英语语法定语从句1
英语语法之定语从句
英语语法之定语从句一、定语从句定语从句(Attributi ve Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换), 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
(which / that在句中作宾语)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
高中英语语法知识串讲之定语从句
行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，通常翻译成主句的并列句。
关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
His brother who is now a lawyer always encourages him to go to college.他那个现在是律师的哥哥总是鼓励他上大学。
(他还有其他的哥哥)His brother, who is now a lawyer, always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥，现在是律师，总是鼓励他上大学。
(他只有一个哥哥)一、关系代词的使用【例句观察】①She is the woman (whom / that / who)I wanted to see yesterday. 她是我昨天想看的那个女的。
②The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你扛着的包裹马上要拆开。
③Obama won the Nobel Prize for Peace in the year 2009, which we hadn't expected. Obama在2009年得诺贝尔和平奖是大家都没想到的。
④Your parents are the ones to whom you can turn when you are in trouble. 你父母是你困难时可以求助的人。
【例句分析】①whom / that / who指人，在限制性定语从句中作wanted to see的宾语，可以省略。
②which / that指物，在限制性定语从句中作are carrying的宾语，可以省略。
③which指前面主句内容，在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，但不能省略。
④whom前有介词to，虽然作宾语，但不能省略。
英语语法：定语从句(1)
主语；宾语 作宾语可省 主语；宾语 宾语 定语 作宾语可省 可省 不可省
关系代词:
1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）
The man who I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief.
限制性定语从句的构成
The old lady who lives next to us sells books. You should do all that I said. I have found the teather whom I am looking for . I visited the factory where my father works. 1.从句位置及语序 先行词 之后,用陈述式语序 “….的” 关系词
The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday.
Who/that
The lady
we saw her yesterday is Green
关系代词的用法
指 代 That Which Who Whom whose 人；物 物
人 人 人、物
所作成分 主语；宾语
是否可省略 作宾语可省
先行词 关系词 从句
which、that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替 先行词the building，同时担任从句中的主语， 也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句（无逗号）
定 语 从 The Non-Restrictive Attributive 句 Clause 非限制性定语从句（有逗号）
高中英语必修一语法讲解 定语从句(1)
，定语从句（1）概念引入：She is the girl who sings best of all.她是所有人中唱得最好的。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry .他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。
Give me the b ook whose cover is green.把那本儿绿皮儿的书给我。
定语从句是我们初中学过的一项语法，上面这些句子与你初中学的有差别吗？是不是有点不同呢？从这个单元开始，我们将学习定语从句的升级版，但还是从头开始学哟。
语法点拨【高清课堂：定语从句一 P1】定语从句的定义 Do you know the girl who came here yesterday? 你认识昨天来的那个女孩吗？The book which he bought the day before yesterday is very good .他前天买的那本书很棒。
He is the man whom we should learn from . 他就是我们应该学习的人。
Her friend whose home is very far came to see her . 她的那位家很远的朋友来看她了。
其中粗体的部分就是定语从句，划横线的部分叫做先行词，也就是被定语从句修饰的词。
定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后 面。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：上面例子中的关系代词 who, whom, which, that 是用来引导定语从句的连接词。
这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语或表语。
例如：Those students who study in this school are good at football.（who 代替先行词 students 在从句中充当主语）There is still mu ch homework which we must finish.（which 代替先行词 homework 在从句中充当宾语）关系代词引导的定语从句I. who 和 whom1. who 和 whom 代表人, 当先行词在从句中作主语时用 who 引导，作宾语时用 whom 引导。
高一英语语法——定语从句(1) 教案
一. 教学内容：语法——定语从句〔1〕什么是定语？定语是用来修饰名词或代词的，对其起修饰限制作用。
被修饰的词叫先行词。
英语中可以作定语的词包括形容词〔短语〕，介词短语，非谓语动词等。
→ a pretty girl→ a bottle full of water→the book on the table→the girl standing over there→the school built in 1970此外，句子也可以作定语，也就是定语从句。
→the girl who is standing over there.→the school that was built in 1970.引导词：关系代词和关系副词特点：①连接作用：引导从句，把它和主句连接起来。
②替代作用：在从句中替代它前面的先行词。
③成分作用：在从句中充当句子成分。
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose→A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物，作主语)→The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.〔指物，作宾语〕→Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. (指物，作表语)→Let’s ask the man that is reading the book over there.〔指人，作主语〕→The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. 〔指人，作宾语〕→They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. 〔指物，作主语〕→The fish (which) we bought were not fresh.〔指物，作宾语〕→The boy who broke the window is called Michael.〔指人，作主语〕→The person (whom/who) you talked to is my math teacher. 〔指人，作宾语〕→Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.〔指人，作主语〕→This is the house whose window broke last night. 〔指物，作主语〕英语中，定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
英语语法复习定语从句(一)关系代词09(1)
cleaned for ten years.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
