanza with the rhyme scheme of ababbcbcc with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter and the last line in hexameter.14.One- man tragedy: begins with the rise of the hero from his humble origin to thezenith of his success and ends with his downfall or death.15.Metaphysical Poets: the name given to a diverse group of 17th century Englishpoets whose work is notable for its ingenious use of intellectual and theological concepts in surprising conceits, strange paradoxes, and far-fetched imagery. The leading poet is John Donne.edy of Manners: a kind of comedy representing the complex andsophisticated code of behavior current in fashionable circles of society, where appearances count for more than true moral character. Its plot usually revolves around intrigues of lust and greed, the self-interested cynicism of the characters being masked by decorous pretence.17.Gothic Novel: a story of terror and suspense, usually set in a gloomy old castle ormonastery.18.Sonnet: a lyric poem comprising 14 rhyming lines of equal length, iambicpentameters in English.19.University Wits:a group of English poets and playwrights who establishedthemselves in London in the 1580s and 1590s after attending at either Oxford or Cambridge. The most important member of the group was Christopher Marlowe. A1．Please make some comments upon the great significances and the progressive views on man in Geoffrey Chaucer’s ―The Canterbury Tales‖.2. Please summarize ―Paradise Lost‖briefly and illustrate the importance of John Milton in the English literary history.B3. Please give a brief introduction of William Shakespeare and his Hamlet. It must contain a general comment on Shakespeare, a summary of the drama, the theme of the drama, and Shakespeare’s literary innovation in Hamlet.4. Please summarize briefly the main literary characteristics in the age of Enlightenment.A1.Chaucer’s masterpiece, ―The Canterbury Tales’ is one of the most famous works in all literature. (2) It is characterized by the principle of realism and humanism.(3) In it, Chaucer created a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his country, and irony and freedom of views reached such a high level of power that it had no equal in all the English literature up to the 16th century. (5) As a representative of a transitional period, Chaucer is not entirely devoid of medieval prejudices.(2) His work is permeated with free-thinking, so characteristic of the age of Renaissance whose immediate forerunner Chaucer thus becomes.(2) He believes in the right ofman to earthly happiness.(2) He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions and a blind belief in fate.(2) He is always keen to praise man’s energy, skills, intellect, quick wit and the love for life. (2)2．The poem opens with the description of a meeting among the angels. The freedom-loving Satan and his followers are banished from heavenly domains and sequestered into the nether world. Satan and his adherents are not discouraged, and also strive for victory. Satan chooses the Garden of Eden as the battle-field, where there live in innocent bliss the first man and woman, Adam and Eve. Satan desired to tear them away from the influence of God and to make them instrumental in his struggle against God’s authority. (5) God learns of his intention, however, and sends the Archangel Raphael to warn Adam and Eve of Satan’s vile project. No sooner is he gone than Satan assumes the shape of a serpent and appears before Eve. By cunning and crafty speeches he persuades her to break God’s interdiction. (5) Eve eats an apple from the forbidden tree and plucks another one for Adam. God sees their misdemeanor and administrators his unwavering justice; they are deprived of immortality, exiled from Paradises and doomed to an earthly life full of privations and sufferings. The poem ends in Adam’s and Eve’s banishment from Paradise. (5)John Milton's literary career cast a formidable shadow over English poetry in the 18th and 19th centuries; he was often judged equal or superior to all other English poets, including Shakespeare. The influence of Milton's poetry and personality on the literature of the Romantic era was profound. Aside from his importance to literary history, Milton's career has influenced the modern world in other ways. (5)B:3. The greatest of all English authors, William Shakespeare belongs to those rare geniuses of mankind who have become landmarks in the history of world culture. Meanwhile, he was one of the first founders of realism, a masterhand at realistic portrayal of human characters and relations. (5)Hamlet is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1599 and 1601. The play, set in Denmark, recounts how Prince Hamlet exacts revenge on his uncle Claudius, who has murdered Hamlet’s father, the King, and then taken the throne and married Hamlet’s mother.