第一节 语法和词汇知识
五年级上册456单元英语知识小报
《五年级上册456单元英语知识小报》第一节：英语语法知识1. Be动词：是英语中最基础的动词之一，表示“是”的概念。
主要包括am, is, are三种形式，am用于第一人称单数，is用于第三人称单数，are用于第一人称复数和第三人称复数。
2. 名词复数形式：一般情况下，在名词后面加一个-s就可以变成复数形式，如cat变成cats。
但是也有一些特殊情况，如以s, ss, sh, ch, x 结尾的名词，需要在词尾加-es才能转换成复数形式。
3. 形容词比较级和最高级：形容词的比较级一般在词尾加-er或者在前面加more来表示，最高级则在词尾加-est或者在前面加most来表示，如tall的比较级是taller，最高级是tallest。
但有一些形容词需要在前面加more和most才能表示比较级和最高级，如beautiful。
第二节：英语词汇知识1. 动词短语：在英语中，动词短语是由一个实义动词和一个或多个帮助动词或者副词组成，如take care of, look after等。
2. 表示时间的词汇：在英语中，表示时间的词汇有很多种，包括年、月、日、星期等。
年用年份来表示，月用January，February等来表示，星期用Monday，Tuesday等来表示。
3. 表示数量的词汇：在英语中，表示数量的词汇有很多种，包括数字和数量词。
数字从1到10分别是one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten。
第三节：英语阅读技巧1. 标题理解：在阅读文章或书籍时，要先看标题，了解文章的主题和大意，这样可以更好地帮助理解文章的内容。
2. 核心主题理解：在阅读文章时，要注意抓住文章的核心主题，通过阅读理解，帮助理解文章的意思。
3. 关键词语理解：在阅读文章时，要注意抓住文章中的关键词语，通过理解关键词语的含义，更好地帮助理解文章的内容。
第四节：英语写作技巧1. 书写规范：在英语写作中，要注意书写规范，包括字母的大小写、标点符号的使用等，这样可以让读者更好地理解文章的意思。
四川省乐山市2024年中考英语真题(含答案)
四川省乐山市2024年中考英语真题姓名：__________ 班级：__________考号：__________1分，满分15分）从A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．—Hi, you look ____. Why are you so happy today?—Can you believe it? I have just met Miss Zhou, my first teacher!A．excited B．exciting C．excite2．____ amazing it is! The Shenzhou XVIII members raise fish for the first time in Tiangong space station.A．What B．How C．What an3．—Dear, put the knives out of the kids' touch!—OK. I'll do it right away. It's quite necessary to keep ____.A．quiet B．warm C．safe4．—There are some after—school clubs in our school. You can ____ between the Music Club and the Food and Drink Club.—I prefer the Food and Drink Club, for I can learn more life skills.A．avoid B．choose C．hide5．—I'll never forget the experiences ____ we had in the volunteer work last summer.—Me too. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun.A．when B．who C．that6．—Hello, may I speak to Jenny, please?—Wait a minute, please. She ____ in the kitchen now.A．cooked B．is cooking C．will cook7．—People ____ wear helmets（头盔）when they ride e—bikes according to the traffic rules.—Yes. Or they will be punished.A．must B．can C．may8．—There has been less and less pollution in Leshan these years.—The government has made a great effort on it. I'm sure this problem ____ one day in the future.A．was solved B．solves C．will be solved9．—I____ Mike on Monday. He invited us to visit his hometown in his letter.—Do we accept his invitation? We haven't met him for 3 years.A．heard from B．came from C．suffered from10．—Do you know Zhang Guimei, one of the "People Who Moved China"（感动中国人物）?—Yes. ____ she met lots of difficulties, she successfully helped so many students to go to college.A．Although B．Since C．If11．—World Sleep Day falls on March 21st. Do you think sleep is important?—I think so. Sleeping well can give you enough ____.A．courage B．energy C．reason12．—____ do you have a swimming class?—Once a week.A．How much B．How soon C．How often13．The composer who created Learn from the Role Model Lei Feng（《学习雷锋好榜样》）didn't ____ the song would be enjoyed by many people for more than 60 years.A．expect B．allow C．receive14．—I just went back from Guangzhou. Can you guess ____?—I suppose you took the high—speed train（高铁）.A．how did I get thereB．when I got thereC．how I got there15．—The Chengdu Horticultural Exhibition（成都园艺博览会）is really excellent! Thanks for inviting me here!—____A．I'm sorry.B．You're welcome.C．No problem.二、第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第二节完形填空（共15 小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后从36～50各题所给的三个或四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
英语测验考试及答案
高二年级考试英语试题2014.07第一部分英语知识运用（共两节, 满分50分）第一节语法和词汇知识(共20小题；每小题1分, 满分20分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. ______ new system makes it easier for people to have ______ access to railway tickets.A. The; 不填B. The; anC. A; theD. A; an2. Last night we went to Ann’s party，______ we enjoyed ourselves very much．A．there B．that C. which D. where3. The local residents strongly objected to their cars ______for parking here.A. chargedB. being chargedC. chargingD. be charged4. Everyone can receive education. That is to say，education is taken as a right rather thana(n) ______．A．privilege B．encouragement C．assistance D．dignity5. Though we take a great risk of investing in the project, it will______ in the long run.A. go offB. turn upC. pay offD. come up6. Tom said that not until he began to work ______ how much time he had wasted.A. didn't he realizeB. did he realizeC. he didn't realizeD. he realized7. According to experts，China needs to ______ its one-child family planning policy to fight against a worsening gender (性别) imbalance and an aging population.A．arrange B．apply C．adjust D．adapt8. ______ computers are of great benefit to the development of science and technology.A. The fact thatB. That the fact isC. What the fact is thatD. The fact is that 9．There is a mountain, ______ is always covered with snow.A. the top of thatB. the top of whichC. whose the topD. the whose top 10．He was ______by his husband’s sudden death and the loss of her pet dog.A. cast downB. cast awayC. cast offD. cast aside11．AIDS is said ______the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area overthe past few years.A．that it is B．to be C．to have been D．that it has been12．—I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.—I think so. He ______ for it for months.A．is preparing B．was preparing C．had been preparing D．has been preparing13．