新编英美概况许鲁之

合集下载

各大学英语研究生入学考试方向-科目及参考

各大学英研方向，考试科目及参考书目中国人民大学外国语学院英语语言文2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：01英美文学 02英语语言学与英语教学03翻译理论与实践04英语国家文化03翻译理论与实践科目一政治 101 科目二 226二外俄语或227二外日语或228二外德语或229二外法语科目三基础英语 618 科目四翻译理论与实践 8221 《当代西方翻译理论探索》廖七一译林出版社 20002 《跨文化交际》金惠康中国对外翻译出版公司 20033 《英汉翻译手册》倜西、董乐山商务印书馆 20024 二外法语：《新大学法语》李志清高等教育出版社 20035 二外德语：《新求精德语》初级1、2；中级1 王晓明同济大学出版社 20036 二外日语：中日交流《标准日本语》初级上下、中级上人民教育出版社7 二外俄语：《大学俄语简明教程》张宝钤钱晓蕙高等教育出版社北京航空航天大学外语语言系英语语言文学2009年研究生入学专业目录研究方向： 01 英美文学 02 比较文学初试科目：①101政治②222俄语二外或223日语二外或224德语二外或225法语二外③721基础英语④822英美文学北京航空航天大学外语语言系英语语言文学2009年研究生入学参考书目822 英美文学《英国文学简史》河南人民出版社〔1993年4月〕刘炳善《英国文学选读》上海译文出版社〔1981年〕杨岂深《美国文学简史》南开大学出版社〔2004年3月第二版〕常耀信《美国文学选读》南开大学出版社(2002年9月) 常耀信721 基础英语不根据某一种教科书命题北京交通大学人文与社会科学学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：01英美文学研究02翻译理论与实践03西方文论研究04 浪漫主义文学研究初试科目：①101政治②211德语〔二外〕或212俄语〔二外〕或213法语〔二外〕或214 日语〔二外〕③610语言学与英美文学④851专业综合考试复试备注：复试科目：笔试部分：高级词汇、文论评述、散文翻译、论文〔提供材料，写出一篇小论文〕口试部分：语言学、文学专业知识面试、〔二外〕听力和口语北京交通大学人文与社会科学学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学参考书目610语言学与英美文学《语言学教程》〔修订版〕北京大学出版社胡壮麟主编《美国文学简史》南开大学出版社常耀信《英国文学简读教程》清华大学出版社宫玉波851专业综合考试《英美文化基础教程》北京外研社朱永涛《实用翻译教程》高教出版社冯庆华北京理工大学外国语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向： 01 英语文体学 02 英美文学 03 翻译理论与实践初试科目：①101政治②212俄语或213日语或214德语③616基础英语④854英语专业综合(语言学、英美文学、英美概况)复试备注：笔试科目北京理工大学外国语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学参考书目616基础英语无参考书目854英语专业综合(语言学、英美文学、英美概况)《语言学教程》北京大学出版社胡壮麟《英国文学史及选读》1、2册外语教学与研究出版社吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》1、2册外语教学与研究出版社吴伟仁《英语国家社会与文化入门》上、下册高等教育出版社朱永涛北京科技大学外国语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向： 01英汉语言比照分析02心理语言学03应用语言学与外语教学04社会语言学05系统功能语言学06语用学07翻译理论与实践研究初试科目：①101政治理论②213日语(二外)或214俄语(二外)或215德语(二外)或216法语(二外)③618基础英语④874综合英语北京科技大学外国语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学参考书目874综合英语《英语国家概况》(第二版) 外语教学研究出版社余志远主编;《美国文学简史》(第二版) 南开大学出版社常耀信主编;《语言学教程》(2001版) 北京大学出版社胡壮麟主编;《新编英国文学选读》(修订版) 北京大学出版社罗经国主编618基础英语《本课程为水平考试》不依据任何一教科书命题北京邮电大学语言学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：01英美文学 02翻译初试科目：①101统考政治②212日语二外或213法语二外或214俄语二外③614英语语言基础④817英语语言学与文学基础北京邮电大学语言学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学参考书目212日语二外《中日交流标准日本语》〔初级1、2册，中级1、2册〕人民教育出版社中日合作编写213法语二外《大学法语简明教程》外语教学与研究出版社〔近年版〕薛建成《法语TEF考试冲刺教程》〔上、下〕外语教学与研究出版社2003年1月童佩智《研究生法语》〔第二外语〕下册北京大学出版社王庭荣614英语语言基础《高级英语》〔修订本〕外语教学与研究出版社〔第一版〕张汉熙，王立礼《Reader’817英语语言学与文学基础《语言学教程》〔修订版〕北京大学出版社2001年第一版胡壮麟《美国文学选读》高等教育出版社〔2001年〕陶洁《英国文学选读》高等教育出版社〔2001年〕王守仁对外经济贸易大学英语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向： 01语言学 02英美文学 03英语国家研究初试科目：①101政治理论②272二外俄语或273二外法语或274二外德语或275二外日语或277二外西语③761基础英语④861综合英语对外经济贸易大学英语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学参考书目《高级英语》〔1-2册〕外语教学与研究出版社张汉熙《商务英语阅读》高等教育出版社2002 王关富《英语国家社会与文化入门》高等教育出版社1998 朱永涛《大学英汉翻译教程》〔第二版〕对外经济贸易大学出版社2004 王恩冕等《简明法语教程》〔上、下册〕商务印书馆1996 孙辉标准日本语〔初级上下册、中级上册〕人民教育出版社1990北京外国语大学英语学院英语语言文学2009年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：翻译理论与实践〔笔译〕1、Bassnett, Susan. 《翻译研究》Translation Studies. 上海外语教育出版社.2004.2、Gentzler, Edwin .《当代翻译理论〔第二版修订本〕》Contemporary Translation Theories (Revised Second Edition). 上海外语教育出版社.2004.北京第二外国语大学英语系英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：01英美社会文化 02理论语言学及应用语言学 03英美文学 04翻译理论与实践初试科目： 212日 213法 214德 215俄 216西〔任选〕611 基础英语 811 综合考试〔英1〕复试备注： 1. 611基础英语：语法、词汇30分、完形填空30分、阅读理解30分、段落翻译30分、命题作文30分。

