常用英语应用文写作方法

现在国际学术交流活动日益频繁，社会对我们的英语实用能力提出了更新、更高的要求，这在医学领域表现的尤为明显。

本人才疏学浅，总结了一些关于这方面的资料，期望能对需要这方面知识的朋友有所帮助。

内容可能有所欠缺，敬请谅解！cover letter对论文内容及意义的说明We feel that we have achieved a major break-through since this is the first time that anyone has demonstrated the replication of a granulosis virus in cell culture. Now it will be possible to study intracellular events in the replication cycle of this virus and to make a more detailed comparison between the granulosis and nuclear polyedrosis viruses.声明没有一稿多投I hereby certify that this paper consists of original, unpublished work which is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.Cover letter★Dear Dr. Beanstalk:Enclosed is a manuscript entitled “Inhibiti on of growth of jack beans by ultraviolet irridiation” by Mary Roe and John Doe, which we are submitting for publication in the Journal of Uninhibited Growth. We have chosen this journal because it deals with the uninhibited growth of a wide range of organisms as a general biological phenomenon. We believe that the reverse phenomenon would be of interest to the journal’s readers. Part of material in the manuscript was presented at a meeting of the International Society for Uninhibited Growth in Papeete Tahiti. On April 10, 2000.I hope you will give favorable consideration to this manuscript and find the article acceptable for publication in your journal. Sincerely,Mary Roe, Ph. D.★Dear Dr．Defendi ML：Enclosed is a manuscript by Rose N ．Dipaola，Donna A．Gallo，and Tom N．Roberts titled “Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Lo ng-Term Transfusion Patients”．It is submitted to be considered for publication as an original article in your journal．Neither the entire paper nor any part of its content has been published or has been accepted elsewhere．It is not being submitted to any other journal．We believe the paper may be of particular interest to the readers of your journal because the study it reports stated the HCV infection rate among long-term transfusion patients is higher than that of the general population and of short-term transfusion patients．Correspondence and phone calls about the paper should be directed to Rose N．Dipaola at the following address，phone and fax number，and e-mail address：Rose N ．Dipaola，MDInstitute of Internal MedicineCleveland Clinic Foundation9500 Euclid Ave．Cleveland，OH44195，USATel：1-216-444-5360Fax：1-216-444-9580E-mail：dipao＠Thanks very much for your attention to our paper．Sincerely yours，Rose N．Dipaola询问有无收到稿件Dear Dr. …Zeng WH, Wang JL, Chen L. “….(title)”We emailed the above mentioned manuscript to you on 3 August 2003 but have not, as yet, received acknowledgement of their safe arrival. We fear that may have been lost [got lost / gone astray] and should be grateful if you would let us know whether or not you have received them. If not, we will send a further [another 3 / 3 more] one.Thanking you in advance for your help.Yours faithfully,询问论文审查回音Dear, Dr. …:#8239 Zeng WH, Wang JL and Chen L.It is more than 12 weeks since I submitted the above mentioned paper to you for possible publication in your journal. I have not yet received a reply and am wondering whether you have reached [come to] a decision. I should appreciate your letting me know what you have decided as soon as possible. Your sincerely,★（论文修回意见）★仅作少量修改即可采用This is a carefully done study and the findings are of considerable interest. A few minor revisions are listed below.希望增加数据Although this paper is good, it would be even better if some extra data were added. First……有几处不明确This is a well-written paper containing interesting results which merit publication. For the benefit of the reader, however, a number of points need clarifying and certain statements require further justification. These are given below.建议改投其他专门的期刊Although these observations are interesting, they are rather limited and do not advance our knowledge of the subject sufficiently to warrant publication in PNAS. We suggest that the authors try submitting their findings to a specialist journal such as… …与几年前已经发表的论文几乎一样This manuscript is not suitable for publication in the Journal of Cell Biology because the main observation it describes was reported 3 years ago in reputable journal and in some detail. The additional concerning cAMP which are included in this manuscript add little to what is already known.英文表达差Please ask someone familiar with the English language to help you rewrite the paper. As you will see, I have made some corrections at the beginning of the paper where some syntax is not satisfactory.It is clear that the authors are not native speakers of English. There are frequent changes in tense where none is required and much confusion about the use of the definite article.We feel that this potentially interesting study has been marred by an inability to communicate the findings correctly in English and should like to suggest that the authors seek the advice of someone with a good knowledge of English, preferable a native speaker.