______ hard late into the night, he soon fell ill in bed.A. To workB. WorkingC. Being workedD. Having worked14．Keep me ______of the meeting tomorrow in case I should forget.A. suspectedB. accusedC. remindedD. informed15. —The plane is due to take off at 7:50 from the airport.—______we fail to arrive there in time?—Try to take another flight then.A. What ifB. As ifC. Even ifD. Only if16. With the advances of technology, plastics have taken the place of many______ materials. A．conventional B．optional C．artificial D．potential17．The performance of the host，______ to please the audience and draw their attention，was greeted with a cold silence，however.A．had intended B．intended C．intending D．to intend18．The success of a government should be measured ______ the happiness of the people as well as the development of economy.A．in face of B．in place of C．in terms of D．in honor of19. — Have you booked a room at the hotel?— I ______ to the hotel the other day, but they haven’t answered yet.A. have writtenB. wroteC. had writtenD. write20. —Our team will play against the Rockets this weekend. I’m sure we’ll win!—______!A. CheersB. CongratulationsC. Good luckD. Go ahead第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分, 满分30分)阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从21—40 各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词汇与语法
宾语：句子中表示动作、行 为的对象或结果的部分
补语：句子中补充说明宾语 或主语的部分，通常表示动
作的方式、时间、地点等
状语：修饰动词、形容词或整个句子的成分，表示时间、地点、方式等 定语：修饰名词或代词，表示品质、特征、所属等 状语和定语在句子中起到描述和限定的作用 正确使用状语和定语可以提高语言表达的准确性和丰富性
主语、谓语、宾语是句子的主要成分 定语、状语、补语是句子的次要成分 句子成分的顺序是主语、谓语、宾语，然后是定语、状语、补语 句子成分的顺序是遵循一定的规则和习惯的
并列复合句：由两个或两个以上的简单句并列组成，表达相对独立的含义。 主从复合句：由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成，从句在句中充当主句的一个成分。 嵌套复合句：一个复合句中包含另一个复合句，形成嵌套结构。 包孕复合句：一个复合句包含另一个简单句，形成包孕结构。
练习建议：多阅读，多写作， 提高语言运用能力
缺少主语或 谓语
句子成分多 余或残缺
语序不当 句式杂糅
词汇选择：根据语境选择合适 的词汇，表达准确含义
语法结构：运用正确的语法结 构，使句子通顺流畅
词汇丰富度：使用多样化的词 汇，增加语言表达的丰富性
语法准确性：确保语法正确， 避免产生歧义或误解
理解句子含义：通过词汇和语法 的组合，理解句子的具体含义。
添加标题 添加标题 添加标题 添加标题
定义：主语和谓语在人称、数、格等方面不一致的语法错误。
常见类型：主语是复数形式，谓语却是单数形式；主语是单数形式，谓 语却是复数形式。
纠正方法：检查主谓是否一致，确保在语法和语义上都符合规范。
示例：正确的句子：“The books are on the shelf.”（书在架子上。） 错误的句子：“The book is on the shelf.”（书在架子上。）
汉语言文学专业基础知识
②副词一般不能单说，只有“不、没有、也许、有点儿、当然、马上、何必”等在省略句中可以单说。
③部分副词能兼有关联作用，如“越说越快”“有说有笑”。“没有（没）”既是动词又是副词，否定人物或事情的存在时是动词，否定动作或性状存在时是副词。“白、老、净、怪”等词修饰名词时是形容词，修饰动词、形容词时是副词。
6． 语法单位：语素、词、短语、句子。它们都是语言中的音义结合体。
语素是语言中最小的音义结合体，可以组合成合成词也可以单独成词。
词是最小的能够独立运用的语言单位，是构成短语和句子的备用单位，一部分词加上语调可以单独成句。
短语是语义上和语法上都能搭配而没有句调的一组词，是造句的备用单位。
句子是具有一个句调、能够表达一个相对完整的意思的语言单位，可由短语或词组成。
实词——形容词
1． 形容词的意义：表示性质、状态等
2． 形容词的种类：性质形容词——软、硬、酸、甜、远、近
状态形容词——雪白、笔直、火热、血红、绿油油、水灵灵、黑不溜秋
不定量形容词——多、少、全
唯谓形容词——陋、盎然、昏沉
3．形容词的语法特征：①形容词常作谓语或谓语中心和定语，多数能够直接修饰名词，少数性质形容词能够直接修饰动词，作状语，通常要重叠或者加助词“地”才可以作状语，一部分形容词也可以作补语；
④有些性质形容词可以重叠，表示形状程度的加深或适中，重叠后不能前加副词“很”。单音节——AA 或 AA的、 AA儿；双音节——AABB,AABB(的)，AABB（儿）；A里AB式
语法和词汇知识{单选}
第一节语法和词汇知识（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. This book tells life story of John Smith , who left school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16 .A . the ; theB . a ; theC . the ; /D . a ; /2.---I don’t suppose the police know who did it .--- Well ,surprisingly they do .A man has been arrested and now .A . has been questionedB . is being questionedC . is questioningD . has questioned3 . I along the street looking for a place to park when the accident .A .went ;was occurringB . went ; occurredC . was going ; occurred D. was going ; had occurred4 . on time ,I would have seen the famous scientist last week .A .If I arrivedB . Had I arrivedC . I arrivedD . If I would arrived5 .The new discovery of gas is of great to the countries economy .signature B . significant C .significance D . sign6 . it during the Second War he died ?A .Is ; whichB . Was ; whichC .Was ; thatD . Is ;that7 . The young man owes his success to many people , his parents .A . after allB . by chance C. on purpose D . in particular8 . The reason why the teacher is successful is due to the fact that his students are .A .superbB . expensiveC . quantityD . a lot of9 . She felt anxious about her son as she for quite a long time .A .haven’t heard himB . hadn’t heard himC . haven’t heard from himD . hadn’t heard from him10 .Modern plastic can very high and very low temperatures .A .standB . holdC . carryD . support11 .---It often rains in that area . Please take an umbrella with you .--- .A .Well ,it just dependsB .All right ,you are welcomeC . Yes , take it with meD . OK ,just in case12 .---Where did the case of murder happen ?---It was in the house my grandmother used to live .A . thatB . whichC . whereD . when13 . ---How did you find the music she played at the concert ?---Wonderful . It’s worth .A . very ; listeningB . well ; to be listened toC . very ; listening toD . well ; listening to14 . When my old friend Jack me ,I didn’t recognize him at that moment .A . came aboutB . came toC . came up toD . came up with15. Some aspects of a pilot’s job be boring , and pilots often work atinconvenient hours .A . can ; have toB . may ; canC . have to ; mayD . ought to ; must16.There is little_____in arguing with Susan. It won’t help at all.A. needB. meaningC. pointD. view17.With_____ he needed____, he left the supermarket happily.A．