双写动词过去式过去分词
英语中动词过去式、过去分词的变形规则
英语中动词过去式、过去分词的变形规则本文讲解了动词过去式和过去分词的规则变化和不规则变化。
规则变化包括在动词原形后加-ed，以-e结尾的动词加-d，以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i再加-ed，以元音字母加y结尾的词直接加-ed，末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词双写该辅音字母再加-ed，以-r结尾的词双写r字母再加-ed。
不规则变化包括动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形，过去式与过去分词完全同形等五种情况。
Cost。
cut。
put。
let。
set。
and hit have the same past XXXof these forms is the same as the base form.For verbs with "ought" or "aught" in the past tense and past participle。
XXX [t]。
Examples include bright-brought-XXX.Verbs with "e" in the base form change to "o" in the past tense and past participle。
Examples include get-got-got。
sell-sold-sold。
and tell-told-told.For verbs with "i" in the base form。
the past XXX "a"。
Examples include sit-sat-sat and spit-spat-spat.Verbs with "i" in the base form change to "o" in the past tense and past participle。
动词过去式和过去分词变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词变化规则：1. 一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed, 如：work- want- playask-2. 以不发音的-e 结尾的动词，动词词尾加-d, 如：live- movetaste-3. 以辅音字母加-y 结尾的动词，变y 为i, 再加-ed, 如：study- try- copy-4. 重度闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed, 如：stop-permit-特例：以-l 结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写l, 如：control-controlled, 尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如：travel-traveled（美）/travelled（英）5. 不规则动词变化⑴以t 结尾，过去式与原形相同。
如：put, let, cut, beat, must⑵以 d 结尾，变 d 为t, 如：build-built, lend-lent, spend-spent, send-sent⑶以n 结尾，在词后加t, 如：mean-meant, burn-burnt, learn-learnt⑷以ow/aw 结尾，把ow/aw 变为ew ，如：blow-blew, draw-drew, know-knew, grow-grew, throw-threw（show 除外，show-showed）⑸含有双写字母的，将双写改为单写，在词尾加-t, 如：keep-kept, sleep-slept, feel-felt, smell-smelt, sweep-swept⑹含有元音字母o/i 的词，将o/i 变成a, 如：come-came, become-became, sing-sang,give-gave, sit-sat, drink-drank⑺把重度开音节中的i 改为o, 变成过去式，如：drive-drove, ride-rode, write-wrote⑻动词原形中的e改为o, 变成过去式，如：get-got, forget-forgot⑼动词原形中的e e 改为e, 如：feed-fed, meet-met⑽动词原形中的e ak 改为oke, 如：break-broke, speak-spoke⑾动词原形中的ell 改为old, 如：sell-sold, tell-told⑿动词原形中an 改为oo, 如：stand-stood, understand-understood 的⒀在动词原形后加 d 或t 变成过去式，并且发生音变，如：hear-heard, say-said, mean-meant⒁不符合上述规律的动词过去式，如：am, is –was, are-were, bring-brought, buy-bought, think-thought, catch-caught, teach-taught, can-could, shall-should, will-would, do-did, eat-ate, fall-fell, find-found, wind-wound, fly-flew, go-went, have/has-had, hold-held, leave-left, make-made, may-might, run-ran, see-saw, take-took 不规则动词的变化因词而异。
英语中动词过去式、过去分词的变形规则
动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1) 规则变化●一般在动词原形后加-edlook －looked － looked call －called －calledopen －opened －opened need －needed－needed①-ed在清辅音音素后发音为〔t〕，在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕，在元音后发音也为[d]②-ed在t、d后发音为[id]③但fix的过去式和过去分词x不双写，为fixed.●以-e结尾的动词加-dmove －moved －moved phone －phoned －phonedhope －hoped －hoped agree －agreed －agreed●以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-edstudy －studied － studied carry －carried－carried try －tried－tried●以元音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-edplay －played －played enjoy －enjoyed －enjoyed stay －stayed －stayed ●末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop －stopped －stopped plan －planned －planned fit －fitted －fitted●以-r结尾的词，双写r字母，再加-edprefer －preferred －preferred refer－referred －referred2) 不规则变化英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可分为五种情况。
1．动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。
cut（切），hit（打），cast（扔），hurt（伤害），put（放），let（让）shut（关），cost（花费），set（放），rid（清除）2．过去式与过去分词完全同形。
find（找到）--found, found pay（支付）--paid, paid leave（离开）--left, leftlend（借出）--lent, lent meet（遇见）--met, met keep（保持）--kept, keptlose（丢失）--lost, lost teach（教）--taught, taught sit（坐）--sat, satlead（引导）--led, led win（赢）--won, won3．动词原形与过去分词同形例：come（来）--came--come run（跑）--ran--run become（成为）--became--become4．动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。
过去式过去分词的规则
英语动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