英文难以理解The wording and style of some sections, particularly those concerning HPLC, need careful editing. Attention should be paid to the wording of those parts of the Discussion and Summary which have been underlined.（对修回意见的回复）★回信开始部分的写法按审稿人的意见修改论文Thank you for your letter of … and for the referee’s comments concerning our manuscript entitled “…”. We have studied their c omments carefully and have made corrections which we hope meet with their approval.按审稿人的意见增补实验I enclose herewith a revised manuscript which includes a report of additional experiments done at the referee’s suggestion. Y ou will see that our original findings are confirmed.修改处用红笔划线注明We emailed the revised manuscript of the above mentioned paper. It has been altered according to the comments of the reviewers. Revised portions are underlined in red.说明审稿人意见很有帮助We found the referee’s comments most helpful and have revised the manuscript accordingly.对论文得到好评表示感谢Thank you for your letter dated 9 March, from which I am pleased to learn that our manuscript (Reference No. 97-1605) is acceptable for publication in Cancer Research with minor revision.★关于论文修改的写法对审稿人提出的问题增补了实验The referees suggest that the response we observe was due to artifacts, i. e. , factors intrinsic to the experimental system, rather than to the visible photons of laser irradiation we applied. We have therefore completed a further series of experiments, the results of which are summarized in Table 5. From these we conclude that …We wish to thank the referees for their useful comments. We have done the experiment they suggest and have inserted the procedure, results and conclusions in our paper, as appropriate. The results obtained confirm our earlier findings and support our previous conclusions.根据审稿人的意见删除了部分实验We accept the referees’criticism concerning the resolution of UV-damaged DNA in isopycnoic gradients of caesium chloride and have deleted the relevant passages since they are not essential to the contents of the paper.★（不能遵从审稿人意见的写法）审稿人有误解I feel that the referees’comments concerning Figures 1 and 2 result from a misinterpretation of the data.实验材料难以得到We would have included a non-protease inhibitor in our system, as a control, if one had been available.对于要求删除的内容作者认为最好能保留Table 4, re-labeled Table 3, summarizes our results most effectively and we prefer to retain it. If the referee or editor feels otherwise we shall abide by his decision.We prefer to retain the use of “alkali-solu ble” proteins for reasons which should be clear from the new paragraph inserted at the end of the Introduction.审稿人认为不重要，而作者认为重要Although reviewer #2 does not consider it important to measure the temperature of cell, we consider it essential.与审稿人基本观点不同，作者要求保留自己的观点The main crime of which I am accused is that I believe that oncogenes are involved in carcinogenesis. Of course I do, otherwise I would not be working on this particular problem. Perhaps the reviewers, as well as I , should keep an open mind about this.（关于题目和作者）简题的改动The running title has been changed to “…”.增加作者Han SG and Yang MN have been made authors of the revised manuscript and their names deleted from the acknowledgments.（关于实验材料和方法）测定方法作了详细说明 The Materials and Methods section now includes details for measuring uptake of isotope and assaying hexokinase.对术语作了定义At the suggestion of reviewer #2, the efficiency of colony formation is now defined in terms of the fraction of cells surviving.对实验条件的错误作了订正 The concentration of HAT medium (page 12, paragraph 2) was incorrectly stated in the original manuscript. This has now been rectified. The authors are grateful to the referees for pointing out the error.（关于引言和讨论）删除了不适当的推论Paragraph 3, lines 4, 5 and 6: The sentence “These findings seem to …”, has been deleted because it is speculative.对内容作了改动Page 13, paragraph 1, line 3: “…” has changed to “…”, as suggested by the reviewer.对本文是首次报道的说法作了订正In accordance with the suggestion of reviewer #1, the sentence “This paper seems to be t he first report on the cytogenetic effect…” has been changed to “This paper deals with the cytogenetic effect…” (page 5, paragraph 1).增加了讨论内容 As suggested by both referees, a discussion of the possibility of laser action on chromosomes via cytochromic absorption of the laser has been included (page 16, paragraph 2).（关于图和表）将表改成了图 Table 3 of the original manuscript has been omitted and data from it presented in Figure 4. This should make it easier to understand.表的数据作了修改，在正文也作了修改Some of the data in Table 3 have been deleted and new data substituted. The relevant parts of the rest of the manuscript has been altered accordingly.删除了表格，在正文说明表格所示的结果Table 1 has been deleted and several words have been added to the text on page 12, paragraph 2 to explain the results previously included in Table 1.