英语句子成分和句型结构
句子成分和基本句式结构
英语句子成分有八种:句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语1.主语(Subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，常位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后。
主语可由下列结构表示。
1)During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）2) We often speak English in class.（代词）3) One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）4) The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）5) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）6) Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）7) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）8) It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2. 谓语(Predicate)：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
1)简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
He practices running every morning.2) 复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。
英语句子成分及5种基本句型
提醒
下列常见“It...”句型。
(1)It is＋n./adj.to do sth.
(2)It is＋adj./n.＋for sb.to do sth. 1. 每天大声的朗读（read aloud）是很重要的。 2. 跟你聊天真是一场噩梦(nightmare)。
3. 要他讲个故事，他会很伤心。
英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构
4．1919年，（在）北京爆发了“五.四”运 动。 The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing
inቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ1919.
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英语基本句型-2主系表结构
本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以 说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词 有: 1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand; 3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;
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英语基本句型-1主谓结构
本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的 谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
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什么可以作主语？
Shanghai is in the east of China. Tom works very hard. I bought a new book. That is a picture of our school. Who knows the answer? Three plus four is seven. The first is the best. To see is to believe. It is important to learn English. 名词
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型句子成分A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。
除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。
主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。
Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.B. 谓语（Predicate）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。
简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.He can speak English well.C. 表语（Predicative）在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。
常见的系动词有be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow,come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.I’m not quite myself today.Who was the first?He is out of condition.The book is what I need.D. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作行为的对象，说明主语“做什么”。
英语句子成分及五大基本句型精讲
英语五种基本结构和句子成分含义一、五种基本句型1.“主语+ 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同，说明“某人或某物如何动作”，或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。
例：He often runs before breakfast.分析：”He”(主语) runs(谓语)此句型结构中的谓语动词一般为不及物动词或不及物动词短语。
2.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同，用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”，或者说“某人或某物发出了动作，并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。
例：I study English.分析：“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
此句型中的谓语动词一般为及物动词或及物动词短语。
例：He can take care of himself.3.“主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同，说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”，或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象，其中一个间接对象为人，另一个为物”。
例：Our teacher taught us English.分析：“our teacher”(主语)“taught”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。
4.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。
例：Our teacher asks us to write a short story..分析：“our teacher”(主语)“asks”(谓语动作)“us”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to write a short story”(补语--补充说明宾语做什么)。
5.“主语+ 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。
英语句型结构与句子成分划分
英语句子成分与句型结构划分一、句子成分划分<1> 句子成分的分类1.Subject (主语) The sun rises in the east.2.Predicate.（谓语）We study English.3. Object（宾语）We love China.4. Predictive（表语）We are Chinese.5.Attributive/Attribute（定语）This is a difficult problem.pletement(补语) We elected him monitor.7.Adverbial（状语）He runs fast.8.Appositive（同位语）This is Miss Zou, my teacher.9.Parenthesis（插入语）To be frank, I don’t agree with you.1. 主语:主语表示句子要说明的人或事物。
一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
如1)The students study hard.2)He usually goes to school at 7:30.3)One and one make two.4)To tell a lie is wrong.5)Learning a foreign language takes a long time.6)Who taught you English last year?2. 谓语:说明主语的动作或状态。
谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致(1) 由动词的各种时态语态表示。
1) He goes to school every day. 2) They are swimming.3) She caught up with the others very quickly.4) This kind of machine is made in China.(2) 由“情态动词+动词原形”表示。
英语句子成分和基本句型
学习好资料欢迎下载句子成分英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1.名词2.代词3.数词4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）5.不定式6.动名词7.主语从句等表示。
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.We often speak English in class.One-third of the students in this class are girls.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.Smoking does harm to the health.The rich should help the poor.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.It is necessary to master a foreign language.That he isn’t at home is not true.改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因。
He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out.That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill.Beyond the mountains lie a small village.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot.Play basketball is my favorite sport.Give up English is not an option.谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
英语句子成分与基本句式结构
四、表语
位于连系动词的后面，用来说明主语的身份、 特征、状态等。构成主系表结构。
例句： 1. This is an English book. 2. You look happy today. 3. They are from America. 4. I don’t feel well today.
英语句子成分和基本句型
句子成分
句子成分: 组成句子的各个部分。 主语 谓语 宾语 表语
状语 定语 补语 同位语
一、主语
句子所陈述的主体，一般位于句首，指动作 的发出者。
例句： 1. You are my friend. 2. My father is a teacher. 3. These girls like English.
第四种：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语.