（实例顺序：动词原形过去式过去分词）发音： ed在清辅音音素后发音为 [ t ], 在浊辅音后发音为[ d ], 在元音后发音也为[ d ] ,在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]一、规则变化1. 一般在动词原形后加-edlook looked looked call called calledopen opened opened need needed needed2. 以-e结尾的动词加-dphone phoned phoned hope hoped hoped agree agreed agreed Move moved moved3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-edstudy studied studied carry carried carriedtry tried tried4. 以原音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-edplay played played enjoy enjoyed enjoyedstay stayed stayed5. 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop stopped stopped plan planned plannedfit fitted fitted6. 以-r音节结尾的词，双写r字母，再加-edprefer preferred preferredrefer referred referred动词加ing的变化规则I一般情况下，直接加ing1. go-going 去2. stand-standing 站3. sleep-sleeping 睡觉4. eat-eating 吃5. sing-singing 唱6. drink-drinking 喝II以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing1. come–coming 来2. dance-dancing 跳舞3. close-closing 关4. make–making 制造5. ride–riding 骑6. write-writing 写III 双写加-ing : 重读闭音节就要双写.重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音注意：重读闭音节三要素：1. 必须是重读音节；2. 最后只有一个辅音字母；3. 元音字母发短元音判断是不是重读闭音节双写，不仅仅要看单词的字母组合符合辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾，还要看音标是不是符合辅音+ 元音+辅音结尾只有都符合才可以双写buy 的音标[bai] 不符合 beat不符合例如：1. sit- sitting 做2. hop - hopping 单脚跳3. swim- swimming 游泳4. run - running 跑5. cut – cutting 切6. put – putting 放7.forget-forgetting 8.get-getting 9.begin-beginning10.hit-hitting 11.chat-chatting 12.stop-stopping形容词和副词的比较级和最高级一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则1．一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est；（1）单音节词如：small → smaller → smallest short → shorter → shortest tall → taller →tallest great → greater → greatest（2）双音节词如：clever → cleverer → cleverest narrow → narrower →narrowest 2．以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st；如：large → larger → largest nice → nicer → nicest able → abler → ablest3．在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；如：big → bigger →biggest hot → hotter → hottest fat → fatter → fattest 4．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；如：easy → easier → easiest heavy → heavier → heaviestBusy → busier → busiest happy →happier→ happiest5．其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most；如：beautiful →more beautiful→most beautiful different →more different →most different easily → more easily → most easily注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。
(完整版)动词过去式及过去分词变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
I.规则变化：1. 一般情况直接加ed,女口ask—asked, work—worked2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，女口love —loved, dance—danced3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try —tried, study —studied4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词（以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母）,先双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加ed,如stop—stopped, permit —permitted注：A.以I结尾的动词，尾音节重读时双写I,如control —con trolled;尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如travel —traveled（美） /travelled（英）。
B. 特例：picnic —picnicked —picnicked（去野餐）,traffic —trafficked —trafficked（交易，在…通行）另外，还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的，需要熟记.（见后）C. 读音与说明：①.-ed 在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped②.-ed 在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed③.-ed 在[t]、[d]后发音为[id]: wan ted, n eeded, admitted, permittedII. 不规则动词表（1AAA 型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）cost （花费）cost cost shut shut shut cut （割）cut cut spit spit/spat spit/ spat（英）hit （打）hit hit hurt 伤害）hurt hurtlet （让）let let put （放）put put read （读）read read（2AAB 型（动词原形与过去式同形）beat （跳动）beat beaten（3ABA 型（动词原形与过去分词同形）become （变成）became become awake awoke awoken come （来）came come run （跑）ran run（4ABB 型（过去式与过去分词同形）dig （挖）dug dug build built builtget （得到）got got/gotten catch caught caught hang （吊死）hanged hanged deal dealt dealt hang （悬挂）hung hung feed fed fed hold （抓住）held held find found found shine （照耀）shone shone forbid forbade/forbad forbidden sit （坐）sat sat pay paid paid win （赢）won won send sent sent meet （遇见）met met shoot shot shot keep （保持）kept kept tell told toldleave （离开）left left build （建设）built builtsleep （睡）slept slept win won won sweep （扫）swept swept feel （感觉）felt felt smell （闻）smelt/smelled smelt/ smelledlend （借出）lent lent send （传送）sent sentspend （花费）spent spent lose （丢失）lost lostburn （燃烧）burnt burnt learn （学习）learnt learntmean （意思是）meant meant catch （抓住）caught caughtteach （教）taught taught bring （带来）brought brought fight （战斗）fought fought buy （买）bought bought think （想）thought thought hear （听见）heard heardsell （卖）sold sold tell （告诉）told toldsay （说）said said find （找到）found foundhave/has （有）had had make （制造）made madestand （站）stood stood understand 明白understood u nderstoo （5） ABC 型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）begin （开始）began begun take （取）took takendrink （喝）drank drunk mistake （弄错）mistook mistakenring （铃响）rang rung ride （骑）rode riddensing （唱）sang sung do （做）did doneswim （游泳）swam swum write （写）wrote writtenblow （吹）blew blown go （去）went gonedraw （画）drew drawn lie （平躺）lay lainfly （飞）flew flown see （看见）saw seengrow （生长）grew grown wear （穿）wore wornknow （知道）knew known be （ am, is, are ）（是）was, were beenthrow （投掷）threw thrown show （出示）showed shownbreak （打破）broke broken choose （选择）chose chosenforget （忘记）forgot forgotten （forgot）bear bore borne/bornspeak （说，讲）spoke spoken draw drew drawnwake （醒）woke woken dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreameddrive （驾驶）drove driven hide hid hiddeneat （吃）ate eaten lay laid laid 放置fall （落下）fell fallen lie lied lied 撒谎give （给）gave given lie lay lain 躺rise （升咼）rose risen see saw seenshake shook shaken steal stole stolencan --- could may---might will---would shall---shouldmust --- mustleave （离开）left left build （建设）built built。
常见动词过去式过去分词的变化规则
常见动词过去式过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
一、规则变化：1.一般情况直接加ed，女口ask —asked, work —worked2.以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love —loved, dance —danced3.以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try —tried, study —studied4.以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词（以重读闭音节或r 音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母），先双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加ed,如stop —stoPPed, permit permitted注：A.以I结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写I,如co ntrol —con trolled尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如travel —traveled美） /travelled（英）。
B.特例：P ic nic —picnicked —p ic nic去野餐）,traffic —trafficked —traffi交易d,在…通行）另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记.（见后）C.读音与说明：①-ed 在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped①-ed 在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed ①-ed 在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]: wan ted, n eeded, admitted, p ermitted二、不规则动词(Irregular Verbs) 的过去式大体上归纳有以下记忆法：1. 以t 结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。
如：put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat read—read must--must2.以d结尾的词，把d变成t。
辅音字母双写规则
凡词尾是一个辅音字母、前面又是一个发短元音的元音字母，且又重读时,需先将辅音字母双写.一、存在辅音字母双写的场合在下列三种情况下常会遇到双写现象：1. 动词的过去式过去分词或现在分词，如stop-stopped-stopping，cut-cutting，rob-robbed-robbing，hit-hitting2. 形容词后面加-er，-est构词的比较级和最高级，如：big-bigger-biggest，fat-fatter-fattest，hot-hotter-hottest，sad-sadder-saddest3. 派生词，即在单词词尾加上其它词缀（也称后缀）构词的新词。
这样的后缀常见的有：1) –er或-ar加在动词后构成名词，表示“……人”，如：beginner，robber，beggar2) –y加在名词后构成形容词，如：fun-funny，sun-sunny，fog-foggy3) –able加在动词后构成形容词，如：forget-forgettable，（容易被忘记的），unforgettable（难以忘却的）4) –ish加在名词后构成形容词，如：red-reddish（微红的，略带红色的）5) –en加在形容词后构成动词，如：red-redden（使变成红色），sad-sadden（使悲伤，使忧愁）二、辅音字母双写的规则符合下列条件的词才要双写：1. 以一个辅音字母结尾（x除外）的重读闭音节单音节词；2. 重音落在最后一个音节的多音节词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，并且前面有一个读短音的元音字母。
三、下列辅音字母常会有双写现象1. 辅音字母b，如：rob-robbed-robbing-robber，rub-rubbed-rubbing-rubber2. 辅音字母d，如：sad-sadder-saddest-sadden，nod-nodded-nodding，bed-bedding （被褥，铺盖），mud-muddy（泥泞的）3. 辅音字母g，如：big-bigger-biggest，fog-foggy，dig-digging，beg-begging-beggar4. 辅音字母l，如：travel-travelled-travelling-traveller，quarrel-quarrelled-quarrelling-quarreller（注：此处为英国拼法，美国拼法则不双写）5. 辅音字母m，如：swim-swimming-swimmer，skim-skimming-skimmer6. 辅音字母n，如：sun-sunny，fun-funny，thin-thinner-thinnest，win-winning-winner，scan-scanned-scanning-scanner7. 辅音字母p，如：stop-stopped-stopping，drop-dropped-dropping，ship-shipped-shipping，（用船运）shop-shopped-shopping-shopper，kidnap-kidnapped-kidnapping-kidnapper8. 辅音字母r，如：prefer-preferred-preferring，refer-referred-referring(参考)，infer-inferred-inferring（推理，推断）9. 辅音字母t，如：get-getting，forget-forgetting-forgettable，put-putting，spit-spitting-spitter，另外，cut，set，let，fit，hit等的现在分词都须双写字母“t”四、值得注意的几种情况1. 下列动词的过去分词也有双写现象：write-written, hide-hidden, ride-ridden, bite-bitten, fotget-forgotten2. 若重音不在最后一个音节上，则不必双写。
动词过去式过去分词变化一览表
动词词形变化一览表：规则动词变化表：规则变化原形动词结尾情况现在时单三人称现在分词过去式和过去分词一般情况+s+ing+eds,x,ch,sh,o结尾+es+ing+ed辅音字母+y结尾y→i,+es+ing y→i,+ed重读闭音节一元一辅结尾+s双写辅音字母,+ing双写辅音字母,+ed不发音的e结尾+s去掉e,+ing+die结尾+s ie→y,+ing+d不规则变化have→has；be→is(无)(见不规则动词变化表)注意：①在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读的动词,“r”应双写。
②s/es的读音规则：在清辅音后读[s]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[z]；在[s]、[z]后读[iz].③ed的读音规则：在清辅音后读[t]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[d]；在[t]、[d]后读[id].be(“是/存在”)动词的各种时态变化：一般现在时一般将来时现在完成时Iam…. Youare.…He/She/Itis…. We/You/Theyare….(I等各人称)willbe….IamHe/She/ItisgoingtobeWe/You/TheyareIhavebeen….Youhavebeen….She/he/Ithasbeen….We/You/Theyhavebeen….一般过去时过去将来时过去完成时Iwas…. Youwere.…He/She/Itwas…. We/You/Theywere….(I等各人称)wouldbe….IwasHe/She/ItwasgoingtobWe/You/TheywereIhadbeen….Youhadbeen….She/he/Ithadbeen….We/You/Theyhadbeen….注意：句型变化时,否定句在am/is/are/will/have/has/was/were/had/would后面加not,而且not都可以缩写为n’t(am后面not不可以缩写)；疑问句将am/is/are/will/have/has/was/were/had/would提前到句首。