(5) The play vividly charts the course of real and feigned madness—from overwhelming grief to seething rage—and explores themes of treachery, revenge, incest, and moral corruption. (5) Under Shakespeare’s pen, Hamlet as a medieval story assumed new meaning and significance. Danish names could not hide from the spectators and readers the fact that it was English which the great writer described in his play. The whole tragedy is permeated with the spirit of Shakespeare’s own time. Hamlet is the profoundest expression of Shakespeare’s humanism and his criticism of contemporary life. (5)4. It is simply for convenience that we study 18th century writings in three main divisions: the reign of so-called classicism, the revival of romantic poetry, and the beginning of the modern novel. As a whole, it is an age of prose rather than of poetry, and in this respect it differs from all preceding ages of English literature. (5)The main representative of the classicism poetry is Alexander Pope (1688-1744), who was a man of extraordinary wit and extensive learning, and his contemporaries considered him as the highest authority in matters of literary arts. Among his other contributions, he elaborated certain regulations for the style of poetical works and made popular the heroic couplets in which he wrote the greater part of his poems. (5)The image of an enterprising Englishman of the 18thcentury was created by Daniel Defoe in his famous novel Robinson Crusoe. It was one of the forerunners of the English 18th century realistic novel. But it was Henry Fielding and Tobias George Smollet who became the real founders of the genre of the bourgeois realistic novel in England and Europe. (5)Another conspicuous trend in the English literature of the latter half of the 18th century was the pre-romanticism. It originated among the conservative groups of men of letters as a reaction against Enlightenment and found its most manifest expression in the ―Gothic novel‖. William Blake (1757-1821) and Robert Burns (1759-1796) serve as two forerunners of the Romanticism. (5)。
《英国文学选读》复习题解析
Part I: the Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1. Historical backgroundThe early inhabitants in the island we now call England were Britons, a tribe of Celts. From the Britons the island got its name —Britain, the land of Britons, who were a primitive people living in the tribal society.After the fall of the Roman Empire (410AD) and the withdrawal of Roman troops, the Teutonic tribes, esp., the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, conquered the island and called it Angle-land, then England.2. Literature：The Song of BeowulfThe Song of Beowulf = the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons or English people.The Song of Beowulf – Features1) The use of alliteration— the most striking one. In alliterative verse, certain accented words ina line begin with the same consonant sound. There are generally 4 accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration,2) ThemesIt can be concluded that this poem shows how the primitive people fight against the forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader. But it seems that all themes are part of a larger thematic scheme which centers upon the conflict between good and evil.Part II: The Anglo-Norman Period (1066—1350)1. Historical background: The Norman Conquest:After the battle of Hastings in 1066, came the French-speaking Normans under Duke William.1) Three chief effects of the Conquest: B✧The bringing of Roman civilization✧The growth of nationality – a strong centralized government✧The new language and literature2. Literature — Romance:1) The literature the Normans brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure, in remarkable contrast with the strength and somberness of the Anglo-Saxon poetry.2) Sir Gawain and the Green Knighta) The best of Arthurian romances, anonymous, in alliterative verseb) Theme: A test of man’s virtue and truthPart III: Geoffrey Chaucer (1340—1400)1. The Canterbury Tales1) The General Prologue:The tales begin with a general prologue, which provides a framework for the tales and comprises a group of vivid sketches of typical medieval figures.2) Chaucer’s contributions Aa. a master of realism: In his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales, all classes except the royalty and the poorest peasants are presented by the pilgrims. Every figure is drawn with the accuracy of a portrait. It is no exaggeration to say the Prologue supplies a miniature of the English society of Chaucer’s time.b. founder of English literary language: He did much in making the London dialect the foundation for modern English language. He was the first great poet who wrote in English language (Middle English), thus establishing English as the literary language.c. Father of English poetry: He introduced from Italy and France the metrical form - the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the