文体学五种文体PPT
合集下载
文体学五种文体演示课件
12
Example
“Daddy,where you been?” “Hunting for a rabbit's skin to wrap my little Bonnie in.Give your best sweetheart a kiss,Bonnie---and you too,Ella.”
6
Example
Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words of introduction. And we're delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China.
Features: A.This vatiety reflects the most basic and common features among 5 varieties. B.Sentences are not too long,words are plain and are often arranged in normal order. C.Some grammatical phenomena not preferred like participles used as adverbials. D.No variation in diction. E.Sentences often begin with:well,but,so...
--------Gone with the Wind
13
Thank you!
14
Fatures: A. First name in greeting,no formal title. B.Often uses fragments,contractions,slang. C.Often used in more relaxed situation as in domitory. D.There is a greater variation from region to region,from one social group to another than formal and other styles.
Example
“Daddy,where you been?” “Hunting for a rabbit's skin to wrap my little Bonnie in.Give your best sweetheart a kiss,Bonnie---and you too,Ella.”
6
Example
Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words of introduction. And we're delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China.
Features: A.This vatiety reflects the most basic and common features among 5 varieties. B.Sentences are not too long,words are plain and are often arranged in normal order. C.Some grammatical phenomena not preferred like participles used as adverbials. D.No variation in diction. E.Sentences often begin with:well,but,so...
--------Gone with the Wind
13
Thank you!
14
Fatures: A. First name in greeting,no formal title. B.Often uses fragments,contractions,slang. C.Often used in more relaxed situation as in domitory. D.There is a greater variation from region to region,from one social group to another than formal and other styles.
文体学五种文体ppt课件
Example
"I've tried it,and it don't work;it don't work,Tom.It ain't for me...The widder eats by a bell;she goes to bed by a bell;she gits up by a bell---everything's so awful reg'lar a body can't Declaration of Independence
Formal style
Definition:Formal style is used before a large audience such as formal lectures,inaugural address of president elect,scientific reports.
Example
"Where's Van Bummel,the shoolmaster? " "He went off to the war too,was the great militia
general,and is now in Congress." ——Rip Van Winkle
Casual style
Example
Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words of introduction. And we're delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China.
文学作品的体裁分类ppt课件
.
+ （2）抒情散文 + 注重表现作者的思想感受，抒发作者的思想
感情的散文。这类散文有对具体事物的记叙和描 绘，但通常没有贯穿全篇的情节，其突出的特点 是强烈的抒情性。它或直抒胸臆，或触景生情， 洋溢着浓烈的诗情画意，即使描写的是自然风物， 也赋予了深刻的社会内容和思想感情。优秀的抒 情散文感情真挚，语言生动，还常常运用象征和 比拟的手法，把思想寓于形象之中，具有强烈的 艺术感染力。例如：茅盾的《白杨礼赞》、魏巍 的《依依惜别的深情》、朱自清的《荷塘月色》、 冰心的《樱花赞》、当代作家 田茂泉的《哦， 棋山》。
现代散文定义，是指与小说、诗歌、戏剧并 列的一种文学体裁，对它又有广义和狭义两种理 解。
广义的散文，是指诗歌、小说、戏剧以外的 所有具有文学性的散行文章。除以议论抒情为主 的散文外，还包括通讯、报告文学、随笔杂文、 回忆录、传记等文体。随着写作学科的发展，许 多文体自立门户，散文的范围日益缩小。
狭义的散文是指文艺性散文，它是一种以记 叙或抒情为主，取材广泛、笔法灵活、篇幅短小、 情文并茂的文学样式。
格律诗：是按照一定格式和规则写成的诗歌。它对诗 的行数、诗句的字数或音节、声调音韵、词语对仗、 句式排列等有严格规定。
自由诗：是近代欧美新发展起来的一种诗体。它不受 格律限制，无固定格式，注重自然的、内在的节奏。 各方面都不受限制，语言比较通俗。
散文诗：是兼有散文和诗的特点的一种文学体裁。
.