A 1.Here are two pairs of socks, ___you may choose. A.either of which B both of them C .either of whom D.both of whom 2.The football team has 15 members , ___is 25 years old. C A the oldest of them B the older of them C the oldest of whom Dthe older of whom
4. Please take the second chair_______ is over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that
5. Is oxygen the only gas __ helps fire burn? A. that B./ C.which D.it 6. Finally, the thief handed everything _____ he had stolen to the police. (NMET98’) A. which B. what C. whatever D. that
1. The man ____ I saw told me to wait. who 2. The man to _____ I spoke was a whom foreigner. 3. I know a boy ______ father is an whose acrobat. (杂技演员) 4. He saw a house whose windows were _____ all broken.
高一英语语法---定语从句
高一英语语法---定语从句一．几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。
4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。
﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。
【as除外】6.引导词的功能（作用）：﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。
7.定语从句的类型：﹙1﹚限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句The man who you’re talking to is my friend.②由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。
例如：The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。
英语语法大全之定语从句
英语语法大全之定语从句一、限制性和非限制性定语从句1) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
2) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
3) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。
（非限制性）二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
英语语法定语从句
英语语法定语从句1、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
2、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
3、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
4、关系代词的用法（1）that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。
例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle。
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue。
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)（2）which用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。
例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket。
位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作主语)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful。
我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)（3）who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。
在口语中，有时可用who代替whom。
who和whom作宾语时也可省略。
例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England。
英语语法讲解之定语从句
英语语法讲解之定语从句一、几个基本概念1.定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/which/whom/whose﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why﹙3﹚引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。
﹙4﹚引导词的功能(作用)：①连接先行词和定语从句。
②在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。
5.定语从句的类型：﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句Eg.The man who you’re talking to is my friend.②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导Eg.The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.=I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.=介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在相关动词之后。
例如：The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.※﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
英语语法顺口溜：定语从句1 - 限制与非限制性定语从句
英语语法顺口溜：定语从句1 - 限制与非限制性定语从句1.定从分类有奥妙, 限与非限看逗号;定语从句分为两大类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，区分它们有两个标准：1）从内容上看，限制性定语从句与它所修饰的先行词关系紧密，不可去掉，去掉后意思就不完整了；非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充说明的作用，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。
2）从形式上看，限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号隔开，而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。
请看例句：The girl who is wearing a blue necklace is Mary.(限制性)The girl, who is also a student, is planting trees in the field.(非限制性)解析：第一句中的who is wearing a blue necklace是限制性定语从句，没有逗号，不那去掉，否则意思不完整。
定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜；例句：1)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.有人要和你讲话。
2)Those who were for the plan raised their hands.那些赞成计划的举起了手。
3)This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
解析：例句中somebody、those是代词，novel是名词，是被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词，能够做先行词的是名词和代词两类。
定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系；定语从句都在先行词之后，连接定从和先行词的词，叫做关系词。
关系词有两类：关系代词和关系副词。
关系词要注意两点：1）它的人称、数和意思完全等同于先行词，2）关系词在定语从句中做一定的句子成分。
例句 1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男生们是一班的。
英语语法定语从句详解-(1)
How many kinds of Attributive Clauses are there?
