美国英语论文美国文学英语论文
美国英语论文美国文学英语论文
中国大学教学 2010年第10期94赵 硕，西北工业大学人文经法学院副教授，瑞典卡尔斯塔德大学客座教授，美国洛杉矶加利福尼亚大学（UCLA ）访问学者。
美国UCLA 大学英语教学模式的发展与启示赵 硕摘 要：本文在分析UCLA （美国加州大学洛杉矶分校）英语教育特点的基础上，探讨了21世纪以来UCLA 大学英语教育的变革动因，概括了基于ESL 学习标准的UCLA 大学英语教学目标和策略，分析了UCLA 在交际能力培养和使用现代教育技术的基础上如何创造性地运用轻松自由教学模式以更好地实施跨学科教学，在此基础上提出了其教学模式与策略对我国大学外语教学的启示。
关键词：UCLA ；大学英语；教学模式；第二语言美国加州大学洛杉矶分校共设有13个学院，其中文理学院人文学科设有英语外语教学专业，这既是基于UCLA 的学生来自世界一百多个国家和地区，也是为了推进英语的国际化和学生的教学需要而设置的，UCLA 的大学英语教学模式的发展值得我们研究与探讨。
一、UCLA 大学英语教育变革的动因自2004年起，随着美国政府在教育政策、教育经费投入、教师待遇和教育国际交流等诸方面向外语教育倾斜，UCLA 给予大学外语教学前所未有的资助和扶持，其高校英语教育变革也随之启动。
随着全球化进程和高等教育国际化的日益推进，UCLA 日益感觉到让学校的各国大学生学习英语语言与文化的重要性。
美国著名的民意分析和社会学家丹尔·扬克洛维奇认为：让居住在美国的外来人口理解英语语言和文化是美国高等教育在今后十年内必须解决的五大迫切需要之一[1]。
无疑，通过高校英语教育，UCLA 的各国大学生可以熟悉和了解美国或其他国家的文化和语言，更多地理解他人的思想和看法。
UCLA 认为学校需要对世界持有一种包容开放的姿态，要学会从别人的视角和眼光看待世界，而大学英语教育恰好能使青年一代唯我独尊的思想有所改善, 从而使各国的大学生能够在毕业后更好地融入美国这样一个多元文化的社会。
美国文学经典名著 英语作文
美国文学经典名著英语作文The American literary classics have been a source of inspiration and enlightenment for generations of readers around the world. These timeless works of art have not only entertained and captivated audiences but have also served as a mirror, reflecting the complexities of the human experience. From the haunting tales of Edgar Allan Poe to the sweeping epics of Herman Melville, the American literary canon is a testament to the enduring power of the written word.One of the most celebrated American literary classics is "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee. This Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, set in the segregated South during the Great Depression, explores themes of racial injustice, the loss of innocence, and the power of empathy. Through the eyes of the young protagonist, Scout Finch, readers are drawn into a world where the lines between good and evil are often blurred, and the pursuit of justice is fraught with challenges. The character of Atticus Finch, Scout's father and a principled lawyer, has become an enduring symbol of moral courage and integrity, inspiring readers to stand up for what is right in the face of adversity.Another quintessential American literary classic is "The Great Gatsby"by F. Scott Fitzgerald. This captivating novel, set against the backdrop of the Roaring Twenties, delves into the themes of wealth, social class, and the pursuit of the American Dream. The enigmatic Jay Gatsby, with his lavish parties and mysterious past, serves as a metaphor for the excesses and disillusionment of the era. Through the lens of the narrator, Nick Carraway, readers are invited to witness the downfall of the American Dream and the tragic consequences of the relentless pursuit of material success.Herman Melville's "Moby-Dick" is widely regarded as one of the greatest American novels of all time. This epic tale of man's struggle against the forces of nature, symbolized by the white whale, Moby-Dick, is a profound exploration of the human condition. The novel's central character, Captain Ahab, is a complex and haunting figure, driven by an obsessive quest for vengeance that ultimately leads to his own downfall. Melville's masterful use of symbolism and his deep philosophical insights have made "Moby-Dick" a beloved classic, inspiring generations of readers to delve into the depths of the human experience.Another iconic American literary classic is "The Catcher in the Rye" by J.D. Salinger. This coming-of-age novel follows the journey of the protagonist, Holden Caulfield, as he navigates the complexities of adolescence and the disillusionment of the adult world. Salinger's distinctive narrative voice and Holden's sardonic wit have made thisnovel a beloved touchstone for generations of readers, who have found solace and resonance in the character's struggles to find meaning and authenticity in a world that often seems indifferent and hypocritical.The works of Ernest Hemingway have also left an indelible mark on American literature. Novels like "The Sun Also Rises" and "The Old Man and the Sea" are celebrated for their spare, yet powerful, prose and their exploration of themes such as the human condition, the nature of masculinity, and the search for meaning in a world ravaged by war and conflict. Hemingway's characters, often grappling with the harsh realities of life, have become iconic representations of the resilience and determination of the human spirit.The American literary canon is further enriched by the works of authors such as Toni Morrison, whose novels "Beloved" and "Song of Solomon" have explored the complex legacies of slavery and the African-American experience. Maya Angelou's autobiographical works, such as "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings," have given voice to the struggles and triumphs of African-American women, while the novels of John Steinbeck, including "The Grapes of Wrath" and "Of Mice and Men," have shed light on the plight of the working class and the enduring human spirit in the face of adversity.These American literary classics, and many others, have not onlyentertained and enlightened readers but have also served as a powerful lens through which we can understand the complexities of the human experience. They have challenged us to confront our own biases and preconceptions, to grapple with the moral and ethical dilemmas that shape our world, and to find solace and inspiration in the timeless stories that have come to define the American literary tradition.As we continue to explore and engage with these masterpieces, we are reminded of the enduring power of the written word and the transformative impact that great literature can have on our lives. The American literary classics have not only stood the test of time but have also become an integral part of our cultural heritage, shaping the way we understand ourselves and the world around us.。
英美文学毕业论文英语模板
英美文学毕业论文英语模板Introduction:This study aims to explore the field of English and American literature in order to gain a deeper understanding of its historical, cultural, and literary significance. The focus will be on examining key literary works and their impact on society, as well as analyzing the diverse themes and styles present in English and American literature.Chapter 1: Historical Background1.1 Overview of English Literature- Highlight the development and evolution of English literature from its origins to the present day.- Discuss notable periods and movements such as the Renaissance, Romanticism, and Modernism, and their contributions to the literary landscape.1.2 Overview of American Literature- Provide a brief history of American literature, including the early colonial period, the American Revolution, and the emergence of a unique American voice in literature.- Explore the influence of major literary movements such as Transcendentalism, Realism, and the Beat Generation.Chapter 2: Notable Literary Works2.1 Shakespeare's Impact on Literature- Examine the works of William Shakespeare and their enduring impact on English and American literature.- Discuss the universal themes and complex characters in plays such as Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Macbeth.2.2 The Great Gatsby and the American Dream- Analyze F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel, The Great Gatsby, as a reflection of the American Dream and the disillusionment of the 1920s Jazz Age.- Explore the themes of wealth, class, and social mobility in the context of American society.Chapter 3: Themes and Styles in English and American Literature3.1 Love and Relationships- Examine the portrayal of love and relationships in English and American literature, focusing on works such as Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice and Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms.- Analyze the different perspectives and ideologies surrounding love and relationships in these works.3.2 Identity and Quest for Freedom- Discuss the theme of identity and the yearning for freedom in literary works such as Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man and Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar.- Explore how these works shed light on issues of race, gender, and societal expectations.Conclusion:This study provides an overview of English and American literature, highlighting its historical significance and exploring the diverse themes and styles present in this rich literary tradition. Through the analysis of notable literary works, this study aims to deepen our understanding of the societal, cultural, and artistic developments that have shaped English and American literature. By studying these works, we can gain insight into the human experience across different time periods and cultural contexts.。
英美文学鉴赏论文英文版
Appreciation of pride and prejudice“It is a truth universally acknowledged,that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife”. This is the first sentence in this book.It’s impressive and classical. The author’s next words are more interesting.”However litter known the feelings or views of such a man be on his first entering neighbourhood,this truth is so well fixed in the minds of th e surrounding families,that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. ”The undertone is very clear: the foundation of the marriage at that time is not emotion but possession. People always think that Austen was an expert at telling love stories. In fact, the marriage in her book is not the result of love, but the result of economic needs.The marriage between Darcy and Elizabeth reveals the characteristics which constitutes a successful marriage. Elizabeth,the second daughter of Mr Bonnet,is a smart、intelligent and active girl. One of these characteristics is that the feeling cannot be brought on by appearances, and must gradually develop between the two people as they get to know one another.There are five marriages in the book.However, unlike Darcy and Elizabeth, there is a flaw in Bingly and Jane’s relationsh ip. The flaw is that both characters are too gullible and too good-hearted to ever act strongly against external forces that may attempt to separate them.Obviously, Lydia and Wickham‘s marriage is an example of an bad marriage. Their marriage was based on appearances, good looks, and youthful vivacity. Once these qualities can no longer be seenby each other, the once strong relationship will slowly fade away.Although little is told of how Mr. Bennet and Mrs. Bennet got together, it can be inferred by their conversions that their relationship was similar to that of Lydia and Wickham.He is Jane Austen‘s example of a weak father. Austen shows that it is necessary to use good judgement to select a spouse, otherwise the two people will lose respect for each other The last example of a marriage is a of a different nature than the ones mentioned above. The marriage between Mr. Collins and Charlotte is based on economics rather than on love or appearance. It was a common practice during Austen‘s time for women to marry a husband to save herself from spinsterhood or to gain financial security.After reading this book, I can strongly feel that the author ridicule the universal phenomenon in Britain at that time that younger sons and daughters who are used to luxurious lives have no choice but marry a man or woman in possession of a large fortune to continue their comfortable lives.Thus, we can see that getting married is a way to become wealthier, particularly for women without many possessions. It’s ridiculous.We married for love but not for money.So we should pursue the true love based on freedom and equality.班级：财务102 个人主页穆格子。
美国文学论文原创全英文版《美国三部曲》的主题
邯郸学院本科毕业论文题目析《“美国”三部曲》的主题思想—以《赚大钱》为例学生 ***学号20100120021005指导教师 ****教授年级 2010级专业英语（师范类）二级学院外国语学院*******外国语学院2014年5月B.A. ThesisOn the Themes of U. S. A. —A Case Study ofThe Big MoneyByXie WenpingSupervisor: Professor. Sun HongyanA Thesis Submitted to School of Foreign LanguagesOf Handan College in Partial FulfillmentOf the Requirement for the DegreeOf Bachelor of ArtsHandan, ChinaMay, 2014郑重声明本人的毕业论文是在指导教师孙红艳的指导下独立撰写完成的。
如有剽窃、抄袭、造假等违反学术道德、学术规范和侵权的行为，本人愿意承担由此产生的各种后果，直至法律责任，并愿意通过网络接受公众的监督。
特此郑重声明。