动词过去式过去分词变化规则
动词过去式、过去分词变化规则（一）分规则变化和不规则变化两种.不规则变化需逐个记忆（二）规则变化遵循以下原则：(1) 一般情况下,在动词后加ed构成：work / worked,stay / stayed,shout / shouted等.(2) 在以-e结尾动词后只加d：close / closed,like / liked,live / lived,smile / smiled等.(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y改为i 再加-ed：study / studied,carry / carried等.(4) 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且(中间只有一个元音字母）且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed：stop / stopped,admit / admitted,refer / referred,prefer / preferred等.【注】(1) 以字母l结尾的动词,若末尾一个音节为重读音节,则必须双写l再加-ed,如control / controlled,但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节,则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语),如travel / travel(l)ed.(2) 动词picnic(野餐)的过去式和过去分词是picnicked,不是picniced.(3) 词尾-ed 读音规则是：在清辅音后读作[t],元音和浊辅音后读作[d],在辅音[t]或[d]后读作[id].（三）不规则变化分类记忆表初中英语不规则动词表（一）一、AAA型（原形→原形→原形）原形过去式过去分词汉语意思read read read读cut cut cut切，割let let let让put put put放cost cost cost花费，值hit hit hit撞，击set set set安排，安置hurt hurt hurt使…伤痛二、ABA型（原形→过去式→原形）原形过去式过去分词汉语意思become became become成为come came come来run ran run跑三、ABC型1. ow →ew →own原形过去式过去分词汉语意思blow blew blown吹draw drew drawn画grow grew grown生长know knew known 知道fly flew flown飞2. i→a →u原形过去式过去分词汉语意思begin began begun开始drink drank drunk喝sing sang sung唱swim swam swum游泳ring rang rung打电话3. 原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n原形过去式过去分词汉语意思wear wore worn穿forget forgot forgotten忘记speak spoke spoken说freeze froze frozen冻choose chose chosen选择4. 原形→过去式→原形+(e)n原形过去式过去分词汉语意思eat ate eaten吃forbid forbade forbidden禁止give gave given给ride rode ridden骑see saw seen看见write wrote written写fall fell fallen落下5. 无规律原形过去式过去分词汉语意思am/is was been是are were been是do did done做go went gone走take took taken拿四、ABB型1. 原形→ought →ought原形过去式过去分词汉语意思bring brought brought带来buy bought bought买fight fought fought打架think thought thought思考2. 原形→aught →aught原形过去式过去分词汉语意思catch caught caught捉,抓teach taught taught教3. 变其中一个元音字母原形过去式过去分词汉语意思feed fed fed喂meet met met遇见get got got得到hold held held拥有sit sat sat坐win won won赢find found found发现4. 原形→□lt→□lt原形过去式过去分词汉语意思feel felt felt感到keep kept kept保持leave left left离开sleep slept slept睡sweep swept swept扫5. 变其中一个辅音字母原形过去式过去分词汉语意思build built built建造hear heard heard听见make made made制造mean meant meant意思send sent sent送,寄spend spent spent花费deal dealt dealt处理6.辅音字母和元音字母都变原形过去式过去分词汉语意思have had had有,吃lay lain lain放lose lost lost丢失pay paid paid付钱say said said说sell sold sold卖tell told told告诉stand stood stood站五、AAB型原形过去式过去分词汉语意思beat beat beaten打败六、有两种形式原形过去式过去分词汉语意思bore bornbear bore borne生hanged hanged吊死hang hung hung挂learned learnedlearn learnt learnt学lied lied说谎lie lay lain躺showed showedshow showed shown给…看spelled spelledspell spelt spelt拼写burned burnedburn burnt burnt烧smelled smelledsmell smelt smelt闻shined shinedshine shone shone照耀dreamed dreameddream dreamt dreamt做梦waked wakedwake woke woken醒hid hidhide hid hidden躲藏七、情态动词原形过去式过去分词汉语意思can could∕能may might∕也许must∕∕必须shall should∕将要will would∕会初中英语不规则动词表（二）原形过去式过去分词汉语意思am/is was been是are were been是babysit babysat babysat临时照看bear bore born生bear bore borne生beat beat beaten打败become became become成为begin began begun开始blow blew blown吹bring brought brought带来build built built建造burn burned burned烧burn burnt burnt烧buy bought bought买can could∕能catch caught caught捉,抓choose chose chosen选择come came come来cost cost cost花费，值cut cut cut切，割deal dealt dealt处理dig dug dug挖do did done做draw drew drawn画dream dreamed dreamed做梦dream dreamt dreamt做梦drink drank drunk喝drive drove driven驾驶eat ate eaten吃fall fell fallen落下feed fed fed喂feel felt felt感到fight fought fought打架find found found发现fly flew flown飞原形过去式过去分词汉语意思forbid forbade forbidden禁止forget forgot forgotten忘记freeze froze frozen冻get got got得到give gave given给go went gone走grow grew grown生长hang hanged hanged吊死hang hung hung挂have had had有,吃hear heard heard听见hide hid hid躲藏hide hid hidden躲藏hit hit hit撞，击hold held held拥有hurt hurt hurt使…伤痛keep kept kept保持know knew known 知道lay lain lain放learn learned learned学learn learnt learnt学leave left left离开lend lent lent把…借给let let let让lie lied lied说谎lie lay lain躺lose lost lost丢失make made made制造may might∕也许mean meant meant意思meet met met遇见must∕∕必须pay paid paid付钱put put put放read read read读原形过去式过去分词汉语意思ride rode ridden骑ring rang rung打电话run ran run跑say said said说see saw seen看见sell sold sold卖send sent sent送,寄set set set安排，安置shall should∕将要shine shined shined照耀shine shone shone照耀show showed showed给…看show showed shown给…看sing sang sung唱sit sat sat坐sleep slept slept睡smell smelled smelled闻smell smelt smelt闻speak spoke spoken说spell spelled spelled拼写spell spelt spelt拼写spend spent spent花费stand stood stood站sweep swept swept扫swim swam swum游泳take took taken拿teach taught taught教tell told told告诉think thought thought思考wake waked waked醒wake woke woken醒wear wore worn穿will would∕会win won won赢write wrote written写。