例句： 1. I can make you happy. 2. They want me to sing. 3. We call him Mr. Smith. 4. The sun keeps us warm.
第五种：主语+连系动词+表语.
例句： 1. My father is happy. 2. She looks beautiful. 3. Her face turns red. 4. My dream(梦想) is to be a scientist.
五、定语
用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特 征的词。
例句： 1. This is a red car. 2. The tall boy is my friend. 3. Harbin is a beautiful city. 4. Mr. Black is a kind and interesting teacher.
英语句子成分及5种基本句型
什么可以作主语？
Shanghai is in the east of China. 名词 Tom works very hard.
I bought a new book. That is a picture of our school. Who knows the answer?
小结
谓语是句子的躯干,说明主语的动作.谓语动词随着主语的 不同而变化,随着时间的不同而变化,随着与主语的不同关 系( 主动关系和被动关系)而变化,总之,时时在变.谓语有三 种不同的形式:
1) 动词 They planted many trees on the hill . 2) 情态动词 + 动词 You must stay at home . 3) 系动词+ 表语 The report is very interesting.
We love China. We have finished reading this book. He can speak English.
及物动词 vt
My mother usually gets up early. The boy often plays in his yard. 不及物动词 vi
代词
The leaves turn yellow in autumn.
形容词
The teacher was satisfied with your work.
巩固练习：
1．冬季白天短，夜晚长
In winter, the days are short and t源自e nights are long.
He brings cookies to me every day.
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
英语句⼦成分和英语句⼦结构讲解⼀、英语句⼦成分和英语句⼦结构讲解：主语（subject）: 句⼦说明的⼈或事物。
主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. He is asleep.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表⽰主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词）Seventy-four! You don?t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I?m poor, I can?t b uy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指⼈）和直宾（指物）宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补⾜语。
英语句子成分及结构
英语句子成分及句子结构英语句子基本构成成分：主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如I ,we, he, she, they ），数词、动词不定式，动名词等。
最常用的便是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式。
主语一般在句首。
(1)名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的。
The students all love their English teacher. ‘这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。
(2)代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。
(3)动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。
(4)动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语是很必要的谓语：谓语由动词构成，谓语时态、语态的变化都体现在动词的变化上，一般在主语之后。
（1）及物动词作谓语We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
（2）不及物动词作谓语Yo u’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。
The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着书。
（3）连系动词作谓语He looks worried.他看起来很担心。
The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。
(4) 复合谓语：①由情态动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks.②由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。
英语句子成分和句型结构
英语句⼦成分和句型结构⼀、英语句⼦成分和英语句⼦结构讲解：（⼀）句⼦成分1.主语（subject）: 句⼦说明的⼈或事物。
主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。
The sun rises in the east.（名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）找出下列句中的主语：Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词）She went out in a hurry.（代词）Four plus four is eight.（数词）To see is to believe.（不定式）Smoking is bad for health.（动名词）The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句⼦）2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesn’t seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。
）：1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表⽰主语的性质、状态和特征。
英语句子成分及句子结构
英语句⼦成分及句⼦结构英语句⼦基本构成成分：主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如I ,we, he, she, they ），数词、动词不定式，动名词等。
最常⽤的便是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式。
主语⼀般在句⾸。
(1)名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的。
The students all love their English teacher. 这些学⽣都爱他们的英语⽼师。
(2)代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽⻋上学。
(3)动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是⽆⽤的。
(4)动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. 眼⻅为实。
△It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握⼀⻔外语是很必要的谓语：谓语由动词构成，谓语时态、语态的变化都体现在动词的变化上，⼀般在主语之后。
1）及物动词作谓语We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学⽣都喜欢这本⼩说。
2）不及物动词作谓语He arrived yesterday. 他昨天到了。
The teacher came in, book in hand. ⽼师⾛进教室，⼿⾥拿着书。
3）连系动词作谓语（实际为系表结构）He looks worried.他看起来很担⼼。
The box itself is not so heavy. 箱⼦本身并不重。
4）复合谓语：①由情态动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks.②由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。
英语句子成分及结构
5状语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的 时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，状语一般放在句 末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。 He did it carefully.（副词作状语） Without his help，we couldn't work it out. （介词短语作 状语） （In order） to catch up with my classmates， I must study hard.（不定式作目的状语）
用形式主语it句型）
Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词作主语）
2 谓语
说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。 谓语必须用动词，放在主语后面， 且主谓一致。 His Parents are doctors. （系动词作谓语） She looks well.（系动词作谓语） We study hard.（实义动词作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和实义动词作谓语）
一、典型例题 写出划线部分的句子成分。 1. Lily is cleaning the desk now. 2. Her garden is the best in our town. 3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. 5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane’s sister. 6. She didn’t come to my party because she was ill.