二.散文
心理描写
步步留心 时时在意 惟恐被别人耻笑
谨慎自尊
肖像描写
身体怯弱 自然风流 多愁善感 弱柳扶风
娇美柔弱
语言描写 刚念了《四书》 认得几个字 细心周到
“舅母爱惜赐反饭，原不应 辞……
+ （2）抒情散文 + 注重表现作者的思想感受，抒发作者的思想
感情的散文。这类散文有对具体事物的记叙和描 绘，但通常没有贯穿全篇的情节，其突出的特点 是强烈的抒情性。它或直抒胸臆，或触景生情， 洋溢着浓烈的诗情画意，即使描写的是自然风物， 也赋予了深刻的社会内容和思想感情。优秀的抒 情散文感情真挚，语言生动，还常常运用象征和 比拟的手法，把思想寓于形象之中，具有强烈的 艺术感染力。例如：茅盾的《白杨礼赞》、魏巍 的《依依惜别的深情》、朱自清的《荷塘月色》、 冰心的《樱花赞》、当代作家 田茂泉的《哦， 棋山》。
现代散文定义，是指与小说、诗歌、戏剧并 列的一种文学体裁，对它又有广义和狭义两种理 解。
广义的散文，是指诗歌、小说、戏剧以外的 所有具有文学性的散行文章。除以议论抒情为主 的散文外，还包括通讯、报告文学、随笔杂文、 回忆录、传记等文体。随着写作学科的发展，许 多文体自立门户，散文的范围日益缩小。
狭义的散文是指文艺性散文，它是一种以记 叙或抒情为主，取材广泛、笔法灵活、篇幅短小、 情文并茂的文学样式。
格律诗：是按照一定格式和规则写成的诗歌。它对诗 的行数、诗句的字数或音节、声调音韵、词语对仗、 句式排列等有严格规定。
自由诗：是近代欧美新发展起来的一种诗体。它不受 格律限制，无固定格式，注重自然的、内在的节奏。 各方面都不受限制，语言比较通俗。
散文诗：是兼有散文和诗的特点的一种文学体裁。
.
二.散文
心理描写
步步留心 时时在意 惟恐被别人耻笑
谨慎自尊
肖像描写
身体怯弱 自然风流 多愁善感 弱柳扶风
娇美柔弱
语言描写 刚念了《四书》 认得几个字 细心周到
“舅母爱惜赐反饭，原不应 辞……
《文体学五种文体》课件
3 写作技巧
运用场景描写和人物心 理刻画，增强故事吸引 力。
描写文
定义：以物体、人物、景色等为对象，对其进行详细的描写和刻画的文体。
特点
通过精细描写绘制生动画面，让读者感受到事物的形态和特点。
常见类型
风景描写、人物描写、物品描写等。
写作技巧
使用比喻、拟人等修辞手法，增加描写的艺术性和感染力。
说明文
定义：通过解释、说明或展示某一事物或现象的特点、性质、原理等的文体。
1
特点
结构清晰明了，注重事实陈述和逻辑推理。
2
常见类型
科普文章、说明书、教程等。
3
写作技巧
简洁明了、通俗易懂的语言，Illustrated Or Descriptive PPT Slides，帮助读者更好理解。
议论文
定义：通过明确论点，分析论证和阐述观点的文体。
《文体学五种文体》PPT 课件
通过《文体学五种文体》PPT课件，我们将深入探讨不同文体的定义、特点、 常见类型和写作技巧，帮助您更好地理解和运用这些不同的文风。
记叙文
定义：一种以时间为基础，叙述事件发展和人物故事的文体。
1 特点
注重事件顺序和时间表 达，具有连贯性。
2 常见类型
小说、故事、传记等。
1
特点
提出明确立场，辩证论证和回应不同观点。
2
常见类型
论述，评论，辩论等。
3
写作技巧
运用论据和例证，具体分析问题，提出合理观点。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
诗歌
定义：以表达情感和思想为目的，通过艺术语言创作的文体。
特点
押韵，节奏感强，富有声音美 和意象美。
常见类型
古体诗、现代诗、民间诗等。
文体学五种文体
9
Casual style
Definition:Casual style is the language used for situations in which no social barriers are felt by the participants.It is the language used among friends acquaintances,insiders,and people with shared knowledge.
感谢下载
6
Example
Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words of introduction. And we're delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China.
感谢下载
4
Example
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness……
8
Example
"Where's Van Bummel,the shoolmaster? " "He went off to the war too,was the great militia general,and is now in Congress."