英语动词现在分词,过去式,过去分词的双写规律
双写的四个条件ー“元”ー“辅”，又“重”又“短”上述的八个字实际上包括了四个具体条件，只有在这四个条件同时具备时，才双写结尾的那个辅音字母，然后再加词尾。
四个条件缺一不可。
英语中双写规则使用范围很广，它在构成形容词的比较级、最高级以及许多动词的过去式、过去分词或现在分词等方面都很有价值。
现举例说明，例如:形容词hot 以ー个辅音字母t结尾，t前面只有一个元音字母0，该单词是单音节词，属于重读音节，而且元音字母发短元音。
hot具备了口诀中所要求的四个条件，因此它的比较级和最高级分别是hotter ，hottest。
强化练习：请写出下列动词的过去式，过去分词，现在分词1.abandon2.aim3.plan4.open5.fit6.quit7.benefit8.visit9.heat 10.lift11.limit12.permit13.su bmit 14. admit 15.perform16.nod 17.stop 18.swim 19.win20.begin 21.listen 22.can23.scan24.cut 25.attend 26.jump 27.man 28. write 29. drill 30.control 31.signal 32. delay33.program34.regret35.infer36.refer 37.prefer 38.deliver 39.register40.offer41.suffer4 2.water43.star44.stare45.dis appear46.color47.occur48.major49.mix50.r elax 51.allow52.slow 53.54.bow55.envy56.enjoy57.e mploy 58.annoy 59.destroy60.apply61.carry62.worry63.rely64.reply65.satisfy写出下列形容词的比较级,1.big2.red3.wet4.hot5.short6.thin7.fat8.clever9.fun10.sun11.mud 12.oldkeys: (红色字体的单词不需要双写，直接加ed,ing ,或者是过去式过去分词变化不规则，现在分词需要双写最后的辅音字母。
(完整版)动词过去式及过去分词变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
Ⅰ. 规则变化:1. 一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked, work—worked2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved, dance—danced3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried, study—studied4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped, permit—permitted 注：A. 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时, 双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。
B. 特例:picnic—picnicked—picnicked(去野餐),traffic—trafficked—trafficked（交易,在…通行）另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记.(见后)C. 读音与说明:①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped②.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed③.-ed在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]: wanted, needed, admitted, permittedII. 不规则动词表:(1) AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）cost（花费）cost cost shut shut shutcut（割）cut cut spit spit/spat spit/ spat(英)hit（打）hit hit hurt 伤害）hurt hurtlet（让）let let put（放）put putread （读）read read(2) AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）beat（跳动）beat beaten(3) ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）become（变成）became become awake awoke awokencome（来）came come run（跑）ran run(4) ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）dig（挖）dug dug build built builtget（得到）got got/gotten catch caught caughthang（吊死）hanged hanged deal dealt dealthang（悬挂）hung hung feed fed fedhold（抓住）held held find found foundshine（照耀）shone shone forbid forbade/forbad forbiddensit（坐）sat sat pay paid paidwin （赢）won won send sent sentmeet（遇见）met met shoot shot shotkeep （保持）kept kept tell told toldsleep（睡）slept slept win won wonsweep（扫）swept swept feel（感觉）felt feltsmell（闻）smelt/smelled smelt/ smelledleave（离开）left left build（建设）built builtlend（借出）lent lent send （传送）sent sentspend（花费）spent spent lose （丢失）lost lostburn （燃烧）burnt burnt learn（学习）learnt learntmean（意思是）meant meant catch（抓住）caught caughtteach（教）taught taught bring（带来）brought broughtfight （战斗）fought fought buy（买）bought boughtthink（想）thought thought hear （听见）heard heardsell（卖）sold sold tell（告诉）told toldsay（说）said said find（找到）found foundhave/has（有）had had make（制造）made madestand（站）stood stood understand明白understood understood (5) ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）begin（开始）began begun take（取）took takendrink（喝）drank drunk mistake（弄错）mistook mistaken ring（铃响）rang rung ride（骑）rode riddensing （唱）sang sung do（做）did doneswim（游泳）swam swum write（写）wrote writtenblow（吹）blew blown go（去）went gonedraw （画）drew drawn lie（平躺）lay lainfly（飞）flew flown see（看见）saw seengrow（生长）grew grown wear （穿）wore wornknow（知道）knew known be ( am, is, are )（是）was, were been throw（投掷）threw thrown show（出示）showed shownbreak（打破）broke broken choose（选择）chose chosenforget（忘记）forgot forgotten (forgot) bear bore borne/bornspeak（说，讲）spoke spoken draw drew drawnwake（醒）woke woken dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreamed drive（驾驶）drove driven hide hid hiddeneat（吃）ate eaten lay laid laid 放置fall（落下）fell fallen lie lied lied 撒谎give（给）gave given lie lay lain 躺rise（升高）rose risen see saw seenshake shook shaken steal stole stolencan----could may---might will---would shall---shouldmust----must。