毕业论文作者：年月日AcknowledgementsIt is really a laborious task to accomplish this B.A. thesis. A lot of people have offered me friendly support and help in the process of writing the thesis. I would like to express my heart felt gratitude to all the respectable professors who have taught and helped me in my undergraduate study and given me much nourishment and inspiration for further study.Special thanks go to my supervisor, Professor Sun Hongyan. She has been available at all times with helpful advice and a helping hand throughout my whole writing process of the thesis. Her erudition and strictness as supervisors, kindness and consideration and tolerance as friends make my study here more meaningful. She teaches me not merely how to conduct research on literature but also how to be an upright person.I would like to express my heart-felt thanks to my family and my dear friends whose encouragement always helps me to carry on.Many thanks to all!AbstractJohn Dos Passos is a member of the extraordinary literary generation. His novel , U. S. A. Trilogy , which is John Dos Passos’s masterpiece, mirrors the dark side of America and revals the essence of the society, marking a higher level of John Dos Passos’s artistic achievements.This thesis tends to explore the themes of U. S. A. Trilogy from three chapters. Chapter one deliberates the theme—the pursuit of money, which is mainly formed by Charley’s pursuit of money and Moorehouse’s pursuit of money. Chapter two elaborates the theme—the protest against the society from two angles—Savage’s p rotest and Mary’s protest.Chapter three investigates the theme—the compromise on the destiny including Charley’s compromise on career and spirit and Margo’s compromise on dream and life.In conclusion, in U. S. A. Trilogy, employing the unique narrative art, John Dos Passos creates insightful themes—the pursuit of money, the protest against the society and the compromise on the destiny. Themes reflect the distorted effects of capitalism on the American people, which is of great realistic significance in modern society. Consequently, U. S. A. Trilogy enlightens that people should be brave, hard-working and hopeful so as to fabricate a more harmonious society.Key Words: John Dos Passos money protest compromise摘要约翰•多斯•帕索斯，是一位美国杰出的的文学家。
美国名著的作文英语
美国名著的作文英语英文，As an avid reader and a literature enthusiast, I have always been drawn to American classics. One of my favorite American novels is "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee. This timeless masterpiece not only captures the essence of the American South in the 1930s, but also delves into important themes such as racial injustice, morality, and the loss of innocence.The story is narrated by Scout Finch, a young girl who grows up in the racially divided town of Maycomb, Alabama. Through her innocent eyes, we witness the trial of a black man, Tom Robinson, who is falsely accused of raping a white woman. The novel beautifully portrays the racial tensions and prejudices that existed during that time period, and it is a powerful reminder of the importance of empathy and understanding.One of the reasons why "To Kill a Mockingbird" has resonated with me so deeply is the character of AtticusFinch, Scout's father. Atticus is a symbol of moralintegrity and courage, and his unwavering commitment to justice has left a lasting impression on me. His famous quote, "You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view... until you climb into his skin and walk around in it," has become a guiding principle in my own life.The novel's portrayal of childhood and growing up isalso incredibly poignant. Scout and her brother Jem experience a loss of innocence as they confront the harsh realities of the world around them. This coming-of-age aspect of the story is universal and relatable, making it a truly timeless classic.中文，作为一个热爱阅读、热衷于文学的人，我一直被美国的经典作品所吸引。
【英语专业】英美文学学期论文-野性的呼唤（英文）
My Comment on “The Call of the Wild”【英语专业英美文学学期论文】Is it the howl coming from Buck from uncharted wild that knocks my heart softly? Finishing the well-known novel, “The Call of the Wild”, written by American writer Jack London, this feeling strikes me and has been in my mind with the face of Buck.Considering what Buck has experienced in his life, I have to admire the strong mind and courage of Buck. And after chew the cub, what Buck has given me takes up a high position. And questions stand out. What could I learn from the book? Should I learn? What does the author want to say? Merely that a hundred-pound-dog? What is of significance to be used in my own life? A list of feelings fills me up. Absolutely, there is much that has realistic value for me to connect it with practice.Adaptation is the first. At the beginning, Buck lived a civilized life in the Judge Miller’s, enjoying a pleasant life which can be described as a spell full of happiness. After been purchased to Northland, he was just a dog to be used to do hard work. It is fitting to think it at the point of death and living, for great changes bring survival or death. I am glad to see that what is helpful to survival is chosen. Is it wise or shameful, diplomatic or foolish? Our wonderful life, however, depends on our lives. So there is nothing wrong for Buck to gain the opportunity to live under the club of the man in red sweater. Life is not as easy as spelling this four-letter-wordand we must meet its needs. What we have experienced may elucidate this problem. Just like we left hometowns to receive education here, we are all required to make decision by ourselves and do what we may be not accustomed to. Besides, it is necessary for us to adjust quickly to resume campus life. The new environment where we are in, luckily, is much better than the one for Buck. Therefore, thinking that a dog makes it and making up our minds to do, we are able to adapt ourselves to the fresh environment and walk on the road to Rome.Character is the next. Characters serve for success. In terms of this, what is unavoidable also has influences. Whether it is fine all the time or not is beyond our ability, while which kind of character we should form is not. The final say is handled by us. Nine team-dogs including Buck show us various sorts. Dave cares nothing surrounding, and Joe can be known from his perpetual snarl and malignant eyes, for example. It is easy to find people who are similar to them around us. Asking nothing, giving nothing and expecting nothing, or being sour and introspective, or with excessive good mature.Our eyes have enough ability to distinguish the good between the bad. Living companied with fierce competition in society is like in the snow plain where Buck lived at some aspect, in my opinion. So we had better equip ourselves with basic characters and have them root in heart deeply. Stiffness, fearlessness, hardiness and conscientiousness are required.They are essential to help us find where we exactly are. Or shaky ground will be under our feet.Then it is action. Someone could realize his unparalleled dreams very easily. However, it only happens in daydreaming. Would anyone succeed without efforts and actual action? Certainly impossible! No matter how marvelous your words and thoughts are, they are dead if you do not take action to let they come true, resembling flowers that are never watered.In the novel, Buck never gives up to Spitz, the ferocious leader in team-dogs, with the attention that defeating him. His mind operates, so does his action. Victory finally is owned by him. We can learn to do as what he has done. Exercising the guide of words and thoughts in practice may make perfect. After all, action is heavier than empty ideas. Chinese writer Hu Sheng had an article, “Think and Do”, laying great stress on taking action after thinking. “To think should combine with to do”deserves to be remembered.Another is law. As a naturalistic writer, Jack London believed in the natural law that the survival of the fittest. Only by adapting to all kinds of irresistible power from nature and enduring difficulties can one exist in the view of London. A poem of Shakespeare says, “All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players.” Since on the stage, laws are needed to be carried out. For Buck, it is the law of club and fang. For us it means to catch up with the pace outside.Think about two phenomena. Buck has ever stolen food to protect his stomach from being empty. Jack London once stole oysters of fishermen. Despite differences between them, they both force themselves to obey the law, giving an answer to what people often say, life is cruel. Probably one day we have to bend to other’s will in order to gain opportunity to live. Admittedly, it is life.Friendship is also included. This novel displays us several emotions exemplified by the relationship of Buck and Thornton. One shows his loyalty and the other has care. As a matter of fact, we are unable to deal with our whole business alone. Friendship plays a vital part of every walk of life. Some methods to make friends and communicate with others are hidden behind the words. Trust is necessary, so is a hot heart. What’s more, we should take advantage of the touch with people to be an indeed friend. Supposed in trouble, warm hands would be given at once from dear friends kindly.The novel teaches me much that can do me good through nature and activities animals and human beings have in common. Nevertheless, there is something passive, I think. Buck becomes himself as one rules large demesne among wolves in the wild, having freedom, honor and power. If we pay too much attention to the result, to what Buck has accomplished, we may be led to a wrong way. As people are given a natural appetite not to be downtrodden, our primitive desire may be motivated, dreaming ofbe the empire, caring nothing about whatever measure we take. This point requests enough attention.All above is what I have learnt from the excellent book, “The Call of the Wild”. Though unable to understand it thoroughly, I have received a lot from this book published in the twentieth century in the twenty-first century, for it widens my vision and gives me enjoyment and lessons as well. I take a fancy to both the amazing book and the dog Buck.。
美国文学选读 论文
The Symbolism in the Scarlet Letter任彬英语二班03100221 Scarlet Letter is a very influential novel in American history, even in the whole world. I have read this novel in different life periods, and each time I can get different feelings and inspirations. Since it was published in 1850s, numerous writers and critics have ever commented on this masterpiece and get penetrating ideas. Therefore I’d like to view this novel in my own perspective. I will analysis the use of symbolism and its unique effects of the Scarlet Letter in my paper.1. The brief introduction of author and plotAt first, we can’t ignore the great author, Nathaniel Hawthorne. He is an American novelist and short story writer. Much of Hawthorne's writing centers on New England, many works featuring moral aspects with a Puritan inspiration. His fiction works are considered part of the Romantic Movement and, more specifically, Dark romanticism. His themes often center on the inherent evil and sin of humanity, and his works often have moral messages and deep psychological complexity.From the writing style of Hawthorne we can find that the Scarlet Letter can be said his masterpiece. The story happened in 17th-century in Boston, Massachusetts. Hester Prynne, our leading role who conceives a daughter through an adulterous affair. At that time it was a great sin and couldn’t be accepted by Puritan residents. So she was forced to wear a scarlet “A” on her bosom as a sign of shame. She and her daught er’s father Dimmesdale was revenged by Hester’s long-lost husband. But at last Hester use her kind heart and enthusiasm save the struggling soul of her lover and win a new life of repentance and dignity.2. The use of symbolism and its effects2.1The Scarlet LetterThe most obvious symbol in this novel must be the Scarlet Letter. And it’s also the most complex symbol. At first it means adultery. Then it means able. Its meaning then becomes indefinite. It is eventually looked on as a symbol of strength. The townspeople regard it as an object of scorn. Hester regards it as a constantreminder of her sin. Outsiders see it as a novelty and some Native Americans presume it's a distinguishing mark for someone of status. This change is significant. It shows growth in the characters, and the community in which they live.The letter "A", worn on Hester's bosom, is a symbol of her adultery against Roger Chillingworth. This is the puritan way of treating her as a criminal, for the crime of