考研英语2003年阅读text 4高频重点单词详解
考研阅读逐句译2003年第4篇
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2003年第4篇第1句It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional.词汇：pressing //adj. 紧迫的inevitable //adj. 不可避免的optional //adj. 可选择的结构：It is said （形式主语）//that in England death is pressing（第一个并列主语从句）, //in Canada inevitable （第二个并列主语从句，承接第一个从句省略了death is…，补充完整是in Canada death is inevitable）//and in California optional（第三个并列主语从句，承接前面省略了death is…）.译文：据说，在英国，死亡是刻不容缓的事情；在加拿大，不可避免；在加利福尼亚，随意选择。
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2003年第4篇第2句和第3句Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century.词汇：wonder //n. 惊异，惊讶；令人感到惊讶的事情；奇迹expectancy //n. 预期，期待，指望life expectancy // 预期寿命，平均寿命译文：这不足为奇。
在过去的一个世纪里，美国人的平均寿命几乎延长了一倍。
翻译思路：small wonder“small wonder, no wonder, little wonder”这三个短语一样，意思是“something is not surprising”，不足为奇，没有什么奇怪的。
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2003年第4篇第4句Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.词汇：hip //n. 臀部，髋部depression //n. 忧愁，沮丧；经济萧条cataract //n. 瀑布；（医学）白内障结构：Failing hips can be replaced（第一个并列句）, //clinical depression controlled （第二个并列句，承前省略了can be）, //cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure（第三个并列句，承前省略了can be）.译文：髋骨坏了可以更换，忧郁症可以控制，白内障只需30分钟手术便可以切除。
考研英语一真题手译阅读2003-Text4
2- Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions.
Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way,” so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.
I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have.
At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet star1 Text 4
考研英语阅读真题及详细解析2003
2003 Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War Ⅱ and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the "great game" of espionage — spying as a "profession". These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well.The latest revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the W orld Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it "open-source intelligence", and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. "As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.41. The emergence of the Net has ________.[A] received support from fans like Donovan[B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession42. Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to ________.[A] introduce the topic of online spying[B] show how he fought for the US[C] give an episode of the information war[D] honor his unique services to the CIA43. The phrase "making the biggest splash" (line 1, paragraph 3) most probably means ________.[A] causing the biggest trouble[B] exerting the greatest effort[C] achieving the greatest success[D] enjoying the widest popularity44. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that ________.[A] Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B] Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information[C] Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability[D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information45. Straitford is most proud of its ________.[A] official status[B] nonconformist image[C] efficient staff[D] military background重点词汇：spymaster 即spy+master，间谍大王、间谍组织首脑。
【Selected】2003考研英语阅读理解真题翻译思路.doc
20XX考研英语阅读理解真题翻译思路考研英语阅读和翻译是分不开的，要掌握文章主旨，理解文章内涵，必须要有一定的翻译能力，尤其是面对长难句时，模糊带过往往不能解决问题。
在线带领大家逐句翻译阅读真题，希望大家能够先打好基础，攻克长难句便指日可待。
考研阅读逐句翻译20XX年第4篇第6句和第7句“It’sliAesurgery,”hesays.“Wedon’tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn’tintendtoAilltheirpatients,althoughtheyrisAedtheirdeath.”词汇：surgery//n.外科手术;门诊，门诊时间，门诊大楼homicide//n.杀人;杀人者结构：Wedon’tcallthosedeathshomicides(主句)//becausethedoctorsdidn’tintendtoAilltheirpatients(because原因状语从句),//althoughtheyrisAedtheirdeath(although让步状语从句).译文：“这就像外科手术，”他说，“我们不认为那样的死亡案例是谋杀，因为医生并没有故意要杀死病人，尽管他们可能会让病人冒着死亡的危险。
”翻译思路：状语从句的位置一般来说，无论英语位置怎样，翻译成汉语，会优先考虑把“时间、条件、让步、原因”状语从句翻译到主句之前。
但是，这并不是一成不变的法则，因为英汉语两种语言中，状语的位置都很灵活。
我常常这样举例，条件状语从句：如果你觉得有点累了，可以不听课回家休息。
(如果，条件在前)当然也可以说：你可以不听课回家休息，如果你觉得有点累了。
(如果，条件在后)严格意义上讲，这两个中文句子语气上是有差异的。
但是，就英汉翻译而言，条件状语从句，翻译在主句前后，我觉得都可以接受。
所以，在Wedon’tcallthosedeathshomicides(主句)//becausethedoctorsdidn’tintendtoAilltheirpatients(because原因状语从句),//althoughtheyrisAedtheirdeath(although让步状语从句)中，按照英语原顺序翻译，我觉得，完全可以接受。
2003年考研英语阅读彻底解析带作文佳句
2003年考研英语阅读彻底解析带作文佳句全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12003年考研英语阅读彻底解析带作文佳句In 2003, the Graduate Entrance Exam for English Reading in China was a challenging one. Students faced difficult texts and complex questions in order to test their comprehension and critical thinking skills. In this article, we will provide a thorough analysis of the reading section of the 2003 exam, along with some useful tips and examples of writing sentences.The reading section of the 2003 exam consisted of multiple passages on a variety of topics, ranging from literature to science to history. Each passage was followed by a series of questions that required students to identify key information, make inferences, and evaluate arguments. To successfully navigate this section, students needed to have a strong grasp of English vocabulary, grammar, and reading comprehension skills.One common type of question in the 2003 exam asked students to identify the main idea of a passage or a specific paragraph. For example, in a passage about the impact oftechnology on society, students might be asked to explain the author's main argument and provide evidence to support it. To answer this type of question effectively, students needed to carefully read the passage, identify the author's key points, and use these points to formulate a clear and concise response.Another type of question in the 2003 exam required students to make connections between different parts of a passage or between different passages. For example, in a passage about the causes of climate change, students might be asked to compare and contrast the arguments of two different authors and evaluate the strength of their evidence. To answer this type of question, students needed to carefully analyze the text, identify similarities and differences, and draw logical conclusions based on the evidence presented.In addition to these types of questions, the 2003 exam also included questions that tested students' ability to identify the tone, purpose, and audience of a passage. For example, in a passage about the history of the English language, students might be asked to explain why the author chose to focus on a particular time period and how this choice shaped the overall argument of the passage. To answer this type of question, students needed to consider the author's language, style, andrhetorical strategies, as well as the context in which the passage was written.Overall, the 2003 Graduate Entrance Exam for English Reading was a challenging test that required students to demonstrate a high level of reading comprehension and critical thinking skills. To succeed on this exam, students needed to carefully read and analyze the passages, identify key information, and use this information to answer a variety of questions. By studying past exams, practicing reading comprehension strategies, and building