过去式过去分词变化规则
过去式过去分词变化规则过去式和过去分词是英语中常见的动词形式。
它们在句子中的使用方式和变化规则有一些区别。
一、过去式的变化规则1. 一般情况下，动词的过去式是在词尾加上-ed。
例如：walk - walked, talk - talked。
2. 以不发音的-e结尾的动词，直接加上-d。
例如：live - lived, dance - danced。
3. 以重读闭音节结尾的单词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这个辅音字母，再加上-ed。
例如：stop - stopped, plan - planned。
4. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，将y变为i，再加上-ed。
例如：study - studied, try - tried。
5. 以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加上-ed。
例如：admit - admitted, prefer - preferred。
6. 不规则动词的过去式需要特殊记忆，例如：go - went, have - had。
二、过去分词的变化规则1. 一般情况下，动词的过去分词是在词尾加上-ed。
例如：play - played, work - worked。
2. 以不发音的-e结尾的动词，直接加上-d。
例如：live - lived, dance - danced。
3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，将y变为i，再加上-ed。
例如：study - studied, try - tried。
4. 以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加上-ed。
例如：admit - admitted, prefer - preferred。
5. 不规则动词的过去分词需要特殊记忆，例如：go - gone, have - had。
过去式和过去分词在句子中的使用方式也有一些区别。
过去式通常用来表示过去发生的动作或状态，而过去分词则可以用作动词的补语、形容词或短语的一部分。
动词过去式过去分词变化规则
动词过去式过去分词变化规则一.规则变化1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted love-loved3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped permit-permitted4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studiedtry-tried二.不规则动词表（1）AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）cost（花费）cost cost shut shut shutcut（割）cut cut spit spit/spat spit/ spat(英) hit（打）hit hit hurt 伤害）hurt hurtlet（让）let let put（放）put putread （读）read read(2) AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）beat（跳动）beat beaten(3) ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）become（变成）became become awake awoke awoken come（来）came come run（跑）ran run(4) ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）dig（挖）dug dug build built builtget（得到）got got/gotten catch caught caughthang（吊死）hanged hanged deal dealt dealthang（悬挂）hung hung feed fed fedhold（抓住）held held find found foundshine（照耀）shone shone sit（坐）sat satpay paid paid win （赢）won wonsend sent sent meet（遇见）met metshoot shot shot keep （保持）kept kept tell told told sleep（睡）slept sleptwin won won sweep（扫）swept swept feel（感觉）felt felt smell（闻）smelt/smelledsmelt/ smelledleave（离开）left left build（建设）built builtlend（借出）lent lent send （传送) sent sent spend（花费）spent spent lose （丢失）lost lostburn （燃烧）burnt burnt learn（学习）learnt learnt mean（意思是）meant meant catch（抓住）caught caughtteach（教）taught taught bring（带来）brought broughtfight （战斗）fought fought buy（买）bought bought think（想）thought thought hear （听见）heard heardsell（卖）sold sold tell（告诉）told told say（说）said said find（找到）found found have/has（有）had had make（制造）made made stand（站）stood stood understand明白understood understood(5) ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）begin（开始）began begun take（取）took takendrink（喝）drank drunk mistake（弄错）mistook mistaken ring（铃响）rang rung ride（骑）rode riddensing （唱）sang sung do（做）did doneswim（游泳）swam swum write（写）wrote writtenblow（吹）blew blown go（去）went gonedraw （画）drew drawn lie（平躺）lay lainfly（飞）flew flown see（看见）saw seengrow（生长）grew grown wear （穿）wore wornknow（知道）knew known be ( am, is, are )（是）was, were been throw（投掷）threw thrown show（出示）showed shownbreak（打破）broke broken choose（选择）chose chosenforget（忘记）forgot forgotten (forgot) bear bore borne/bornspeak（说，讲）spoke spoken draw drew drawnwake（醒）woke woken dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreameddrive（驾驶）drove driven hide hid hiddeneat（吃）ate eaten lay laid laid 放置fall（落下）fell fallen lie lied lied 撒谎give（给）gave given lie lay lain 躺rise（升高）rose risen see saw seenshake shook shaken steal stole stolencan----could may---might will---would shall---should must----must。
八年级 动词过去式、过去分词表
