2021_2022学年新教材高中英语UNIT2 突破语法大冲关学案含解析新人教版选择性必修第二册

UNIT 2 BRIDGING CULTURES

名词性从句

[观察例句]

1．What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei.

2．It's important that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her social life.

3．That is why today over 40%of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.

4．Her tutor explained that she was supposed to read lots of information to help form a wise opinion of her ow n.

5．He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.

6．The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.

[归纳用法]

1．以上例句皆为主从复合句，句中用了相当于名词作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。

2．例句1为what引导的主语从句。例句2中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面that 引导的主语从句。

3．例句3为why引导的表语从句。

4．例句4为that引导的宾语从句。例句5中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面that 引导的宾语从句。

5．例句6为that引导的同位语从句。

名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一、名词性从句的连接词

引导名词性从句的连接词有三个连词、五个连接代词、四个连接副词。

连接词词形词义在从句中所作的成分

连词

that ××if/whether 是否×

连接代词who(ever) (无论)谁(主格) 主语、表语、宾语

主语从句是指在句中作主语的从句，位置与陈述句的主语相同。

What is not to our satisfaction is that the price of the meal is a little too high.

我们不满意的是饭菜的价格稍微有点高。

How the book will sell depends on its author.

这本书如何销售取决于作者本人。

Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference.

我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。

1．that引导主语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，但不可省略。

That you will win the medal seems unlikely.

你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。

2．whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需要用it作形式主语。

Whether the sports meeting will be held is not certain now.

运动会是否将举行现在还不能确定。

Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.

＝It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed on time.

这项工作能否按时完成还不确定。

3．若主语部分结构较长，可以使用形式主语it，把真正的主语从句放于后面。

It is announced that our school is going to start an activity of “Crazy English” before daily morning exercises.

学校通知每日早操前将开展“疯狂英语”活动。

It is necessary that people should learn to face the reality.

人们应该学会面对现实是有必要的。

[即学即练1] 单句语法填空

①It is certain that she will do well in her exam.

②How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.

③It is reported that a new film will be put on in the cinema.

三、宾语从句

在主从复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句在句中可以作及物动词、介词或一些形容词的宾语。

Everyone knows that the earth is made up of matter.

每个人都知道地球是由物质构成的。

I doubt whether he will be elected as chairma n.

我怀疑他是否会当选为主席。

These two areas are similar in that they both have high rainfall in summer.

这两个地区相似，因为在夏天降水都很多。

I'm not certain whether the train will arrive on time.

我不确信火车是否将会按时到达。

1．that引导宾语从句，既无语法功能，也无词汇意义，常被省略。但多个并列从句出现时，第一个that可以省略，其他的不能省略。

She said (that) she would come here and that I should wait for her till Monday.

她说她将会来这儿并让我等到星期一。

2．if和whether引导宾语从句的区别：

①在动词不定式之前只能用 whether。

②在whether...or not 的固定搭配中，只用 whether。

③在介词后，只能用whether。

④作 discuss 的宾语时，只能用 whether。

⑤宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用 whether。

3．带复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面，而用it作形式宾语。

4．表示喜欢、憎恶等心理活动的动词(短语)后习惯上先加个形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。例如：hate，dislike，love，don't mind，feel like，appreciate，rely on，count on，see to等。

We think it possible that you can finish the work today.我们认为你今天能够完成这项工作。

5．宾语从句的否定转移：think，believe，suppose，imagine等动词后的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。

I don't think we need to waste much time on it.