vocabulary and grammar skills, students could improve their performance on the exam and achieve their academic goals.In conclusion, the 2003 Graduate Entrance Exam for English Reading was a challenging test that required students to demonstrate a high level of reading comprehension and critical thinking skills. By carefully reading and analyzing passages, identifying key information, and using this information to answer a variety of questions, students could improve their performance on the exam and achieve their academic goals. With dedication and hard work, students could successfully navigate the reading section of the exam and excel in their graduate studies.Some example sentences for writing practice:1. The impact of technology on society is a topic of ongoing debate, with proponents and opponents arguing over its benefits and drawbacks.2. Climate change is a complex issue that requires a global response, as the consequences of inaction are dire.3. The history of the English language is a fascinating subject that reveals the evolution of communication and culture over time.4. To succeed on the Graduate Entrance Exam for English Reading, students must develop strong reading comprehension and critical thinking skills through practice and dedication.Overall, the 2003 Graduate Entrance Exam for English Reading was a challenging test that required students to demonstrate a high level of reading comprehension and critical thinking skills. With careful preparation and practice, students could improve their performance on the exam and achieve their academic goals.篇22003年考研英语阅读彻底解析带作文佳句In 2003, the English reading section of the postgraduate entrance exam was a challenge that many candidates faced. The reading comprehension questions required not only a deep understanding of the text but also critical thinking skills to analyze and interpret the information provided.One key aspect of tackling the reading comprehension section is to carefully read and understand the passage before attempting to answer the questions. This involves identifying the main idea, supporting details, and any key points or arguments presented in the text. It is also important to pay attention to the tone and style of the passage, as this can provide clues to help answer the questions.Furthermore, it is essential to practice reading a variety of texts in English to improve comprehension skills. This can include reading newspapers, magazines, academic articles, and literary works. By exposing oneself to a range of topics and writing styles, candidates can become more adept at extracting information and making connections between different pieces of text.In addition to improving reading comprehension skills, candidates should also focus on developing their writing abilities. The essay section of the postgraduate entrance exam requires candidates to articulate their thoughts and arguments clearlyand coherently. To achieve this, candidates should practice organizing their ideas, structuring their essays effectively, and using appropriate language and vocabulary.One useful strategy for writing essays is to start with a clear thesis statement that outlines the main argument or point of view. This can help guide the rest of the essay and ensure that all points made are relevant and support the main argument. Candidates should also use evidence and examples to back up their claims and establish credibility in their writing.Additionally, candidates should pay attention to grammar, punctuation, and spelling in their writing to ensure that their essays are clear and easy to read. Proofreading is essential to catch any errors and make sure that the essay is polished and professional.To further enhance their writing skills, candidates can also study model essays and analyze their structure, argumentation, and use of language. By taking note of effective writing techniques and incorporating them into their own writing, candidates can improve their essay writing abilities and increase their chances of success in the postgraduate entrance exam.Overall, mastering the reading comprehension and essay writing sections of the postgraduate entrance exam requirespractice, perseverance, and dedication. By developing strong reading comprehension skills and honing their writing abilities, candidates can increase their chances of achieving a high score and ultimately succeed in the exam. With hard work and determination, candidates can overcome the challenges of the exam and achieve their academic goals.篇32003年考研英语阅读彻底解析带作文佳句In the year 2003, the English reading section of the postgraduate entrance examination was thoroughly analyzed with a focus on providing example sentences for writing practice. This section is one of the most challenging parts of the exam, as it requires candidates to comprehend and analyze complex passages within a limited time frame.The reading comprehension section typically consists of multiple passages, each followed by a series of questions that test the candidate's ability to understand and interpret the text. To excel in this section, candidates must have a strong grasp of English vocabulary, grammar, and reading skills.One key strategy for approaching the reading comprehension section is to read the questions first beforediving into the passage. This can help candidates identify key information and focus their attention on relevant details while reading. Additionally, it is essential to take notes while reading to ensure a thorough understanding of the passage.Another important aspect of preparing for the reading comprehension section is to practice writing essays using example sentences provided in the study materials. This can help candidates improve their writing skills and learn how to incorporate complex vocabulary and grammar structures into their essays.Overall, the key to success in the reading comprehension section of the postgraduate entrance examination lies in thorough preparation and practice. By studying example sentences, practicing writing essays, and honing reading skills, candidates can increase their chances of achieving a high score in this challenging section of the exam.In conclusion, the year 2003 saw a focus on providing a comprehensive analysis of the reading comprehension section of the postgraduate entrance examination, along with example sentences for writing practice. By following key strategies and practicing diligently, candidates can improve their performancein this crucial part of the exam. Good luck to all candidates preparing for the exam!。
2003 英语专4阅读真题