新编英美概况(许鲁之)Chapter 3 word for PPT

Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization1American Indians and Great Discoveries☐From 40,000 to 10,000 B. C. a land bridge existed between Asia and Alaska.☐when the glaciers of the last Ice Age were at their peak which caused the level of the Bering Sea to lower more than 300 feet. It was across this land bridge, which may have measured more than 1000 miles wide, that the Asian hunters traveled in search of food.☐The first known inhabitants of modern-day United States territory are believed to have arrived over a period of several thousand years beginning sometime prior to 15,000 - 50,000 years ago from eastern Siberia by crossing Beringia into Alaska.☐Solid evidence of these cultures settling in what would become the US is dated to around 14,000 years ago.They might belong to the Mongoloid peoples.☐all land travel ended between 10,000 and 9000 B. C.☐They were divided into a great number of tribes who spoke different languges. By the 15th C there erer 15 to 20 million ingabitants in Americas.☐It is plausible that a Japanese of Chinese fishing craft, or even a Polynesian outrigger舷外支架canoe, may have drifted across the Pacific to the New World.☐There is some evidence that Irish or Welsh monks may have been the first non-Indian discoverers of the New World.☐between the years A.D. 450 and 500 Buddhist monks under the leadership of Hwui Shan traveled eastward from China to a land they called Fu-Sang.☐The origin of the California redwood or Monterey cypress(大果柏).☐They also tried to convert local Indians to Buddhism but failed and returned home.☐About A.D. 985 Eric the Red visited and colonized Greenland. About 1000 A.D. Leif Ericson, the son of Eric, driven by adventure and strong winds, sailed again the arrived at land in the West. Although the Norse indeed may have reached the east coast of the United States, they were forced to abandon their settlements.Factors Led to the European Discovery1.Renaissance and Reformation = the great spirit of adventure and enthusiasm whichswept Europe. The Renaissancesecularized the way people thought.2.The rise of Nation-Sates. By the 1400s France, England, and Spain were ruledby ambitious kings and queens. For one thing, Venice had built a monopoly on eh Mediterranean trade and kept others from sharing this wealth. Eastern goods were in great demand in Europe, and Venice, being the chief source of supply, could charge high prices in this trade. As England, France, Spain and Portugal emerged as nations, they want ed to break through Venice’s hold on the profitable trade and to get their fair share of it. Their ships could not compete in the Mediterranean so they sent out explorarers to sek other route to the East.3.Sailors deared to take long ocean voyages because of the improvements in navigationand naval architecture.4.Life on land was hard and uncertain.Christopher Columbus☐born in Genoa☐worked on Portuguese ships for nearly nine years.☐Columbus believed Europeans would arrive at the riches of the Orient--- referred to as the "Indies."☐The Portuguese king, relying on advisers who reported that the world was much larger than Columbus believed, rejected his plan.☐Columbus then approached Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain,☐The commission given to him made him "Admiral to the Ocean Sea" and "Viceroy and Governor总督" of any islands or countries --- excluding Japan and China --- that he might occupy or possess.☐He was also to receive 10 percent of all wealth. He even carried letters of introduction to the Chinese emperors, a Latin passport, and sailors who could speak and write Arabic.☐He crossed the Atlantic, and after six long weeks, his ship arrived at San Salvador in the Bahamas on October 12, 1492.☐Just before his death he revised his geography and said that the earth "had the form of a pear ... upon one pat of which is a prominence like a woman's nipple." Ferdinand MagellanIn 1499, Amerigo Vespucci, also under the Spanish flag, sailed west and reached the continent of South America. It was he who showed that the land they arrived was a whole new continent lay between Europe and Asia. Before long it was named after him, America. ☐Portuguese navigator, set out from Spain in 1519.☐They reached the Philippines where Magellan was killed by the natives. They finally went back to Spain after 3 years.☐They proved that India could be reached by sailing west.Spanish Exploration☐After Columbus the Spanish expanded from the Caribbean islands to the mainland. ☐In the Spanish realm exploration soon was followed by settlement. From Florida to California the Spanish Empire in the United States emerged.French Exploration☐Jacques Cartier made the first of his three expeditions to the Gulf of St. Lawrence in search of the Northwest Passage.☐He opened the St. Lawrence to eventual settlement and paved the way for future expansion down the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, as well as westward to the Great Lakes.☐Samuel de Champlain pioneered the French empire.☐He made 11 trips of exploration to America.☐In 1608 he created a fort at Quebec, which soon became the permanent center of a French trapping and trading empire.English Exploration☐In 1497 John Cabot sailed west to try to discover the Northwest Passage.☐Drake was one of the most famous "seadogs," or pirates. On one trip in 1577 he traveled as far north in the Pacific and the present American-Canadian border and was then driven by weather to a bay just north of San Francisco, now referred to as Drake's Bay, where he left a plate as evidence of discovery.2Colonization of the New WorldThe ruling class of Europe fell upon this rich land greedily. Only fifty years after Columbus’s first voyage, the Spanish and Portuguses had overrun the vast land of what is now called Latin America.English Settlement☐during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, the English in growing numbers concluded that the New World was their best opportunity.☐The Enclosure Movement of the 1500s. "Hark, hark, the dogs do bark, the beggars are coming to town."☐"Why man, all their cooking pans are pure gold."☐In 1578 Humphrey Gilbert acquired a charter from Queen Elizabeth to settle "remote heathen and barbarous land.“☐Walter Raleigh sent out 117 men, women, and children to establish a colony on Roanoke Island, off the coast of North Carolina.☐☐Jamestown: In 1607, Jamestown was founded on the lower reaches of the ChesapeakeBay on a low swampy island.☐Within the first 6 months the population of 104 was cut in half.☐“dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold” but no gold was to be found.☐Great famine: man ate his wife.New England Colonies☐The Pilgrim Fathers built their first settlement which was named Plymouth.☐They came in 1620 in a tiny ship called the “Mayflower”. There were 102 people. During the trip the Mayflower was blown off the course and they finally lnded, far to the north of Virginia, in what is now Massachusetts. The Pilprims decided to to set up their own government. They wrote a now famous agreement called the “Mayflower Compact”. In this Compact they agreed to stick together, to abide by majority rule, and to have a right to shoose their own leader. This was the beginning of the American democracy.☐During the first icy winter in the dwelling place called Plymouth, the Pilgrims suffered much hardship and aout half of them died. When spring came, the Indians began to help them. The Indians showed them how to hunt, jish, and plant. The Pilgrims had a fine harvest of corn in fall. They were thankful. They made a feast and invited the Indians who helped them. This was the first Thanksgiving in North America.☐Boston☐Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, After America won its independence, two other states were created in their proximity with the names of Maine and Vermont☐The Other colonies of New England also were established by Puritans.☐New Hampshire and Maine were settled by devout Puritans who began to move north from Massachusetts.☐Rhode Island and Connecticut were established by dissatisfied Puritans. Maryland☐Maryland was granted by Charles I to his friend Lord Baltimore as a refuge for English Catholics.Lord Baltimore acquired a charter from him for land in northern Virginia. The King's lack of geographic knowledge was revealed in the charter that granted Baltimore theentire Potomac river (both banks). This ignorant decision led to the oldest local dispute in American history. The charter given to Baltimore made him the proprietor, or controller, of the colony; he had almost absolute power, with only two limitations -- that two Indian arrows were to be given yearly to the King and that laws passed had to be approved by the people living there.The first Lord Baltimore died before actual settlement; it was the second Lord Baltimore that sent the vessels Ark and Dove to found Maryland in 1633.☐Pennsylvania☐founded by another group of English Puritans called Quakers, or the Society of Friends.☐In 1682 William Penn arrived in America on the ship Welcome and soon established one of the most liberal colonies, Pennsylvania, with its Quaker emphasis on religious and civil liberty.They believed in the idea of peace through brotherly love and wanted no formal pattern of worship. This was against the established rule of the Church of England. For this reason they suffered much persecution in England. Hundreds of Quakers were arrested, including William Penn, who spent two years in jail.William Pen was a Quaker. His father had been a close friend of Charles II and the king owed him much money. After his father's death, William Penn asked the king to give him some land in America and the king agreed.In 1682 William Penn arrived in America on on the ship Welcome and soon established one of the most liberal colonies, Pennsylvania, with its Quaker emphasis on religious and civil liberty.Penn then set up a colony on the land and called it Pennsylvania. Penn adopted a rather tolerant policy which welcomed any settlers who worshiped God. The result was the fast development of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, its capital town which was built according to Penn's careful plan, became one of the thriving centers of colonial America.His promotional literature brought such a diverse population from Europe that his settlement was known as "the melting pot,". Although the colony prospered, Penn himself did not, and he returned to England where he died in a debtor'sprison --- an institution that stimulated the founding of the last English colony, Georgia.☐New York, New Jersey and Delaware☐were not started by the English colonists. New York and New Jersey were first colonized by the Dutch, while Delaware was founded by the Swedish.But the English would never tolerate any intruder at their door. So they started a contest of strength and defeated their enemy. As a result, all these colonies were given to the English colonists.South Carolina and North Carolina☐were originally given by Charles II to eight of his close supporters.☐Georgia was the last of the thirteen English American colonies.☐A charter was obtained from King George II, and in 1733 Georgia, the criminal colony, was settled.In the 1700s England was becoming much more aware of the growing power in America of the Spanish Empire in the south and of the French Empire in the north. A barrier was needed between the colony of South Carolina and the Spanish settlement of Florida; such barrier also could satisfy a social need in England itself. A common practice at this time was to imprison a person for debt. These debtors' prisons were disease-ridden places where •Šstatistic jailers applied thumbscrews and strangled prisoners until blood flowed from their noses and ears. James Oglethorpe, a reformer and idealist, was moved deeply when one of his friends died in such a jail. He decided to organize a group of English •Šphilanthropists to form a colony in America that would serve as a barrier against the Spanish; the colony would be populated by prisoners.A charter was obtained from King George II, and in 1733 Georgia, the criminal colony, was settled. This Noble Experiment was both to noble and too restrictive. If you had lived in early Georgia you would have found no Catholics, no self-government, little private property, a price-wage freeze, no slavery, no hard liquor, mandatory military service, and a curfew. The goals of Oglethorpe and his friendswere high minded, but not too realistic . Gradually the restrictions were lessened, and the king took control of the colony.☐The Slave Trade☐triangular trade: because ship passage initially went from the colonies to the African coast and then to the West Indies or the South in shape of a triangle.☐The sixty-day voyage, or "middle passage," from Africa , which ended in the West Indies or the American mainland, was a living hell for the slaves and one of the cruelest aspects of colonial slavery.☐Mouth opener,☐suicide,☐revolt insurance,☐to keep the hands of the dead slaves to receive damages.☐There were instances where more than two-thirds of the slaves on a ship were dead by the time it arrive at the West Indies;☐the loss of half was not at all unusual.☐Some 50 million Africans died in transit. Ten million did survive to make it to Europe and to America.triangular trade: because ship passage initially went from the colonies to the African coast and then to the West Indies or the South in shape of a triangle. With rum, guns and gunpowder, utensils, textiles, and food, the trader left Boston, Salem, Providence. or Newport -- the leading slave ports of North America --- and arrived at a trading post in Africa. There he contacted the chief trader, who discussed price and arranged for an auction to be held.The sixty-day voyage, or "middle passage," from Africa , which ended in the West Indies or the American mainland, was a living hell for the slaves and one of the cruelest aspects of colonial slavery. The human cargo was packed aboard ship andchained together by twos, with hardly any room to stand, lie, or sit down. There between decks unbelievable atrocities occurred. One captain wrote, "The Negroes are so incident to the smallpox that few ships that carry them can escape without it."Mouth opener, suicide, revolt insurance, to keep the hands of the dead slaves to receive damages. There were instances where more than two-thirds of the slaves on a ship were dead by the time it arrive at the West Indies; the loss of half was not at all unusual. Some 50 million Africans died in transit. Ten million did survive to make it to Europe and to America. The trade system was a profit-making enterprise. Profits varied from 20 to 30 cents for every dollar invested.3Governmental and Social Structures of the 13 ColoniesThe 13 colonial governments presented a varied stucture.1.Royal colonies (8): the governments were appointed by the English King.2.Proprietary colonies业主殖民地, 特许殖民地(3): the governments wereunder proprietors who themselves chose the governors. (Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware)3.Self-governing colonies(2): elected their governors under felf-governing charters.(Connecticut and Rhode Island)Due to geographical economic and social factors, the 13 colonies developed in different diretions. The New England colonies, where the soil was thin and poor, were difficult of farming. So the Yankee farmers in New England were forced to become jack-of-all-trades. So industry developed quickly here.The middle colonies known as the breadbasket had a more favorable climate and soil and thus became the most productive area for general farming. The southern colonies developed a olantation system, the the exploitation of slave labor. Tobacco, cotton, were major crops.。