adultery. This letter is meant to be worn in shame, and to make Hester feel unwanted. At this time, Hester shows great courage. Many people in her position will have fled Boston, and seek a place where no one knows of her great sin. Hester chooses to stay though, which shows a lot of strength and integrity.But later, the scarlet letter "A" changes its meaning into being able, angel and admirable. The townspeople who condemned her now believe the scarlet letter to stand for her ability to her beautiful needlework and for her unselfish assistance to the poor and sick. Hester is a strong admirable woman who goes through more emotional torture that most people go through in a lifetime. The change of the meaning “A” can let us clearly know the ridiculous and cruel side of some aspects in Puritan culture. The society is changing and the social norms against humanity will finally be obsolete by era.2.2PearlOne of the outstanding characteristics of Hawthorne’s novel is that the characters’ names all have their specific meanings. But the name of Hester’s daughter, Pearl, leave me great impression. Pearl is one of the most complex and misunderstood symbols in the book. Pearl serves as moral in this novel. The moral she is meant to teach is that Hester and Dimmesdale should fully commits their sin and then take responsibility for their sin. She is really a constant mental and physical reminder to Hester of what she has done wrong. At last, Pearl's role as the living scarlet letter is over, and Dimmesdale, who finally takes responsibility for his sin, has also learned the moral, which she is meant to teach.2.3The objectsIn The Scarlet Letter, most of the objects that are described have many symbolic meanings. The most usual symbols appeared in the novel maybe the contrastbetween light and darkness. They represent the most common battle of all time, good versus evil. There are some dark scenes, such as the dark forest and gloomy weather represent the sin and characters’ fear, while the light things may represent hope, love and redemption.Another important symbol is the prison which Hester had ever stayed. The prison represents several different symbols. It is a symbol for the Puritanical severity of law. The description of the prison indicates that it is old, rusted, yet strong with an "iron-clamped oaken door." This represents the rigorous enforcement of laws and the inability to break free of them. Hester is the person who has the courage to break them. She had succeeded even though bear great pain.Rose bush is also a significant symbol in this work. The rose bush is a symbol of passion. As will later become obvious, Hester Prynne's sin is one of passion. It is only in the forest wilderness where the Puritans' laws fail to have any force. We have discussed that Pearl brought redemption for Hester and Dimmesdale. Pearl is thus comparable to the blossoms on the rosebush. The rose may serve as a "moral blossom" in the story is therefore actually saying that Hester's child will serve to provide the moral of the story.2.4What the symbols bring to this novelSymbolism is a traditional artistic form; it also is a major feature of Romanticism. As a famous writer of romanticism, Hawthorne is skillful at the using of symbolism in his works. Over the centuries, numerous people have astonished and confused at the use of symbols in Hawthorne. Different people may have different ideas about the same symbol. As they explore the deep meaning of these symbols, they will get a better knowledge of the themes that author wanted to express. They will know more about the background of that era. Therefore we can say the various usage of symbolism in The Scarlet Letter makes the novel a work of the world.3. ConclusionThe use of symbolism plays an important role in the Scarlet Letter, which makes it a world famous masterpiece and has attracted hundreds of thousands readers over the centuries. Symbolism brings us plenty of imagines; at the same time makesus connect the fable story with reality, and attach realistic meaning to this novel. Hawthorne’s use of symbolism in Scarlet Letter is worthwhile being learned by all the people.。
美国文学论文 Catcher in the Rye
Catcher in the Rye: the Naivety of ChildhoodSummary: Discusses J.D. Salinger's "Catcher in the Rye." Describes main character Holden Caulfield's fixation on childhood. Details how he struggles through teenage life because he cannot accept the responsibilities that come with growing up.In the novel, "The Catcher in the Rye" by J.D Salinger, the main character, Holden, is a teenager who refuses to grow up because he is naively fixated on childhood. Throughout the novel, Holden struggles through teenage life because he cannot accept the given responsibilities that come with growing up. Holden is obsessed with childhood because he chooses to be wedged between a world of the innocence of children and the complex world of adulthood. Holden deities his two younger siblings as if they're candidates for sainthood because of his fixation.Holden is a teenager who refuses to grow up because he is afraid of gaining the responsibilities that come with it. So, Holden struggles hard to stay childish. For example, throughout the book, he does not want to take responsibility to communicate with others that may want to help him. He refuses to go home and confront his parents and face the consequences. Along with this, he also pulls the childish silent treatment toward his parents; because that's the only knife he has to hurt them: ."..she wouldn't've been the ones that answered the phone. My parents would be the ones. So that was out." (pg. 59) He is afraid to talk to people close to him because they'll be critical to him. This would also explain his lack of interaction with Jane Gallagher: ."..I kept standing there, of giving old Jane a buzz- I mean calling her long distance at B.M... The only reason I didn't call him was because I wasn't in the mood." (pg. 63) Since he is afraid of interaction with people close to him, he tries to get strangers to talk to, so the conservations he has with them won't go too into depth. He does not want to face the world of reality. For example, in chapter nine, Holden asks his cab driver, who is a complete stranger to him, for a cocktail once he's done driving Holden to the Edmont Hotel: "Would you care to stop on the way and join me for a cocktail"" (pg. 60) Therefore, Holden will try to get some random stranger for a beer, as they won't criticize him.Among other responsibilities, Holden tries to set rules up for himself like an adult, but ends up breaking them right away: "Last year I made a rule that I was going to quit horsing around with girls that, deep down, gave me a pain in the ass. I broke it though, the same week I made it- the same night, as a matter of fact." (pg. 63) Holden cannot maintain his rules, and ends up acting like a child, who needs someone else to set the rules up for him.However, Holden does show some transition toward adulthood. For example, he has a sexual temptation toward things he also considers perverted. When he stays at Edmont, he admits: "It's really too bad that so much crumby stuff is a lot of fun sometimes." (pg. 12) In some aspects, he does show that he is growing up into an adult, even if he doesn't want to. Holden's strong focus of the ducks in the lagoon is also symbolic to his life. He is constantly concerned about where the ducks will go when the lake freezes: "I was wondering where the ducks went when the lagoon got all icy and frozen over. I wondered if some guy came in a truck and took them away to a zoo or something. Or if they just flew away." (pg. 13) Just like the ducks, Holden is wondering where he's going to go in life. He wonders if someone will guide him to the right direction, or if he'll guide himself through it by instinct. In addition, the lake itself is also somewhat symbolic toHolden's life. When Holden visits Central Park to see if there were any ducks still around, he mentions: "Then, I finally found it. What it was, it was partly frozen and partly not frozen." The lake is transitioning into two different states, frozen and not frozen, while Holden is transitioning between childhood and adulthood. Since Holden chooses to be frozen between the transitions, Holden hates change. When Holden goes to visit the Museum of Natural History, he states that he likes the museum because it will always be the same each time he visits:"The best thing, though, in that museum was that everything always stayed right where it was. Nobody'd move. You could go there a hundred thousand times, and that Eskimo would still be just finished catching those two fish, the birds would still be on their way south, the deer would still be drinking out of that water hole, with their pretty antlers and their pretty, skinny legs, and that squaw with the naked bosom would still be weaving that same blanket." (pg. 121)Therefore, Holden would love to live in a world where everything stays frozen, where nothing changes. This way, Holden can never grow up to be an adult.Holden is a growing teenager who chooses to be frozen between a world of the innocence of children and complex world of adulthood. He is wedged between these two worlds because he possesses a fixation with childhood. Throughout the novel, Holden sounds like he is some grumpy old man who's angry about everything in the world as he narrates his story. However, when Holden constantly shows his curiosity for the ducks in the lagoon at Central Park, we see his genuine, more youthful side: .".. I was thinking about the lagoon in Central Park, down near Central Park South. I was wondering if it would be frozen over when I got home, and if it was, where did the ducks go." (pg. 13) This shows that Holden does have thoughts and concerns that others would consider being childish. At the moment, he is fastened between the world of innocence and the adult world.Holden finds the adult world very repulsive. In chapter ten, when he is in the lavender room of Edmont, he makes several comments that support this. For example, he finds the band, which consists of adults, as putrid: "The band was putrid." (pg. 69) Among this, he also states that the older guys in the lavender room were old and show-offy: "They were mostly old and show-offy looking guys" (pg. 69) He looks around the room, and sees these adults around home, and all he could state, is negativity toward them.Since Holden has a strong attraction to the innocence of childhood, Holden struggles to stay as a kid, and ends up doing childish things. For example, in chapter ten, in the lavender room, he looks like a kid trying to act grown up when he tries to impress the three thirty year old at the table: "I started giving the three witches at the next table the eye again. That is, the blond one... I just gave all three of them this very cool glance and all." (pg. 70) To try and impress the ladies, he tries to create a cool façade of himself by trying to act older. However, even if Holden thinks he knows what's going on around him, he ends up knowing nothing, which shows innocence in his character. Throughout his time in the lavender room with the three girls, he says the trio is of lower intelligence than him: "You could hardly tell which one is the stupidest of them." (pg. 73) However, at the end of the chapter, they leave him to pay for their drinks, which actually is prettywitty: "I think they should've at least offered to pay their drinks they had before I joined them..." (pg. 75) So, in the end, due to his innocence, Holden is left as the dumb one, with a bill to pay.Holden wants to be the "catcher in the rye." In chapter twenty-two, Phoebe asks Holden what he's going to do in his life. Holden then states:"Anyways, I keep picturing all these little kids playing some game in this big field of rye and all. Thousands of little kids, and nobody's around- nobody big, I mean- except me. And I'm standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff- I mean if they're running and they don't look where they're going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. That's all I'd do all day. I'd just be the catcher in the rye and all. I know it's crazy, but that's the only thing I'd really like to be. I know it's crazy." (pg. 173)Metaphorically, Holden wants to be the person to save the children before they fall out of their