2003年英语专业四级真题Part ⅣCLOZE ［15 MIN.］Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the bes t choice for each blank on your answer sheet.During McDonald’s early years French fries were made fro m scratch every day. Russet Burbank potatoes were (26)____, cut into shoestrings, and fried in its kitchens. (27)____ the chain expanded nationwide, in the mid-1960s, it sought to cut labour costs, reduce the number o f suppliers, and (28)____ that its fries tasted the same at every restaurant. McDonald’s began (29)____ to frozen French fries in 1966—and few customers noticed the difference. (30)____, the change had a profound effect on the nation’s agriculture and diet. A familiar food had been transformed into a highly processed industrial (31)____. McDonald’s fries now come fro m huge manufacturing plants (32)____ can process two milli on pounds of potatoes a day. The expansion (33)____ McDonald’s and the popularity of its low-cost, mass-produced fries changed the way Americans eat.The taste o f McDonald’s French fries played a crucial role in the chain’s success—fries are much more pro fitable than hamburgers—and was (34)____ praised by customers, competitors, and even food critics. Their (35)____ taste does not stem fro m the kind of potato es that McDonald’s (36)____, the technology that processes them, or the restaurant equipment that fries them: other chains use Russet Burbank, buy their French fries fro m the (37)____ large processing companies, and have similar (38)____ in their restaurant kitchens. The taste of a French fry is (39)____ determined by the cooking oil. For decades McDonald’s cooked its French fries in a mi xture o f about 7 per cent cottonseed oil and 93 per cent beef fat. The mi xture gave the fries their unique (40)____.26. A.scaled B.stripped C.peeled D.sliced27. A.As B.Due to C.Owing to D.With28. A.ensue B.ensure C.enrich D.enable29. A.switching B.diverting C.modifying D.altering30. A.Still B.Anyway C.Besides D.Nevertheless31. A.brand B.stuff C.co mmodity D.produce32. A.this B.that C./ D.what33. A.into B.fro m C.in D.o f34. A.long B.only C.first D.lonely35. A.distinctive B.distinct C.distinguished D.distinguishable36. A.possesses B.buys C.acquires D.grows37. A.exact B.identical C.same D.alike38. A.woks B.pots C.boilers D.fryers39. A.adequateely B.massively C.plentifully rgely40. A.flavour B.fragrance C.s mell D.perfu mePart ⅤGRAMMAR & VOCABULARY ［15 MIN.］There are twenty-five sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on your answer sheet.41. Agriculture is the co untry’s chief source of wealth, wheat ____ by far the biggest cereal crop.A.isB.beenC.beD.being42. Jack ____from ho me for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety. A.has been missing B.has been missed C.had been missing D.was missed43. Above the trees are the hills, ____ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.A.whereB.o f whoseC.whoseD.which44. Who____ was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?A.you saidB.did you sayC.did you say thatD.you did say45. —Does Alan like hamburgers?—Yes. So much ____ that he eats them al most every day.A.forB.asC.toD.so46. Your ideas, ____, seem unusual to me.A.like herB.like hersC.si milar to herD.similar to herself47. The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential ____for that.A.for us to be preparedB.that we are preparedC.of us to be preparedD.our being prepared48. Time ____, the celebration will be held as scheduled.A.permitB.permittingC.permittedD.permits49. ____ I like economics, I like sociology much better.A.As mush asB.So muchC.How muchD.Much as50. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ____going to agree upon anygh ing today.A.neither you nor I areB.neither you nor me isC.neither you nor I amD.neither me nor you are51. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, ____ is something we had not expec ted.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what52. He is quite worn out fro m years o f hard work. He is not the man ____ he was twenty years ago.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.who m53. She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, ____?A.hadn’t sheB.hasn’t sheC.wouldn’t sheD.didn’t she54. At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a mo ment when some distant mountain is not ____.A.on viewB.at a glanceC.on the sceneD.in sight55. The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the ____.ttertestterst56. It will take us twenty minutes to get to the railway station, ____traffic delays.A.acknowledgingB.affordingC.allowing forD.accounting for57. He will have to____ his indecent behaviour one day.A.answer toB.answer forC.answer backD.answer about58. With ____ exceptions, the former president does not appear in public now.A.rareB.unusualC.extraordinaryD.unique59. We have been hearing ____accounts of your work.A.favouredB.favourableC.favouriteD.favouring60. During the summer holiday season there are no ____ rooms in this seaside hotel.A.emptyB.blankC.desertedD.vacant61. Drive straight ahead, and then you will see a ____ to the Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway.A.signB.markC.signalD.board62. Whenever possible, Ian ____ how well he speaks Japanese.A.shows upB.shows aroundC.shows offD.shows out63. The tenant left nothing behind except some ____ of paper, cloth, etc.A.sheetsB.scrapsC.papesD.slices64. Shares on the stock market have ____ as a result of a worldwide economic downturn.A.turnedB.changedC.floatedD.fluctuated65. I think you can take a(n) ____ language course to improve your English.A.intermediateB.middleC.mediumD.midPart ⅥREADING COMPREHENSION ［30 MIN.］SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION ［25 MIN.］In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers mark ed A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on your answer sheet.TEXT AThe way in which people use social space reflects their social relationships and their ethnic identity. Early immigrants to A merica fro m Europe brought with them a collective style of living, which they retained until late in the 18th century. Historical records document a group-oriented existence, in which one room was used for eating, entertaining guests, and sleeping. People ate soups fro m a so mmunal pot, sh ared drinking cups, and used a common pit toilet. With the development of ideas about individualism, people soon began to shift to the use of individual cups and plates; the eating of meals that included meat, bread, and vegetables served on separate plates; and the use of private toilets. They began to build their houses with separate rooms to entertain guests-living rooms, separate bedrooms for sleeping, separate work areas-kitchen, laundry room, and separate bathrooms.In Mexico, the meaning and organization of domestic space is strikingly different. Houses are organized around a patio , or courtyard. Rooms open onto the patio, where all kinds of domestic activities take place. Individuals to not have separate bedrooms. Children often sleep with parents, and brothers or sisters share a bed, emphasizing familial interdependence. Rooms in Mexican houses are locations for multiple activities that, in contrast, are rigidly separated in the United States.66. Changes in living styles among early immigrants were initially brought about by ____.A.rising living standardsB.new conceptsC.new customsD.new designs of houses67. Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage?A.Their concepts of domestic space.B.Their social relationships.C.The functions of their rooms.D.The layout of their houses.TEXT BThere are superstitions attached to numbers; even those ancient Greeks believed that all numbers and their multiples had some mystical significance.Those numbers between 1 and 13 were in particular to have a powerful influence over the affairs of men.For example, it is commonly said that luck, good or bad, co mes in threes; if an accident happens, two more o f the same kind may be expected soon afterwards. The arrival of a letter will be followed by two others within a certain period.Another belief involving the number three has it that it is unlucky to light three cigarettes fro m the one match. If this hap pens, the bad luck that goes with the deed falls upon the person whose cigarette was the last to be lit. The ill-omen linked to the lighting of three things from one match or candle goes back to at least the 17th century and probably earlier. It was believed that three candles alight at the same t ime would be sure to bring bad luck; one, two, or four, were permissible, but never just three.Seven was another significant number, usually regarded as a bringer o f good luck. The ancient astrologers believed that the u niverse was governedby seven planets; students of Shakespeare will recall that the life o f man was divided into seven ages. Seven horseshoes nailed to a house will protect it fro m all evil.Nine is usually thought of as a lucky number because it is the product of three times three. It was much used by the Anglo Saxons in their charms for healing.Another belief was that great changes occurred every 7th and9th o f a man’s life. Consequently, the age o f 63(the product of nine and seven) was thought to be a very perilous time for hi m. If he survived his 63rd year he might hope to live to a ripe old age.Thirteen, as we well know, is regarded with great awe and fear. The co mmon belief is that this derives fro m the fact that the re were 13 people at Christ’s Last Supper. This being the eve of his betrayal, it is not difficult to understand the significance given to the number by the early Christians.In more modern ti mes 13 is an especially unlucky number of a dinner party, for example. Hotels will avoid numbering a floor t he 13th ; the progression is fro m 12 to 14, and no room is given the number 13. Many ho me owners will use 12 1/2 instead of 13 as their house number.Yet oddly enough, to be born on the 13th of the month is not regarded with any fear at all, which just shows how irratio nal we are in our superstitious beliefs.68. According to the passage, which of the following groups of numbers will certainly bring good luck to people?A.3 and 7.B.3 and 9.C.7 and 9.D.3 and 13.69. The ill luck associated with 13 is supposed to have its origin in ____.A.legendB.religionC.popular beliefD.certain customs70. What is the author’s attitude towards people’s superstitious beliefs?A.He is mildly critical.B.He is strongly critical.C.He is in favour of them.D.His attitude is not clear.TEXT CWomen’s minds work differently fro m men’s. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject e ither as a matter or frustration or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and fe male brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes-the link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunkline of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum . Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and i t must have some significance. The question is “What?”, and, if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some o f these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence o f society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to wo rk together. For most people, the left half is used for wordhanding, analytical and logical activities; the right half works on p ictures, patterns and forms. We needboth halves working together. And the better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. And, according to re search findings, women have the better connections.But it isn’t all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and wo men on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at “language subjects” and boys better at maths and physics. If 〖WTH Z〗these differences〖W TBZ〗correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunkline,there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.We shan’t know for a while, partly because we don’t know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subject and the functioning of the two halves of the brain, and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum . But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.71. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A.Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.B.Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.C.Results of scientific research fail to support pupular belief.D.The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.72. According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by ____ factors.A.biologicalB.psychologicalC.physicalD.social73. “these differences”in paragraph 5 refer to those in ____.A.skills of men and womenB.school subjectsC.the brain structure of men and wo menD.activities carried out by the brain74. At the end of the passage the author proposes more work on ____.A.the brain structure as a wholeB.the functioning of part of the brainC.the distinction between the sexesD.the effects o f the corpus callosum75. What is the main purpose of the passage?A.T o outline the research findings on the brain structure.B.T o explain the link between sex and brain structure.C.T o discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.D.T o suggest new areas in brain research.TEXT DInformation is the primary commodity in more and more industries today.By 2005, 83% of A merican management personnel will be knowledge workers. Europe and Japan are not far behind.By 2005, half o f all knowledge workers (22% of the labour force) will choose“flextime, flexplace”arrangements, which allow th em to work at home, communicating with the office via co mputer networks.In the United States, the so-called “digital divide”seems to be disappearing. In early 2000, a poll found, that, where half o f white households owned computers, so did fully 43% of A frican-A merican households, and their numbers were growing rapidly. Hispanic households continued to lag behind, but their rate of co mputer ownership was expanding as well.Company-owned and industry-wide television networks are bringing programming to thousands of locations. Business TV is beco ming bigbusiness.Computer co mpetence will approach 100% in US urban areas by the year 2005, with Europe and Japan not far behind.80% of US ho mes will have co mputers in 2005, compared with roughly 50% now.In the United States, 5 of the 10 fastest-growing careers between now and 2005 will be computer related. Demand for programmers and systems analysts will grow by 70%. The same trend is accele rating in Europe, Japan, and India.By 2005, nearly all college texts and many high school and junior high books will be tied to Internet sites that provide source material, study exercises, and relevant news articles