The Restrictive Attributive
定 Clause 语 限制性定语从句 从 句 The Non-Restrictive Attributive
先d行on词’是t uevnerdytehrinsgt,annotdhin?g, anything,
something, much, little, none等不定代词，引 导定语从句用that
1.that 与which
1.This is the best TV __t_h_a_t__ is
made in China.
who
The girl
we saw yesterday is Mary.
关系代词的实质-代替先行词
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
The girl who we saw yesterday is Mary.
用which，指人用whom
２如何判断介词
1）、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
This is the book_f_o__r_ which you asked 注意：动词短语不能拆开
The girl we saw who yesterday is Mary.
关系代词的实质-代替先行词
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
英语语法：定 语 从 句
英语语法：定语从句英语语法：定语从句定语从句是英语常见的用来联系多个句子的句型，作用强大而且简洁易用。
我在这里整理了相关学问，快来学习学习吧!英语语法：定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略)who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语whom 指人在从句中作宾语whose 指人或物在从句中作定语as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语留意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法(1)常用于下列结构：suchas; soas;the sameas; asas留意：the sameas 表示同一类，不同一个the samethat 表示同一个(2)as与which的区分a、位置不同as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的依据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。
Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事”。
留意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。
二、只用that不用which的状况1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
英语语法专项1：定语从句
英语语法专项1：定语从句英语语法专项1：定语从句【定语从句综述】定语从句在句中作定语，修饰名词或代词。
被修饰的名词或者代词被称为先⾏词，定语从句⼀般放在先⾏词的后⾯。
引导定语从句的词被称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词，它们在先⾏词和定语从句之间起引导作⽤，在意义上代替先⾏词，在定语从句中充当⼀个成分。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和⾮限制性定语从句。
⼀、定语从句中关系词的选⽤1．找出先⾏词，关系词的选择主要依据先⾏词在从句中所作的成分，先⾏词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，选择关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；先⾏词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词(where，when，why)。
2．who，whom，that这些词代替的先⾏词是表⽰⼈的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的那个⼈吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/that I am waiting for.他就是我正在等待的那个⼈。
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)which，that所代替的先⾏词是表⽰事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
He failed in the exam，which made his father angry.他考试不及格，这使他⽗亲很⽣⽓。
3．关系副词when，where，why的先⾏词是表⽰时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
具体⽤法如下：when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语；why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
The reason why I don’t trust him is that he oft en tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。
【⼩叮咛】先⾏词是时间名词或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语，则不能⽤when或where引导定语从句，⽽要⽤which/that。
定语从句-高一英语语法专题
高一英语语法专题定语从句一、概念1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1引导定语从句、2代替先行词、3在定语从句中担当一个成分。
注：关系代词有主语、宾语之分。
一般whom作为宾语。
3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（一）限定性定语从句（没有逗号）（1）关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）1. that既可代表事物也可代表人which代表事物。
注：that和which在从句中作宾语时常可省略。
e.g. The number of the people that come to visit the city each year rises one million.e.g. Football is a game which is liked by most boys.2.代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which：当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，或者是有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时、既有人又有物时、句中前面有which时都只能用that。
3. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，who作从句中的主语,whom作宾语e.g. The boys who are playing football are from Class One.e.g. Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.e.g. The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.4. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。
考研英语语法 定语从句(1)
LECTURE 1 定语从句本堂目标学会识别定语从句的先行词、关系词，熟悉限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别，重点掌握几种特殊的关系词，识别并理解定语从句。
基础预习定语从句，简言之，就是用于修饰名词或代词的一个具有完整主谓结构的句子。
这个被修饰的名词或代词因为总是在定语从句的前面，所以我们称之为先行词。
而引导定语从句的连词，称为关联词，关联词包括关系代词或关系副词。
【例】(09-Part B)一、定语从句的先行词先行词是定语从句所修饰的对象。
只有正确找出先行词，才能明白定语从句所修饰的究竟是什么成分，才能正确理解句子前后各部分的逻辑关系，分清句子结构，从而正确理解句子。
先行词其实并不一定都是一个词，先行词可以是：1．一个词（通常是名词，也可以是代词）【例】2．一个短语【例】(07-Text 3)3．一个从句【例】(04-61)4．一个完整的句子【例】二、引导定语从句的关系词【例1】【例2】【例3】(07-Text 2)【例4】(99-Passage 1)【例4】(05-Part B)三、定语从句与先行词的隔离考研英语中有很多复杂的定语从句，它们的先行词并不像常规那样紧靠着关系词，而是在先行词与关系词之间插入了很多成分，这时靠近关系词前后的名词就不是先行词了，也就是说定语从句与其所修饰的先词词被分隔，这种分隔有以下三种情况：1．作主语的先行词+谓语部分+定语从句当修饰一个主语的定语从句很长，而此主语对应的谓语部分很短时，可以将这个定语从句与先行词分割开来放于谓语之后以保持句子的平衡。
这种被分割的定语从句要注意寻找其对应的先行词，否则容易出现理解错误。
【例1】2．先行词+其他定语+定语从句先行词同时带有多个定语，而其中定语从句比其他定语长，结构也较复杂，此时，按照英语尾重原则，把结构复杂的定语从句放在其他定语之后。
这种情形最为常见。
【例】(04-完形)3．先行词+状语+定语从句【例】（05-Text 4）四、带有插入语的定语从句有些定语从句的关系词后面往往紧跟一个“主谓结构”，如I know, I believe,he claimed, they assume等。
【英语语法】定语从句(一)
【热点语法】英语定语从句（一）山东潍坊刘永科一、定语从句概述“定语从句”是英语学习的重点和难点，也是英语高考和其他各类英语考试的必考项目。
它是复合句中三大从句（名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句）之一，也是最难掌握的一种从句。
定语从句的难点在于它的特殊结构，即“先行词+关系代词（关系副词）+从句”。
许多同学分不清哪是先行词或干脆忽略掉先行词的概念，因而不能正确使用关系代词或关系副词，更不清楚定语从句中的一些特殊情况。
因此，要想掌握定语从句，就必须弄懂定语从句的本质，掌握其要点：1. 什么叫先行词？准确判断出定语从句所修饰的先行词；2. 关系代词和关系副词有何区别，正确使用关系代词或关系副词；3. 介词置于关系代词之前的情况；4. 关系代词或关系副词的省略；5. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别；6. 定语从句与强调句型和同位语从句的区别。
二、什么成分可以作定语英语中作定语的成份有许多，形容词、名词、代词、数词、不定式、分词介词短语以及地点方位副词等都可以充当定语。
例如：This is a difficult problem.这是一道难题。
（形容词）The doctor told me to open my mouth and put out my tongue.医生让我张开嘴巴伸出舌头。
（代词）Granny cut the birthday cake into twenty pieces.奶奶把生日蛋糕切成了20块。
（数词）He works in a trade company.他在一家贸易公司上班。
（名词）You should grasp this chance to go abroad.你应该抓住这次出国的机会。
（不定式短语）Do you know the man speaking to our headmaster? 你认识正在跟我们校长说话的那个人吗？（现在分词短语）Most of the people invited to the conference are from Europe.应邀出席会议者大多来自欧洲。
大学英语语法之定语从句
是表示“时间/地点/原因”的名词。
02
定语从句的分类
定语从句 请输入您的标题
Clic k Here To Add Title
LOGO
定从的分类
限制性定语从句
无逗号隔开
非限制性定语从句 有逗号隔开
最本质的区别在于前面的先行词的范围是否明确， 是否需要修饰限定。
would pay, … (2010) 12. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the
humanities is nine years. (2011)
关系词在定语从句中作宾语时（及物动词后的宾语或介词后的宾语）， 可以省略。
2. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. (2006)
8. But there are few places w__h_e__reclients have more grounds for complain than America. (2014)
9. That’s one reason _w__h_y_ we have launched Arc, a new publication
二的，e.g. the Great Wall, mother, father, the universe…，此时 要使用非限定性定语从句； 2. 先行词范围“相对明确”，也就是说根据上下文可以判断这个名 词的范围是否明确，此时也可以使用非限制性定语从句
高中英语语法定语从句1
用适当的关系词填空：1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.2. I'll never forget the day________ we met each other last week.3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.5. I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.6. This is the school ______I used to study.7. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?8. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake?11. Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers.12. I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China.13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.14. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.15. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.16. It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.18. This is the very novel about____we've talked so much.19. This is the way____he did it.20. Who is the student _____was late for school today?21. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him?22. What else was there in my brother____you didn't like?23. He lives in the room____window faces to the south.24. He lives in the room, the window_____faces to the south.25. This is Mr. John for____son I brought a book yesterday.26. This is Mr. John for_____I bought a book yesterday.27. This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children.28. And there is one point ______I'd like your advice.29. Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long.30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____you may spend your weekend.用“介词+关系代词”填空（每小题1分；共20分）1. The girl _____ _____ I shook hands at the school gate is the best singer in our school.2. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ _______ she could turn for help.3. The gentleman _______ ________ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.4. He is an experienced worker, _____ _____ we can learn a lot.5. We thought you were a person _____ _____ we could expect good decisions.6. The two subjects _____ _____ my friend was not sure were maths and geography.7. The girl _____ _____ I lent my dictionary is honest.8. He has tried his best to learn English, ______ ______ he has made rapid progress.9. He’ll never forget the policeman, _____ _____ he was saved from the lake.10. The English play _____ _____ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.11. He bought a beautifully printed book ______ _____ there are many nice pictures.12. The little creature _____ _____ scientists are interested is known as ET.13. The age _____ _____ children can go to school is seven.14. The pen ____ ______ she wrote that book can now be seen in a museum.15. The bike ____ _____ he went to school every day was stolen last night.16. She had saved the money, _____ ______ she bought a nice computer.17. That worker made a serious mistake, _____ _____ he was forced to leave his factory.18. In the factory there is a transformer（变压器）_____ _____ is painted the word “danger”.19. This is the official _____ _____ we’ve got the news we need most.20. Is this the camera _____ _____ he took these photographs?选择题1. People spoke highly of the driver_____,in spite of the terrible weather, had saved his passengers from danger.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.as2.The island_____he lived in his childhood is far from the town.A.whichB.in whichC.on whichD.that3.I hope to get_____a tool______he repaired this machine with.A.such;thatB.so;thatC.such;asD.as;as4.The soldiers stopped at the edge of a wood,______was the right place for an ambush(埋伏).A.they thought whereB.they thought whichC.where they thoughtD.which they thought5.Nathan Hale,_____the British guard had found the maps of the British army's defence works,faced his enemy bravely.A.in whose bootB.in which bootC.whose bootD.which boot6.The factory has 500 workers,40 percent_____are women.A.of whichB.of whomC.of themD.of that7.He often talked about the artists and paintings_______impressed him greatly.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.