来安方《新编英美概况》(最新修订版)配套题库【章节题库(含名

来安方《新编英美概况》（最新修订版）配套题库【章节题
库（含名Байду номын сангаас
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
03 目录分析 05 精彩摘录
目录
02 内容摘要 04 读书笔记 06 作者介绍
思维导图
本书关键字分析思维导图
真题
历史
章节
历年
新编
概况
政府
题库
修订版
模块第章
英国
修订版
模块
英美
补充
概况
材料
修订版
内容摘要
本书是来安方《新编英美概况》（最新修订版）的配套题库，包括以下几个方面的内容：模块一是章节题库，严格按照来安方《新编英美概况》（最新修订版）的章目编排，共8章（分为两部分，第一部分是英国文化，共4 章；第二部分是美国文化，共4章），精选与各章内容配套的习题进行详解；我们还从指定来安方主编的《新编英美概况》（最新修订版）为考研参考书目的名校历年考研真题中，挑选有代表性的考研真题，并对所选考研真题进行了详细的解答，所选试题基本涵盖了每章的考点和难点。模块二是模拟试题，根据各校历年考研真题的命题规律，精选教材中的重要考点，精心编写了两套模拟试题，并进行了详细的解答。
目录分析
第一部分英国
第二部分美国
第1章土地和人民第2章英国历史第3章政治、政府及教育第4章补充材料
第1章总括第2章美国的历史第3章政府形式和社会生活第4章补充材料
来安方《新编英美概况》
（最新修订版）考研模拟试题及详解（一）
来安方《新编英美概况》（最新修订版）考研模拟试题及详解（二）
读书笔记
这是《来安方《新编英美概况》（最新修订版）配套题库【章节题库（含名校考研真题）＋模拟试题】》的读书笔记模板，可以替换为自己的心得。

许鲁之 - 聊城大学外国语学院 School of Foreign

许鲁之
男，1979年毕业于聊城师范学院，留校任教至今。

现为聊城大学外国语学院教授，硕士生导师，山东省外国语言学学会翻译专业委员会常务理事。

1981年9月至1982年2月在山东大学外语系参加高教部主办的英语教学法培训班学习；1986年7月至1987年7月在华东师范大学外语系进修；1997年8月至1998年9月在美国俄亥俄州立大学英语系作访问学者。