all, buy B. what, bought C. everything, to buy D. all, buying18.When she first arrived in China, she wondered what the future might have___ for her, but now all her worries are gone.A.in needB.in timeC.in storeD.in preparation19.I think the director’s attitude___ this program will decide what we should do next.A. forB. ofC. atD. towards20. In order to keep their trade___, they would have to buy less goods in the United Stated.A. balancedB. balancingC. to balanceD. being balanced21. The road is designed for only motor vehicles, so once_____ , bicycles are not allowed to go along it.A. opensB. having openedC. openingD. opened22. _____the high price, demand for these cars is very high.A. Because ofB. In spite ofC. In case ofD. Thanks to23. She has always _____ her father and felt highly honored for what he has been doing.A. looked up toB. looked down uponC. looked around forD.looked forward to24. ---Sorry, but I need a bit more time to find my lunch box.---______!We’ll be late for the picnic.A. Don’t worryB. Take your timeC. Take it easyD. Come on25. Louise was very patient _______ me.A. withB. ofC. atD. upon26. —Is three o’clock _____ for you?—I am afraid I will be busy working in my office then.A. enoughB. lateC. comfortableD. convenient27. The food was so ______ that the child couldn’t help tasting it.A. smellyB. invitedC. interestingD. inviting28.---Julia won the prize this time again.---She worked hard when she was at school, which ___her success in her career.A. depended onB. contributed toC. brought aboutD. cared for29.In the name list, two names ____in particular: James and Susan, who are both topstudents in our school.A. call upB. stand forC. call outD. stand out30.A warm thought suddenly occurred to me___ I could use the pocket money to buy abig cake for my mother’s birthday.A. ifB. whenC. thatD. Which31. — Last night, I saw the teens movie Cheetah Girls.—? It’s said that it just went publ ic in America this August 25.A. What’s upB. ReallyC. Are you feeling wellD. Yes32. To support their families, they are willing to ______ many of the disadvantages of city life such as crime, heavy traffic, and pollution.A. put upB. put offC. put up withD. put away33. Chinese students may have good control of English grammar, yet unable to express their ideas in conversation.A. the; /B. a; theC. a; /D. the; a34. We met something unpleasant. But we enjoyed our stay here.A. for a whileB. on the wholeC. in the meanwhileD. on the way35. I was just about to leave home the telephone rang.A. whileB. asC. whenD. then36. my homework, I went out for a walk and felt much more relaxed.A. FinishedB. To finishC. Have finishedD. Having finished37. is well-known to the world that China has had contacts with Japan since ancient times.A. WhatB. ItC. AsD. That38. When the sun rose the next day, he his way to the seashore.A. tookB. foughtC. madeD. caught39. most of the women at that time, Lin Qiaozi was very lucky.A. Compared withB. Comparing toC. To compare toD. Having compared with40. — Were all the people in the car injured in the accident ?—No, only the two passengers who got hurt.A. it wasB. there wasC. it isD. there are41. He turned and went to sleep again, that it was still early.A. to thinkB. thinkC. thinkingD. thought42. With lots of junk food brought in, the was that many people were overweight.A. resultB. causeC. consequenceD. conclusion43. It is reported that more than twenty workers are in the mine.A. caughtB. heldC. keptD. trapped44. — I hear it may get windy tomorrow.—I don’t care it d oesn’t rain again.A. even ifB. as ifC. as far asD. so long as45. it seems to make sense but if you think about it, the rule misses the point.A. At first glanceB. At the first glanceC. In first glanceD. In the first glance46．The repairs cost a lot，but it’s money well．A．to spend B．spent C．being spent D．spending47．When the old man to walk back to his house，the sun itself behind the mountain．A．started；had already hidden B．had started；had already hiddenC．had started；was hiding D．was starting；hid48．He was hoping to go abroad but his parents that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bankA．were deciding B．have decided C decided D．will decide49．To understand the grammar of the sentence，you must break it______ into parts．A．down B．up C．off D．out50．-Would you mind my coming over and having a look at your new garden? My little son’s curious about those roses you grow．_________. You’re welcome．A．Yes．I do B Never mindC．Yes．please D．Not at all51．_______from odler continents for minions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world．A．Being separated B．Having separatedC．Having been separated D．To be separated52．First，it is important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different from ．A．everyone else B．the otherC．someone else D．the rest53．What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before．It is it is long．A．half not as wide as B．wide not as half asC．not half as wide as D．as wide as not half54．Her sister has become a lawyer，she wanted to be．A．who B．that C．what D．which55．He hasn’t slept at all for three days．_______he is tired out．A．There is no point B．There is no needC．It is no wonder D．It is no way56．They started off 1ate and got to the airport with minutes to_______．A．spare B．catch C．1eave D make57．一Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere．一Well．He have gone far-his coat's still hereA．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D wouldn’t58．If I——plan to do anything 1 wanted to，I'd like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible．A．would B．could C．had to D．ought to59．一Father．you promised!一Well. ．But it was you who didn’t keep your word first．