heroic couplet, iambic pentameters with the lines rhyming in pairs.2. Popular Ballads - DefinitionA ballad is a folk song or orally transmitted poem telling in a direct and dramatic manner some popular story usually derived from a tragic incident in local history or legend. The story is told simply, impersonally, and often with vivid dialogue. Usually, a ballad is composed in four-line stanzas with the second and the fourth lines rhymed. The first and the third lines carry four accented syllables whereas the second and the fourth carry three.Ballads flourished particularly strongly in Scotland from the 15th century onward. Since the 18th century, educated poets outside the folk-song tradition —notably Coleridge and Goethe—have written imitations of the popular ballad's form and style: Coleridg e's ‘Rime of the Ancient Mariner’ (1798) is a celebrated example.3. William Langland and Piers the PlowmanPiers the Plowman is one of the greatest of English poems of Medieval times.Part IV: The Renaissance1. The Renaissance—a definitionRenaissance, or, the rebirth of letters, is an intellectual movement. It sprang first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. Two features are striking of the movement. One is a thirsting curiosity for classical literature. The other feature is the keen interest in life and human activities. People ceased to look upon themselves as living only for God and a future world. Thinkers, artists and poets arose, who gave expression, (sometimes in an old guise, though) to the new feeling of admiration for human beauty and human achievement, a feeling in sharp contrast with medieval theology. Hence arose Humanism, the spreading of which indicates that the Renaissance is rather the flourishment of bourgeois art and literature.2. HumanismHumanism is the essence of the Renaissance. Renaissance humanists found in the classics ajustification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy. Thus, by emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the impo r tance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.3. Thomas More1) The first of the English humanists was Sir Thomas More (1478-1535).2) The name “Utopia” comes from 2Greek words meaning “no place” and was adopted by More as the name of his ideal commonwealth. It has been since used to designate the ideal state.4. Francis Bacon (1561-1626)He introduced the essay as a literary form into the English language.5. New Poetic Forms1) The sonnet, an exact form of poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentameter, was introduced from Italy to England by Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard. The first twelve lines are intricately rhymed, which are followed by a heroic couplet. For the next half century, it was one of the most popular forms of English verse.2) In the translation of Vigil’s Adenoid, Henry Howard also wrote the first blank verse, a form of unrhymed iambic pentameters. This form was later masterly handled by Marlowe, Shakespeare and Milton.3) In writing The Faerie Queene, the “poet of the poets”Edmund Spenser devised a special verse form of Spenserian Stanza that consists of eight iambic pentameter lines followed by an iambic hexameter, with a rhyme scheme as ababbcbcc. Later, this form was also used by Byron in his Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage.6. Edmund Spenser (1552-1599)1) "The Faerie Queene” - The dominating thoughts of the poem are nationalism, humanism and Puritanism, all typical of the poet's age. But these new ideas are expressed under the guise of medieval knighthood.2) The publication of Spenser’s first work The Shepherd’s Calendar marked the budding of the Renaissance flower, the language then to be called Modern English, to distinguish from the Middle English of C haucer’s day.7. Christopher Marlowe1) The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama.2) The greatest of the pioneers was Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593), who reformed the genre in England and perfected the language and verse of dramatic works.3) It was Marlowe who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.4) Marlowe's best includes three of his plays, Tamburlaine (1587), The Jew of Malta (1592) andDoctor Faustus (1588).William Shakespeare (1564-1616)1. Shakespeare: the summit of the English Renaissance1) Four greatest tragedies: Hamlet / Othello / King Lear / Macbeth2. Hamlet1) Hamlet’s character and his revengeMelancholy is the key-note of his character.a) REVENGE: The triple wrongs on the part of Hamlet’s Uncle: murder, usurpation, incest. By meditation he knows revenge is easy, but not merely personal one. His mere revenge upon his uncle would in no way solve the problems that trouble and upset him; to expose the roots of the evil and to establish a reign of justice. He has to consider the fate of his country, not merely his