目前为本科生讲授“英美概况”和“英汉翻译”课；为研究生讲授“翻译概论”、“翻译理论与实践”、“当代西方翻译理论”、“英汉笔译实务”等。

2002年主讲的“英美概况”课被评为聊城大学校级重点建设课程，2009年该课程被评为聊城大学精品课程。

主持聊城大学科研立项一项，出版专著三部，参编教材两部，发表学术论文20余篇。

自编教材《新编英美概况》1994年获聊城大学优秀科研成果专著二等奖，2008年获山东省高校优秀教材二等奖。

2008年获聊城大学“师德标兵”称号。

2009年被评为聊城大学第三届教学名师。

新编英美概况许鲁之（第四版）Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案

as then poor and poli cally fragmented, It was beset by local wars and civil disorder and largely illiterate. In short, Europe was then incapable of responding to the Norse discoveries.
Chapter 4 American Revolu on
2. What happened on the evening of March 5, 1770? A clash between American colonies and Bri sh soldiers took place in Boston.
①The people of the US are predominantly white. ②The second most numerous minority in the US were the black people whose forefathers came from
Africa.
from La n American countries.
⑤The Chinese American have proved to be industrious and intelligent.
2. What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the United States?
3. Why do many Americans now migrate from ci es to suburbs?
①The widespread uses of automobiles and the construc on of express highways made it possible for

新编英美概况-许鲁之(第四版)课后习题选择填空

新编英美概况-许鲁之(第四版)课后习题选择填空1. 课程简介本文档是根据《新编英美概况-许鲁之(第四版)》编写的课后习题选择填空。

该课程是许鲁之教授在英美历史和文化方面的经典教材之一，通过本文档的学习和练习，读者可以更好地理解和掌握相关知识点。

2. 选择填空题2.1. 第一部分：英国概况1.哪一位国王被认为是英国“现代化建设的推动者”?– A. 亨利八世– B. 亨利七世– C. 伊丽莎白一世– D. 维多利亚女王2.英国哪个城市被称为“工业革命的摇篮”?– A. 伦敦– B. 曼彻斯特– C. 利物浦– D. 伯明翰3.英国的民主制度以哪个文件为基础?– A. 大宪章– B. 1689年权利法案– C. 《英国的民主传统》– D. 《英国的自由原则》4.英格兰哪位国王正式建立了英国教会?– A. 亨利八世– B. 威廉一世– C. 亨利七世– D. 爱德华六世5.英国是欧洲历史上第一个工业化国家，其工业革命始于哪个时期?– A. 16世纪– B. 17世纪– C. 18世纪– D. 19世纪2.2. 第二部分：美国概况1.第一次旅行到美洲的欧洲人是谁?– A. 克里斯多福·哥伦布– B. 弥尔顿·费尔南德斯·迪阿齐·巴尔博亚– C. 约翰·卡贝萨·德巴卡– D. 亨利·亨廷顿2.美国独立战争爆发于哪一年?– A. 1620– B. 1765– C. 1776– D. 17873.美国的第一部宪法是什么?– A. 《独立宣言》– B. 《权利法案》– C. 《美国宪法》– D. 《联邦党人文集》4.南北战争爆发于哪一年?– A. 1803– B. 1861– C. 1889– D. 19045.美国内战是因为什么原因?– A. 北方州主张废除奴隶制– B. 南方州主张扩大奴隶制– C. 为了争夺西部领土– D. 统一国家领土3. 结语通过上述习题选择填空的练习，读者可以更好地掌握《新编英美概况-许鲁之(第四版)》中关于英国和美国的重要知识点。

新编英美概况许鲁之课后答案

Chapter 11-8 CDBACBBB二．1.Canada Mexico the Cuff of Mexico Atlantic Ocean The Pacific Ocean2.The Atlantic seacoast west to the Appalachians The Mississippi River Basin The Rockies west to the Pacific3.flat fertile4.productive fruits vegetables5.Louisiana Texas Texas Oklahoma California insufficient 40%6.little fresh 12% richest productiveChapter21-8CBDACDCB二．1.third2. 1875 permanent residence morality race national origin skilled relatives 270,000 7000,000675,0003.indentured servants slaves 1863 South poverty line4.industrious intelligent model minoritytwice1-8DABBBCDC二1.Portuguese the Cape of God Hope Spain the Caribbean West Indians2.Amerigo West Indians3.the Virginia Coast pilgrims May flower Compact4.a.appointed by the English king b.under proprietors who themselves chose the governorsc.select governors under self-governing charters5.fishing shipbuilding breadbasket wheat potatoes plantation tobacco cottonChapter41-8BBCDDDBA二1.control complement2.France Currency Stamp3.seaport and Provincial town Stamp violent4.1774 peaceful give boycott5.1776 the first declaration of the rights of the individual6.7 1781 1783 Mississippi RiverGreat Lakes Florida slaves1-8DDDCBDC二．1.legislature executive judicial tax2.1787 55 Rhode Island George Washington3.opposed decentralized4.1788 John Adams Alexander Hamilton Tomas Jefferson5.Louisiana purchase 828000 doubled6. second war of Independence 3 unity patriotism semi-colonial independent（注：专业文档是经验性极强的领域，无法思考和涵盖全面，素材和资料部分来自网络，供参考。