A．so was I B．so did I C so 1 was D．so I did60．This picture was taken a long time ago．I wonder if you can my father．A．find out B．pick out C．100k out D．speak out61. It is often said that ______ teachers have ______very easy life.A. 不填；不填B. 不填；aC. the ；不填D. the；a62. —Somebody wants you on the telephone.—____ no one knows I’m here.A. ForB. AndC. ButD. So63. This _____ girl is Linda’s cousin.A. pretty little SpanishB. Spanish little prettyC. Spanish pretty littleD. little pretty Spanish64. He ________ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.A. has learnedB. would have learnedC. learnedD. had learned65. It’s the present situation in poor areas that _____ much higher spending on education and training.A. answers forB. provides forC. calls forD. plans for66. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.A. shouldB. mustC. wouldn’tD. can’t67. Scientists think that the continents ______ always where they _______ today.A. aren’t; areB. aren’t; wereC. weren’t; areD. weren’t; were68. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ______ the answers ready will be of great help.A. To have hadB. having hadC. HaveD. Having69. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when _______ and see him.A. you will comeB. will you comeC. you comeD. do you come70. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _______ at the party, but not ______.A. to arrive; leavingB. to arrive; to leaveC. arriving; leavingD. arriving; to leave71. —Why did you leave that position?—I _________ a better position at IBM.A. offerB. offeredC. am offeredD. was offered72. The prize of the game show is ＄30,000 and an all expenses __________ vacation to China.A. payingB. paidC. to be paidD. being paid73. I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early _______ I can have time for a cup of tea.A. as soon asB. as a resultC. in caseD. so that74. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ________.A. going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go on75. —why does she always ask you for help?—there is no one else ______, is there?A. who to turn toB. she can turn toC. for whom to turnD. for her to turn76．Many people in western countries go to church on , as do some Chinese.A．∕；a Sunday B．the; Sunday C．∕；Sundays D．the; Sundays 77．I have an old friend my respect has grown because he has realized he dreamt of all his life.A．into whom ; which B．for whom ; whatC．for whose ; which D．to which ; what78．The new kind of pen which smoothly is quite popular with students.A．is written B．written C．writing D．writes 79．In fact, hardship is beneficial because it helps build a strong mind, , I think ,that can lead you to great achievement in life.A．one B．this C．that D．it80．No worker and no engineer who it is that is for the explosion of the chemical factory.A．know ; to blame B．knows ; to blameC．know ; to be blamed D．would know ; blamed81．—Why hasn’t Steve contacted us up to now? anything have happened to him?—I’m not sure ,but I guess something .A．Must; may B．Could;mightC．May; must have D．Can; may have82．The high-speed railway service linking Shanghai and Nanjing has __________ the traveling time by half.A．removed B．declined C．relieved D．cut83．his great love for the works of Shakespeare, he has a broad range of interest in other English writers as well.A．Apart from B．In terms of C．Except for D．In addition 84．—Mary, you look confused. Have you made sense of the poem we are talking about?—Yes, I another problem just now.A．thought of B．was thinking ofC．have thought of D．had thought of85．Despite her old age, she is always adaptable and to new knowledge and others’ viewpoints.A．adequate B．willing C．open D．ready 86．On hearing the news, the manager his trip to Sydney and returned to the company immediately.A．broke off B．went off C．kept off D．took off 87．Online shopping sometimes causes us trouble more than provides us with convenience and a refreshing way of life.A．casually B．especially C．specially D．simply 88．It’s very funny that many people who lose weight gain it back after some time and end up back __________ they strated.A．when B．after C．where D．since 89．The new airport under construction , three times as large as the old one,is due to be accomplished next year.A．measured B．measuring C．measures D．to measure 90．— Excuse me, but may I have access to the Wi-Fi here? I’d like to take some photos of the delicious food and update my microblog.[ ]91. _______ English well, one must have a lot of practice.A. SpeakB. SpeakingC. To speakD. Spoken [ ]92. In Britain, you ______ be 18 if you want to drive a car.A. canB. mustC. mayD. might[ ]93. If the robot ________ wrong, you can get a new one for free or get all your money back.A. goesB. will goC. wentD. would go [ ]94. —May I speak to Mr. Green?—Sorry. He _______ a speech now. Please call later.A. givesB. has givenC. is givingD. gave[ ]95. I _______ a headache earlier but I feel fine now.A. haveB. have hadC. hadD. had had [ ]96. Have you seen the movie ________ is playing at the Fox Theater?A. whenB. whichC. whoD. what[ ]97. ______ this rock music, please. I’m afraid some people can’t stand the noise!A. StopB. To stopC. StoppingD. Stopped [ ]98. —Could we see each other at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning?—Sorry, let’s make it ________ time.A. other’sB. the otherC. otherD. another [ ]99. I had to call a taxi because the box was _______ than I’d expected.A. heavyB. heavierC. the heavierD. the heaviest[ ]100. —Would you like to watch the three-D film 2012 with me?