innocent knowledge into the repulsive world of adults.Throughout the book, Holden constantly praises his two siblings, Allie and Phoebe, as if they were candidates for sainthood. This is a very big example of Holden's attraction for childhood. In chapter 5, Holden is writing a composition for Stradlater, and states many wondrous things about Allie: "He was two years younger than I was, but he was about fifty times as intelligent. He never got mad at anybody." (pg. 38) Holden exaggerates that Allie is fifty more times as Holden is, but, how smart can one kid really be? Also, he says that he never got mad at anyone, but, every kid has been mad at least once to their friends and family, unless they're not human. When Holden was up in his hotel room, she explains for the first time in the book, what Phoebe is like: "You should see her. You never saw a little kid so pretty and smart in your life. She's really smart." (pg. 67) Similar to Allie's description, Holden deities his sister as if she's a child prodigy. Seven if she was smart for her age, it really doesn't say much. Again, how smart can a ten year old really be? Holden overrates his two siblings considerably, which is because of his fixation of childhood.However, Phoebe is the only person alive that he seems to actually love throughout the novel. Phoebe is the family connection to Holden, and becomes the catalyst for Holden's metamorphosis to adulthood. She is the only one throughout the book that is actually critical toward Holden and tries to push him to do better by agitating him: "You don't like any schools. You don't like a million things." (pg. 169) When Holden hears this, he becomes very upset: "'I do! That's where you're wrong-that's exactly where you're wrong! Why the hell do you have to say that"' I said. Boy, was she depressing me." When Holden's only connection of comfort is lost, he becomes knocked back into reality, and ends up saying that he's going to apply himself better at the end of the novel:."..this one psychoanalyst guy they have here, keeps asking me if I'm going to apply myself with I go back to school next September. It's such a stupid question, in my opinion. I mean how do you know what you're going to do till you do it? The answer is you don't. I think I am, but how do I know"" (pg. 213)Holden cannot accept the responsibilities and consequences that come with growing up, so toavoid the painfulness of maturing, Holden struggles to remain childish. He finds the adult world perverted and repulsive, but does not realize that he is slowly growing into the world. Due to his struggle to remain immature to society, he is fixated on the incorruption that children possess. He wants to be the 'catcher in the rye', which is a person who will catch kids that unintentionally run off a cliff covered in rye. Metaphorically, he wants to save the kids before they fall into the corruption that the adult world will entrap them in. Since Holden has a strong attraction to the innocence of childhood, he then worships his two younger siblings as if they were mini gods. When he finally gets to talk to the only close person he has, he is rudely awakened back into reality, by his kid sister, and is pushed to succeed.Work Cited:Salinger, J.D. "Catcher in the Rye"。
美国名著的作文英语
In the vast tapestry of American literature,there are numerous works that stand out for their profound impact on society,culture,and the human spirit.One such masterpiece that has captured the imagination of readers across generations is To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee.This novel,set in the American South during the1930s,weaves a tale of racial injustice,moral growth,and the complexities of human nature.The story unfolds through the eyes of Scout Finch,a young girl who,along with her brother Jem,is raised by their widowed father,Atticus Finch. Atticus,a lawyer,is appointed to defend Tom Robinson,a black man falsely accused of raping a white woman.The novels title,To Kill a Mockingbird,is symbolic of the destruction of innocence,as the mockingbird represents those who are innocent and harmless,yet are often the victims of cruelty and prejudice.One of the most compelling aspects of the novel is its exploration of the theme of moral growth.Scout and Jems journey from innocence to a deeper understanding of the world around them is both heartwarming and poignant.Their father,Atticus,serves as a moral compass,guiding them through the complexities of life with wisdom and integrity.His defense of Tom Robinson,despite the societal backlash,is a testament to his unwavering commitment to justice and equality.The novel also delves into the issue of racial prejudice,which was deeply entrenched in the American South during the time period.Through the character of Tom Robinson,the reader is confronted with the harsh reality of racial discrimination and the devastating consequences it can have onindividuals and communities.The trial of Tom Robinson is a microcosm of the larger societal issues of the time,highlighting the systemic injustice faced by African Americans.Another significant character in the novel is Boo Radley,a reclusive neighbor who is the subject of many rumors and fears among the children. As the story progresses,Boos character is revealed to be far more complex and compassionate than initially perceived.His actions towards Scout and Jem demonstrate the power of empathy and kindness,challenging the preconceived notions held by the community.To Kill a Mockingbird is not only a literary masterpiece but also a powerful social commentary on the issues of its time.The novels enduring popularity can be attributed to its timeless themes of morality,empathy, and the struggle for justice.It serves as a reminder of the importance of standing up for what is right,even in the face of adversity.In conclusion,To Kill a Mockingbird is a profound work of American literature that continues to resonate with readers today.Its exploration of complex themes such as racial prejudice,moral growth,and the human capacity for empathy makes it a vital and relevant work.Harper Lees masterful storytelling and memorable characters have left an indelible mark on the literary landscape,ensuring that the novels message and impact will continue to be felt for generations to come.。
Follow-Your-Heart美国文学论文
Follow Your Heart——Impression after reading 《Self-Reliance》When we were young, we had been teach many rules from teachers and parents. Those rules told us what can do , and what we can't. In the beginning, they just want us to be a "normal person" and adapt the society. But I think those rules also made us lost our creativity and imagination. And we hard to find genius .Even we lost the ability to find a way we can go when we were lost. we always wait to someone tell us what we should do. When we was in trouble we was at a loss. we haven't the sense of judgment!After reading <self reliance >I have deep impression of a sentence:"virtues are, in the popular estimate, rather the exception than the rule. There is the man and his virtues. Men do what is called a good action, as some piece of courage or charity, much as they would pay a fine in expiation of daily non-appearance on parade." From this sentence we can learn thar virtues is important to man. It can lead us to our destination. If our parents and those rules allow us follow our virtues when were children we may be scientists or philosophers.And many genius should have be found. But we haven't got the opportunity and right to follow our hearts. Nowadays, we often hear that people are lack of imagination. And country are try to courage people put forward more fantasy ideas. But rules have killed imagination in childhood.What we must do is all that concerns us, not what the people think. We often be asked to do many things what we are unwilling to do. It leads to we have adapt the way to live. As adults we are hard to keep with perfect sweetness the independenceof solitude. And in order to sure everything is not wrong, we have to follow others' footprint. So we admire the free world of children. They can follow their heart and do whatever they want.For nonconformity the world whips you with its displeasure. Human can't accept the spacial person. They envy and taunt. Than many talent was strangle in adolescence. Because they lack of courage to boycott the rules.And they lost their way from heart.The other terror that scares us from self-trust is our consistency; a reverence for our past act or word because the eyes of others have no other data for computing our orbit than our past acts, and we are lose to disappoint them. Ask most collage students why them come to university. They may said that they do not want their parents disappoint and hope their relative appreciated. They can't fellow their heart because the pressure from parents. And most of us are compromise in expectation from relatives and friend. In order to satisfy them, we choose to do many things which violate our hearts.Ralph Waldo Emerson hope people can understand what is self-reliance. And wish person can break the conformity and consistency. A man know his worth can keep things under his feet. And have the courage to follow the idea from heart , broke the rules can win the victory.Every true man is a cause, a country, and an age; requires infinite spaces and numbers and times fully to accomplish his design;—and posterity seem to follow his steps as a train of clients.Lost heart lost the value of life. Only follow the heart can reflect the worth whywe are alive. And create the more perfect world.。
美国文学论文
美国文学论文美国文学是世界上最年轻的文学之一,从其诞生之时起,就因其尖锐的批判性、持续的独创性和精彩的多元性而独树一帜。
下面是店铺为大家整理的美国文学论文，供大家参考。
美国文学论文范文一：Analysis of the main character Ahab in Moby Dick摘要:«白鲸»讲述了饱经风霜的亚哈船长与他的仇敌白鲸之间惊心动魄的故事，亚哈身上体现了令人敬佩的正义品质:百折不挠、英勇无畏、经验丰富，同时还具有令人恐惧的邪恶力量:偏执、自私、专横。
他集正义与邪恶与一身，具有鲜明的双重性。
关键词:正义;邪恶;性格双重性Abstract:«Moby Dick» tells us a thrilling tale between Captain Ahab and his enemy whale called Moby Dick.Ahab's character is amphibious. On one hand,he is indomitable、brave and experienced. On the other hand, he is bigoted, selfish and presuming.Key words: justice; evil; character's amphibiousness«Moby Dick» written by Herman Melville is regarded as the first American prose epic. It's an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc. But it is first a Shakespearean tragedy of man fighting again overwhelming odds in an indifferent and even hostile universe.The story goes roughly as follows. Ishmael, feeling depressed, seeks escape by going out to sea on the whaling ship, Pequod. The captain is Ahab, the man with one leg. Moby Dick, the white whale, had sheared off his leg on the most as a reward for anyone who sights thewhale first. The Pequod marked a good catch of whales but Ahab refuses to turn back until he has killed his enemy. Eventually,the white whale appears, and the Pequod begins its doomed fight with it. On the first day the whale overturns a boat; On the second, it swamps another. When the third day comes, Ahab and his crew manage to plunge a harpoon into it, but the whale carries the Pequod along with it to its doom. All on board the whaler get drowned, except one, Ishmael, who survives to tell the tale. From the story, we can see that captain Ahab is a hero who dares to fight though he failed at last. Ahab is Byronic hero, a man with consuming desire to take revenge against the whale which has crippled him. He is brave. Though he knows that it has difficulty in killing whale, he never gives up. He thinks that man can make the world for himself and he tries his best to kill the whale. Although he fails at last, his spiritual is respectable and we should also be indomitable.We know that Ahab's character is amphibious, and we now more focus on the bleak view. As the author is negative, the story is full of tragedy, including the ending.Captain Ahab is a typical Melvillean “isolato”, and a typical Bartleby whose lips are set ever for an “I prefer not to”. He cuts himself off from his wife and kid, and stays away most of the time from his crew. He hates Moby Dick which is an embodiment of nature. He is angry because his pride is wounded. After the loss of his leg in his encounter with the white whale, he seems to hold God responsible for the presence of evil in the universe. Thus his anger assumes the proportions of a cosmis nature. In his egocentric obsession. He loves his sanity, and humanity and becomes a devilish creature rushing headlong toward his doom.Captain Ahab believed in his own power, he is too much of a self-reliant individual to be a good human being. His selfhood must be asserted at the expense of all else: lives may be sacrificed,and nature may be sacrificed, and nature may have to be vanquished in order that he may do what he wills. Ahab is ,to be more exact, a victim of solipsism, His tragedy stemming in the main from extreme individualism, selfish will, a spirit too much withdrawn to itself to warrant salvation.In conclusion, we should observe the two sides of the Captain's character. We need be brave and confident. We have to remind that man is in society, and we can't live without society. We should respect the nature.