替换了不清晰的照片，增加了尺寸刻度We include a new set of photographs with better definition than those originally submitted and to which a scale has been added.重画了图Following the suggestion of the referees, we have redrawn Figures 1, 2 and 3.（关于文献引用）文献中作者姓名作了修改The first author’s name in Ref. 4 has been corrected.增补了投稿后发表的论文作为文献Two further papers, published since our original submission, have been added to the text and Reference section. There are:Ref. 20: Shimizu, F., …Ref. 22: Tannenbaum, T., …关于英文表达The English, particularly the use of plurals and articles, has been checked carefully and corrected following the suggestions of the referee (comment numbers 3, 4 and 5).Some of the wording on page 9 and 10 has been edited.Table 4. The misleading wording has been altered.其他细节Typographical errors have been corrected.In Figure 3, the period after “sq” in “sq.cm” has been deleted.Abbreviations used in this paper are defined on page 2.Unpublished observations on page 17, line 11 are cited in a footnote to the text.★回信的结束部分感谢审稿人的意见We should like to thank the referees for their helpful comments and hope that we have now produced a more balanced and better account of our work. We trust that the revised manuscript is acceptable for publication in Radiation Research.The referees’ comments were most helpful and gave us a better perspective of our work. I feel that the revised manuscript, be ing sent under separate cover, is a great improvement on the original. I hope that you will think so too and will now accept it for publication in Biochemistry. Thank you for your patience and interest.I greatly appreciate both your help and that of the referees concerning improvements to this paper. I hope that the revised manuscript is now suitable for publication.I should like to express my appreciation to you and to the referees for suggesting how to improve our paper.因为补充实验而延迟了修改稿完成，对此作了说明I apologize for the delay in revising the manuscript. This was due to our doing an additional experiment, as suggested by the referees.因为回国，地址改动，对原稿的通信地址作了修改I returned to China at the end of August. Please send all further correspondence to:Department of …Institute of …, Zhejiang University353, Yan’an Roan, Hangzhou 310031, China.The address on the cover of my manuscript has been amended accordingly.咨询Dear Dr. Brook,I am a Ph.d student of … university.I’ve learnt from….that the Second International Conference on… will be held on the university campus, 21-22, June 2008. I am just writing a paper, which seems to coincide with the topics of the conference. I would appreciate receiving the Call for Paper, circulars, and other details of the conference.Therefore，I would be grateful if you could supply me with the following information. Thank you in advance for your assistance and hope to hear from you soon.•On behalf of the …, I am very pleased to invite you to attend…（邀请信）•Considering your expertise in this field, the … is very pleased to invite you to …•We are wr iting to invite you to attend our conference on …•We sincerely hope that you can accept our invitation.•I am most glad to accept your invitation to the conference on …（接受信）•Thank you once for giving me this opportunity …•Thank you for your …, but unfortunately…（拒绝信）•I regret that I am unable to …•However , I would like to thank you for giving me …Dear Professor Wang, （邀请信）On behalf of the Ohio State University and the IEEE Computer Society, I would be very pleased to invite you to attend and chair a session of the forthcoming 2004 International Conference on Parallel Data Processing to be held in Bellaire, Michigan, from October 25 to October 28, 2004.You are an internationally acclaimed scholar and educator. Your participation will be among the highlights of the Conference.We sincerely hope that you could accept our invitation. As you know, this is the 10th anniversary of the Conference and we plan to make it a truly international meeting. We have accepted many papers from several foreign countries, including two from China.If you can come, please let us know as soon as possible, since we have to prepare the final program soon. We are looking forward to your acceptance.Sincerely yours,Peter WhiteDear Professor White, （谢绝邀请信）Many thanks for your letter dated 15th August, inviting me to attend and chair a session of the forthcoming 2004 International Conference on Parallel Data Processing to be held in Bellaire, Michigan, from October 25 to 28, 2004.Much to my regret, I shall not be able to honor the invitation because I have been suffering from a disease since this summer. I am firmly advised that it would be unwise to undertake any distant and long travel in the near future.I feel very sad to miss the opportunity of meeting you and many others in the field of Computer Science. I wish the conference a complete success.Faithfully yours,。