八年级动词过去式、过去分词表一、规则动词的过去式、过去分词1. 直接加ed :work –worked- worked visit –visited - visi ted ask –asked –asked play –played - played2. 双写再加ed :stop - stopped –stopped 停止drop –dropped –dropped 落下rob –robbed –robbed 抢夺plan –planned –planned 计划prefer –preferred - preferred 更喜欢3. 以e为结尾加 d :like –liked –liked live –lived –livedmove –moved –moved 移动，搬迁4. 辅音加y 的变i 加ed : carry –carried –carried 携带Worry –worried –worried 担忧try –tried –tried 试图，努力cry –cried –cried 哭喊二、不规则动词过去式、过去分词1. A – A – A 型（三式相同）cost –cost –cost 花费cut 切hit 打击hurt 受伤set 放置put 放shut 关read 读le t 让beat 打败2. A – B – B 型（过去式和过去分词同形）bring –brought –brought 带来buy –bought –bought 买think –thoug ht –thought 想，认为fight –fought –fought 打架teach –taught –taught 教书catch –caught –caught 抓住build –built –built 建造spend –spent –spent 花费lend –lent –lent 借给send –sent –sent 发送learn –learnt –learnt 学习meet –met –met 遇见feed –fed –fed 喂养feel –felt –felt 感觉leave –left –left 离开，遗留keep –kept –kept 保持sleep –slept –slept 睡觉sweep –swept –swept 打扫tell –told –told 告诉sell –sold –sold 卖say –said –said 说pay –paid –paid 付钱lay –laid –laid 放置，下蛋find –found –found 发现，找到get –got –got 得到have –had –had 有stand –stood –stood 站立understand –understood –understood懂得，理解hear –heard –heard 听见，听说hold –held –held 拿着，举行，make –made –made 使，制作sit –sat –sat 坐下babysit –babysat –babysat 照顾smell –smelt –smelt 闻到spell –spelt –spelt 拼写win –won –won 赢得，获胜3. A- B – A 型come –came –come 来become –became –become 成为，变成run –ran –run 跑4. A - B – C 型begin –began –begun 开始drink –drank –drunk 喝酒swim –swam –swum 游泳sing –sang –sung 唱歌ring –rang –rung 打电话，铃响fall –fell –fallen 落下fly –flew –flown 飞take –took –taken 拿走give –gave –given 给drive –drove –dr iven 开write –wrote –written 写eat –ate –eaten 吃forget –forgot –forgotten 忘记break –broke –broken 打破，违反wake –woke –woken 醒来speak –spoke –spoken 讲话show –showed –shown 显示draw –drew –drawn 画画throw –threw –thrown 扔，抛grow –grew –grown 生长，种植know –knew –known 知道，认识ride –rode –ridden 骑see –saw - seen 看见be –was / were –beendo/ does –did –done 做go –went –gone 走wear –wore –worn 穿着bear –bore –born 出生5. A – A – B 型beat –beat –beaten 打；打败；拍打6. 区分这几个词：lie -- lied -- lied 说谎lie –lay –lain 躺下，位于，平放lay –laid –laid 下蛋。
辅音字母双写规则
凡词尾是一个辅音字母、前面又是一个发短元音的元音字母，且又重读时,需先将辅音字母双写.一、存在辅音字母双写的场合在下列三种情况下常会遇到双写现象：1. 动词的过去式过去分词或现在分词，如stop-stopped-stopping，cut-cutting，rob-robbed-robbing，hit-hitting2. 形容词后面加-er，-est构词的比较级和最高级，如：big-bigger-biggest，fat-fatter-fattest，hot-hotter-hottest，sad-sadder-saddest3. 派生词，即在单词词尾加上其它词缀（也称后缀）构词的新词。
这样的后缀常见的有：1) –er或-ar加在动词后构成名词，表示“……人”，如：beginner，robber，beggar2) –y加在名词后构成形容词，如：fun-funny，sun-sunny，fog-foggy3) –able加在动词后构成形容词，如：forget-forgettable，（容易被忘记的），unforgettable（难以忘却的）4) –ish加在名词后构成形容词，如：red-reddish（微红的，略带红色的）5) –en加在形容词后构成动词，如：red-redden（使变成红色），sad-sadden（使悲伤，使忧愁）二、辅音字母双写的规则符合下列条件的词才要双写：1. 以一个辅音字母结尾（x除外）的重读闭音节单音节词；2. 重音落在最后一个音节的多音节词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，并且前面有一个读短音的元音字母。
三、下列辅音字母常会有双写现象1. 辅音字母b，如：rob-robbed-robbing-robber，rub-rubbed-rubbing-rubber2. 辅音字母d，如：sad-sadder-saddest-sadden，nod-nodded-nodding，bed-bedding （被褥，铺盖），mud-muddy（泥泞的）3. 辅音字母g，如：big-bigger-biggest，fog-foggy，dig-digging，beg-begging-beggar4. 辅音字母l，如：travel-travelled-travelling-traveller，quarrel-quarrelled-quarrelling-quarreller（注：此处为英国拼法，美国拼法则不双写）5. 辅音字母m，如：swim-swimming-swimmer，skim-skimming-skimmer6. 辅音字母n，如：sun-sunny，fun-funny，thin-thinner-thinnest，win-winning-winner，scan-scanned-scanning-scanner7. 辅音字母p，如：stop-stopped-stopping，drop-dropped-dropping，ship-shipped-shipping，（用船运）shop-shopped-shopping-shopper，kidnap-kidnapped-kidnapping-kidnapper8. 辅音字母r，如：prefer-preferred-preferring，refer-referred-referring(参考)，infer-inferred-inferring（推理，推断）9. 辅音字母t，如：get-getting，forget-forgetting-forgettable，put-putting，spit-spitting-spitter，另外，cut，set，let，fit，hit等的现在分词都须双写字母“t”四、值得注意的几种情况1. 下列动词的过去分词也有双写现象：write-written, hide-hidden, ride-ridden,bite-bitten, fotget-forgotten2. 若重音不在最后一个音节上，则不必双写。
英语单词变过去式怎么才双写字母？
英语辅音字母双写问题一、存在辅音字母双写的场合在下列三种情况下常会遇到双写现象：1. 动词的过去式过去分词或现在分词，如stop-stopped-stopping，cut-cutting，rob-robbed-robbing，hit-hitting2. 形容词后面加-er，-est构词的比较级和最高级，如：big-bigger-biggest，fat-fatter-fattest，hot-hotter-hottest，sad-sadder-saddest3. 派生词，即在单词词尾加上其它词缀（也称后缀）构词的新词。
这样的后缀常见的有：1) –er或-ar加在动词后构成名词，表示“……人”，如：beginner，robber，beggar2) –y加在名词后构成形容词，如：fun-funny，sun-sunny，fog-foggy3) –able加在动词后构成形容词，如：forget-forgettable，（容易被忘记的），unforgettable（难以忘却的）4) –ish加在名词后构成形容词，如：red-reddish（微红的，略带红色的）5) –en加在形容词后构成动词，如：red-redden（使变成红色），sad-sadden（使悲伤，使忧愁）二、辅音字母双写的规则符合下列条件的词才要双写：1. 以一个辅音字母结尾（x除外）的重读闭音节单音节词；2. 重音落在最后一个音节的多音节词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，并且前面有一个读短音的元音字母。
三、下列辅音字母常会有双写现象1. 辅音字母b，如：rob-robbed-robbing-robber，rub-rubbed-rubbing-rubber2. 辅音字母d，如：sad-sadder-saddest-sadden，nod-nodded-nodding，bed-bedding（被褥，铺盖），mud-muddy（泥泞的）3. 辅音字母g，如：big-bigger-biggest，fog-foggy，dig-digging，beg-begging-beggar4. 辅音字母l，如：travel-travelled-travelling-traveller，quarrel-quarrelled-quarrelling-quarreller（注：此处为英国拼法，美国拼法则不双写）5. 辅音字母m，如：swim-swimming-swimmer，skim-skimming-skimmer6. 辅音字母n，如：sun-sunny，fun-funny，thin-thinner-thinnest，win-winning-winner，scan-scanned-scanning-scanner7. 辅音字母p，如：stop-stopped-stopping，drop-dropped-dropping，ship-shipped-shipping，（用船运）shop-shopped-shopping-shopper，kidnap-kidnapped-kidnapping-kidnapper8. 辅音字母r，如：prefer-preferred-preferring，refer-referred-referring(参考)，infer-inferred-inferring（推理，推断）9. 辅音字母t，如：get-getting，forget-forgetting-forgettable，put-putting，spit-spitting-spitter，另外，cut，set，let，fit，hit 等的现在分词都须双写字母“t”四、值得注意的几种情况1. 下列动词的过去分词也有双写现象：write-written, hide-hidden, ride-ridden, bite-bitten, fotget-forgotten2. 若重音不在最后一个音节上，则不必双写。