门罗宣言

Name: KalyClass: Education 1Date: July 3rd, 2014The Origin and Essence of Monroe Doctrine---American’s Development of Expansionism Nowadays, America has become a superpower in the world, The Declaration of Independence in 1776 announced a new nation’s birth. However, with a pitiful history of only about 270 years, America stands firm in the family of nations. We cannot deny the fact that any new nation, at the beginning of its foundation will be under great pressure from the whole world. And America is no exception. Throughout the history of America, the Monroe Doctrine plays an important role in its progress. From isolationism to the expansionism, there are trace of the Monroe Doctrine. Even in the 21st century it also has the unique influence on America foreign policy.With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the governments whohave declared their independence and maintained it, and whoseindependence we have... Acknowledged, we could not view any interpositionfor the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner theirdestine by any European power in any other light than as the manifestationof an unfriendly disposition toward the United States.(Monroe Doctrine) From the doctrine, we can perceive that it expressed a spirit of solidarity with thenewly independent republics of Latin America. And at that specific time, those nations ,in turn recognized their political affinity with the United States by basing their new constitutions, in many instances, on the North American model.During the opening decades of the 19th century, Central and South America turned to revolution. And the American people took a deep interest in what seemed a repetition of their experience in breaking away from European rule. At the same time, the Latin American independence movements confirmed their own belief in self- government. And also at just this point, Russia, Prussia and Austria formed an association called the Holy Alliance to protect themselves against Latin America revolutions. All of these added to the background of Monroe Doctrine. So, President Monroe took the occasion of his annual message to Congress to pronounce what would become known as the Monroe Doctrine --- the refusal to tolerate any further extension of European domination in the Americans.Non-colonization, Non-intervention, America for Americans are the three basic principles of Monroe Doctrine. And the essence of the doctrine was America for Americans , which later became a cornerstone of the US foreign policy. However, with the development of the New World , the Monroe Doctrine needed a broader interpretation to meet the needs of an energetic and ambitious United States.Non-colonization, to some extent, does not mean anti-colonization. This principle was announced by America, when she did not have enough power to compete with the European countries, especially the Holy Alliance. We can draw a conclusion that the basic spirit of this principle is maintaining the current situation of the Americancolonies, not completely denying the colonialism.Non-intervention , it includes two aspects: Non-intervention and intervention. Non-intervention indicates non-intervention of America in European affairs and also European in American colonies. And intervention indicates the America to the affairs of American colonies. So, when we interpret the Non-intervention like this, it is not difficult to understand American’s expansi onism and power politics in the American colonies (Luo,rongqu P199).Also the last one, America for Americans is the foundation of the former two principles. Well, if we understand it as though the American continent is for all the people there, maybe that is not exactly true. If we say the American continent is just for American people, that will be better. So, the claims of the Monroe Doctrine, to some extent, is the initial theoretical preparation for American’s fighting for the supremacy in West Hemisphere.And when America entered the 21st century, the Secretary of State John Forbes Kerry announced that the era of Monroe Doctrine had ended. Maybe we should have a deep thinking about it: Can the Monroe Doctrine be truly ended? With the global system of fission and the spring up of regionalism, both America and other Latin America are trying to redefine their relationship. However, with the balance of power not changing, the Monroe Doctrine still plays a very crucial role in America.The Monroe Doctrine is a very important and famous foreign policy in the history of US diplomacy. And it also has a deep impact on the American foreign policy since published. Because it witnesses the country from a small union to the today’ssuperpower nation in the world. And it also witnesses American’s power and ambition. Although we can not exactly anticipate where it will lead America, the influence of it has been witnessed by people all around the world.Works citedGuan.Qi, trans. American A Narrative History 4. By Tindall, George Brown, and David Emory Shi. 2012.Luo, RongQo 罗荣渠. Meiguo LIshi Tonglun 美国历史通论(A General survey of American History). Beijing: Peking UP, 2009.Liu, Jun, trans. America The Last Best Hope. By William J. Bennett.Mao, LiQun 毛立群. Meilijian Wenming 美利坚文明(American Civilization). 2010. Xu, LiZhi 许鲁之. Xinbian Yingmei Gaikuang 新编英美概况(Understanding the US and the UK). 2012Zhang, Ke 张克. Meiguonexieshier 美国那些事儿(American History). Beijing.2010。

新编英美概况许鲁之

Chapter 1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1.Choose the correct answer1-8 CDBACBBB2.fill in the blanks1.Canada\Mexico\the Cuff of Mexico\Atlantic Ocean\the Pacific Ocean2.The Atlantic seacoast west to the Appalachains\The Mississippi River Basin\The Rockies west to the Pacific3.most densely\flat\fertile4.productive\fruits\vegetables5.Louisiana\Texas\Texas\Oklahoma\California\insufficient\40%6.little\fresh\12%\richest\productiveChapter 2 American Population1.Choose the correct answer1-8 CBDACDCB2.fill in the blanks1.third\2502.1875\permanent residence\morality\race\nationalorigin\nationalorigin\skilled\relatives\270,000\700,000\675,0003.indentured servants\slaves\18634.South\poverty line5.industrious\intelligent\modle minority\twice3.Question for discussion1.Why is the US known as a "melting pot"?Answer:The United States is known as a "melting pot",meaning that it is composed of immigrants from different nations all over the world.3.Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs?Answer:The widespread use of automobiles and the construction of express highways made it possible for people to live farther away from their jobs.The telephone reduces the need for them to work or live in close proximity to one another.Besides these economic and techonological changes, important social factors were involved.Subruban areas offered more living space than cities,lower crime rates,less pollution,and superior schools.It is generally believed that they are a better place for rising children.Indian ReservationAnswer:Ever since the discocery of the New World in 1492, the Indians have been cruelly treated. They were driven to barren desert regions, the so-called "Indian Reservations".The reservations usually lack adequate health care facilities, educational opportunities,decent housing,and jobs.HispanicsAnswer:They are the Spanish-speaking immigrants from Latin American countries. The majority traces their roots to Mexico, Pueto Rico,or Cuba.Chapter3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World1.Choose the correct answer1-8 DABBBCDC2.fill in the blanks1.Portuguese\the Cape of Good Hope\Spain\Atlantic\the Cartbbean\West Indians2.Amerigo Vespueci\America3.the Virginia Coast\pilgrims\Mayflower Compact4.appoined by the English King\under proprietors who themselves chose the governors\select governors under self-governing charters5.fishing\shipbuilding\breadbasket\wheat\potatoes\plantation\ tobacco\cotton3.Question for discussion4.What was the social structure of the 13 colonies?Answer:Society in the 13 colonies was like a pytamid.The top was made up of merchants and landlords.The base was made up of refugees from Europe, black slaves from Africa,and native Indians.5.Why did not the American Indians become slaves during thecolonies days?Answer:They could not put up with slaves. If an Indian was enslaved, his fellow tribe menbers would fight to free him.So the colonialists soon gave up the attempt to use themas slave labor.Instead they seized the land of the Indiansand drove them away or killed them.Mayflower CompactAnswer:It is signed by the pilgrims, establishing a form oflocal government in which the colonists agree to stick together,to abide by majority rule,to have the right to choose their leader and cooperate for the general good for the colony. The Compact sets the precedent for other colonies as they set up governments.This was the beginningof the US democracy.Thanks-giving dayAnswer:In 1620,the puritans in the Mayflower came the Rocky coast of what is now Massachusetts.They suffered the first cold ter with the help and advice of the native Indians,the Pilgrim Fathers planted corn and other crops.They reaped a good harvest the following year, and in October,1621,to celebrate this good harvest, the Pilgrims held a feast which featured wild turkey.They called this their Thanks-giving Day.It falls on the 4th Thursday of November.。