不填8.Students are sure to benefit from every minute_______the best(use) of to study their lessons.A.which makesB.what they makeC.that is madeD.when is made9.This cook is_______we dropped in the other day.A.whomB.on whomC.the oneD.the one on whom10.I will never forget the days_______we spent together and_____we made friends with some farmers.A.when;thatB.that;whenC.when;whenD.which;which11._______is known to all,the Xisha Islands are the territories(领土)of China.A.AsB.ItC.WhichD.That12.His family,_______all music lovers,don't want to miss MTV programmes.A.who isB.which isC.who areD.which are13.Who is the person_______asked for me just now?A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.whom14.He asked more than one elder for advice,_______he hoped to make a wiser decision.A.whichB.by whichC.by which meansD.by that means15.His technique has developed to the point_______he can repair many of the electrically powered farm machines.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which16.Those______have not got bikes may go by bus.A.thatB.whoC.不填D.which17.This is the first time I______here.A.have beenB.have goneC.ame18.I,_______,will try my best to help you out of the difficulty.A.who isB.that isC.who areD.who am19.The comrade I share the room________is a young teacher fresh from college.A.with himB.with whomC.withD.in20.What do you think of the material_______the coat is made?A.whichB.of whichC.from whichD.in which21.The fire started on the first floor of the hospital,______patients were elderly people.A.many of whoseB.whose manyC.many whoseD.many of whom22.The______why Alice didn't turn up was not made clear.A.causeB.matterC.reasonD.truth23.He was the only one of the boys who______willing to do the work.A.isB.wasC.areD.were24.He is not the man_______he used to be.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that25.What does she do______so differnt?A.that isB.that areC.which isD.which are26.Metals are very strong and can be made into any required shapes,_____it possible for them to be widely used inindustry.A. which makeB.which makesC.that makeD.that makes27.I was very surprised at the way_____he spoke at the meeting.A.whichB.by whichC.whereD.不填28.There is nothing in the world______can frighten him.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.where29.Is this village______Chairman Mao once lived in?A.whereB.whichC.thatD.the one30.The picture_______he paid 2,000 dollars was drawn by a famous painter.A.whichB.to whichC.on whichD.for which31.The doctor______is leaving for Africa next month.A.the nurse is talking to himB.whom the nurse is talkingC.the nurse is talking toD.who the nurse is talking32.To get the job started,______I need is your permission.A.only thatB.all whatC.all thatD.only that33.I can still remember the sitting room_______my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where34.A child_______parents are dead is called an orphan.A. whichB. hisC. whose D .with35.Finally, the thief handed everything _______he had stolen to the police.A. whichB. whatC. whatever D .that36.It is such a big box ____ none can carry upstairs．A．that B．which C．as D．so that37.The boy is so good a student _____ I've never seen before．A．as B．that C．which D．so that38.It is such a big box ____ none can carry upstairs．A．as B．that C．which D．so that39.Mary has the same dress ______ her sister has．A．that B．which C．as D．on which40. ____Engels pointed out，labour created man himself．A．Which B．As C．Since D．For41.They have succeeded in finishing the bridge，______ is announced in today's newspaper．A．for B．it C．this D．as42.He won the first prize，______ made me surprised．A．it B．that C．which D．