to aid in learning. Others will come with CD-ROMs that offer similar resources.Internet links will provide access to the card catalogues of all the major libraries in the world by 2005. It will be possible to call up on a PC screen millions of volumes fro m distant libraries. Web sites enhance books by providing pictures, sound, film clips, and flexible in dexing and search utilities.Implications: Anyone with access to the Internet will be able to achieve the education needed to build a productive life in a n increasingly high-tech world. Computer learning may even reduce the growing American prison population.Knowledge workers are generally better paid than less-skilled workers. Their wealth is raising overall prosperity.Even entry-level workers and those in formerly unskilled positions require a growing level of education. For a good career in al most any field, com puter co mpetence is a must. This is one major trend raising the level of education required for a productive role in today’s work force. For many workers, the opportunity for training is becoming one of the most desirable benefits any job can offer.76. Information technology is expected to have impact on all the following EXCEPT ____.A.American management personnelB.European management personnelC.A merican people’s choice of careerD.traditional practice at work77. “digital divide”in the 4th par agraph refers to ____.A.the gap in terms of co mputer ownershipB.the tendency of co mputer ownershipC.the dividing line based on digitsD.the ethnic distinction among A merican households78. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the passage?A. By 2005 all college and school study materials will turn electronic.B.By 2005 printed college and school study materials will be supplemented with electronic material.C.By 2005 some college and school study materials will be accompanied by CD-ROMs.D.By 2005 Internet links make worldwide library search a possibility.79. Which of the following areas is NOT discussed in the passage?A.Future careers.B.Nature of future work.C.Ethnic differences.D.Schools and libraries.80. At the end of the passage, the author seems to emphasize ____ in an increasingly high-tech world.A.the variety of educationB.the content of educationC.the need for educationD.the function of educationSECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING ［5 MIN.］In this section there are seven passages with a total of ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answerson your answer sheet.TEXT EFirst read the following question.81. The passage mainly discusses the effects of ____.A.healthB.aspirinC.hearing lossD.heart attackNow, go through TEXT E quickly and answer question 81.Aspirin may be the most familiar drug in the world-but its power to heal goes far beyond the usual aches and pains. Exciting new studies suggest that aspirin can help fight a wide range of serious illnesser. “It now seems to be a benefit in so many areas o f health,”says Dr Debra Judelson, medical director o f the Wo men’s Heart Institute in Beverly Hills, California. “I advise most o f my patients, as long as they aren’t allergic to aspirin and don’t have bleeding problems, to take low-dose aspirin.”Some of the major illnesses and conditions that aspirin or aspirin-like drugs might help prevent are: Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes-related heart disease, heart attack, cancer and antibiotic-induced hearing loss.TEXT FFirst read the following question.82. How many proposals does the passage put forward?A.One.B.T wo.C.Three.D.Four.Now, go through TEXT F quickly and answer question 82.What kind of environment do you want in the future? What can you do to help make it happen? What can other people do?Education is one way to help the environment. You can learn about the environment in school.Radio and television can give you information. Newspapers, magazines, and books also help you learn.There are laws against littering and against making the air and water dirty. Other laws help people to save resources. The la w lowering the speed limit for cars helps to save fuel.Another way to help the environment is to plan for the future. We may have to find new resources. In the future, people may h eat their homes with atomic power. Without planning, some kinds of environment may not happen. People can act now to help make te future.TEXT GFirst read the following question.83. The main theme o f the passage is ____ in the G-7 nations.A.agingB.wealthC.death ratesD.work forceNow, go through TEXT G quickly and answer question 83.Citizens of the world’s w ealthiest countries may live longer than previously predicted, according to a study sponsored by the National Institute on Aging. By 2050, people in the G-7 nations (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States) may be l ivinganywhere fro m 1.3 years to 8 years longer than official estimates now predict. Researchers at Mountain V iew Research in Los A ltos, California, examined 50 years of mortality data and found a long-term decline in death rates. That may mean that fewer workers will have to support many more elderly in the future than governments currently expect.TEXT HFirst read the following question.84. Which is the best title of the passage?A.How to protect your eyesight.B.How to choose your computer.C.A few tips for co mputer users.D.Eye trouble and headache.Now, go through TEXT H quickly and answer question 84.Question: My eyes and head ache when I work at my co mputer for a long time. What can I do?V isionIt could just be your eyes. Make sure that you’ve had them checked and that you’re wearing any necessary corrective lenses.Screen Glare The light you read by may be too bright for your co mputer screen. Try to dim the light, and if you need to, get a desk lamp for other work. Also, if possibl e, move your co mputer so you aren’t directly underneath a light fixture.Screen and Head PositionYou shouldn’t bend your neck when you read from the screen. That can cause headaches. Your eyeline should be 5 cm to 8 cm bel ow the top of the monitor. The s creen should be about an arm’s length away.TEXT IFirst read the following questions.85. Clear weather is predicted in ____ Chinese cities.A.2B.3C.4D.586. Which foreign city’s maxi mu m temperature is the highest?A.Cairo.B.Bangkok.C.New Yourk.D.London.Now, go through TEXT I quickly and answer questions 85 and 86.WEATHER REPORTForecasts for some major Chinese citiesForeign citiesCityMaxMinWeatherCityMaxMin Beijing2417clearBangkok3328Changchun2206cleardrizzle to cloudyChengdu2520overcastChongqing3424cloudyCairo3021[5]clearDalian2317cloudyFuzhou3123light rainFrankfurt1410[5]cloudy to light rainGuangzhou3524clearHong Kong3226clear to cloudyLondon1411Kunming2617clear to cloudydrizzle to cloudyLhasa2111cloudyNanjing2720overcastMoscow2113Shanghai2822cloudyclear to cloudyT aipei2923light rainTianjin2717cloudy to clearNew York2315Wuhan3022clearclear to cloudyUrumqi2210clear to cloudyTEXT JFirst read the following questions.87. If you need travel shop information, you should go to ____.A.Guide Friday T ourism Centre.B.T ourist Information Centre.C.Library.D.Post Office.88. Where can you find the Police Station?A.In Henly Street.B.In Arden Street.C.In Bridge Street.D.In Rother Street.Now, go through TEXT J quickly and answer questions 87 and 88. General InformationT ourist Information CentreBridgefoot. T el. (01789) 293127Summer: 9:30 am-6:00 pm Weekdays11:00 am-5:00 pm SundaysWinter: 9:30 am-5:00 pm Weekdays● V isitor Information, includ ing information for the disabled● Accommodation Bookings● Bureau De Change● Parkings and T oilets Leaflet● Guide Friday T our Tickets● Travel Shop InformationGuide Friday T ourism CentreThe Civic Hall, 14 Rother StreetT e. (01789) 299866Open Daily fro m 9:00 amAccommodationYouth Hostel-Alveston(2 miles fro m T own Centre). T el.