新编英美概况许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案

Unit 1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1. How many states are there in the United States? And which two states are geographically separated from the others? (50, Alaska, Hawaii)2. What are the general characters of the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains.1) To the west of Atlantic coastal plain lie the Appalachian Mountains that begin in Canada and reach all the way to Georgia and Alabama. These are old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, usually not exceeding 800m in height. The highest point is only 2000m above the sea. Most of the mountain ridges are low enough to be easily crossed by modern highways. The Appalachians have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts. The Ohio and the Tennessee Rivers flow down the western slopes of the Appalachians to the great Mississippi River, deep in the heart of America.2) To the west of the Great Plains lie the Rocky Mountains, “the backbone of the continent”. These high mountains stretch all the way from Mexico to the Arctic and form what is known as Continental Divide, or Great Divide, the most important watershed on the continent. The Rockies are more than twice as high as the Appalachians and high enough to receive more rain than the surrounding plains and plateaus. Consequently, they are mostly forested. The striking and varied scenery of the Rockies has given rise to the establishment of many national parks here. The other natural wonders include roaming herds of buffalo, elk, deer, antelope and sheep, as well as the famous grizzly bear.Chapter 2 American Population1.Why is the United States known as a “melting pot”?It means that the US is composed of immigrants from different nations all over the world.①The people of the US are predominantly white.②The second most numerous minority in the US were the black people whose forefathers came fromAfrica.③American Indians were the original inhabitants on the continent.④There were about 50.5 million Hispanics in 2010 in the US. They are the Spanish-speaking immigrantsfrom Latin American countries.⑤The Chinese American have proved to be industrious and intelligent.2.What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the United States?①The desire for economic betterment is generally the most important force inducing migration.②Geographic difference in economic opportunity, as reflected by such factors as differences inemployment opportunities and earning power for workers and differences in the availability and the price of land for farmers.③Noneconomic factors. Such as climate, racial attitudes, and family tires, influencing migration.3.Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs?①The widespread uses of automobiles and the construction of express highways made it possible forpeople to live farther away from their jobs.②The telephone reduced the need for them to work or live in close proximity to one another.③Suburban areas offered more living space than cities, lower crime rates, less pollution, and superiorschools. It is generally believed that they are better place for raising children.Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World1. Discuss the pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas.1) The Aztecs of Mexico2) The Incas of Peru3) The Indians of North America4) Indian contributions to European culture: Foods, Drugs and Utilitarian objects2. Why did the discoveries of New World before Columbus not exert great influence in the world at that time?Because Europe was then poor and politically fragmented, It was beset by local wars and civil disorder and largely illiterate. In short, Europe was then incapable of responding to the Norse discoveries.3.Why did so many English people move to the New World in the 17th century?1) The New World was a great and rich land. In the New World there were all those resources necessary for agricultural and industrial development.2)During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1588-1603), the English in growing numbers realized that the New World was their best place to make their fortunes, and to worship and live according to their beliefs.3)Some of them might move to America to leave oppressive political institutions, to escape burdensome church duties, to acquire large landholdings or merely to change their general pattern of living. Of course, material gain was a common factor.4. What was the social structure of the 13 colonies?Society in the l3 colonies was like a pyramid.①The top was made up of merchants and landlords.②The base was made up of refugees from Europe, black slaves from Africa. And native Indians.5.Why did not the American Indians become slaves during the colonial days?As for Indians, they could not put up with slavery. If an Indian was enslaved, his fellow tribe members would fight to free him. So the colonialists soon gave up the attempt to use them as slave labor. Instead they seized the land of the Indians and drove them away or killed them.Chapter 4 American Revolution2. What happened on the evening of March 5, 1770?A clash between American colonies and British soldiers took place in Boston.①A group of unemployed laborer attacked a British sentry stationed at the Boston customhouse.②When the British soldiers dispatched to help the sentry arrived, they met a rapidly growing, angry crowd.③Someone gave the command for the soldiers to fire.④Three colonies were killed and several were wounded, two of whom later died.3. How did the colonies react to the Townshend Act?The colonies, however, still rejected the idea that the Parliament in Britain had the right to tax them without consent and reacted to these new duties by refusing to import any of the taxed goods.4. What were the main contents of the Declaration of Independence?①The Preamble, which explains why the Declaration was issued.②A statement of principles of government to which the American people were committed③A list of injustices suffered by the colonists.④A summary of efforts the colonies had made to avoid a break with the mother country.⑤The proclamation is that the “Colonies are Free and Independent States”5. What was the importance of the victory at Saratoga?The victory and Saratoga wa s a turning point of the war. It further heightened the spirit of the Americans, but more importantly it caused action abroad. It was after this battle that the French agreed to join the war against Britain. Later Spain and Holland joined France while most of the other European powers formed an Armed Neutrality to protect their commerce from Britain’s naval power.Chapter 5 the Confederation and the Constitution1. What is confederation?A confederation is a government in which the constituent governments, called states in the US, create a central government by constitutional compact but do not give it power to regulate the conduct ofindividuals.2. Compare the powers of the governments under the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.3. What does the “check and balance” mean?It means that each branch of government-executive, legislative, or judicial-must exercise distinct powers and be selected in a distinct way, and that each branch must be able to “check and balance” the others if one branch grew too powerful and sought to dominate the others.4. What was the Bill of Rights?It guaranteed freedom of speech, religion, peaceful assembly, and the press; the right to bear arms; freedom from unreasonable search; and the right to the protection of certain legal procedures known as the due process of law.5. What were the chief causes of the War of 1812?①The British were not reconciled to the loss of their thirteen colonies. Using Canada as the base, they always challenged to battle with the young Republic.②This anger reaches its peak in 1807 when one British warship attached and boarded in American ship, killing and wounding 21men and impressing four sailors.③Jefferson persuaded Congress to pass an Embargo Act, which forbade all ships, except foreign ones without charge, to leave American ports.Chapter 6 American Expansion and the Civil War1. What was the importance of the Monroe Doctrine?The essence was” America for Americans”, which later became a cornerstone of the US foreign policy. As the New world developed in the years ahead this Doctrine became more meaningful and was strengthened by a broader interpretation to meet the needs of an energetic and ambitious United States.2. What were the basic causes of the Civil War?Two different social-economic systems existed side by side in the United States.In the South slavery was the foundation of the economic system while in the North industry and commerce were the main character of its economy. The swiftly growing industries in the North required the restriction of slavery as well as an expanding territory in order to provide capitalist production with raw materials, markets and abundant labor supply.The slave economy in the South was an obstacle to industrial growth and expansion. This economic antagonism led to increased conflicts between the North and the South.3. What was the doctrine of the “popular sovereignty”?This doctrine means that the inhabitants of the new territories can decide the question of slavery for themselves. In appearance, it seemed fair, but in actual practice, as far as slavery was concerned, the doctrine did not work.4. How do you comment on the American Civil War?The outcome of the war placed the northern capitalists in solid control of the federal government of the US capitalism. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted, which freed all slaves throughout the United States.Chapter 7 Reconstruction and the Birth of US Imperialism1. What is the 10 percent plan?The plan provided that as soon as 10 percent of voters in any state had taken the oath of loyalty, they could form their own government and would be entitled to the recognition of their state by the president of the United States.2. Why was Andrew Johnson impeached by the House?In March 1867, Congress passed two Acts that took away two presidential prerogatives: the right to remove Cabinet members and the right to remove army officers under his command.To test the constitutionality of the Act, President Andrew Johnson removes Edwin M. Stanton, the Secretaryof War, from office in1869, who was the only remaining Radical in Johnson’s Cabinet.He thus walked into troubles with the radicals. Later the House voted to impeach the President.3. After the Reconstruction, how were the civil rights of the Blacks in the South?①Voters must be able to read and write;②Voting taxes were introduced;③The whites also took steps to segregate the blacks and two separate societies emerged in the South.4. Why did the US have a rapid industrial growth after the Civil War?①The vast industrial development began with the opening the West.②Speeding this process of western settlement were the railroads.③Science and technology were also greatly marching forward.④The basic industry of the nation, iron and steel, also developed rapidly after the Civil War.⑤The oil industry also developed rapidly.⑥During the latter part of the 19th industry, industrial expansion in America went ahead rapidly.⑦There was a clear indication of rapid concentration of capital.6. What was the “Open Door Policy”?The so-called “Open Door Policy”which demanded that all the imperialist powers should enjoy equal chance in China as freely as other aggressors.。