so that43.We didn't go to the film，instead of ______ we went to the concert．A．which B．as C．doing so D．it44.John is from Britain，______ mentioned in our talk．A．which B．as C．he D．it45.This machine，______ might be expected，has stopped operating．A．that B．it C．for it D．as46KEYS: 1. when 2. when 3. which 4. that/which 5. that 6. where 7. that/which 8. where 9. which 10. where 11. where 12. which 13. when 14. that 15. that 16. that 17. (that) 18. which 19. (that/inwhich) 20.that 21.that 22 that 23.whose 24. of which 25. whose 26. whom 27. when 28. that 29. that 30. where1.B 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.D 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B 21.A 22.C 23.B 24.D 25.A 26.B 27.D 28.A 29.D 30.D 31.C 32.C 33.D 34.C 35.D 36.C 37.A 38.A 39.C 40.B 41.D 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.D。
英语语法之定语从句1
定语从句语法完全总结含习题、答案1、定语从句的基本特征一被定语从句修饰的先行词的特征是人还是物以及将要在定语从句中所充当的成份。
二引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词代替先行词在定语从句中充当成份。
选好哪种关系代词或关系副词非常重要。
2、在定语从句中能做主语的关系代词who which that例如关于whoThe number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250,000.This is the man who helped me yesterday.例句关于whichA wide and busy road which was built like a bridge over another road fell onto theone below.The building which stands near the river is our school.例句关于thatHe asked to do things in a way that did not do harm to others. Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?You can take any seat that is free.3、在定语从句中能做宾语的关系代词who whom that which例句(关于who、whom)This is the man whom we talked about.The man whom you met in the school-The old lady who you talked to is Jane’s grandmother.例句关于that 、whichThis is the book which you want.The letter that I received was from my father.All that we have to do is to practise every day.4、在定语从句中能做定语的关系代词4、在定语从句中能做定语的关系代词例句He lives in the room whose door is green.The girl whose father is a doctor studies very well.5、在定语从句中做时间状语的关系副词when例句Oct 1,1949 was the day when the new China was founded.I will never forget the day when I met Mr Liu.6、在定语从句中做地点状语的关系副词whereThis is the place where we lived for 5 years.This is the house where he lived last year.7、在定语从句中做原因状语的关系副词whyI know the reason why he came late.Can you tell me the reason why you are late for school.8、As 引导限制性定语从句时先行词常有such 和the same 修饰as 在从句中不省略,as也常修饰整个句子可放在句末甚至句中或句首。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
知识模块4：定语从句I<标准文本>【考点概述】定语从句是英语学习的难点，也是考研英语考查的重点，每年必考。
定语从句的学习基本要求是熟悉关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句的基本构成、特点和功能；了解定语从句的类别。
定语从句的难点和掌握要求是（1）能够区分when和where引导定语从句和状语从句；（2）能够理解部分定语从句和主句之间隐含的逻辑关系，这些逻辑关系通常为转折、条件、因果；（3）能够在复杂的定语从句中判断出定语从句的先行词，如定语从句的层层嵌套或是定语从句和先行词分隔；（4）能够熟悉一些特殊的定语从句，如“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，或特殊连词引导的定语从句。
【考情分析】在完型中，每年至少有一道直接考查定语从句的语法题，一般会考到对定语从句关系词的选用。
在阅读理解中，定语从句在篇章中出现的频次较高，如不能熟练掌握定语从句，必然会影响对文章的理解。
定语从句在阅读理解中的考查形式有三种：⑴文章不对定语从句直接进行命题，而是对包含复杂定语从句2的句子进行命题，重点是要理清句子结构，抓住句子主干；⑵对文章中的定语从句直接进行命题，这时一般会命制细节题。
作为命题点出现的定语从句，需要对其句意有完整而准确的理解，除了要理解定语从句对先行词进行修饰、限定关系外，还要能够理解定语从句和主句之间存在某种隐形的逻辑关系，如转折、因果、条件等，这也是常见的出题点；⑶篇章中出现由关系副词或特殊关系词引导的定语从句，着重考查考生对这类定语从句的识别。
考生若误把这类定语从句理解为状语从句或其他从句，就会对句子内含的逻辑关系理解有误，制约对文章的准确理解。
在翻译试题中，定语从句历来是考查的热点。
近十年的考研英语试题的翻译部分对纯粹的定语从句的考查就有30次之多。
而且，考研英语翻译中常见定语从句嵌套现象，各种从句层出不穷，要理清这些长难句的层次，就需要快速识别各种从句。
因此，掌握扎实的定语从句知识是至关重要的。
此外，定语从句还会和其先行词分隔，所以判断先行词很重要，否则会影响对句子的正确理解。
更为重要的是，中英文定语的位置存在一定差异，汉语中定语多前置，而英语中的定语包括前置定语和后置定语，而且考研翻译中后置定语居多（尤其是定语从句），要翻译出符合汉语表达习惯的句子，就必然需要进行语序的调整。
因此，能够准确识别定语从句并熟练运用定语从句的语序调整技巧是翻译试题对定语从句考查的要点。