(01789)297093 T axi ServicesBridgefoot, Bridge Street, Union Street, and Rother Market near White Swan HotelPolice StationRother StreetT el.(01789)414111HospitalArden StreetT el.(01789)205831LibraryHenly StreeT el.(01789)292209Post OfficeHenly StreetT el.(01789)414939TEXT KFirst read the following questions.89. How long is the Business English programme?A.3 months.B.6 months.C.4 weeks.D.10 weeks.90. Which certificate programme is NOT mentioned?A.T eaching English for Specific Purposes.B.Co mmunications / Networking Engineering.C.Global Operations Management.D.Advanced Software T echnologies.Now, go through TEXT K quickly and answer questions 89 and 90. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINEEnglish & Certificate Programs for InternationalsLive, Learn, and Enjoy on the Southern California CoastPost-graduate certificates in 12 months[JZ)]● Electronic Business● G lobal Operations Management● Marketing● Communications / Networking Engineering● T eaching English as a Foreign Language●Advanced Software T echnologies-6 months (focus on java -3 months)● Digital Arts[JZ]English Language Programs●4-week Business English or Conversation & Culture-Jan, Feb, July, Aug● 10-week Intensive ESL-Jan, Apr, June, Sept答案：PART IV CLOZE短文大意：这篇短文介绍麦当劳薯条的发展及其成功之处。
2003年考研英语单词和词组
完形Be aware of: 意识到，awareness arouse one’s awareness ofgive thought to 考虑，思考accommodate:vt.1. 容纳; 提供空间2. 向…提供住处; 提供住宿（或膳宿、座位等）3. 使适应，使适合；使符合一致；调节；改变…以适应 (to)4. 考虑到；顾及5. 帮忙；给…提供方便 6. 调解，调停(争端)，调和(分歧等)；在…之间消除纷争7. 通融，给(某人)提供方便，给(某人)以帮助，帮(某人)一个忙，施恩惠于 (with)8. 向…提供免保贷款；借钱给 (with).I can accommodate you.我能迁就你I can accommodate your wishes.我能按你的愿望去做。
The hotel can accommodate 500 tourists.这家旅馆可住五百名观光客。
adjust to 1. 调整, 调节调整；调节；使适合；使便于使用, willing to adjust to differences in order to obtain agreement.愿意适应差异以取得一致adjust to a new environment适应新的环境A whole host of :A whole host of difficulties has/ have arisen.出现了一大堆的困难。
I have a whole host of things to do today.我今天有一大堆事情要做。
Accomplish: vt.1. 完成, 实现, 做成功2. 达到(目的)；完成(任务、使命、计划、事业等)；实现(诺言、计划等)3. 做到，做成，做成功4. 走完(路程、距离等)，行过5. 度完(时间等)6. 使完美，使圆满，使完善；使完全；使变得优雅；改善accomplish nothing remarkable搞不出名堂来accomplish in one move一蹴而就provide sb for sth: 提供.sponsor: vt.1. 赞助, 发起, 主办2. 为慈善活动捐资；为义赛捐款3. 资助（某人的培训或教育）4. 倡议，提交（法案等）n.1. （广播电视节目、音乐会或运动会的）赞助者，赞助商2. 为慈善活动捐资的人；义赛（或义演等）捐款者3. （培训或教育的）资助者 4. （法案等的）倡议者，发起人，倡导者 5. 保人；保证人a program without a commercial sponsor.没有商业资助的节目。
考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解—2003年阅读Text 1(下)
考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解—2003年阅读Text 1（下）这是一篇科技类文章，主要讲的是互联网的发展推动了间谍活动的变革。
文章中的单词难度适中，基本没有超纲词汇。
同样，文章中出现了许多高频重点单词，以下是本文中出现的10个，就让我们一起来学习吧！1. 30 available [ə'veɪləb(ə)l]adj. 有效的，可得的;可利用的;空闲的【词根记忆】：a(强调)+vail(价值)+able(形容词词尾)→有价值的东西也是有效的、可利用的东西→有效的，可利用的【真题例句】：Many of its predictions are available online at . 它的许多预测在网上都可以查阅，网址。
(2003年阅读Text 1)2. 4 mutually [ˈmjuːtʃuəli]adv. 互相地;互助【词根记忆】：mut(看做mute，哑的)+ual(形容词后缀)+ly(副词后缀)→哑巴之间说话只能靠“相互地”交换手势→互相地，互助【真题例句】：Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster’s dream. 该公司的总裁乔治·弗莱德曼说，他把网络世界视为情报收集和情报发布两方面相互增强的工具，是间谍们的梦想。
(2003年阅读Text 1)3. 4reinforce [riːɪn'fɔːs]v. 加强，加固;强化;补充n. 加强;加固物;加固材料【词根记忆】：re(重新，再一次)+in(向里)→force(力量)→再一次往里增加力量→加强，强化【真题例句】：The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. 其整体的结果是使业余人员进入专业性地质学杂志更加困难，而审稿制度的全面引进使这个结果得到加强，这一制度开始是在19世纪的全国性杂志进行，进入20世纪后也在一些地方性地质杂志实行。
2003年英语一text4
2003年英语一text42003年英语一Text4是中国高考英语试卷中的一篇阅读理解文章，下面是对该文的全面解读。
Text4是一篇关于环境保护的文章，主要探讨了人类活动对地球环境造成的破坏，并提出了解决方案。
文章的主要内容如下：首先，文章指出了人类活动对地球环境的不可忽视的影响。
人类的工业化、城市化以及大规模农业等活动导致了大量的污染物排放，如二氧化碳、氮氧化物和臭氧等。
这些污染物对大气层和生态系统造成了严重的破坏，加剧了全球变暖和气候变化的问题。
其次，文章提到了一些环境保护的措施。
例如，减少二氧化碳排放是重要的环保举措之一。
文章提到了一些具体的方法，如采用清洁能源、改善能源效率、提倡低碳生活方式等。
此外，文章还提到了保护生物多样性的重要性，呼吁人们保护野生动植物的栖息地，减少对自然资源的过度开发。
此外，文章还探讨了环境保护与经济发展之间的关系。
文章指出，环境保护与经济发展并不矛盾，相反，环境保护可以促进可持续发展。
文章提到了一些国家和地区采取的环境保护政策，如德国的“绿色经济”和丹麦的可再生能源政策。
这些政策不仅有助于环境保护，还为经济发展提供了新的机遇和动力。
最后，文章呼吁全球合作来解决环境问题。
文章认为，环境问题是全球性的，需要各国共同努力来解决。
国际合作和信息共享是解决环境问题的关键。
文章提到了一些国际组织和协议，如联合国环境规划署和京都议定书，它们在推动环境保护方面发挥了重要作用。
综上所述，2003年英语一Text4是一篇关于环境保护的文章，通过分析人类活动对地球环境的影响，提出了环境保护的措施，并探讨了环境保护与经济发展的关系，呼吁全球合作来解决环境问题。
这篇文章在高考英语试卷中的出现，体现了对环境问题的重视，也要求考生对环境保护有一定的了解和思考。
2003年考研英语—真题及答案
2003 text1
Wild Bill Donovan would haveovl ed the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of SctSraetervgici esni
the World War Ⅱ and al ter al id the roots for the CIAwas fascni ated wtih information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came tohand in the "great game"of espionage— spying as a "profession. "These days the Net, whcih has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sendinsgremsahial,piing Donovan's vocation as.well
influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could comepthile most data about Burundi. The winner, byaargle margin, was a tiny Vrgi inia company caelld Open Source Solutions, whoseacrl advantage was its mastery of theecterol nci
truthfulness of
its
2003年阅读理解注释
2003年八级考试阅读理解题答案和注释：Text A16. D 17. A 18. CText B19. B 20. D 21. A 22. BText C23. B 24. D 25. A 26. CText D27. D 28. A 29. C 30. B注释：Text A这是一篇介绍吉普赛人Gypsies的说明文。
吉普赛人是世界上一个特殊的部落。
本文介绍了吉普赛人的起源（第一段）、屡遭迫害的历史（第二段）、现状及民族特征（第三段）。
be shrouded in mystery笼罩在神秘中shroud遮蔽/隐藏enmity敌意/憎恨Romany吉普塞语/人；吉普赛的refer to ….as 称为heresy异端邪说fortune-telling算命nomadism游牧/流浪a nomad一个游牧民nomadic游牧的/a nomadic people游牧民族ply从事/经营（old English）be reduced to slavery沦为奴隶ethnic hysteria指纳粹疯狂进行的种族迫害; ethnic种族的；hysteria疯狂/歇斯底里perish死亡/毁灭/消失the Holocaust大屠杀(专指十九世纪三十到四十年代，希特勒和纳粹党对犹太人的大屠杀) sterilize使、、、绝育；消毒、杀菌（sterilized已灭菌的；已绝育的）adoption收养（adopt收养；采用；采纳）adopted son养子adoptive parents养父母confound挫败；混淆burgeon 快速发展；萌芽minority少数民族pin down确切知道/确定（人或事物的身份、信息等）undercount少数/把数字算少regime政权（指独裁政府；贬义）downplay轻视；贬低；轻描淡写（=play down）bureaucracies官僚作风profile形象inequality不平等activist groups指吉普塞人社会活动人士组成的团体; 激进团体emigrate to（由本土向外域）移民；immigrate to（由外域向本国）移民overcount在数字上做过多的统计Text B这是一篇关于纽约哈莱姆今昔对比的记叙文。
2003考研英语阅读真题 Text 4(英语二)
2003 Text 4（英语⼆）最好的医疗服务也不过如此It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in optional.Small wonder. Americans' has nearly doubled over the past century.Failing hips can be replaced, controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute .Such advances offer the a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago.But not even a great health-care system can cure death and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions.We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved.Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless.The most obvious example is late-stage .California 据说，在英国死亡很紧迫，在加拿⼤死亡不可避免，在加利福尼亚死亡可以选择。