—Certainly. I don’t mind seeing it again although I ______ it twice.A. seeB. sawC. have seenD. had seen[ ]101 Some of my friends eat with their eyes. They prefer to order ________ looks nice.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. how[ ]102 —Do you think cinemas _______ by TV and computers in the next century?—Maybe.A. will replaceB. will be replacedC. have replacedD. have been replaced[ ]103. —Could you please tell me _____?—They’re over there.A. where are the restroomsB. where were the restroomsC. where the restrooms wereD. where the restrooms are[ ]104. Martin and his friends didn’t eat up all the food they ordered, _____ they took the rest away.A. soB. orC. forD. as[ ]105. He missed ______ gold in the high jump, but will get _______ second chance in the long jump.A. the; theB. 不填；aC. a；不填D. the; a。
第一课语法
语法基础知识1.语素语素是语音语义的最小结合体，例如：人、吃、大、十等。
语素构成词。
语素可以单独成词，也可以与别的语素组合成词，例如：“人”；“人参”。
“吃”；“吃亏”。
2.词类词可分实词和虚词两大类。
实词表示实在意义，能够作短语或句子的成分，一般能够独立成句。
实词包括名词、动词、形容词、数词、量词、代词。
虚词一般不表示实在的意义，它们的基本用途是表示语法关系。
虚词包括副词、介词、连词、助词、叹词和拟声词。
(1)名词表示人或事物名称的词。
例如：学生，友谊，早晨，前面等。
(2)动词表示动作、行为、发展变化、心理活动的词。
例如：走，爱，使，能够，起来，是等。
(3)形容词表示性质或状态的词。
例如：美丽，迅速等。
(4)数词表示数目的词。
例如：百，一些，第一等。
(5)量词表示人、事物的单位或动作、行为的单位的词。
例如：尺，趟等。
(6)代词起代替或指示作用的词。
例如：我，什么，这等。
(7)副词用在动词、形容词前头，表示动作、行为或性质、状态的程度、范围、时间、频率、语气、情貌等。
例如：很，立刻，都，时常，忽然，不，竟等。
(8)介词用在名词(或短语)、代词前头，合起来表示动作行为的起止、方向、处所、时间、对象、目的等。
例如：从，向，在，把，按照，为了，对于，比，除了等。
(9)连词连接词、短语、句子、表示某种逻辑关系。
例如：和，或者，而且，虽然，但是，因为，所以，只有，如果等。
(10)助词附在词或短语、句子后面表示一定的结构关系或附加意义或语气。
结构助词“地”“的”可以合用为“的”，即定语、状语都用“的”：(伟大)的人民：(勇敢)的前进。
但不作硬性规定，如分开用，要用得正确，定语用“的”，状语用“地”。
例如：的，地，得，着，了，过，吗，啊等。
(11)叹词表示感叹或呼唤应答的词。
例如：喂，哎呀，嗯等。
(12)拟声词摹拟声物声音的词。
例如：砰，轰隆，哗啦啦等。
3.短语短语是由词和词构成的，短语可以作为句子成分；大多数短语加上一定的语调就可以成为句子。
汉语语法与修辞知识 第一节 词汇(思维导图)
词汇一、词的构成词的概念，词的构成：语素词是语言里最小的有意义的可以独立运用的单位以音节的多少为标准单音词双音词多音词三音词复音词（一）语素构词的类型语素是语言中最小的音义结合体，是最小的有意义的语言单位。
按照音节划分单音节语素（绝大多数）:一个音节代表一个语素举例：人、书、字双音节语素踌躇、吩咐、霹雳三个或三个以上音节的因特网、巧克力、维也纳按照词语内部语素的数量1单纯词(由一个语素构成的词)2单音节3复音节134合成词构成词根表示基本意义的语素（词的词汇意义的主要承担者）词缀（加在词根上面）表示附加意义的语素三大类5复合式合成词由词根的相互关系看6联合型（并列式）7偏正型8补充型9动宾型（支配式）10主谓型（陈述式）11附加式合成词根据词根与词缀的位置12词缀+词根13词根+词缀14词根+叠音词缀15重叠式合成词按照语素是否能单用成词语素（单用）人、手、跑不成词语素（不能单用）们、阿16（二）汉语词汇组成基本词汇17重要意义三个特点历史悠久，具有稳固性；社会普遍使用，具有全民常用性；成为构造新词语的基本，具有能产性。
一般词汇18特点包括古语词历史词文言词方言词19概念标准语吸取方言有用成分外来词20音译词21音意兼译词22字母词行业语23隐语熟语24概念25特点包括26成语惯用语27概念28结构29歇后语谚语30概念31结构32特点33例子俗语34概念和谚语有些交叉35比较36例子基本词汇和一般词汇的关系相互依存、相互渗透基本词汇——构成新词（基础）——扩充一般词汇一般词汇（某些词）——（转化）基本词汇二、词形、词音和词义（一）词形371.异形词分类不完全异形词（主流）38仅部分用字不同完全异形词39用字全部不同异形词的语音形式语音形式国家规范《第一批异形词整理表》40选取范围41选取内容42适用范围《现代汉语词典》43首选词主条副条44正条452.同形词（二）词音1.多音词2.同音词46概念47复音词同音词的要求按书写形式分同形同音词异形同音词同音词与多义词的区别a：多义词是一词多义，各项意义之间存在着联系b：同音词是异词同音，词的意义间没有必然联系影响积极意义混乱，影响信息传递与交流消极谐音双关，生动、风趣、耐人寻味3.异读词48概念49限制产生原因文白异读方音影响讹读影响50异读词与异音同形词的区别规定《普通话异读词审音表》（三）词义51概念分类词汇意义（概念意义）实词语法意义（关系意义）实词52虚词531.词义的构成(1)词的理性义54概念55作用(2)词的色彩义①感情色彩义褒义词贬义词中性词褒义色彩贬义色彩②语体色彩义（文体色彩）书面语色彩口语色彩③形象色彩义56概念57形象感58包括2.单义词和多义词（所表示意义的多少）单义词概念分类常见事物的名称专有名词科学术语多义词59概念各意义间有一定的联系60基本义61派生义62引申义63比喻义具体语言环境中只能有一个意义3.同义词64等义词（绝对同义词）对同一事物、现象、关系的不同称谓，其概念意义或逻辑内容相同65近义词（相对同义词）词义大同中有小异，在概念意义方面存在某些细微的差别66重要作用差别(1)意义的轻重不同(2)词义概括的范围大小不同(3)集合概念与非集合概念的不同(4)词义的侧重点不同(5)搭配对象不同(6)感情色彩不同(7)67语体色彩不同4.反义词68相对反义词69就词与词的关系同一范畴音节和结构要求分类70绝对反义词71相对反义词72重要意义三、常见词语使用错误的纠正(一)准确理解词义，注意辨析词义(二)尊重约定俗成的语言习惯，不生造乱用词语73态度查阅《现代汉语词典》《人民日报》、《光明日报》(三)注意词义的范围大小和附加色彩词语备注：1. 从语音形式分析2. 单音节单纯词只有一个音节，如“字”、“看”、“亮”等3. 有两个或更多的音节，不能分开解释各个音节的意义4. 由两个或两个以上的语素按照一定的结构方式和语义关系组合而成的词5. 由两个或者两个以上不相同的词根结合在一起构成6. 两个意义相同、相近或相反的词根并列组合而成例如：信息、开放、品味、反正7. 前一词根修饰、限制后一词根例如：手机、电脑、特区8. 后一词根补充说明前一词根例如：革新、盘活、理顺9. 前一词根表示动作、行为，后一词根表示前一词根所支配、关涉的事物例如：上网、涉外、下海10. 前一词根表示被陈述的事物，后一词根陈述前一词根例如：心疼、民主、自律11. 由一个表示具体词汇意义的词根和一个表示某种附加意义的词缀构成12. 例如：第一、初一、老乡、阿姨13. 例如：稿子、花儿、木头14. 例如：胖乎乎、美滋滋、喜洋洋词缀：附加成分，不表示具体词汇意义，起语法作用构成名词的标志：阿、小、子、儿、头构成动词的标志：化15. 例如：爸爸、妈妈、星星、渐渐、恰恰16. 在词汇系统中的地位和作用17. 词汇中最主要的部分，使用频率高，生命力强，一般交际中必须，为一般人所共同理解，如天、地、头、心。
英语入门学习英语基本语法和词汇
英语入门学习英语基本语法和词汇英语入门学习-英语基本语法和词汇在如今全球化的时代，掌握一门外语已成为必不可少的能力之一。
而在众多外语中，英语更是备受青睐。
对于英语初学者来说，掌握基本语法和词汇是入门学习的重中之重。
本文将为大家介绍英语入门学习的基本语法和词汇，并提供相关学习方法和技巧。
一、英语基本语法1. 词性和句子结构英语单词可以分为名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词等不同的词性，不同词性在句子中起不同的作用。
句子的基本结构包括主语、谓语和宾语，可以通过主谓宾的关系来理解句子的意思。
2. 时态和语态英语中的时态有现在时、过去时和将来时等不同形式，通过使用不同的时态可以表达不同的时间概念。
同时，英语中还有主动语态和被动语态，通过使用不同的语态可以强调句子中的主语和宾语。
3. 句型和句子连接词英语中有多种句型，包括陈述句、疑问句、祈使句等，不同句型在表达方式上有所差异。
此外，句子连接词也是很重要的一部分，它可以用来连接不同的句子或者从句，使句子更加连贯。
二、英语基础词汇1. 基本词汇学习英语的基础阶段，需要掌握一些基本词汇，包括数字、颜色、家庭成员、动物、水果等常见的词汇。
这些词汇在日常交流中经常会被用到，是学习英语的重要基础。
2. 动词和形容词动词是句子的核心词汇，可以用来表示行为或状态。
形容词则用来描述名词的特征或性质。
学习常用的动词和形容词，可以帮助我们更准确地表达自己的意思。
3. 时态和语态相关词汇针对不同的时态和语态，有一些特定的词汇需要掌握，比如表示过去时间的词汇如yesterday、last week等，表示将来时间的词汇如tomorrow、next year等，表示被动语态的词汇如is、are等。
三、学习方法和技巧1. 多听多读多说多写英语学习注重提高听、说、读、写四项能力。
通过多听听力材料，多读文章，多与他人交流，多写作文等方式，可以提高自己的语感和语言表达能力。
2. 制定学习计划和目标制定合理的学习计划和目标，可以帮助我们更有针对性地进行学习。
英语语法第一课
语的动作和状态的。
• 3.表语（predicative）它是放在连系动词之
后表示主语的身份或特征的。表语也就是 主语补语。补语(complement)分为主语补 语和宾语补语。
• 4.宾语（object）它是表示及物动词动作的
对象的。
• 5.定语（attribute）它是限定或修饰名词或
English Grammar 英语语法 第一讲
1.语法是什么？ （What is grammar？ ）
• 语法是语言的组织规律, 它赋予语言以结构
系统。（the entire system of a language, including its syntax, morphology, semantics, and phonology）
• 7.冠词(article, 缩写为art.) 说明名词所指的
人或物的词。An article is a name for the (definite article) and a, an (indefinite
article).
• 8.介词(preposition,缩写为prep.) 表示名词
• 4.他是我的顶头上司。 • He is above me. • 5.微积分对我来说太难了。 • Calculus was always beyond me. • 6.你打这个电话就能找到我。 • You can reach me at this phone number.