美国文学论文范文二：The review about the Literature of RomanticismⅠ. BackgroundFrom the early 1800s to the civil war，American was a land of paradoxes, a land stirred by spiritual dreams and shaped by the realities of a growing materialism. the United States had begun to change into an industrial cause society, technology would bring vast material benefits and cause overwhelming social disorders. Americans had sought new liberties and new ideas in life and art, but conflicts of their society had culminated in a bloody civil war. In the first half of the nineteenth century the proportion of Americans who labored on farms declined as increasing members left the land to work in urban businesses and factories. New York became American’s largest city, supplanting Boston and Philadelphia as the economic and cultural capital of the nation. Though the first half of the century the pursuit of simplicity, utility, and perfection remained an American characteristic.In the years preceding the Civil War relatively few volumes of imaginative literature were published in the United States. Most book were almanacs, schoolbooks, self-help manuals, or workson religion, medicine, or the law. Fewer than a dozen volumes of poetry were published annually. Fiction was a prime component of ladies’ magazines. Novels were increasingly popular, especially historical romances written by Europeans, most notably by “the monarch and master of modern fiction,” Sir Walter Scott. But as the century progressed, native American writers won increasing national and international fame. Washington Irving’s Sketch Book (1819-1820)became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.Ⅱ. The definition of RomanticismRomanticism is a movement prevailing the 19th century in Western World in literature. art music and philosophy beginning as a reaction and protest against the bondage of rules and customs of neo-classicism. It was marked and is always marked by a story reaction .It returned to nature and plain humanity for material. It brought about a renewed interest in medieval literature. It was also marked by sympathy for poor people and thus a deep understanding toward common people. It was a movement expression of indivdual orignality and different poets realized their variety.A dream of golden age is established against stern realities .Imagination is the key point.Ⅲ. The Characteristic s of the Romantic LiteratureThe main trends of thought of the literature of romanticism is Romanticism, Transcendentation, Anti-slavery. Transcendentation as a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematized. It exalted feeling over reason, individual expression over the restraints of law and custom. They believed in the transcendence of the “Oversoul”, an all-pervading power for goodness from which all things come and of which all things are a part.Romanticism, attitude or intellectual orientation that characterized many works of literature, painting, music, architecture, criticism, and historiography in Western civilization over a period from the late 18th to the mid-19th century. Romanticism canbe seen as a rejection of the precepts of order, calm, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality that typified Classicism in general and late 18th-century Neoclassicism in particular. It was also to some extent a reaction against the Enlightenment and against 18th-century rationalism and physical materialism in general. Romanticism emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental.Among the characteristic attitudes of Romanticism were the following: a deepened appreciation of the beauties of nature; a general exaltation of emotion over reason and of the senses over intellect; a turning in upon the self and a heightened examination of human personality and its moods and mental potentialities; a preoccupation with the genius, the hero, and the exceptional figure in general, and a focus on his passions and inner struggles;a new view of the artist as a supremely individual creator, whose creative spirit is more important than strict adherence to formal rules and traditional procedures; an emphasis upon imagination as a gateway to transcendent experience and spiritual truth; an obsessive interest in folk culture, national and ethnic cultural origins, and the medieval era; and a predilection for the exotic, the remote, the mysterious, the weird, the occult, the monstrous, the diseased, and even the satanic.Ⅳ. Main writer and masterpieceⅰ.Washington Irving(1783-1851)He was the Father of American Imaginative Literature; the Father of American Short Stories. He was the first great prose stylist of American romanticism familiar style.The apparent ease of his writing is not simply that of the gifted amateur; it results from his purposeful identification of his whole personality with what he wrote. He was urbane and worldly, yet humorous and gentle, his great and graceful style combine with American roots shaped his independent literary personality. He was the first great belletrist, writing always for pleasure, and to produce pleasure. In 1819-1820 ,his Sketch Book appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature to write good history and biography as literary entertainment. The most story of his Sketch Book is The Legend of Sleep Hollow and Rip Van Winkle. He introduced the familiar essay to America. His best-known stories awakened an interest in the life of American regions. In 1819, A History of New York by Diedrich Knickerbocker a rollicking burlesque of a current serious history of the early Dutch settlers, has become a classic of humor.Bracebridge Hall followed in 1822;then he first went to Germany in pursuit of an interest in German romanticism, which flavored the Tales of Traveller(1824), in Paris he with John Howard Payne wrote the brilliant social comedy Charles the Second or The Merry Monarch. A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus(1828); A Chronicle of the Conquest of Grandada(1829); Voyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus(1831) ; a famous volume of stories and sketches—The Alhambra(1832) and Legends of the Conquest of Spain (1835) and so on.ⅱ. James Fenimore Cooper(1789-1851)He was the first important American novelist began his literary career on a dare. In 1821,The Spy was successful, it was a rousing tale about espionage against the British during the Revolutionary War .Cooper launched two kinds of immensely popular stories: the sea adventure tale, and the frontier saga. The Pilot is the best of his many sea romances(1824). He wrote the first official history of the U.S. Navy in 1839. His frontier stories Leather Stocking T ales including five novels: The Deerslayer; The Last of the Mohicans, The Pathfinder, The Pioneers, The Prairie. Allan Nevins calls these five novels the nearest approach yet to an American epic. with a vast group of supporting characters, virtuous or villainous, Cooper made the American conscious of his past, and made the European conscious of American. And the Textbooks works is The Last of The Mohicans.ⅲ.Edgar Allan Poe(1809-1849)Poe was born in Boston. He was the Father of Modern Short Stories; the Father of Detective Story; and the Father of Psychoanalytic Critism. He was the jingle man. He won a contest with his story “Ms. Found in a Bottle” .Then he got a job as editor with the Southern Literary Messenger in 1833. He showed his true talents as an editor, a poet, a literary critic, and a writer of fiction. And he also issued The Fall of the House of Usher. In 1840, His first collection of short stories Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque. The Raven was published as the title poem of a collection in 1845. In Europe, he was hailed as a pioneer in poetic and fictional techniques. His influence was especially strong on many French writers. The most famous works were To Helen; The Rav en; Annabel Lee; The Fall of the House of Usher. ⅳ. Ralph Waldo Emerson(1803-1882)He was responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New England and was recognized throughout his life as the leader of the movement. He believed above all in individualism, independence of mind and self-reliance. He admired courage, he was not afraid of changing or clashing ideas. Like many original minds, he was often several jumps ahead of what his followers thought was his position or philosophy. He was one of the most influential American thinkers, yet he had no elaborate, formal system of thought and he never attempted to create one. Emerson believed above all in individualism, independence of mind, and self-reliance. In 1836,he issued the first book Nature , which met with a mild reception. However , two speeches in the next two years, The American Scholar and The Divinity School Address ,made him famous. Many of his lectures were later distilled into his famous Essays. Among his most important works are Representative Men (1850)and English Traits (1856).His Poem appeared in 1847. In his day, Emerson’s poems were criticized for their lack of form and polish. In recent years, hover, his poetry has received high praise.His harsh rhythms and striking images appeal to many modern readers as artful techniques. His prose style is sometimes as highly individual as his poetry. Many of his essays were put together from his journal entries, speeches, and random notes, and they are often somewhat disorganized. Yet his skill in polishing each sentence into a striking thought makes his writing memorable. One of his great statements was in The American Scholar. That title is now carried by one of the finest magazines in American. Oliver Wendell Holmes called the speech “our intellectua l Declaration of Independence”. He is the world ’s eye. He is the world’s heart.ⅴ. Henry David Thoreau(1817-1862)He was Emerson’s truest disciple, who put into practice many of Emerson’s theories. Walden, the superb book came out of his two-year’s reside nce at Walden Pond. He explained many of the beliefs that led him to try this kind of life. He thought it better for a man to work one day a week and the rest of the week could be devoted to thought. For Thoreau, as for Emerson, self-reliance and independence of mind ranked above all each should find out his own way of living. In 1849, From his experience in jail came his famous essay” Civil Disobedience”, which stated Thoreau’s belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government. His famous book is Walden Where I Lived, and What I Lived For.ⅵ. Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864)The House of the Seven Gables deals with the effects of a curse, and though the tale itself is fiction, the germ of the story sprang from the author’s family history. Hawthorne gathered his material by observing and listening to others whose talk was filled with New England Lore, legend, and superstition. His famous book is The Scarlet Letter.Hawthorne’s unique gift was for the creation of strongly symbolic s tories which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature. The finest example is the recreation of Puritan Boston, “The Scarlet Letter”. In this novel each word, image, and event works toward a single effect. It is a complex story of guilt, its effects upon various persons, and how deliverance is obtained for some of them. His ability to create vivid and symbolic images that embody great moral questions appear strongly in his short stories. It was Hawthorne’s ability to make a story exist in its own right but at the same time appear as a moral symbol.Hawthorne shares with Edgar Allan Poe the distinction of advancing the art of the short story, giving to the form qualities that are uniquely American. To Hawthorne and Melville, however, the telling of a tale was a way of inquiring into the meaning of life. His stories also have The Blithedale Romance(1852); splendid stories called Mosses from an Old Manse(1846); The Marble Faun(1860)ⅶ. Herman Melville(1819-1891)Moby Dick, a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale. The book is steeped in symbolism, another strong appeal to readers of his century. In 1846, Typee became known as the “man who lived among cannibals”. The book was basically factual but was no dou bt elaborated somewhat and built up from Melville’s reading as well as his experience. Equally successful was a sequel, Omoo(1847),about his adventures on Tahiti and other island. Later Melville based Bedburn(1849) on his first voyage to England, and White-Jacket(1850) on his brief career in the navy. He drew upon his naval experience again for Billy Budd(1891).He has two other philosophical novels Mardi, Pierre. two celebrated short novels Benito Cereno and Billy Budd. The story uses a ship as symbol of society and searchingly examines the problems of good and evil. Ahab’s ship was like a world inminiature with characters from all walks of life.ⅷ. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow(1807-1882)Longfellow was born in Portland, Maine, on February 27,1807 and died on March 24,1882 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the most beloved American poet of his time. His main books are Longfellow’s first collection of poems entitled Voices of the Night(1838); Hyperion” the prose romance(1839) ;Ballads and other Poems(1841); Poems on Slavery(1842); Evangeline(1847); Song of Hiawath(1855); The Courtship of Miles Standish(1858)After his death, he became the only American to be honored with a bust in the Poet’s corner of Westminster Abbey. The gentleness, sweetness, and purity for which his poetry was popular during his lifetime.Ⅴ.SummaryFrom the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of he Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. It is also called “the American Renaissance”. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values. Besides, a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne，Melville and a host of lesser writers. The most clearly defined Romantic literary movement in this period is New England Transcendentalism. This Transcendentalist group includes two of the most significant writers America has produced so far， Emerson and his young friend, Henry David Thoreau, whose writing has a strong impact on American literature. Basically, Transcendentalism has been defined philoso phically as “the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses.” Emerson once proclaimed in a speech, “Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of you own mind.” Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism include the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual isdivine and, therefore, self-reliant. It ranges from the comic fables of Washington Irving to the Gothic tales of Edgar Allen Poe, from the frontier adventures of James Fenimore Cooper to the narrative quests of Herman Melville, from the psychological romances of Nathaniel Hawthorne to the social realism of Rebecca Harding.American romantic literature by western romantic literature influence.19 century, the rapid development of American capitalism, the national consciousness and patriotic enthusiasm, to get rid of the English literature of bondage, pay attention to the human spirit and the pursuit of freedom to create a fill transcendence, thus the romantic literature began to flourish.Bibliography:1. 王长荣. 《现代美国小说史》.上海：外语教育出版社，1992.2. 邵锦娣，白劲鹏. An Introduction to Literature. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，20013. 隋刚.《美国文学旧作新读》. 北京：外文出版社，1998.。
关于英美文学论文范文
关于英美文学论文范文英美文学经历了很长的历史时期,并且每一个历史时期都有其著名的代表作和作品,成为了世界文学史上的宝贵的财富。
下文是店铺为大家整理的关于英美文学论文范文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!关于英美文学论文范文篇1浅谈英美文学的翻译方法在过去的英美文学的学习过程之中，我们通常将我们的著作划分成美国文学和英国的文学。
然而两部分文学著作，又需要从不同的时期写出不同年代的故事，我们所学习的欣赏是从流派的代表作和作家入手，分为文学著作，文学的派别以及文学潮流，对于英美文学的赏析，作品是相当的多，我们只能够挑选出作品简略阐释。
随着我国社会经济的发展，一些“实用性”课程的出现，其地位逐渐被边缘化。
面对当前的形势，作者试图从兴趣着手，结合教学实践，对文学课教学内容与教学方法的改革谈谈看法。
译者的文化选择与其采取的翻译策略是密切相关的，由于受主体文化的影响，许多译者大都有意无意间认同主体文化并采取一定的策略实现自己的文化选择。
关键词：高校英语专业、英美文学课、教学内容、教学方法根据美学的观点，任何作家的创作都有其隐含的读者，英国文艺理论家伊格尔顿也有类似的观点，“接受是作品自身的构成部分，每部文学作品的构成都出于对其潜在可能的读者的意识，……作品的每一种姿态里都含蓄地暗示着它所期待的那种接受者。
在大学中我们学习到的英美文学课程，是我们高校英语中非常重要的课程，要培养学生的阅读还有写作能力的，了解英语文学的能力，去了解一下文学的知识还有方法，通过阅读的形式了解东西方文化的差异，提高学生们的语言功力，提高学生的理解能力。
随着我们语言学习能力的提高，我们学习的课程多方面的出现，这使得文学课程逐渐的边缘化。
如何才能够在当今的学习中立于不败之地，我认为，提高学生们的兴趣是非常重要的，吸引学生的注意力，才可以提高们的兴趣，因为兴趣可以带领我们走的很远。
因此，带着兴趣学习，针对如下的几个问题，讲述一下自己的观点。
一、教学内容英美文学的学习，主要由两个大部分构成主要内容，一部分是英美国文学作品，另一部分是英美国文学历史。
关于美国名著的英语作文
关于美国名著的英语作文Title: Exploring American Literary Masterpieces。
American literature is a rich tapestry woven with diverse voices, themes, and narratives that capture the essence of the nation's history, culture, and identity. From the colonial period to the present day, American writers have crafted enduring masterpieces that continue to resonate with readers worldwide. In this essay, we will delve into the significance of several iconic works of American literature, exploring their themes, characters, and lasting impact on readers.One of the earliest American literary masterpieces is Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Scarlet Letter." Set in 17th-century Puritan New England, the novel delves into themes of sin, guilt, and redemption through the story of Hester Prynne, a woman branded with a scarlet letter "A" for adultery. Hawthorne's exploration of the human condition and society's judgmental nature remains relevant today,prompting readers to reflect on the complexities ofmorality and forgiveness.Moving forward in time, F. Scott Fitzgerald's "TheGreat Gatsby" stands as a quintessential portrayal of the Jazz Age and the American Dream. Through the enigmatic Jay Gatsby and the disillusioned narrator Nick Carraway, Fitzgerald examines themes of wealth, love, and the pursuit of happiness. The novel's lyrical prose and vivid imagery capture the allure and emptiness of the Roaring Twenties, while its critique of materialism and social hierarchy remains pertinent in contemporary society.Another seminal work in American literature is Harper Lee's "To Kill a Mockingbird." Set in the racially charged atmosphere of 1930s Alabama, the novel follows young Scout Finch as she grapples with issues of justice, compassion, and moral integrity. Through the character of Atticus Finch, Lee challenges prevailing notions of race and class, advocating for empathy and understanding in the face of prejudice and injustice. "To Kill a Mockingbird" continuesto resonate with readers as a timeless exploration of thehuman capacity for both goodness and cruelty.In the realm of poetry, Walt Whitman's "Leaves of Grass" stands as a monument to the American spirit and its celebration of democracy, diversity, and individualism. Whitman's free verse and expansive vision of Americareflect the nation's burgeoning identity in the 19th century, capturing the beauty and vitality of its landscapes and people. His themes of unity and inclusivity continue to inspire readers to embrace the interconnectedness of humanity and the natural world.Finally, Toni Morrison's "Beloved" confronts the legacy of slavery and its enduring impact on African American identity and memory. Sethe, a former slave haunted by her past, grapples with the trauma of her experiences and the specter of a ghostly child come back to haunt her.Morrison's lyrical prose and intricate narrative structure challenge readers to confront the horrors of slavery while also affirming the resilience of the human spirit. "Beloved" serves as a powerful testament to the ongoing struggle for freedom and self-determination in America.In conclusion, American literary masterpieces such as "The Scarlet Letter," "The Great Gatsby," "To Kill a Mockingbird," "Leaves of Grass," and "Beloved" continue to captivate readers with their timeless themes, vivid characters, and profound insights into the human condition. Through these works, readers are invited to explore the complexities of American society and the universal truths that bind us together as human beings. As we engage with these literary treasures, we are reminded of the enduring power of storytelling to illuminate our shared humanity and inspire us to imagine a better, more just world.。
美国文学论文(汤姆索亚历险记)
An Analysis of the Artistic Language Characteristics inThe Adventures of Tom SawyerPublished in 1876, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer has earned high reputation as one of the best-loved tales in American literature.The novel, which tells of the exciting adventures of a typical boy named Tom Sawyer and his friends during the mid-nineteenth century, is not as simple as a children’s book. On the one hand, regardless of time changing and the differences of cultures, the adventures of Tom Sawyer are still intriguing and delightful, for the unique charms that hits the basic instincts of nearly all young people. On the other hand, the author Mark Twain wrote in the preface to the first edition that "Although my book is intended mainly for the entertainment of boys and girls, part of my plan has been to pleasantly remind adults of what they once were themselves, and what they felt and thought." Thus, it is obviously that by reading this book, the adult readers could also look back on his or her own childhood with fond reminiscences. Above all, the novel is a combination of the past and the present, of the entertainment and education function for children, and at the same time, of the well-remembered events from childhood told in such a way as to evoke remembrances in the adult mind. Besides, allowing for Mark Twain’s conventions of writing styles, the novel, exploring questions of freedom and responsibility, retains vitality and humor between the lines, applies slangy expressions, which are full of local characteristics, and last but not least sets some symbolic plots. This thesis is going to make an analysis on the artistic language characteristics in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, helping the readers to appreciate the novel in a better way.1.The Language Characteristic of Humor and SatireMark Twain is, as always, the satirist and commentator on the foibles of human nature. As the authorial commentator, Twain often steps in and comments on the absurdity of human nature. Not surprisingly, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer relies heavily on satire and humor to make a observation on human nature, as well as the picture of lives at that time, ultimately producing a satire of altogether two aspects: the hypocritical regions and obsolete school education. Thus this thesis determines to analyse the characteristics of humor and satire in the book by the above two aspects.1.1The Humor and Satire of the Hypocritical RegionsIn The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Tom Sawyer is a mischievous boy who yearns for the carefree lives and exhibits many admirable character traits such as generosity and goodness in spite of his pranks. The unrestrained character of Tom contrasts favorably with the meaningless and hypocritical regulations in regions. In the novel, Aunt Polly, who is responsible for nurturing Tom, always stops Tom from having a meal without praying. Readers may find it both funny and satirical that Tom can’t wait to dine while aunt Polly takes it seriously out of religious restraint. In addition, Mr. Dobbins, the schoolmaster, who seems to be deeply religious, but actually is sanctimonious. Each day, Mr. Dobbins would take a book out of the desk and be absorbed in it at times when no classes were reciting. Every boy and girl has a theory about the nature of the book. One day, Becky Thatcher has a chance to uncover the mystery-- “She came at once upon a handsomely engraved and colored frontispiece--a human figure, stark naked.” Thus, Mr. Dobbins turns out to be a hypocrite, which reinforces the wry sense of humor on the religion. Besides, in the novel, the kids will be rewarded with some tickets of different colors by reciting the passages of Scripture. According to the rules by the school, “each blue ticket was pay for