2003年考研英语真题详解——阅读理解
2003年考研英语真题详解——阅读理解考研英语阅读和翻译是分不开的，要掌握文章主旨，理解文章内涵，必须要有一定的翻译能力，尤其是面对长难句时，模糊带过往往不能解决问题。
凯程在线带领大家逐句翻译阅读真题，希望大家能够先打好基础，攻克长难句便指日可待。
2003年第2篇第3句Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.词汇：respond//v. 回答;回应，反应advocate//n. 支持者，拥护者结构：Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates(主句), //whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care(whose定语从句，其中and并列的是位于动词confusing和threatening).译文：科学家需要对动物权利倡导者做出有力的回应，因为他们的言论混淆了公众的视听，从而威胁到健康知识和医疗保健等方面的发展。
今天的作业：考研阅读逐句翻译2003年第2篇第4句Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical researchbecause it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process ofhealth care research.考场上做题时间如何合理分配?在考试的考场里面，我们的考试是在下午两点到下午五点之间，三个小时的时间进行的。
2003年考研英语真题详解——阅读理解
2003年考研英语真题详解——阅读理解考研英语阅读和翻译是分不开的，要掌握文章主旨，理解文章内涵，必须要有一定的翻译能力，尤其是面对长难句时，模糊带过往往不能解决问题。
凯程在线带领大家逐句翻译阅读真题，希望大家能够先打好基础，攻克长难句便指日可待。
2003年第2篇第3句Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.词汇：respond//v. 回答;回应，反应advocate//n. 支持者，拥护者结构：Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates(主句), //whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care(whose定语从句，其中and并列的是位于动词confusing和threatening).译文：科学家需要对动物权利倡导者做出有力的回应，因为他们的言论混淆了公众的视听，从而威胁到健康知识和医疗保健等方面的发展。
今天的作业：考研阅读逐句翻译2003年第2篇第4句Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical researchbecause it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process ofhealth care research.考场上做题时间如何合理分配?在考试的考场里面，我们的考试是在下午两点到下午五点之间，三个小时的时间进行的。
2003年考研英语真题阅读理解答案解析
Unit 10 （2003）Part 4重点词汇：1.inevitable（不可避免的；必然的）←in+evitable，in-否定前缀，evitable=avoidable可避免的。
Change is inevitable. In a progressive country change is constant.变革不可避免，在进步的国家里变革是永恒的。
In war there is no substitute for victory.在战争中没有什么可以取代胜利。
Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable.那些使和平改革成为不可能的人，必会使暴力革命成为可能。
the inevitable of history 历史必由之路。
2.life expectancy 预期寿命。
3.depression（消沉；萧条）←de向下+press压+ion名词后缀，动词为depress（压抑；使沮丧）。
Noble deeds and hot baths are the best cures for depression.高尚的行为和热水澡是治疗抑郁的最佳方法。
4.cataract（大瀑布；白内障）5.surgical（外科的；外科医生的；手术的；手术；外科病房）←surg+ical；surgery（外科；外科学；手术；手术室）←surg+ery；surgeon（外科医生；军医）←surg+eon。
6.genetically （由遗传决定地）←gene基因+tical形容词后缀+ly副词后缀。
7.disintegrate（使分裂；使解体）←dis使分离+integrate，integrate（使成为一体）←integr 完整+ate动词后缀；integer（整数；完整的东西）；integrity（完整；诚实；正直）。
2003 9月cet4阅读理解答案详解
2003.9Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.A recent study, published in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Assoc iation, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver, Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as l ikely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone, By contrast, the ri sk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passen ger.The authors also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased d ramatically after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight, with passengers in th e car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior” than with just a lack of driving experience. “The basic issue.” Be says, “is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.”Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate (使…缓解) the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing sys tems, in which getting a license is a multistage process. A graduated license r equires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night of passenger restrictio ns, before graduating to full driving privileges.Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies. About half of the states now have some sort of graduated lic ensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passen gers, California is the strictest, with a novice (新手) driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20 (without the presence of an adult over 25) for the first six months.21. Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the pa ssage?A) Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 p.m.B) A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car.C) Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night.D) A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight.（B）22. According to Robert Foss. The high death rate of teenage drivers is mai nly due to ________.A) their frequent driving at nightB) their improper way of drivingC) their lack of driving experienceD) their driving with passengers（C）23. According to Paragraph 3. which of the following statements is TRUE?A) Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive.B) Driving is a skill too complicated for teenagers to learn.C) Restrictions should be imposed on teenagers applying to take driving les sons.D) The licensing authorities are partly responsible for teenagers’ driving accidents.（D）24. A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers’ driving accidents is that ________.A) driving in the presence of an adult should be made a ruleB) they should be prohibited from taking on passengersC) they should not be allowed to drive after 10 p.m.D) the licensing system should be improved（D）25. The present situation in about half of the states is that the graduated licensing system ________.A) is under discussionB) is about to be set upC) has been put into effectD) has been perfected（C）这篇文章讲的是青少年驾车车祸死亡率过高的问题。
考研英语一真题词汇2003
2003年spymaster 间谍大师lay the roots for 为……打下基础espionage 间谍活动pastime 消遣活动reshape 重塑vocation （指自己非常热爱的）工作；职业remold 改变，更新（想法、系统等）restore 恢复、复原；重建，修复revive 复兴come to hand 到手、在手give birth to 衍生point-and-click 整个词汇代指“电脑”或“网络”；它是用连字符链接的复合名词，其中point和click指使用电脑时的两个常用动作：“指到”和“点击”spook 行踪秘密的人，间谍；鬼，幽灵influential 有影响力的compile 汇编，汇集，收集by a wide/large/narrow,etc. margin 以较大的优势或悬殊/以微弱为多数by a large margin 以较大的优势splash 泼溅；泼溅声；溅上的斑点等；溅湿intelligence-analysis firm 情报分析公司energy-services firm 能源服务公司mutually 相互地，双方地reinforce 加强，加固，增援vacuum 真空，空白from the far corners of world 从全球各个角落see...as... 将……看做……information collection and distribution 情报收集和发布tell...from... 将……和……区别开earn one`s keep 谋生lean 节俭的，精简的brief 任务简介，指示；事先给某人详细介绍或指示（某事物）black-and-forthing 来回，往返，文中喻指“言辞闪烁”dramatic 戏剧性的、惹人注意的on the chance of/that 也许可能，希望能够take pride in 以……为傲；感到自豪exert the greatest effort 做出最大的努力unpredictability 不可预测性nonconformist 不随大流的，不遵循传统规范的人a lean staff 精简的工作队伍paraphrase 意译，释义；改述，解释triumph 胜利，成功misguided 被误导的；（因判断力差）举措失当的cause 事业，理想，目标biomedical 生物医学的rule out 阻止，防止……发生allegation 说法，指控doom 厄运staff 为……工作，为……配备职员；全体人员，全体职员booth 售货摊，摊位；（有某种用途的）小房间fair 商品交易会，展览会；义卖会brochure 宣传册immunization 免疫接种vaccine 疫苗，菌苗well-meaning 好心的vicious 邪恶的animal rights booth 动物权利展位street fair 街头集市call on拜访misguided 被误导的；（因判断力差）举措失当的doom 厄运triumph胜利，成功ignorance 无知，愚昧indifference 不重视，不在乎，漠不关心anxiety 焦虑，忧虑communicate one`s message to 将某人的意见告知……compassionate 表示怜悯的，有同情心的term 表达方式，措辞，说法molecular 分子hip 髋骨bypass 旁路，旁道vaccination 接种疫苗，种痘at best 说得好听点at worst 说得难听点strive 努力，奋斗hip replacement 髋关节置换术bypass operation 心脏搭桥cruel 残酷的，残忍的inhuman 非人的，不近人情的inevitable 不可避免的vicious 邪恶的，恶毒的pointless 无意义的misinformation 错误信息unchallenged 未受挑战的，未受质疑的deceptive 欺骗人的stakeholder 有发言权的人，参与人，有权益关系者recruit 