personal wrongs.b) PURPOSE: delay killing Claudius to kill the soul as well as the body. If the revenge is done without exposure of Claudius’ wrong, then the abrupt de ath of the king might cause panic to the people and danger to the state. In other words, his melancholy shows his responsibility, for, he considers not his personal wrong but the fate, the future of his country.3. The Merchant of Venice1) Portia, a woman of the Renaissance - beautiful, prudent, cultured, courteous and capable of rising to an emergency. She is one of Shakespeare's ideal women.2) The most remarkable character in the play is Shylock the Jew. Shakespeare shows us everything of Shylock's meanness, cunning and cruelty, and yet his portrayal of the Jew enlists our sympathy.Part V The 17th Century1. John Donne (1572-1631)1) Donne’s poems can be divided into two categories: the youthful love lyrics and the later sacred verses.2. John Milton ( 1608 —1674)1) the second greatest poet of the English language2) the greatest writer of the17th century3) Paradise Lost = his masterpiece3. John Bunyan —Pilgrim’s ProgressPart VI The 18th Century1. Enlightenment Movement1) An intellectual movement that developed in Europe in the 17th century and reached its height in the 18th. The Enlightenment celebrated reason, equality, science and human beings’ ability toperfect themselves and their society.2) Characteristics of the EnlightenmentEmphasis on reason rather than authorityMan’s mind, not God’s wordEncouragement of scientific inquiryBelief in the perfectibility of Man3) In religion, it was against superstition, and dogmatism; in politics, it was against tyranny; and in society, it was against prejudice, ignorance, inequality, and any obstacles to the realization of an individual’s full intellectual and physical well-being. At the same time, they advocated universal education. In their opinion, human beings were limited, imperfect, and yet capable of rationality and perfection through education.2. Robinson CrusoeThemes of Robinson Crusoe: Glorification of the imperialist dream: Robinson = the prototype of the British Empire.3. Gulliver’s Travels4. Laurence SternHe has often been claimed as a precursor of modernist experiment: events not in chronological order, chapters blank, juggled punctuation marks, drawings instead of words sometimes.5. Thomas Gray (1716-1771)An Elegy Written in a Country Church Yard6. William Blake —“The Tyge r”“The question posed in the poem is whether God is the source of both good (the lamb) and evil (the tyger) in the world”.Prt VII Romantic English Literature1. English Romanticism begins in 1798with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s The Lyrical Ballads and ends in 1832 with Walter Scott’s death.2. Romanticism = a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassicism reason3. Characteristics of RomanticismImagination / Idealization of Nature / Individualism / Glorification of the commonplace / The lure of the exotic4. Different perspectives about nature:—a healing power;—a source of subject and image;—a refuge from the artificial constructs of civilization.5. Wordsworth’s Preface (1800) to Lyrical Ballads is the manifesto of English Romanticism.Multiple choice1. As the representative of the Enlightenment, Pope was one of the first to introduce ________ to England.A. rationalismB. romanticismC. criticismD. realism2. “Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.” This sentence appears in ________.A. The Advancement of LearningB. A Dictionary of the English LanguageC. An Essay on CriticismD. Of Studies3. Which of the following works does not belong to John Milton?A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. AdonaisD. Llycidas4. Which of the following is true about the book Gulliver’s Travels?A. It is a study of human nature and life.B. It has high artistic skills in making the story an organic whole.C. It makes criticisms and satires of all aspects in the contemporary English and European life.D. It is not a book of satire though it is a book of rebellion.5. _____ has been regarded as the best comedy since Shakespeare.A. The RivalsB. The School for ScandalC. St. Patrick’s DayD. The Duenna6. William Langland’s _______is written in the form of a dream vision.A. Kubla KhanB. Piers the PlowmanC. The Dream of John BullD. The Faerie Queene7. "The School for Scandal" by Richard Brinsley Sheridan has been regarded as the best ______ since Shakespeare.A. tragedyB. comedyC. proseD. fable8. Which of the following statements is true about the metaphysical poets?A. The diction of their writing is comparatively lengthy.B. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet’s beloved, with God, or with himself.C. They tried to be reconciled with the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.D. The imagery is usually drawn from the ideal life.。
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