文体知识.ppt
至于：由上文引出下文结果，以致，以至于
颠覆：灭亡。 固：本来。
以：用。 事：侍奉。
宜：应当，应该。 得：得当，适宜
译文：以至于发展到颠覆的结局，从道理 上说本来应该这样。古人说：“用土地来侍奉 秦国，好像抱着木柴去救火，木柴不烧完，火 就不会熄灭。”这话是说对了。
秦以攻取之外， 小则获邑，大则 得城。较秦之所 得，与战胜而得 者，其实百倍； 诸侯之所亡，与 战败而亡者，其 实亦百倍。则秦 之所大欲，诸侯 之所大患，固不 在战矣。
地 有 限 ， 欲 无 厌
奉 之 弥 繁 ， 侵 之 愈
至 于 颠 覆
急
小邑
大城
赂
得百倍 失百倍
数量上
秦
者
对
大欲
大患
力
得难
献易
程度上
亏 ，
比
有限
无厌
破
奉繁
侵急
灭 之
不尽
不灭
道理上
道 也
本段除了突出以对比论证为主， 还用了哪些论证手法？
引证法
以地事秦, 犹抱薪救火, 比喻形象生动 薪不尽 火不灭
齐人未尝赂秦，终继五国迁灭，何哉？
译：五国灭亡之后，齐国也就难免要灭亡 了。燕国与赵国的君主，起初有长远的谋 略，能够坚守国土，施行正义而不贿赂秦 国。
是故燕虽小国而后亡，斯用兵之效也。 至丹以荆卿为计，始速祸焉。
斯：这。 以：用 始：才。
效：效果，结果。 以…为：把…作为 速：招致。
译：所以燕国虽然是个小国却能后灭亡，这就是 用兵抗敌的功效。等到燕太子丹用派遣荆轲刺杀 秦王作为对付秦国的策略，才招致了祸患。
小学学习课件
文体知识
• 论，是古代常用的一种文体，分为两种：一 种是政论，主要用于发表作者对于时政的见解 和主张；一种是史论，通过评论历史，总结历 史教训，为当时统治者提供治国借鉴。本文属 于史论文。 “六国论”是一个省略式短语， 实际上应是“六国破灭之论”，“六国论”是 倒装省略句，是“论六国灭亡的根本原因” 。
文体学五种文体(课堂PPT)
8
Example
"Where's Van Bummel,the shoolmaster? " "He went off to the war too,was the great militia general,and is now in Congress."
——Rip Van Winkle
9
Casual style
Features: A.This vatiety reflects the most basic and common features among 5 varieties. B.Sentences are not too long,words are plain and are often arranged in normal order. C.Some grammatical phenomena not preferred like participles used as adverbials. D.No variation in diction. E.Sentences often begin with:well,but,so...
6
Example
Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words of introduction. And we're delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China.
——Declaration of Independence
Example
"Where's Van Bummel,the shoolmaster? " "He went off to the war too,was the great militia general,and is now in Congress."
——Rip Van Winkle
9
Casual style
Features: A.This vatiety reflects the most basic and common features among 5 varieties. B.Sentences are not too long,words are plain and are often arranged in normal order. C.Some grammatical phenomena not preferred like participles used as adverbials. D.No variation in diction. E.Sentences often begin with:well,but,so...
6
Example
Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words of introduction. And we're delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China.
——Declaration of Independence
各类文体阅读常识 ppt课件
2020/12/2
4
一、记叙文
• 4.记叙文的范畴 • 古代的记、传、序、表、志等，现代的
消息、通讯、简报、新闻特写、传记、回 忆录、游记等，都属于记叙文的范畴. • 5.阅读要求： • 6.范例
2020/12/2
5
记叙文“六步”阅读法
• 一看标题信息，揣摩记叙类型；
• 辨别记叙的对象，写人、记事、写景、状物，以哪个 为主。
•
这臭豆腐做法看起来简单，但实际上很复杂。先将豆腐切成小块，再给穿
上一件白布，放木板上再盖上——同木板压住，到了第二天，该叫豆腐们起床
了，豆腐们也变得结结实实得了，看到他们的样子联想到出锅时，口水再也不
禁流下来了。睡完觉，当然要用卤水泡个澡，可这一泡就是几天可把我的心挠
的痒痒，取出来了以后，衣着朴实的白豆腐把衣服变成了青墨色，最后沥干水
2020/12/2
11
说明方法
• (1) 下定义 (2) 举例子 (3) 作比较 • (4) 打比方 (5) 分类别 (6) 列数字 • 其余的还有 ：摹状貌、画图表、作诠释、
引古籍(引证法)等。
• 说明语言要求准确、周密、平实、简明。
2020/12/2
12
说明文阅读技巧
• 1、抓住文题，弄清说明对象； • 看是事物说明文还是事理说明文。 • 2、弄清说明顺序； • 空间顺序、时间顺序还是逻辑顺序。 • 3、把握结构形式； • 并列式、连贯式、递进式、总分式。
而也有的思路是 • “分析问题——得出结论——解决问题”的归纳论证方法。 • 驳论文的思路是 • “摆靶子——揭实质——论危害——作结论”（正面论点） • 三剖析结构，分出文章层次； • 常见结构有四种：并列式、对照式、层进式、总分式。
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——Declaration of Independence
5
Formal style
Definition:Formal style is used before a large audience such as formal lectures,inaugural address of president elect,scientific reports.