4. How does that song go?
• 具体地讲, 主要有下列六种句子成分。
• 1. 主语（subject）它是句子所要说明的人
或事物, 是一句的主体。The subject is the part of the sentence that names whom or
山东省菏泽市巨野县2020-2022年中考英语二模试题分类汇编：单项选择(含解析)
山东省菏泽市巨野县2020-2022年中考英语二模试题分类汇编单项选择2022年山东省菏泽市巨野县中考二模英语试题第一节语法和词汇知识（共10小题；每题1分，满分10分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21. —Have you seen _______TV series A lifelong Journey (《人世间》)?—of course, I have never seen such_________ exciting one.A. the; anB. the; /C. a; /D. a; an22. —Here is a box of chocolate on our desk. For me or for your Dad?—It’s __________ , Mom. Happy Mother’s Day!A. hisB. hersC. mineD. yours23. —China has made a complete victory in its fight against poverty.—As Chinese, we _________ our country.A. are satisfied withB. are proud ofC. are interested inD. are friendly to24. —Can you come over to my house for dinner?—_______________. Shall bring anything?A. Perhaps next timeB. Have a nice mealC. Yes, I’d like toD. It depends25. The English Speech Competition _______the best in her. As a result, she is more active now.A. checked outB. tried outC. left outD. brought out26. —________ your homework?—Not yet. I’ll finish it in ten minutes.A. Did you finishB. Have you finishedC. Will you finishD. Do you finish27. —I can’t get on well with my family.—Why not talk with them? You should communicate _________ things become worse.A. untilB. unlessC. afterD. before28. —Do you know the Chinese saying “A tree can’t make a forest”?—Yes, it tells us that, _______ is very important in everything.A. teamworkB. valueC. spiritD. ability29. —Why do Chinese people like red?—Because the color red is the __________of good luck in ChinaA. reasonB. hopeC. symbolD. dream30. —I wonder_____________________.—Their strong will and love for the country bring them courage.A. why these medical workers risked their lives to fight the virusB. what did these medical workers do for the whole countryC. if these volunteers were worriedD. what these volunteers helped with2021年山东省菏泽市巨野县中考二模英语试题一、单项选择1．What ________ good news! A new railway station ________ in Juye in two years.A．a；will build B．the；is built C．不填；will be built 2．Warm words can touch not only your heart but also ________.A．me B．mine C．myself3．It’s not necessary to find a friend who is the same ________ you.A．in B．as C．to4．We shouldn’t spend so much money on clothes. ________, we should use that money to buy some books.A．Instead B．However C．Besides5．The CCTV program The Readers interests ________ people of all ages.A．thousand B．thousands C．thousands of 6．Starting from 2022, art and music will be tested in the high school entrance exams（中考）, which encourages schools to pay more ________ to art classes.A．attention B．work C．energy7．With the help of the Internet, information can ________ every corner of the world quickly. A．get B．raise C．reach8．Don’t go out if you have the flu. You ________ stay at home.A．should B．may C．will9．________ Square Dancing is good exercise for the old, sometimes it makes a lot of noise. A．If B．Although C．Until10．— Could you come and help with our book sale, Alice?—________.A．Never mind B．I think so C．Sure, I’d love to2020年山东省菏泽市巨野县中考二模英语试题一、单项选择1．Dr. Zhong Nanshan ,who has been working in the medical field for over 60 years, is one of______ famous medical scientists in ______ 21st century.A．the; an B．a; the C．the ; the2．Some people won’t realize the importance of their friendship____ they lose it.A．after B．when C．until3．Because of the new virus outbreak, the Ministry of Education has delayed the start of the spring semester, but _______ students to study at home.A．encouraged B．warned C．allowed4．—Would you like to make the bed or clean the kitchen?—______. I’d like to fold the clothes.A．Both B．Either C．Neither5．The schools had taken strict measures to prevent possible infections（感染）before the students _______back to the classrooms.A．come B．came C．will come6．The_____we do for other people, the_____we will be.A．much；happier B．more；happy C．more；happier7．—He plans to give _____ of his money to the city of Wuhan.—Really? What a kind man!A．two thirds B．two third C．two three8．The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge _______ in 2018. We are proud of it. A．completed B．has been completed C．was completed 9．—Simon, you look smart in the T-shirt. Could you tell me ___________ it?—OK. I bought it in a store online.A．where do you buy B．where you bought C．when you bought10．—I didn’t pass the math exam this time. I feel upset.—_____. You’ll make it next time.A．It’s not a big deal B．That’s for sure C．Sounds great答案：2022年山东省菏泽市巨野县中考二模英语试题21-25: ADBCD 26-30: BDACA21. 【详解】句意：——你看过电视剧《人世间》吗？——当然，我从未见过如此激动人心的电视剧。
七年级英语五四制知识点归纳总结
七年级英语五四制知识点归纳总结在七年级英语学习中，五四制是一种常用的学习方法，能够帮助学生更好地掌握英语知识。
下面将对七年级英语五四制知识点进行归纳总结，以帮助学生更好地掌握和理解这些知识。
第一节：词汇知识1. 单词记忆：在学习英语的过程中，记忆单词是必不可少的一部分。
可以通过诵读、拼写、写句子等方式来加强记忆。
2. 重点词汇：掌握七年级英语教材中的重点单词，如数字、颜色、家庭成员、动物、学科等。
这些词汇是学习英语的基础，需要牢固掌握。
第二节：语法知识1. 时态：七年级英语中常用的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时。
需要掌握这些时态的基本用法、句型结构和动词变化规则。
2. 句子结构：学习句子的基本结构，包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等。
同时，了解常见的句子类型，如陈述句、疑问句、祈使句等。
第三节：阅读理解1. 阅读技巧：阅读理解是考察学生对文章的理解和运用能力。
为了掌握好这一部分，需要培养良好的阅读习惯和技巧，如预测、查找关键词、推测词义等。
2. 理解文章：在阅读理解中，重点理解文章的主旨大意、关键信息和细节内容，同时要提高对于上下文的理解和推断能力。
第四节：写作技巧1. 语法运用：在写作中，正确使用语法是必要的。
学生应当学会合理运用时态、主谓一致、复合句、连接词等语法知识。
2. 丰富表达：提高写作水平的关键是拓展词汇量和丰富表达能力。
可以通过阅读和写作练习来积累更多的词汇和表达方式。
第五节：听力训练1. 听力技巧：提高听力水平需要培养良好的听力技巧，如预测、注意听关键词、辨认语气和语调等。
2. 口语表达：通过听力训练，学生能够提高自己的口语表达能力。