系动词主要是起到连系主语和表语的作用。 可分四类： 1. 表 “是 ” 如：be“是”(am, is, are, was, were) 2.表 “感觉” 如：look看起来feel感到，sound听起来， smell闻起来，seem 似乎 3. 表 “变” 如：get变得, turn变得, grow变得，go变得, come变得, become 成为 4. 表 “保持” 如：keep保持, stay保持
句子结构,句子成分,五种基本句型
英语句子成分分析句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。
一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。
句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。
句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分.1）主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词,数词或代词担任，一般放于句首.如：Students study. （学生学习）We are friends.（我们是朋友）这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。
2)谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
如：Students study. (学生学习.）We are friends。
(我们是朋友）这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be动词，它们在句中作谓语。
3）宾语：表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。
放在及物动词或者介词之后。
如：They are teachers。
( 他们是老师。
）I play with him. (我和他一起玩。
）这两句话中单词teachers是名词，单词him是带词，它们在句中作宾语。
4）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。
形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。
如：This is a red sun。
（这是个红太阳。
）He is a tall boy。
（他是个高个子男孩。
）这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词，它们作定语。
５)状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分.常由副词担任.修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。
如:The students study hard。
(这些学生学习努力。
)I often write to him. （我常给他写信.）The bag is too heavy。
九大句子成分五大句子结构
will be answered tomorrow.
9. 呼语：称呼用语。
如：Sir、Madam、Your Majesty、Your Highness
3. There be结构的句子扩充：
There be +(定语) +主语+（定语）+（地状） +（时状）.
There is a book on the desk. There is an English book on the desk. There is an English book on Chinese history, which was written by a famous British historian, on the desk that stands near the window. 积木式造句法是英语学习中最简洁明了的造 句方法，同学们一定要多加练习、熟练掌握。
We will make him monitor. The good news made us happy. Please let me in. My mother gets me to read English every morning. He kept me waiting for two hours. The news that our team had won the match made
Thanks! Live with passion! Enjoy your study.
grandpa. The pen which I lost yesterday was given to me as
(完整版)英语句子成分及结构
英语句子成分及句子结构英语句子基本构成成分：主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如I ,we, he, she, they ），数词、动词不定式，动名词等。
最常用的便是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式。
主语一般在句首。
(1)名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的。
The students all love their English teacher. ‘这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。
(2)代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。
(3)动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。
(4)动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语是很必要的谓语：谓语由动词构成，谓语时态、语态的变化都体现在动词的变化上，一般在主语之后。
（1）及物动词作谓语We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
（2）不及物动词作谓语Yo u’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。
The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着书。
（3）连系动词作谓语He looks worried.他看起来很担心。
The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。
(4) 复合谓语：①由情态动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks.②由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。
英语句子成分及句子结构
句子成分与句子结构一、英语词法1、实词与虚词（6+4=10）六大实词（1）名词【n.】：表示人或事物的名称。
如boyfriend house book( 2 ) 动词【v.】：表示动作或状态。
如love read see(3) 形容词【adj.或a.】：表示人和事物的性质和特征。
如beautiful primarypersonal(4) 副词【adv.或ad.】：修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子。
如strongly sideways regularly(5) 代词【pron.】：代替名词、形容词或数词。
如either she some(6) 数词【num.】：表示数量和顺序。
如six thousand zero四类虚词(7) 冠词【art.】用在名词前，表示名词的特指和泛指。
只有三个：a an the（8）介词【prep.】表示名词、代词和句中其他词的关系。
如regarding with through (9) 连词【conj.】连接词、短语、从句和句子。
如and though but(10) 感叹词【interj.】表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的情感。
如hush oh二、句子成分1、八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、宾语(object)、表语(predicative)、定语(attributive)、状语(adverbial)、补语(complement)、同位语(appositive)。
2、Say：（1）I saw your brother yesterday.(2) David is reading now.(3) You are not my cup of tea.(4) The boy playing basketball is my son.(5) All students found the exam easy.(6) She will go home to see her poor father.3、【主语】：主语说明谓语动作或状态的执行者，也就是说它表明这句话说的是谁和什么，主语主要由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的单词，短语或从句充当。
英语语句语法结构句型
英语语句语法结构句型想要学好英语就必须了解英语句子成分和句型结构，小编在这里整理了相关知识，希望能帮助到大家。
英语句子成分句子成分(members of the sentence)英语的句子由主语部分与谓语部分组成。
具体地讲，主要有下列六种句子成分：1)主语(subject)它是句子所要说明的人或事物，是一句的主体。
如I study English(我学习英语)中的I。
2)谓语动词(predicate verb)它是说明主语的动作或状态的，如I study English中的study。
3)表语(predicative)它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身分或特征的，如I am a student(我是一个学生)中的student;Our classroom is clean(我们的教室很干净)中的clean。
4)宾语(object)它是表示及物动词动作的对象的，如I study English中的English。
介词后面的名词或代词，叫做介词的宾语，如They don't work on Sunday(他们星期天不工作)中的Sunday，就是介词on的宾语。
5)定语(attribute)它是限定或修饰名词或代词用的，如He likes to drink co1d milk(他喜欢喝冷牛奶)中的co1d。
6)状语(adverbial)它是修饰动词、形容词、副词用的，如He works hard(他努力工作)中的hard。