two verses of recitation. Ten blue tickets equalled a red one, and could be exchanged for it; ten red tickets equalled a yellow one; for ten yellow tickets the superintendent gave a very plainly bound Bible to the pupil.” Tom couldn’t recite Bible at all, however, he gets the tickets by exchanging his playthings with the classmates and finally gets the prize of a Bible. There’s no doubt that it is totally a joke, which is another ridiculous case concerned with black humor and the satire on the religion.1.2The Humor and Satire of the Obsolete School EducationTom Sawyer is undoubtedly the representative student who is antagonistic towards the obsolete school education. Therefore, he is quite a rebellious boy who despises the so-called excellent students and doesn’t recite the passages of Bible in accordance with regulations of the school, who dares to participate in an adventure despite the rules, for he actually looks down on the laws made by the adult. What’s more, he and his friends are brave enough to make a mischief as a retribution on theschoolmaster, who always lashes pupils just in order to make a good showing on “Examination” day. All these things show Tom’s challenge to the unreasonable school education even the whole society. By the attitudes and acts of Tom Sawyer, Mark Twain aims to criticize the education at that time which tried to preach but of no practical use at all. Twain criticizes the adult attitudes and behaviors throughout the novel. That is part of the conflict: the maturation of a youth into adulthood conflicting with the disapproval of the adult behaviors that exist. It is this double vision of humor and satire that raises the novel above the level of a boy's adventure story.2.The Language Characteristic of Applying Slang and Absorbing ExpressionsAccording to the dictionary, slang is defined as a casual type of language that is playful or trendy. Funny American slang words consist both of coined words and phrases and of new or extended meanings attached to established terms. Slang tends to develop from the attempt to find fresh and vigorous, colorful, pungent, or humorous expression. In order to make the story recreational and readable, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer applies much slang, which not only contributes to enhance the entertainment of the book, but also full of local colors, helping the readers to learn about the American culture.In chapter one, when aunt Polly wants to catch Tom but fails, she says: “ Old fools is the biggest fools there is.” and “ Can’t learn an old dog new tricks, as the saying is.” Here, the slang about old fools and old dog makes the image of aunt Polly more vivid. Then, in self-examination, aunt Polly uses slang once again. In the book, it goes: “Spare the rod and spile the child, as the Good Book says. I’m a laying up sin and suffering for us both, I know.” and “Well-a-well, man that is born of woman is of few days and full of trouble, as the Scripture says, and I reckon it’s so.” Hence, it can be concluded that aunt Polly cares and loves him, paying much attention on him. The slang here becomes comfort and enlightenment to aunt Polly.Besides, in chapter 5, Tom feels extremely bored with the sermon so he gets a large black beetle out. Suddenly, a vagrant poodle dog comes by. Then about the reaction of the poodle dog, Mark Twain has used many absorbing expressions, which is typically child language: “ The poodle dog spied the beetle; the drooping tail liftedand wagged. He surveyed the prize; walked around it; smelt at it from a safe distance; walked around it gain; grew bolder, and took a close smell......” Here, the most extraordinary word is “prize”, a metaphorical term, which is lively enough to show the overwhelming superiority of the poodle dog.The reason why Mark Twain has a preference for using much slang and many absorbing expressions in his work is associated with his earlier experience, when he was working with the people at the bottom of the society. Day by day, year by year, his wording is more expressive and suitable for all ages. As the old saying goes: “Art comes from life and goes beyond it.” The slang contributes to the literature value of The Adventure of Tom Sawyer and makes it charming and classical forever.3.The Language Characteristic of Setting Some Symbolic PlotsWhether or not one has read the novel, many of the characters--Tom himself, Becky Thatcher, Huck Finn, Injun Joe, and Aunt Polly--have become the classical images of American literature. Likewise, many plots are familiar and have become a part of the American cultural heritage: it is true that there are many seemingly extraneous scenes; nevertheless, each scene has its symbolic meaning, contributing to building a broad picture of the lives of these youths. In the broadest sense, the novel concentrates basically on Tom's--and to a lesser degree, Huck's--development from carefree childish behavior to one that is filled with mature. Furthermore, the primary adventure--which features the murder the boys witness and its aftermath--provides a single event that begins in the graveyard and runs throughout the plot of lesser adventures. The appeal of the novel lies mostly in Twain's ability to capture--or re-capture--universal experiences and dreams and fears of childhood. Twain captures the essence of childhood, with all its excitement, fear, and mischievousness.Twain does not confine himself to telling a simple children's story. To some extent, the novel is a combination of the past and the present, of the well-remembered events from childhood told in such a way as to tell us the maturation of a boy into a real man.4. ConclusionThe Adventures of Tom Sawyer, as the novel which remains one of the mostpopular and famous works of American literature, its story and characters have achieved folk hero status in the American popular imagination. Twain's reading audience loved this novel and its young hero, and the friendship of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn is one of the most celebrated in American literature, built on imaginative adventures, shared superstitions, and loyalty that rises above social convention. After analyzing the artistic characteristics of language of the novel, we could easily know that by the humor and satire, much slang, many absorbing expressions and the arrangement of the symbolic plots, Mark Twain wants to explore the inner world of the child and tell us how a boy ultimately grows up and becomes an adult who can still has his belief and can maintain the pureness in heart. Attracting in the content, profound in the meaning and mastered in language, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer can brighten the childhood of kids all around the world.Bibliography:[1] 马克·吐温.汤姆索亚历险记[M].刘光源译. 江苏:江苏译林出版社, 2019.[2] 王云霞. 永远的童年：童心·童趣·童真——谈《汤姆索亚历险记》[J].南都学坛, 2014(4): 61-62[3]李丽萍.《汤姆索亚历险记》的语言魅力[J]. 考试周刊, 2008(6): 8-14.。
美国文学英语期末作文范文
In the realm of American literature, the endofsemester essay serves as a culmination of students understanding and appreciation of the diverse themes, styles, and historical contexts that shape the literary landscape. Here is a sample essay that explores the impact of the American Dream on the characters in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby.The Elusive American Dream: A Reflection on The Great GatsbyThe American Dream, a concept deeply ingrained in the national psyche, has been a driving force behind the aspirations of countless individuals throughout American history. It is the idea that anyone, regardless of their background, can achieve success and prosperity through hard work and determination. However, F. Scott Fitzgeralds seminal work, The Great Gatsby, presents a nuanced and often critical perspective on this ideal, suggesting that the pursuit of the American Dream can lead to moral decay, disillusionment, and ultimately, tragedy.Jay Gatsby, the enigmatic protagonist, embodies the quintessential selfmade man. He rises from a humble background to amass a fortune that allows him to live a life of opulence and luxury. His journey is a testament to the possibilities that the American Dream promises. Yet, Gatsbys wealth is built on a foundation of illegal activities, reflecting the darker side of the pursuit of success. His story serves as a cautionary tale, illustrating how the relentless chase for wealth and status can corrupt ones values and lead to a life devoid of genuine happiness.The character of Daisy Buchanan represents another facet of the American Dreams allure and its pitfalls. Daisy, born into privilege, is drawn to Gatsbys wealth and the lifestyle it affords. However, her relationship with Gatsby is not based on genuine love but rather on the material comforts and social status that he can provide. This superficial connection underscores the emptiness that can accompany the pursuit of the American Dream when it is detached from authentic human connections.Fitzgerald uses the setting of the 1920s, an era of unprecedented economic growth and social change, to highlight the moral complexities of the American Dream. The Roaring Twenties was a time when the nation experienced a cultural shift, with a focus on materialism and hedonism. This backdrop serves as a microcosm for the broader societal implications of the American Dream, where the pursuit of wealth often overshadows the importance of integrity and genuine relationships.The novels tragic conclusion, with Gatsbys untimely death and the disillusionment ofthose around him, underscores the ultimate futility of his quest. Gatsbys dream of winning Daisys love and living a life of happiness is ultimately unattainable, not because of external circumstances, but because the dream itself is flawed. It is built on an idealized vision of success that is unmoored from the realities of human nature and the complexities of life.In conclusion, The Great Gatsby offers a profound critique of the American Dream, suggesting that while it may inspire ambition and hard work, it can also lead to moral compromise and a hollow existence. The characters in the novel serve as a reminder that the true measure of success is not found in material wealth or social status, but in the quality of our relationships and the integrity of our actions. As we reflect on the American Dream, it is essential to consider the values that guide our pursuit of success and the impact that this pursuit has on our lives and the lives of those around us.This essay provides a thoughtful analysis of the American Dream as depicted in The Great Gatsby, examining the moral implications of its pursuit and the consequences it has on the characters within the narrative. It encourages readers to consider the deeper meaning behind the pursuit of success and the true essence of the American Dream.。
美国文学作文英文
美国文学作文英文英文：American literature is a vast and diverse field, encompassing a wide range of genres, styles, and themes. As an avid reader and writer, I have always been drawn to the works of American authors, from the classic novels of Mark Twain and Ernest Hemingway to the contemporary fiction of Toni Morrison and Stephen King.One of the things that I find most interesting about American literature is its ability to reflect and commenton the social, cultural, and political issues of its time. For example, in the 19th century, writers like Harriet Beecher Stowe and Frederick Douglass used their works to address the issue of slavery and advocate for its abolition. Similarly, in the 20th century, authors like F. Scott Fitzgerald and John Steinbeck explored the impact of the Great Depression on American society.Another aspect of American literature that I appreciate is its diversity. From the works of African Americanwriters like Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston to the Native American literature of Leslie Marmon Silko and Sherman Alexie, American literature encompasses a wide range of voices and perspectives.Overall, I believe that American literature is an important and valuable part of our cultural heritage, one that continues to inspire and challenge readers today.中文：美国文学是一个广阔而多样化的领域，涵盖了各种流派、风格和主题。
美国文化英文论文范文精选3篇(全文)
美国文化英文论文范文精选3篇美国是当今世界最有生命力的GJ之一,她没有悠久的历时与根深蒂固的传统,作为一个如此年轻又强盛的GJ,正是因为没有了厚重的历史的羁绊,融合了多民族的智慧与特色,才使得她在制造一途上,走的比别人更远。
在这个日渐数字化得年代,电影已经成为现代都市一项不可或缺的休闲方式,并在某种程度上为人们提供着重要的精神食粮。
美国电影所具有的独特生命力与制造性,使其在世界电影中获得了不可替代的地位。