动词过去式和过去分词不规则变化的规律
动词过去式和过去分词不规则变化的规律规则动词的过去式变化如下：一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed ，如：worked played wanted acted以不发音的-e 结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：lived moved decided declin ed hoped judged raised wiped以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stopped be gged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped 注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。
go - went make - made get - got buy - bought come - came fly-flew动词过去式,过去分词不规则变化AB型can could shall shouldwill would may mightAAA型cost cost costcut cut cuthit hit hithurt hurt hurtlet let letmust must mustput put putset set setshut shut shutread read readAAB型beat beat beatenABA型become became becomecome came comerun ran runABB型bring brought broughtbuy bought boughtthink thought thoughtcatch caught caughtteach taught taughtbuild built builtlend lent lentsend sent sentspend spent spentdig dug dughang hung hungfeel felt feltkeep kept keptsleep slept sleptsweep swept sweptleave left leftsmell smelt smeltspill spilt spiltlay laid laidpay paid paidsay said saidsell sold soldtell told toldsit sat satspit spat spatstand stood stoodunderstand understood understood learn learnt learntmean meant meantspoil spoilt spoiltshine shone shonewin won wonhave had hadmake made madehear heard heardfind found foundhold held heldABC型begin began begundrink drank drunkring rang rungsing sang sungsink sank sunkswim swam swumblow blew blownfly flew flowngrow grew grownknow knew knownthrow threw throwndraw drew drawnshow showed shown break broke broken choose chose chosen forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen speak spoke spoken wake woke wokendrive drove driveneat ate eatenfall fell fallengive gave givenhide hid hiddenride rode riddenrise rose risentake took takenmistake mistook mistaken write wrote writtenam,is was beenare were beendo did donego went gonelie lay lainsee saw seenwear wore worn易错型show showed shown draw drew drawnfall fell fallenfeel felt felthold held heldhelp helped helpedthink thought thoughtthank thanked thankedtake took takentalk talked talkedget got gotforget forgot forgottenmeet met metmean meant meanthit hit hithide hid hiddenring rang rungbring brought broughteat ate eatenbeat beat beatenlie lay lainlay laid laidfind found foundfound founded foundedbuy bought boughtbring brought broughtlearn learnt learnthear heard heard回答者：leosongyou - 进士出身九级3-31 22:03评价已经被关闭目前有 3 个人评价好66% （2）不好33% （1）其他回答共2 条5 动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
需双写最后字母的动词过去式过去分词
需双写最后字母的动词过去式过去分词需要双写辅音字母的动词过去式、过去分词的规则有些动词的过去式、过去分词必须双写最后一个辅音字母，其规则是必须是以单个字母结尾的重读闭音节单词。
三要素:(1)必须是重读音节，比如be'gin, 重读音节在gin, re'fer , in'fer 重读音节在fer(2)以一个辅音音素结尾,比如begin是以辅音字母n结尾，refer, infer 都是以辅音字母r结尾;(3)单词拼写形式: 辅音字母+一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾的形式，如stop , tap, tip ,slip 等,而thank, lack 等虽然是重读闭音节，但有两个辅音字母结尾，则不需要双写辅音字母。
这类的规则变化的动词改变时态时，重读闭音节需要双写末尾辅音字母.如:run--running swim--swimming jog--jogging sit---sitting begin---beginning(重读在gin这个音节上，相当于把gin改成双写的) .像travel这种重读不在vel的，可以为travelled，也可以是traveled, quarrel---quarrelled/quarreled.举两个很经典的例子:for'bid---forbidding (重读闭音节，双写).pro'hibit---prohibiting (重读在第二音节，非重读闭音节，不双写).变为过去式、过去分词时，这些规则变化的词语的重读闭音节也需双写末尾辅音字母如pre'fer---preferred---preferred (重读闭音节，双写)re'fer---referred--referred , in'fer---inferred---inferred oc'cur---occurred---occurred ,drag--dragged---dragged com'mit---committed---committed,stir-----stirred---stirred ,beg---begged---begged ,drop--dropped-droppedchat-chatted--chatted,clap--clapped--clapped ,control--controlled , dip--dipped-dipped , rob-robbed-robbedfit--fitted/fit---fitted/fit, nod--nodded--nodded, plot--plotted-plotted ,regret-regretted--regretted, rot-rotted-rotted Ship--shipped--shipped , slip--slipped-slipped , spot-spotted-spotted , star-starred-starred, step--stepped-steppedStop-stopped-stopped ,tip--tipped-tipped ,trap-trapped-trapped,'offer---offered(重读第一音节，非重读闭音节，不双写r)元音:a e i o u辅音:b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x z。