——US Vice President's Speech at Fudan University
7
Consultative style
Definition:Consultative style is used for conducting most business matters,such as talking with strangers,buying things in a shop ,asking the way in the sreet.
4
Example
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness……
Definition:Casual style is the language used for situations in which no social barriers are felt by the participants.It is the language used among friends acquaintances,insiders,and people with shared knowledge.
6
Example
Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words of introduction. And we're delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China.
Features: A.This vatiety reflects the most basic and common features among 5 varieties. B.Sentences are not too long,words are plain and are often arranged in normal order. C.Some grammatical phenomena not preferred like participles used as adverbials. D.No variation in diction. E.Sentences often begin with:well,but,so...
Five Levels of Degrees of Formality
1
➢ Introduction ➢ Definition ➢ Features ➢ Example
2
Introduction
Martin Joos’ classification of degrees of formality in his book The Five Clocks(1962) is of five levels:frozen,formal, consultative,casual and intimate.
8
Example
"Where's Van Bummel,the shoolmaster? " "He went off to the war too,was the great militia general,and is now in Congress."
——Rip Van Winkle
9
Casual style
Fatures: A. First name in greeting,no formal title. B.Often uses fragments,contracБайду номын сангаасions,slang. C.Often used in more relaxed situation as in domitory. D.There is a greater variation from region to region,from one social group to another than formal and other styles.
Features: A.Tightly structured and well-planned,no fragments,no repetition and second thought. B.Vocabulary technical,varied consciously. C.Clear and careful pronunciation. D.Different sentence structures.
3
Frozen style
Definition:Frozen style is used by professional speakers for public purposes,such as legal documents regulations,formal ceremonies. Features:
A.Fixed form and stucture as if frozen. B.Often used on hightly significant occasions.eg:Inaugural,ceremony,court of law. C.Archaic words,formal and big expressions,long and complex sentences.
5
Formal style
Definition:Formal style is used before a large audience such as formal lectures,inaugural address of president elect,scientific reports.
——US Vice President's Speech at Fudan University
7
Consultative style
Definition:Consultative style is used for conducting most business matters,such as talking with strangers,buying things in a shop ,asking the way in the sreet.
4
Example
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness……
Definition:Casual style is the language used for situations in which no social barriers are felt by the participants.It is the language used among friends acquaintances,insiders,and people with shared knowledge.
6
Example
Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words of introduction. And we're delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China.
Features: A.This vatiety reflects the most basic and common features among 5 varieties. B.Sentences are not too long,words are plain and are often arranged in normal order. C.Some grammatical phenomena not preferred like participles used as adverbials. D.No variation in diction. E.Sentences often begin with:well,but,so...
Five Levels of Degrees of Formality
1
➢ Introduction ➢ Definition ➢ Features ➢ Example
2
Introduction
Martin Joos’ classification of degrees of formality in his book The Five Clocks(1962) is of five levels:frozen,formal, consultative,casual and intimate.
8
Example
"Where's Van Bummel,the shoolmaster? " "He went off to the war too,was the great militia general,and is now in Congress."
——Rip Van Winkle
9
Casual style
Fatures: A. First name in greeting,no formal title. B.Often uses fragments,contracБайду номын сангаасions,slang. C.Often used in more relaxed situation as in domitory. D.There is a greater variation from region to region,from one social group to another than formal and other styles.
Features: A.Tightly structured and well-planned,no fragments,no repetition and second thought. B.Vocabulary technical,varied consciously. C.Clear and careful pronunciation. D.Different sentence structures.
3
Frozen style
Definition:Frozen style is used by professional speakers for public purposes,such as legal documents regulations,formal ceremonies. Features:
A.Fixed form and stucture as if frozen. B.Often used on hightly significant occasions.eg:Inaugural,ceremony,court of law. C.Archaic words,formal and big expressions,long and complex sentences.