[注]虚词在句子中一律不能作为句子成分。
在英文当中，有八大句子成分，分别是：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、同位语、状语。
主语：动词的发出对象谓语：动词宾语：动词的承受对象表语：说明主语的品质、性质、身份、特征和状态，通常在系动词(be/become/feel/sound/turn...)后面定语：用来修饰、描述主语或宾语，形容词通常做定语补语：用来补充说明主语或宾语同位语：即“同等位置”，以一个名词来解释说明另外一个名词或代词。
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分主要有：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。
以下是英语基本句型的介绍：
1. 主语+ 谓语（不及物动词）：这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词，后面不跟宾语，但可以跟副词、介词短语等状语作谓语的补足语。
例如：The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起。
）
2. 主语+ 谓语（及物动词）+ 宾语：这种句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，后面必须跟宾语，表示动作的承受者或结果。
宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词等。
例如：I love music.（我喜欢音乐。
）
3. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语：这种句型中的谓语动词是系动词，后面跟表语，表示主语的性质、状态或特征。
表语可以是名词、形容词、介词短语等。
例如：She is a beautiful girl.（她是一个漂亮的女孩。
）
4. 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语：这种句型中的谓语动词可以同时跟两个宾语，其中一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语。
间接宾语表示动作的受益者，直接宾语表示动作的承受者。
例如：Please give me a book.（请给我一本书。
）
5. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语：这种句型中的谓语动词后面跟一个宾语，再跟一个宾语补足语，对宾语的性质、状态或特征进行补充说明。
例如：We found him in the park.（我们发现他在公园里。
）
以上是英语的基本句型，通过这些基本句型可以组合成各种复杂的句子。
英语句子成分及结构
英语句子成分及句子结构英语句子基本构成成分：主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如I ,we, he, she, they ），数词、动词不定式，动名词等。
最常用的便是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式。
主语一般在句首。
(1)名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的。
The students all love their English teacher. ‘这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。
(2)代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。
(3)动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。
(4)动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语是很必要的谓语：谓语由动词构成，谓语时态、语态的变化都体现在动词的变化上，一般在主语之后。
（1）及物动词作谓语We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
（2）不及物动词作谓语Yo u’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。
The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着书。
（3）连系动词作谓语He looks worried.他看起来很担心。
The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。
(4) 复合谓语：①由情态动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks.②由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。
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一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解：（一）句子成分1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。
The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）找出下列句中的主语：Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词）Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式）Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子）2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hillHe looked after two orphans.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesn’t seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。
）：1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）★（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.找出下列句中的表语。
1. I am a teacher.2. They are on the playground.3. My job is teaching English.4. It gets cold.5. It sounds interesting.4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----及物动词或介词的宾语I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）How many do you need We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语：please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.找出下列句子的宾语部分：1. We often help him.2. He likes to play basketball.3. We enjoy listening to the music.4. She said that he felt sick.5. They are talking about the new student.5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。
这类常用的及物动词有：We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）6.主补：对主语的补充，全称为主语补足语。
He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world. （数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。
而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now8.状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., 或句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
（以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting-room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well.（二）句子结构简单句的五个基本句型1.主语＋不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches.2.主语＋及物动词＋宾语 She likes English.3.主语＋系动词＋表语 She is happy．4.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 She gave John a book.5.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语 She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.★ There +be 句型There are some books on the desk.There lies a book on the desk.Exercises ：分析下列句子成分1. Our school is not far from my home.2. It is a great pleasureto talk with you3. All of us considered him honest.4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．翻译练习：主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）1、你应该努力学习 You should study hard.2、他昨天晚上很晚回家 She went home very late yesterday evening.练习：1、This box weighs five kilos. 这个盒子重五公斤。