美国人强烈的自我中心观使得个人主义在美国电影中的表现显得尤为突出,这种个人追求与奋斗的精神,制造了大量诸如《蜘蛛侠》《钢铁侠》《绿巨人》一类的冒险性质的电影。
影片中的主人公大多是具有特异功能的一般人,他们利用这些能力惩恶扬善、挽救社会,同时他们有着一般人的各种生活、感情方面的问题,也承受着一个一般人不应承受的种种压力。
虽然也有烦恼,也会失败,但他们从不放弃。
主人公坚定的意志与责任感,体现了大多数平凡公民的内心世界,他们渴望正义,渴望被关注,渴望成为英雄。
这些电影把人类个体的力量神化,呼吁每一个一般人在社会中找到自己的责任,并完成自己的使命,将每一个人的个体价值诠释得淋漓尽致。
孤独的英雄并不完整,爱情是电影永恒的话题。
无论是哪部电影中,或多或少都有爱情的影子。
完美的爱情与家庭更是美国电影中不可替代的重要一笔。
诸多经典如《泰坦尼克号》《当幸福来敲门》《拜见岳父大人》都充分向人们展示了爱情的永恒与伟大。
尤其在911事件以后,美国人彻底改变了生活人生观念,他们相信:爱与亲情是生命中最重要的部分,家庭是最温暖的所在。
所以,讲述爱情与亲情的电影无疑有着拉近人与人距离的奇异力量,这类型的电影往往更有亲切感。
随着信息爆炸的逐渐加剧,美国电影利用其独特的生命力,逐渐吸取了大量来自世界各国的传统元素与演艺界人才。
有如同《花木兰》式的ZG传统故事,也有类似《功夫熊猫》等经典ZG 元素的形象塑造,美国电影将这些小众元素加以包装推广,让来自各方的民族特色全球化,从而达到自身经济利益的提升。
英语作文美国现实主义文学
英语作文美国现实主义文学美国现实主义文学 Realism in American Literature。
American literature has undergone numerous phases and movements throughout its rich history, each reflecting the social, cultural, and political landscapes of its time. One of the most significant movements that emerged in the 19th century is realism. Realism in American literature aimed to depict everyday life and experiences with a focus on ordinary people and situations. This essay will explore the characteristics, key figures, and major works of American realism, as well as its impact on literature and society.Characteristics of American Realism:American realism emerged as a response to romanticism and idealism, which dominated literature during the early 19th century. Realist writers sought to portray life as it truly was, without idealization or embellishment. They focused on the mundane aspects of existence, oftendepicting the struggles of ordinary people living in urban or rural settings.One of the defining characteristics of American realism is its emphasis on authenticity and detail. Realist writers meticulously observed and documented the world around them, drawing inspiration from their own experiences and observations. They employed precise language and vivid imagery to create a sense of immediacy and verisimilitudein their works.Another hallmark of American realism is its exploration of social issues and themes. Realist writers often addressed topics such as poverty, class inequality, industrialization, and urbanization. They sought to shed light on the harsh realities of life for marginalized or disenfranchised groups, challenging readers to confront uncomfortable truths about society.Key Figures of American Realism:Several key figures played pivotal roles in thedevelopment and popularization of American realism. One of the most influential writers of this period was Mark Twain, whose novels such as "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" and "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" are celebrated for their realistic portrayal of life in the American South.Another prominent figure in American realism was William Dean Howells, often referred to as the "Dean of American Letters." Howells was a leading literary critic and novelist whose works, including "The Rise of Silas Lapham" and "A Hazard of New Fortunes," explored the social and economic changes occurring in post-Civil War America.Edith Wharton was another notable realist writer whose novels, such as "The Age of Innocence" and "Ethan Frome," depicted the complexities of social class and the constraints of societal expectations in turn-of-the-century America.Major Works of American Realism:Several seminal works exemplify the themes and style ofAmerican realism. Mark Twain's "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" is perhaps the quintessential realist novel, chronicling the journey of a young boy and a runaway slave down the Mississippi River. Twain's sharp wit and keen observations of human nature illuminate the social and racial dynamics of antebellum America.William Dean Howells' "The Rise of Silas Lapham" is another important realist work that explores the pursuit of wealth and social status in post-Civil War America. The novel follows the rise and fall of its eponymous protagonist, a self-made businessman whose success is overshadowed by moral compromises and personal tragedies.Edith Wharton's "The Age of Innocence" offers a nuanced portrayal of New York's high society in the late 19th century, examining the tensions between tradition and modernity, duty and desire. Wharton's incisive commentary on the constraints of social convention and the consequences of nonconformity resonates with readers tothis day.Impact of American Realism:The impact of American realism extends beyond the realm of literature, influencing other artistic disciplines such as visual art and theater. Realist painters such as Winslow Homer and Thomas Eakins sought to capture the everydaylives of ordinary Americans, while playwrights like Henrik Ibsen and Anton Chekhov adopted realist techniques to explore psychological and social themes on the stage.Moreover, American realism paved the way for subsequent literary movements such as naturalism and modernism, which built upon its foundations while pushing the boundaries of narrative experimentation and stylistic innovation. The legacy of realism can be seen in the works of later writers such as Ernest Hemingway, John Steinbeck, and Toni Morrison, who continued to explore the complexities of the human experience with honesty and integrity.In conclusion, American realism represents a pivotal moment in the evolution of literature, challengingprevailing literary conventions and offering a moreauthentic and nuanced portrayal of the human condition. Through its emphasis on everyday life, social critique, and psychological insight, realism continues to resonate with readers and scholars alike, reminding us of the power of literature to illuminate the world around us.。
简单介绍美国文学英语作文
American literature is a rich and diverse field that has evolved over the centuries, reflecting the nations history, culture, and values. It encompasses a wide range of genres, including poetry, novels, short stories, and plays, and has been shaped by various literary movements and influential authors.The roots of American literature can be traced back to the colonial period, when writers like Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Paine used their pens to advocate for independence and democracy. The 19th century saw the emergence of the Romantic movement, with authors like Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Herman Melville exploring themes of individualism, nature, and the supernatural.The turn of the 20th century brought about the Realism and Naturalism movements, with writers like Mark Twain, Stephen Crane, and Theodore Dreiser depicting the harsh realities of life in America. The Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s showcased the talents of African American writers like Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston, who celebrated their heritage and challenged racial stereotypes.In the mid20th century, the Modernist movement emerged, with authors like T.S. Eliot, Ernest Hemingway, and F. Scott Fitzgerald experimenting with new forms and styles. The postWorld War II era saw the rise of the Beat Generation, with writers like Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg rebelling against societal norms and embracing a more freespirited lifestyle.Contemporary American literature continues to thrive, with authors like Toni Morrison, Don DeLillo, and Junot Díaz exploring themes of identity, race, and social issues. The genre also encompasses a variety of subgenres, such as science fiction, fantasy, and mystery, with authors like Ursula K. Le Guin, Stephen King, and Agatha Christie making significant contributions.In conclusion, American literature is a vibrant and everevolving field that offers a window into the nations soul. It is a testament to the creativity, resilience, and diversity of the American spirit, and continues to captivate readers around the world.。
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中国大学教学 2010年第10期94赵 硕，西北工业大学人文经法学院副教授，瑞典卡尔斯塔德大学客座教授，美国洛杉矶加利福尼亚大学（UCLA ）访问学者。
美国UCLA 大学英语教学模式的发展与启示赵 硕摘 要：本文在分析UCLA （美国加州大学洛杉矶分校）英语教育特点的基础上，探讨了21世纪以来UCLA 大学英语教育的变革动因，概括了基于ESL 学习标准的UCLA 大学英语教学目标和策略，分析了UCLA 在交际能力培养和使用现代教育技术的基础上如何创造性地运用轻松自由教学模式以更好地实施跨学科教学，在此基础上提出了其教学模式与策略对我国大学外语教学的启示。
关键词：UCLA ；大学英语；教学模式；第二语言美国加州大学洛杉矶分校共设有13个学院，其中文理学院人文学科设有英语外语教学专业，这既是基于UCLA 的学生来自世界一百多个国家和地区，也是为了推进英语的国际化和学生的教学需要而设置的，UCLA 的大学英语教学模式的发展值得我们研究与探讨。
一、UCLA 大学英语教育变革的动因自2004年起，随着美国政府在教育政策、教育经费投入、教师待遇和教育国际交流等诸方面向外语教育倾斜，UCLA 给予大学外语教学前所未有的资助和扶持，其高校英语教育变革也随之启动。
随着全球化进程和高等教育国际化的日益推进，UCLA 日益感觉到让学校的各国大学生学习英语语言与文化的重要性。
美国著名的民意分析和社会学家丹尔·扬克洛维奇认为：让居住在美国的外来人口理解英语语言和文化是美国高等教育在今后十年内必须解决的五大迫切需要之一[1]。
无疑，通过高校英语教育，UCLA 的各国大学生可以熟悉和了解美国或其他国家的文化和语言，更多地理解他人的思想和看法。
UCLA 认为学校需要对世界持有一种包容开放的姿态，要学会从别人的视角和眼光看待世界，而大学英语教育恰好能使青年一代唯我独尊的思想有所改善, 从而使各国的大学生能够在毕业后更好地融入美国这样一个多元文化的社会。
由于UCLA 设有80个院系，学生来自125个不同的国家，设置了2000多门不同的课程，主要采用英语为教学语言，因此UCLA 的各个院系都十分关注英语语言教学和研究, 如何整合英语教学、优化教学资源、减少教育内耗以及创新外语教学以便更好地为学生的专业学习服务已经成为UCLA 英语教学改革的内在动力。
二、基于ESL 学习标准的UCLA 大学英语教学目标ESL(English as Second Language)标准包括作为表现指标的学习策略和自我监控策略以及为学生提供在Non-ESL 课堂中知识和技能方面的发展[2]。
英语语言是UCLA 学习者必须掌握的学习语言，因此UCLA 的英语教学系总是致力于发展和利用各种策略以促进学生的英语语言学习。
同时，学生协作也是ESL 标准的一个成功指标，学校英语教师十分重视学生协作对第二语言发展的重要作用，认为学生协作是提高英语语言学习的一种重要方式。
UCLA 的大学英语教学包括以下五个目标：一是用英语来获得信息和知识。
该标准是指大学生为了在社会和学术情景中有效进行沟通而必须获得的英语知识和技能，学生把英语作为第二语言来学习和使用，反映了UCLA 英语语言学习的核心内容。
二是用英语来进行文学评论、欣赏和表达。
要求学生发展英语知识和技能以阅读和理解丰富的文学作品，包括从古典到现代不同文化的作品。
学生必须做出口头和书面的文学解释，以提高对英语文本和意义的理解。
三是用英语进行批判性的分析和评价。
发展学生分析和评价复杂文本和问题的能力，学生学习英语须考虑口头和书面文本的不同，并且使用不同的准则评价和解释文本。
四是用英语进行社会交际和课堂互动。
英语用于社会交际和课堂互动体现了英语学习的技能和策略，学生必须掌握英语以实现真实的交际情境和学术情景。
五是用英语来学习和理解跨文化知识。
清晰地说出在社会和专业语境中获得的“第二文化”的组成部分，促进思想交流和跨文化假设并且获取各个文化层面的知识，包括各种文化习俗、规范、信仰和假设的不同层面，鼓励学生在文化层面上探索自己以及他人的文化。
三、教学方法灵活多样在国际化语境下，UCLA的英语教师在注重培养交际能力的基础上创造性地运用了轻松自由教学模式，以创新外语教学模式，更好地实施跨学科教学，同时转变教育管理机制以鼓励合作和交流。
1.注重交际能力培养在英语教学过程中, UCLA的教师和学生大量地运用目标语进行交流，要求学生以小组形式运用目标语表达、解释和讨论以进行信息交换，具体教学模式主要有传统模式、探索模式和沉浸模式。
传统模式提供阶段性的语言学习经验，使学生获取一定的语言熟练度，在了解文化的同时发展听说读写的技能。
探究式为学生提供接触一种或更多的英语学习的机会，旨在使学生对某种语言和文化有一个系统的了解，使外语教育和课程内容学习相结合。
双向沉浸则把英语为母语的学生和非英语为母语的学生编在同一个班内(通常各占一半)，以两种语言进行教学活动，诸如英语和西班牙语各占50%的时间。
鼓励学生大量运用目标语，并在句子中间进行语码转换，因为语码转换能调动语言学习的主观能动性，提高语言流利程度。
2.轻松自由的教学模式UCLA的英语教师根据学生的水平、兴趣和需要按照一定教学思路，综合多种教学法安排课堂教学。
从20世纪80年代开始，UCLA的英语教学已从注重语法、词汇和语音的教学转向重视培养应用语言交际的能力。
交际法并不排斥语法教学，但强调语法的作用是为了实现交际的目的。
它以学习者为中心、以任务为基础、以情景为依托、以整体为目标，活动围绕交际进行，重视交际过程，容许出现语法错误。
UCLA的交际教学法融合了探究式学习、语境教学、交互式语言教学等多种手段。
3.整合人文学科课程，实施跨学科教学在教育目标的指引下，UCLA进行了外语课程的教学变革。
外语教学委员会的专家们通过评估外语课程与教学现状，认为在美国目前所处的“外语赤字”危机局面下不能单纯强化语言学习[3]。
为此，UCLA的专家委员会建议在文理学院结合各自教学资源进行学科和课程整合，为大学生提供更加宽泛和连贯的课程。
例如文理学院将新闻、法律、历史、教育、文学等专业和英语系联合实施跨学科教学，将语言、文化和文学知识整合成跨学科课程，这样使学生不仅能学习英语，还能够在这些课程中通过历史事件、法律文本、艺术作品、文化传统等各方面的文化学习进一步提升英语语言和文化能力。
整合人文学科、实施跨学科教学势必要求创新原有的外语教学模式。
为此外语教学委员会要求英语教师在教学中将使学生能够理解、分析语言的综合能力作为教学变革的目标，主要是让学生接触和了解真实的外语生活，同时要加强书本知识以外的社会文化知识的学习。
外语教学委员会强调大学生应当在英语学习中从论文、小说、诗歌、影视作品和音乐等多种形式和渠道获取真实的文化和语言信息，使学生具备理解和分析“文化叙事”的能力。
新的跨学科教学模式要求开展团队教学和贯穿四年的联系课程，促使大学生发展语言能力、丰富文化知识、实现教学创新。
4.转变教育管理机制，整合师资，鼓励合作和交流课程和教学内容的整合离不开师资队伍的建设。
针对师资相对匮乏的现状，外语教学委员会的专家们提出了一系列师资建设方案以有效扩大师资队伍。
UCLA认为研究型大学要加大英语师资培养力度，因为本科阶段英语教学师资大多是来自研究型大学的博士毕业生，因此研究型大学外语研究生的培养也必须随之变革。
UCLA创新型外语教学模式要求未来的英语教师不仅要精通语言教学，熟悉新科技和现代技术，还要具备广泛的跨专业、跨学科的人文知识，尽管这种师资在目前非常缺乏，但却是外语教育未来发展的必然要求，代表了UCLA师资建设的发展方向。
四、广泛使用高科技和现代教育技术UCLA提倡通过互联网及专业资料库获取信息，利用电子邮件、布告栏、聊天室、博客使学习者用目标语与目标语国家的教师和同学开展交流，同时开发了大量英语课堂教学软件以提高教学效果。
1.电子邮件UCLA的英语教师通过电子邮件开展部分教学活动，实现与学生的交互教学。
例如，教师规定时间收发交作业，给出反馈意见，而学生可以提取教师教案和练习答案。
通过电子邮件与学生探讨、沟通思想，建立电子信箱中的专家问答栏，邀请国内外同行加入教学团队，建立英语教师档案。
学生可挑选教师，通过电子邮件进95行交流。
教师也可以组织异地学生进行交流，结交笔友，以此提高语言运用和跨文化交际能力。
2.电子布告栏由于电子论坛具有用户管理、讨论管理、实时讨论、用户留言、电子信件等功能，学生能借助浏览器进行讨论，可以针对别人的意见进行评论，根据主题发言。
这是一种主动、协作、开放的英语学习模式，能激发学生学习兴趣、求知欲和创新精神，并且能锻炼学生的思维能力和提高写作能力。
3.建立自主学习中心根据学习者个人需求和水平，鼓励语言自主学习。
自主学习中心融资源、管理、系统于一体，为外语学习者提供良好的学习环境。
继哈佛大学、哥伦比亚大学之后UCLA也开始为学生提供良好的自主学习中心环境。
4. 开设网上图书馆与网上授课由于美国高校网络资源共享，越来越多的网上图书馆与数据库向外语学习者免费或注册开放[4]。
作为远程教育的一部分，UCLA网上外语授课已在美国普遍实行，通过虚拟课堂可以出版和上传个人最新英语作品、建立教育博客，学生可以进行英语写作、阅读并与教师进行知识共享和交流，以此提高虚拟课堂组织的凝聚力。
五、UCLA的大学英语教学变革对我们的启示1.比较不同语言文化特性，促进多元语言文化认同UCLA在英语教学中，逐步扩充学生的语言文化知识，加强对学生目标语文化知识的导入。
这不仅可避免因文化休克造成的交际障碍，还能使学生接触世界各国的优秀文化，了解外语丰富的文化内涵，同时能够把学到的目标语文化知识应用到专业学习活动中去。
2.利用现代化教育技术手段提高教学效率科学技术的发展为外语教学提供了丰富的教育资源，也为师生们共享这些资源提供了可能性。
这就要求我们的外语教师能够开发教学资源、熟悉教学软件和硬件，学会使用网络资源以及远程教育手段，丰富外语教学内容，同时使用互动性的软件增加外语学习兴趣，鼓励师生利用电子邮件、网上讨论等直接参与目标语言交际。
此外，计算机技术应用及掌握的熟练程度也应该应成为评估外语教学能力的标准之一。
3.整合课程、教学和师资，实现教育模式的创新UCLA所实施的一系列外语教育变革，不仅涉及到具体的外语教学改革，还包括高校人文学科的课程整合、教学模式创新以及师资整合和交流计划，对于改变长期低效、低质量的高校外语教育可以说是一个很好的借鉴。
这就要求我们的高校教学管理部门和相关院系能够高瞻远瞩、放眼未来。
其变革决不是在大学课堂中增加一些外语课程那么简单，而是要求跨学科、跨院系合作和管理完成教育创新。