新编英美概况-许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案

$Unit 1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1. How many states are there in the United States And which two states are geographically separated from the others (50, Alaska, Hawaii)2. What are the general characters of the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains.1) To the west of Atlantic coastal plain lie the Appalachian Mountains that begin in Canada and reach all the way to Georgia and Alabama. These are old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, usually not exceeding 800m in height. The highest point is only 2000m above the sea. Most of the mountain ridges are low enough to be easily crossed by modern highways. The Appalachians have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts. The Ohio and the Tennessee Rivers flow down the western slopes of the Appalachians to the great Mississippi River, deep in the heart of America.2) To the west of the Great Plains lie the Rocky Mountains, “the backbone of the continent”. These high mountains stretch all the way from Mexico to the Arctic and form what is known as Continental Divide, or Great Divide, the most important watershed on the continent. The Rockies are more than twice as high as the Appalachians and high enough to receive more rain than the surrounding plains and plateaus. Consequently, they are mostly forested. The striking and varied scenery of the Rockies has given rise to the establishment of many national parks here. The other natural wonders include roaming herds of buffalo, elk, deer, antelope and sheep, as well as the famous grizzly bear.Chapter 2 American Population1.Why is the United States known as a “melting pot”》It means that the US is composed of immigrants from different nations all over the world.①The people of the US are predominantly white.②The second most numerous minority in the US were the black people whose forefatherscame from Africa.③American Indians were the original inhabitants on the continent.④There were about million Hispanics in 2010 in the US. They are the Spanish-speakingimmigrants from Latin American countries.⑤The Chinese American have proved to be industrious and intelligent.2.What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the United States①The desire for economic betterment is generally the most important force inducingmigration.…②Geographic difference in economic opportunity, as reflected by such factors asdifferences in employment opportunities and earning power for workers and differences in the availability and the price of land for farmers.③Noneconomic factors. Such as climate, racial attitudes, and family tires, influencingmigration.3.Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs①The widespread uses of automobiles and the construction of express highways made itpossible for people to live farther away from their jobs.②The telephone reduced the need for them to work or live in close proximity to one another.③Suburban areas offered more living space than cities, lower crime rates, less pollution,and superior schools. It is generally believed that they are better place for raising children.Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World…1. Discuss the pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas.1) The Aztecs of Mexico2) The Incas of Peru3) The Indians of North America4) Indian contributions to European culture: Foods, Drugs and Utilitarian objects2. Why did the discoveries of New World before Columbus not exert great influence in the world at that timeBecause Europe was then poor and politically fragmented, It was beset by local wars and civil disorder and largely illiterate. In short, Europe was then incapable of responding to the Norse discoveries.3.Why did so many English people move to the New World in the 17th century[1) The New World was a great and rich land. In the New World there were all those resources necessary for agricultural and industrial development.2)During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1588-1603), the English in growing numbers realized that the New World was their best place to make their fortunes, and to worship and live according to their beliefs.3)Some of them might move to America to leave oppressive political institutions, to escape burdensome church duties, to acquire large landholdings or merely to change their general pattern of living. Of course, material gain was a common factor.4. What was the social structure of the 13 coloniesSociety in the l3 colonies was like a pyramid.①The top was made up of merchants and landlords.②The base was made up of refugees from Europe, black slaves from Africa. And native Indians.5.Why did not the American Indians become slaves during the colonial days&As for Indians, they could not put up with slavery. If an Indian was enslaved, his fellow tribe members would fight to free him. So the colonialists soon gave up the attempt to use them as slave labor. Instead they seized the land of the Indians and drove them away or killed them.Chapter 4 American Revolution2. What happened on the evening of March 5, 1770A clash between American colonies and British soldiers took place in Boston.①A group of unemployed laborer attacked a British sentry stationed at the Boston customhouse.②When the British soldiers dispatched to help the sentry arrived, they met a rapidly growing, angry crowd.③Someone gave the command for the soldiers to fire.￥④Three colonies were killed and several were wounded, two of whom later died.3. How did the colonies react to the Townshend ActThe colonies, however, still rejected the idea that the Parliament in Britain had the right to tax them without consent and reacted to these new duties by refusing to import any of the taxed goods.4. What were the main contents of the Declaration of Independence①The Preamble, which explains why the Declaration was issued.②A statement of principles of government to which the American people were committed③A list of injustices suffered by the colonists.④A summary of efforts the colonies had made to avoid a break with the mother country. }⑤The proclamation is that the “Colonies are Free and Independent States”5. What was the importance of the victory at SaratogaThe victory and Saratoga wa s a turning point of the war. It further heightened the spirit of the Americans, but more importantly it caused action abroad. It was after this battle that the French agreed to join the war against Britain. Later Spain and Holland joined France while most of the other European powers formed an Armed Neutrality to protect their commerce from Britain’s naval power.Chapter 5 the Confederation and the Constitution1. What is confederationA confederation is a government in which the constituent governments, called states in the US, create a central government by constitutional compact but do not give it power to regulate the conduct of individuals.2. Compare the powers of the governments under the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.&3. What does the “check and balance” meanIt means that each branch of government-executive, legislative, or judicial-must exercise distinct powers and be selected in a distinct way, and that each branch must be able to “check and balance”the others if one branch grew too powerful and sought to dominate the others.4. What was the Bill of RightsIt guaranteed freedom of speech, religion, peaceful assembly, and the press; the right to bear arms; freedom from unreasonable search; and the right to the protection of certain legal procedures known as the due process of law.5. What were the chief causes of the War of 1812①The British were not reconciled to the loss of their thirteen colonies. Using Canada as the base, they always challenged to battle with the young Republic.②This anger reaches its peak in 1807 when one British warship attached and boarded in American ship, killing and wounding 21men and impressing four sailors.③Jefferson persuaded Congress to pass an Embargo Act, which forbade all ships, except foreign ones without charge, to leave American ports.？Chapter 6 American Expansion and the Civil War1. What was the importance of the Monroe DoctrineThe essence was”America for Americans”, which later became a cornerstone of the US foreign policy. As the New world developed in the years ahead this Doctrine became more meaningful and was strengthened by a broader interpretation to meet the needs of an energetic and ambitious United States.2. What were the basic causes of the Civil WarTwo different social-economic systems existed side by side in the United States.In the South slavery was the foundation of the economic system while in the North industry and commerce were the main character of its economy. The swiftly growing industries in the North required the restriction of slavery as well as an expanding territory in order to provide capitalist production with raw materials, markets and abundant labor supply.The slave economy in the South was an obstacle to industrial growth and expansion. This economic antagonism led to increased conflicts between the North and the South."3. What was the doctrine of the “popular sovereignty”This doctrine means that the inhabitants of the new territories can decide the question of slavery for themselves. In appearance, it seemed fair, but in actual practice, as far as slavery was concerned, the doctrine did not work.4. How do you comment on the American Civil WarThe outcome of the war placed the northern capitalists in solid control of the federal government of the US capitalism. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted, which freed all slaves throughout the United States.Chapter 7 Reconstruction and the Birth of US Imperialism1. What is the 10 percent planThe plan provided that as soon as 10 percent of voters in any state had taken the oath of loyalty, they could form their own government and would be entitled to the recognition of their state by the president of the United States.)2. Why was Andrew Johnson impeached by the HouseIn March 1867, Congress passed two Acts that took away two presidential prerogatives: the right to remove Cabinet members and the right to remove army officers under his command. To test the constitutionality of the Act, President Andrew Johnson removes Edwin M. Stanton, the Secretary of War, from office in1869, who was the only remaining Radical in Johnson’s Cabinet.He thus walked into troubles with the radicals. Later the House voted to impeach the President.3. After the Reconstruction, how were the civil rights of the Blacks in the South①Voters must be able to read and write;②Voting taxes were introduced;③The whites also took steps to segregate the blacks and two separate societies emerged in the South.4. Why did the US have a rapid industrial growth after the Civil War①The vast industrial development began with the opening the West.②Speeding this process of western settlement were the railroads.③Science and technology were also greatly marching forward.④The basic industry of the nation, iron and steel, also developed rapidly after the Civil War.⑤The oil industry also developed rapidly.⑥During the latter part of the 19th industry, industrial expansion in America went ahead rapidly.⑦There was a clear indication of rapid concentration of capital.6. What was the “Open Door Policy”The so-called “Open Door Policy” which demanded that all the imperialist powers should enjoy equal chance in China as freely as other aggressors.。