可以尝试跟读听力材料，模仿语音语调和语法结构。
通过五四制知识点的归纳总结，我们可以更加系统地掌握七年级英语的相关知识，提高学习效率和学习成绩。
希望同学们能够善于运用五四制，更好地学习英语，取得优异的成绩。
(完整版)汉语语法基础知识
汉语语法基础知识第一章词类和词性第一节知识概述词类是指词在语法上的分类，也就是把汉语里的所有词，根据它们的词汇意义和语法特点进行分类，这样得出的结果就是词类。
现代汉语教学系统把词分为十二类：实词可以分为：1、名词：表示人或事物名称的词叫名词。
(1) 表示人：老师、学生、作家、工人、鲁迅(2) 具体事物：天、地、花、草、天空、海洋(3) 抽象概念：方法、科学、法律、事业(4) 处所：北京、青岛、黄河、长江、三味书屋(5) 方位：东、西、南、北、上、下、前、后、左、右、里、外、内、中、间、旁、以前、以南、之下、之后、东边、西面、里头。
(6) 时间：早晨、正午、晚上、半夜、上午、白天、夏天、立秋、今天、星期二2、动词：表示动作行为、发展变化、心理活动等意义的词叫动词。
(1) 动作行为：穿、跳、走、纪念、朗诵。
(2) 存在变化：有、增加、缩小、扩大、发生。
(3) 心理活动：想、懊悔、喜欢、担心。
(4) 可能意愿：应该、应当、能够、愿意、必须、敢、肯、会、能、要、可以。
(5) 趋向：上、下、来、去、上去、下去、进来、进去、起来、上来。
(6) 判断：是、就是、正是(7) 使令：使、让、派、请、叫、要求、命令、推举、允许、鼓动、鼓励。
3、形容词：表示事物的形状、性质或状态的词叫形容词。
(1) 形状：大、小、高、圆、长、短、高大、肥胖。
(2) 性质：好、坏、镇定、勇敢、乐观、伟大、优秀(3) 状态：愉快、慌张、急躁、迅速、朦胧、桔红4、数词：表示数目的词叫数词。
(1) 基数(确数) 一、二、千、万、亿(2) 序数：第一、三叔、三年级、六楼、初五、老三。
(3) 分数：三分之一、九成(4) 倍数：三倍、十倍、翻一番(5) 概数：十几概数、十余人、三十多岁、两三个、成千上万、很多人5、量词：表示事物单位或行为、动作单位的词叫量词。
无量(表示人或事物单位的词)(1) 个体：个、位、尺、只、台、条(2) 集体：批、帮、群、套、双、副、对、类(3) 不定量：些、点(4) 度量衡：丈、尺、里、亩动量(表示动作行为的单位) 次、回、下、趟、遍、阵、场、遭、焉动量词也可以借用跟动作有关的事物的名词。
英语基础语法和词汇
英语基础语法和词汇一、基础语法。
1. 名词（noun，[naʊn]）- 定义：表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念等的名称。
- 分类：- 可数名词（countable noun）：有单复数形式，如book（[bʊk]） - books。
- 不可数名词（uncountable noun）：没有复数形式，如water（['wɔːt ə]），milk（[mɪlk]）。
- 名词所有格：- 表示所属关系，有's形式，如Tom's book（汤姆的书）。
2. 动词（verb，[vɜːb]）- 定义：表示动作或状态。
- 分类：- 及物动词（transitive verb，[ˈtrænzətɪv vɜːb]）：后面必须跟宾语，如I love apples（我爱苹果），“love”是及物动词，“apples”是宾语。
- 不及物动词（intransitive verb，[ɪnˈtrænzətɪv vɜːb]）：后面不跟宾语，如He runs fast（他跑得快），“runs”是不及物动词。
- 动词的时态：- 一般现在时：表示经常或习惯性的动作或状态。
主语为第三人称单数时，动词要加 -s或 -es，如He likes reading（他喜欢阅读）。
- 一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，动词一般加 -ed （规则动词），如I played football yesterday（我昨天踢足球了）。
- 一般将来时：表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，结构为will+动词原形或be going to+动词原形，如He will go to school tomorrow（他明天将去上学）。
3. 形容词（adjective，[ˈædʒɪktɪv]）- 定义：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征。
- 位置：一般放在名词前面，如a beautiful flower（一朵美丽的花），“beautiful”（[ˈbjuːtɪfl]）是形容词，修饰“flower”。
山东省普通高中学业水平测试英语试题及答案
山东省普通高中学业水平测试英语试题及答案山东省普通高中学业水平测试-英语注意事项：1.在答题纸上填写密封线内的项目。
2.用钢笔作答，不得在试卷上作答。
3.考试结束后，将试卷和答题纸一并交回。
第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分25分）第一节：语法和词汇知识（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.It is the teacher who taught me when I was a child that I'm going to visit.2.To be honest。
a lot of people attach XXX.3.It was so large a room that a XXX it.4.However difficult the problem was。
he tried his best to solve it.5.I had XXX。
I was XXX.6.The computer was XXX.语试题本试卷共分三部分，满分100分。
考试时间100分钟。
7.In n to money。
there are many other things we need to achieve real happiness.8.Before I could say a word。
he rushed out of the room.9.Despite his XXX。
Henry longs for knowledge and workedto round off his career in science as well as leading a XXX.10.The same to you.XXX else。
They are crazy about them。
Not only is the car the basic means of n in the States。
七年级英语上册同步知识点
七年级英语上册同步知识点第一节词汇在学习英语词汇时，重点掌握以下几个知识点：1.单词的基本结构和读音规律英语单词一般由词根、前缀、后缀和词尾等组成。
要想准确地熟记单词，首先必须了解单词的基本结构，并熟练掌握单词的发音规律。
比如，词尾-ed常读[t]或[d]，词尾-s常读[z]或[s]等。
2.词义和词性的搭配同一个单词在不同的句子中可以表示不同的意思，同时还可以作为名词、动词或形容词等词性出现。
因此，需要我们学习和记忆英语单词的时候，要注重其词义和词性的搭配使用。
3.词汇量的积累英语词汇量的积累需要从日常生活中积累和阅读中积累。
建议学生利用学校提供的课后习题，多看英文原版杂志、报纸、书籍，利用网络资源和移动APP等平台进行单词背诵和记忆。
第二节语法英语语法的学习也是非常重要的。
在掌握句子结构和语言表达能力的基础上，可以更好地理解英语的语法规则，并运用这些规则正确地表达自己的思想和观点。
1.基本句型英语语言中的基本句型包括主语+谓语+宾语。
学生在学习英语语法时，首先要掌握基本句型的语法规则，并逐步理解和掌握其他句型的构造和特点。
2.时态和语态英语语法中的时态和语态是学生掌握英语语言表达的关键点。
对于时态，学生需要学会区分各种时态的构造、用法和表达方式，例如现在时、过去时、将来时等。
对于语态，学生需要理解和掌握主动语态和被动语态之间的区别和应用方法。
3.从句和复合句英语语言中常采用从句和复合句的结构来表达细节和条件。
学生需要掌握从句和复合句的结构和语法规则，并能够准确地识别句子中的各个成分，包括主句、从句、状语从句等。
第三节阅读阅读是学习英语的重要途径之一。
通过阅读，可以增加词汇量、拓展视野、提高语言表达能力和阅读理解能力。
1.阅读材料的选择如果阅读材料过于难懂，学生可能难以理解文章的含义和表达，因此需要选择适合自己的阅读材料。
初学者可以选择一些简单的英文杂志、散文等，逐步提高阅读能力。
2.阅读策略学生需要掌握一些有效的阅读策略，如通过上下文猜测词义、注意词汇重复等，加强对课文和阅读材料的理解。
2009四川高考英语真题(含参考答案)
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（四川卷）英语第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分50分）第一节：语法和词汇知识（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1.—May I open the window to let in some fresh air?—____A. Come on!B. Take care!C. Go ahead!D. Hold on!2. He told us whether _____ a picnic was still under discussion.A.to haveB. havingC. haveD. had3.I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy _____A.oneB. itC. thisD. thatdies and gentlemen, please remain _____ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A. seatedB. seatingC.to seatD. seat5. —Have you _____ ?—No. I had the wrong number.A. got inB. got awayC. got offD. got through6.A great person is always putting others’ interests _____ his own.A. belowB. aboveC.inD. on7.News came from the school office _____ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where8. —How about your journey to Mount Emei?—Everything was wonderful except that our car _____ twice on the way.A. slowed downB. broke downC. got downD. put down9. —Would you please help me with the box?—_____A. Yes, please.B. No, please don’t.C. With pleasure.D. My pleasure.10. _____ many times, he finally understood it.A. ToldB. TellingC. Having toldD. Having been told11. —I wonder _____ you’ll water this kind of flower.—Every other day.A. howB. how longC. how soonD. how much12.Owen wouldn’t eat anything _____ he cooked it himself.A. untilB. sinceC. unlessD. while13. —I don’t care what people think.