吸收（某人）为新成员，招募，征兵uninformed 无知的，不了解情况的citizenry 全体公民或市民extinguish 熄灭employ hi-tech means 采用高科技手段feel no shamestrive to 力图；力求merge 合并，并入account for 占（总数某个百分比）merger 合并，归并freight 货运carrier 运输公司，搬运人，运送人，运输工具cause heightened concerns about 引起对……的高度关注allow for 有利于substantial 大量的，可观的coordinate （使）协调monopoly 垄断，专营；垄断品，被独占的东西bulk 大批的，大量的costly 昂贵的have...by the throat 牵制，控制call for 要求，需求humanist 人道主义者，人文主义者practitioner 从业者enthusiast 热情者，热心者consolidation 合并，联合captive 人身自由受限的，受控制的，受垄断的overcharged 被过高索价的appeal 上诉，申诉relief （税收、费率等）减免appeal to 向……申诉charged 收费rivalnationwide 全国fair play 公平竞争justify 提供合理的理由；辩解；证明……的正当on the grounds that 鉴于……的理由in the long run 从长远看shoulder 负担subscribe to sth 同意，赞成flourish 繁荣arbiter 仲裁人，裁决人，权威人士justify...on the grounds that 以……作为理由为……辩护have the option of 有……选择switch to 转向shoulder the cast 承担成本subscribe to a theory/concept 认同某理论/理念leave... in the position of 将……置于……之地acquire 购得，得到grip 抓牢，控制indignant 愤慨的，义愤的apprehensive 忧虑的shrinking 萎缩的acquisition 收购pay for the bill 支付账单cheer sb on 为……加油carrying costs 置存成本，企业资本的损耗费用increase one`s grip on 加强……对……的控制indignant 愤怒的，愤慨的apprehensive 忧虑的pressing 难以推却的，不容忽视的it`s no/small/little wonder 并不奇怪，不足为奇life expectancy 寿命failing 出故障的，失灵的clinical 临床的depression 抑郁，抑郁症cataract 白内障take a vain pride in 盲目自信It`s said that 据说the aging population 老龄人口heath-care system 医疗系统confront the reality 正视现实third-party 第三方programme 按某种方式活动disintegrate 衰落，瓦解，解体perish 死亡，灭亡aggressive 极端大胆的fatal 致命的be programmed to 设定为late-stage cancer care 晚期癌症治疗aggressive treatment 极端大胆的治疗conclude 断言realize 实现unsustainable 不可持续的reverse 颠倒，逆转finite 有限的sustain 持续（生命、生存）；使保持，使稳定持续infirm （长期）病弱的；（年老）体弱的the old and infirm 年老体弱者get out of the way 让位，让路realize one`s potential 实现潜能go that far 做的那么极端energetic 精力充沛的routinely 例常，例行公事的dazzlingly 惊人的，眩目的living proof 活生生的例子consent 同意，准许contempt 轻视，轻蔑in one`s 70s 在某人70多岁的时候start-up 新建公司overfund 对……提供资金过多quest 寻求humble 简单而实用的，平常的flexibly 灵活地extravagantly 奢侈地，挥霍无度地the quest for 对……的渴求。
考研阅读逐句译2003年第4篇
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2003年第4篇第1句It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional.词汇：pressing //adj. 紧迫的inevitable //adj. 不可避免的optional //adj. 可选择的结构：It is said （形式主语）//that in England death is pressing（第一个并列主语从句）, //in Canada inevitable （第二个并列主语从句，承接第一个从句省略了death is…，补充完整是in Canada death is inevitable）//and in California optional（第三个并列主语从句，承接前面省略了death is…）.译文：据说，在英国，死亡是刻不容缓的事情；在加拿大，不可避免；在加利福尼亚，随意选择。
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2003年第4篇第2句和第3句Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century.词汇：wonder //n. 惊异，惊讶；令人感到惊讶的事情；奇迹expectancy //n. 预期，期待，指望life expectancy // 预期寿命，平均寿命译文：这不足为奇。
在过去的一个世纪里，美国人的平均寿命几乎延长了一倍。
翻译思路：small wonder“small wonder, no wonder, little wonder”这三个短语一样，意思是“something is not surprising”，不足为奇，没有什么奇怪的。
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2003年第4篇第4句Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.词汇：hip //n. 臀部，髋部depression //n. 忧愁，沮丧；经济萧条cataract //n. 瀑布；（医学）白内障结构：Failing hips can be replaced（第一个并列句）, //clinical depression controlled （第二个并列句，承前省略了can be）, //cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure（第三个并列句，承前省略了can be）.译文：髋骨坏了可以更换，忧郁症可以控制，白内障只需30分钟手术便可以切除。
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考研英语2003年阅读text 4高频重点单词详解1. 1 optional ['ɔpʃәnәl]adj.可选择的, 随意的【词根记忆】：option(选择)+ al(形容词)→可选择的→随意的【短语精选】：optional course 选修科目【真题例句】：It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. 据说，死亡在英国是迫在眉睫的，死亡在加拿大是不可避免的，死亡在加利福尼亚是可以选择的。
(2003 text 4)2. 3 expectancy [ik'spektәnsi]n.期待, 期望【词根记忆】：ex(向外)+ spect(看)+ ancy(名词)→向外看→期待【短语精选】：life expectancy 预期寿命，平均寿命【真题例句】：Americans’life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. 过去的一个世纪，美国的人均寿命增长了一倍。
(2003 text 4)3. 10 confront [kәn'frʌnt]vt.使面临, 对抗【词根记忆】：con(共同)+ front(面部，正面)→面面相对→面临，对抗【短语精选】：be confronted with [by] (a difficulty) 碰到(困难)【真题例句】：But not even a great health-care system can cure death --and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours. 但是，就算是一个了不起的医疗体系也治愈不了死亡——而且我们不能直面“治愈不了死亡”这个事实，也威胁着我们的伟大。
(2003 text 4)4. 23 genetic [dʒɪ'netɪk]adj. 遗传的; 起源的【词根记忆】：gene(基因，出生,产生)+tic(表形容词属于…的)→源自基因的→遗传的【短语精选】：genetic information, material, etc 遗传信息﹑物质等【经典例句】：The degeneration of regenerative gene is exaggerated.更新基因的退步夸大了.5. 1 disintegrate [dis'intigreit]vt.(使)分解, (使)碎裂【词根记忆】：dis(分开)+ integr(完整)+ ate(动词)→使完整的东西分开→分解【短语精选】：the gradual disintegration of traditional values 传统价值观念的逐渐淡薄【经典例句】：The plane flew into a mountain and disintegrated on impact. 飞机冲向一座山, 撞得粉碎。
6. 1 perish ['periʃ]vi.毁灭, 死亡, 腐烂, 枯萎;vt.毁坏, 使麻木【短语精选】：period of perishing cold 极冷的一段时间【真题例句】：Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. 死亡是正常的;我们从基因上就被设计为就算在理想的环境下也会最终分解和灭亡。
(2003 text 4)7. 3 frustrate [frʌ'streɪt]v. 挫败, 破坏, 击败【词根记忆】：frustr(犯错误)+ ate(动词)→使犯错，使失败→挫败，破坏【短语精选】：be frustrated in 在…方面归于失败;终成画饼【真题例句】：Physicians -- frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient -- too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified. 医生们因自己对治愈疾病无能为力和害怕病人失去希望而倍感挫败，于是总是给予病人过度的治疗，这种过度治疗超出了科学合理的范围。
(2003 text 4)8. 8 aggressive [əˈgresɪv ]adj. 侵犯的, 侵略的; 有进取精神的; 好斗的, 挑衅的; 有干劲的【词根记忆】：ag(加强)+ gress(行走)+ ive(形容词)→强制地走→侵略，挑衅【短语精选】：dogs trained to be aggressive 训练成攻击型的狗【经典例句】：Aggressive nations threaten world peace. 侵略成性的国家威胁世界和平.9. 1 unsustainableadj. 无法支撑的; 无法维持的【词根记忆】：un(否定)+sustain(维持)+ able(可…的)→不可维持的【短语精选】：sustainable development 可持续发展【真题例句】：Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. 人人都明白这个潮流难以维系。
(2003 text 4)10. 3 reverse [ri'vә:s]n.相反, 背面, 反面, 倒退;adj.相反的, 倒转的, 颠倒的;vt.颠倒, 倒转【词根记忆】：re(向后)+verse(转移;改变;转向)→向后转→逆转【短语精选】：reverse an order 颠倒次序【真题例句】：Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. 但是没人想去逆转它。
(2003 text 4)11. 1 infirm [in'fә:m]adj.弱的, 不坚固的, 柔弱的【词根记忆】：in(否定)+ firm(坚固的)→不坚固的→柔弱的【短语精选】：infirm of purpose目的不明确【经典例句】：Old age and infirmity had begun to catch up with him. 他开始显出年老体衰的样子了.12. 2 finite ['fainait]adj.有限的, [数]有穷的, 限定的【词根记忆】：fin(结束)+ite(形容词)→有结束的→有限的，限定的【短语精选】：Finite value 有限数值【真题例句】：Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age -- say 83 or so. 一些学者得出这样的结论，政府的资源有限，所以应该直接不再为超过一定年龄限制(比如83岁等)的人支付维持生命的医疗费用。
(2003 text 4)13. 2 governor ['gʌvәnә]n.统治者, 管理者, 地方长官, 主管人员【词根记忆】：govern(管理，统治)+ or(人或物)→管理者，统治者→州长【短语精选】：an electric governor电气节速器【真题例句】：Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way,”so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential. 据称，科洛里拉州前州长曾这样说，年老者和体弱者“有去死的义务，应该让开道”，好让年轻的，健康的人能实现他们的潜能。
(2003 text 4)14. 9 routine [ru:'ti:n]n.例行公事, 常规, 日常事务, 程序【词根记忆】：rout(常走的道路)+ ine(形容词)→常规，日常事务【短语精选】：go through a dance routine 做一套舞蹈动作【真题例句】：Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. 现在，精力充沛的人完全可以在60多岁，甚至是70岁进行日常工作，并且还保持着令人炫目的生产力。
(2003 text 4)15. 1 surgeon ['sɜrdʒən]n. 外科医生【短语精选】：heart surgeon 心脏外科医师【真题例句】：Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. 最高法院的法官Sandra Day O’Connor已经70多岁了，前外科主任医师C. Everett Koop80多岁时主管一家新兴的网络公司。
(2003 text 4)16. 3 proof [pru:f]n.证据, 试验, 考验;adj.不能透入的, 证明用的, 防...的, 有耐力的;vt.校对, 使不被穿透【词根记忆】：proo(=prob检查;考试)+ f(名词)→检查，测试→经得起检验的→不能透入的, 证明用的, 防...的, 有耐力的【短语精选】：written proof 书面证明【真题例句】：These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. 预防措施是起作用的，我们也可以对付那些岁年龄增长而来的健康问题，这些领导人就是活生生的证明。