在写作试题中，定语从句是考生的必会句型。
短文写作在首段中描述图（表）时一定会用到定语从句，在分析阐释段落中考生能否准确自如地运用定语从句也是阅卷老师对作文从语言层面进行衡量的标准之一。
本模块重点详细讲解常见的关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句，在定语从句（下）中，主要详解一些特殊关系词引导的定语从句，以及比较复杂的定语从句。
一、定义定语从句是指在句中作定语成分，修饰句中的名词（短语）、代词或整个句子的从句，其中被修饰内容叫做先行词。
引导定语从句的连词叫做关系词。
二、结构定语从句一般位于先行词的后面，定语从句由关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that，as和关系副词when，where，why，whereby等引导。
（一）关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的形式要和先行词保持主谓一致。
1.who用来指代人作主语例1：I didn’t see the man who stole my bag.我没有看到偷我包的那个男的。
例2：Most people who live in less developed countries are quite poor.居住在欠发达国家的大部分人民都很贫穷。
2.whom用来指代人作动词或介词的宾语例1：This is the girl whom/who I met in the street.这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。
例2：The person whom/who I am speaking to just now is our English teacher.我刚刚与之说话的那个人是我们的英语老师。
例3：I’m sure Betty is the very girl with whom you will be glad to get acquainted.我可以肯定，贝蒂是你愿意结识的那种女孩。
3.which既可以指代物，作主语或宾语，也可以指代整个主句例1：Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。
例2：The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。
例3：They said they were French, which wasn’t true.他们自称是法国人，可实际上是在撒谎。
例4：The clock struck thirteen, which made everyone laugh.那个钟敲了十三下，这把所有人都逗笑了。
4.that既可以指代人又可以指代物，既可以作主语又可以作宾语例1：I found a door that was unlocked.我发现了一个没有上锁的门。
例2：The coat that he washed yesterday is still wet.他昨天洗的上衣还是湿的。
例3：The people that you met in the campus are from Australia.你在校园里遇见的人们来自澳大利亚。
例4：He is the only one among us that knows Spanish.他是我们中唯一懂西班牙语的人。
5.whose既可以指代人又可以指代物，作定语例1：The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside．妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。
例2：The car, whose windows were all broken, was a depressing sight.那车的玻璃全碎了，看上去是一片凄凉景象。
6.关系代词用法中的难点：that和which的区别that的用法比which广泛，所以一般情况下可以代替which，但在下面的情况下，只能用which，不能用that。
⑴在引导非限定性定语从句时，必须用which，不能用that例：Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫作蒸发。
⑵介词后不能用that例：Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.而且，人们还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而让所有其他形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。
⑶只能用that，不能用which的情况。
1)当先行词是不定代词all，something，anything，nothing，much，little等时，只能用that引导定语从句例1：We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.我们愿意做一切有利于人民的事情。
例2：All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都已经做了。
2)先行词由不定限定词some，any，no，much，all或the only，the very，the first，the last，the same等词修饰时，只用that引导定语从句例1：He is the very man that you want to meet.他正是你想见的人。
例2：Food isn’t the only problem that such a population explosion presents.粮食还不是这种人口爆炸所引起的唯一问题。
3)先行词由形容词最高级修饰时，只能用that，不能用which例1：This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最有趣的电影之一。
例2：And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating wor ld poverty that we’ve ever had.这是非常好的消息，因为互联网很可能是迄今为止我们拥有的战胜世界贫困的最强有效的工具。
4)先行词同时包含“人”和“物”时，只用that引导定语从句例：He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited．他谈到了他曾拜访过的老师和学校。
5)在限制性定语从句中关系代词用作表语时应用that，that也可以省略例：This is not an easy question that you think it to be.这不是你所认为的一个简单的问题。
（二）关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1.关系副词when，where，why，whereby的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构。
例1：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
例2：Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
例3：Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？2. that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。
例1：His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。