—Well, you _____.A. couldB. wouldC. shouldD. might14.In order to find _____ better job, he decided to study _____ second foreign language.A. the; aB. a; aC. the; theD. a; the15. —Why don’t we choose that road to save time?—The bridge to it _____ .A .has repaired B.is repairedC.is being repairedD. will be repaired16.Not until I came last night _____ to bed.A. Mum did goB. did Mum goC. went MumD. Mum went17. The teacher together with the students _____ discussing Reading Skills that_____newly published in America.A. are; wereB. is; wereC. are; wasD. is; was18. —You speak very good French!—Thanks. I ______ French is Sichuan University for four years.A. studiedB. studyC. was studyingD. had studied19.My uncle’s house in the downtown area in much smaller than ours, but it is twice _____expensive.A. asB. soC. tooD. very20.Shwe’ll never forget her stay there ______ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
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第一节语法和词汇知识A21. Kitty said that she had grown crazy about nature because she hadn’t been ______ too long.A. outdoorsB. indoorC. indoorsD. outdoor22. When he came into the dinning hall, nobody said hello to him. So he felt _______.A. calmB. ignoredC. lonelyD. sorry23. These pictures will show you ______.A. what does our village look likeB. how does our village look likeC. what our village looks likeD. how our village looks like24. ______ the problem, the three leaders held a meeting in a secret room.A. To settleB. SettleC. To settle downD. Settling25. The result of the examination shows ______.A. what great progress did you makeB. why did you make such progressC. such great progress you will makeD. that you have made great progress26. It is important to keep ______ in an emergency (紧急情况).A. quietB. calmC. silentD. still27. John asked me __________ to visit his uncle’s farm with him.A. how would I likeB. if or not would I likeC. whether I would likeD. what I would like28. The old man died very quickly. He didn’t ______ much.A. suffer fromB. suffer withC. sufferD. suffer by29. I’d like to know ________ Chinese.A. when he began to learnB. where did he begin to learnC. when did he begin learningD. for how long he began to learn30. ______ get a better score, she has been studying hard all day.A. So as toB. In order toC. So thatD. In order that31. While walking the dog, you should take care not to let it _____.Otherwise, it may be dangerous to strangers.A. looseB. tightC. upsetD. crazy32. — Can you help me all the money that I should pay?— Very sorry. Please wait a minute, madam.A. add upB. add up toC. add toD. add together33. This exam is very difficult. Many students are concerned the results.A. aboutB. withC. inD. of34. It is said that more than ten thousand workers have ______ the strike.A. joinedB. joined inC. joined toD. joined up35. — Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?— ______.A. I don’t believeB. I don’t believe itC. I believe not soD. I believe notB.21. ______it is to jump into a pool or go swimming in the sea when you visit Hawaii!A. What funB. What a funC. How funD. How a fun22______ for some time after a tiring day is very enjoyable and exciting for me in summer.A. SwimB. SwimmingC. Go swimmingD. To swim23. Only by hard working can you _______ the goal.A. achieveB. receiveC. makeD. take24.---I regret _____you John has been fired .---I can hardly believe my ears .He is such a fine worker .A. tellingB. having toldC. to tellD. to have told25. More than 5,000 people _______ the important meeting.A. tookB. attendedC. took partD. joined26.. How do you like the cake? It’s quite different from I had last month.A.thatB. whichC. the oneD. whose27. After Yang Li Wei succeeded in circling the earth, ______ our astronautsdesire to do is to walk in space.A. whereB. whatC. thatD. how28.This is one of the best films___this year.A which has been shownB that have been shownC that have shownD have been show.29 That tree, the branches___are almost bare ,is a very old one.A whoseB in whichC on whichD of which30. When _____ my homework, I heard my name _____, but I just couldn’t recognize the voice.A. did; calledB. doing; callingC. did; to callD. doing; called31. The teacher apologized _____ late.A. to his students to arriveB. to his students for arrivingC. at his students to arriveD. at his students for arriving32. After he had finished _____ his diary, he _____ his homework.A. to write; went on to doB. to write; went on doingC. writing; went on doingD. writing; went on to do33. A person with good manners never laughs at people when they are introuble. _____, hetries to help them.A. InsteadB. Instead ofC. In place ofD. And34. Our English teacher advises us ____________ more after class.A. to practice to speakB. practicing to speakC. to practice speakingD. practicing speaking35. I have three ___ notes in my wallet.A. five dollars’B. five dollarsC. five-dollarD. five-dollarsIII. 翻译下列句子1. 他们正在面对面地交谈。
(face)__________________________________________________________2. 根据约翰说的, 下周将有一次会议。
(according)__________________________________________________________.3. 他早起为了赶头班车。
(in order to)__________________________________________________________4. 你和你的同学相处得怎么样? (get along with)___________________________________________________________5. 我们对他的安全都很关切。
(concern)_________________________________________________________6. 你是否需要一个你可以无话不谈的朋友?__________________________________________________________7. 你近况如何?___________________________________________________________8. 我们成为好朋友已十年了。