新编英美概况许鲁之(第四版)unit17课后习题简答题答案教学内容

Unit 1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1. How many states are there in the United States? And which two states are geographically separated from the others? (50, Alaska, Hawaii)2. What are the general characters of the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains.1) To the west of Atlantic coastal plain lie the Appalachian Mountains that begin in Canada and reach all the way to Georgia and Alabama. These are old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, usually not exceeding 800m in height. The highest point is only 2000m above the sea. Most of the mountain ridges are low enough to be easily crossed by modern highways. The Appalachians have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts. The Ohio and the Tennessee Rivers flow down the western slopes of the Appalachians to the great Mississippi River, deep in the heart of America.2) To the west of the Great Plains lie the Rocky Mountains, “the backbone of the continent”. These high mountains stretch all the way from Mexico to the Arctic and form what is known as Continental Divide, or Great Divide, the most important watershed on the continent. The Rockies are more than twice as high as the Appalachians and high enough to receive more rain than the surrounding plains and plateaus. Consequently, they are mostly forested. The striking and varied scenery of the Rockies has given rise to the establishment of many national parks here. The other natural wonders include roaming herds of buffalo, elk, deer, antelope and sheep, as well as the famous grizzly bear.Chapter 2 American Population1.Why is the United States known as a “melting pot”?It means that the US is composed of immigrants from different nations all over the world.①The people of the US are predominantly white.②The second most numerous minority in the US were the black people whose forefathers came fromAfrica.③American Indians were the original inhabitants on the continent.④There were about 50.5 million Hispanics in 2010 in the US. They are the Spanish-speaking immigrantsfrom Latin American countries.⑤The Chinese American have proved to be industrious and intelligent.2.What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the United States?①The desire for economic betterment is generally the most important force inducing migration.②Geographic difference in economic opportunity, as reflected by such factors as differences inemployment opportunities and earning power for workers and differences in the availability and the price of land for farmers.③Noneconomic factors. Such as climate, racial attitudes, and family tires, influencing migration.3.Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs?①The widespread uses of automobiles and the construction of express highways made it possible forpeople to live farther away from their jobs.②The telephone reduced the need for them to work or live in close proximity to one another.③Suburban areas offered more living space than cities, lower crime rates, less pollution, and superiorschools. It is generally believed that they are better place for raising children.Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World1. Discuss the pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas.1) The Aztecs of Mexico2) The Incas of Peru3) The Indians of North America4) Indian contributions to European culture: Foods, Drugs and Utilitarian objects2. Why did the discoveries of New World before Columbus not exert great influence in the world at that time?Because Europe was then poor and politically fragmented, It was beset by local wars and civil disorder and largely illiterate. In short, Europe was then incapable of responding to the Norse discoveries.3.Why did so many English people move to the New World in the 17th century?1) The New World was a great and rich land. In the New World there were all those resources necessary for agricultural and industrial development.2)During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1588-1603), the English in growing numbers realized that the New World was their best place to make their fortunes, and to worship and live according to their beliefs.3)Some of them might move to America to leave oppressive political institutions, to escape burdensome church duties, to acquire large landholdings or merely to change their general pattern of living. Of course, material gain was a common factor.4. What was the social structure of the 13 colonies?Society in the l3 colonies was like a pyramid.①The top was made up of merchants and landlords.②The base was made up of refugees from Europe, black slaves from Africa. And native Indians.5.Why did not the American Indians become slaves during the colonial days?As for Indians, they could not put up with slavery. If an Indian was enslaved, his fellow tribe members would fight to free him. So the colonialists soon gave up the attempt to use them as slave labor. Instead they seized the land of the Indians and drove them away or killed them.Chapter 4 American Revolution2. What happened on the evening of March 5, 1770?A clash between American colonies and British soldiers took place in Boston.①A group of unemployed laborer attacked a British sentry stationed at the Boston customhouse.②When the British soldiers dispatched to help the sentry arrived, they met a rapidly growing, angry crowd.③Someone gave the command for the soldiers to fire.④Three colonies were killed and several were wounded, two of whom later died.3. How did the colonies react to the Townshend Act?The colonies, however, still rejected the idea that the Parliament in Britain had the right to tax them without consent and reacted to these new duties by refusing to import any of the taxed goods.4. What were the main contents of the Declaration of Independence?①The Preamble, which explains why the Declaration was issued.②A statement of principles of government to which the American people were committed③A list of injustices suffered by the colonists.④A summary of efforts the colonies had made to avoid a break with the mother country.⑤The proclamation is that the “Colonies are Free and Independent States”5. What was the importance of the victory at Saratoga?The victory and Saratoga wa s a turning point of the war. It further heightened the spirit of the Americans, but more importantly it caused action abroad. It was after this battle that the French agreed to join the war against Britain. Later Spain and Holland joined France while most of the other European powersformed an Armed Neutrality to protect their commerce from Britain’s naval power.Chapter 5 the Confederation and the Constitution1. What is confederation?A confederation is a government in which the constituent governments, called states in the US, create a central government by constitutional compact but do not give it power to regulate the conduct of individuals.2. Compare the powers of the governments under the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.3. What does the “check and balance” mean?It means that each branch of government-executive, legislative, or judicial-must exercise distinct powers and be selected in a distinct way, and that each branch must be able to “check and balance” the others if one branch grew too powerful and sought to dominate the others.4. What was the Bill of Rights?It guaranteed freedom of speech, religion, peaceful assembly, and the press; the right to bear arms; freedom from unreasonable search; and the right to the protection of certain legal procedures known as the due process of law.5. What were the chief causes of the War of 1812?①The British were not reconciled to the loss of their thirteen colonies. Using Canada as the base, they always challenged to battle with the young Republic.②This anger reaches its peak in 1807 when one British warship attached and boarded in American ship, killing and wounding 21men and impressing four sailors.③Jefferson persuaded Congress to pass an Embargo Act, which forbade all ships, except foreign ones without charge, to leave American ports.Chapter 6 American Expansion and the Civil War1. What was the importance of the Monroe Doctrine?The essence was” America for Americans”, which later became a cornerstone of the US foreign policy. As the New world developed in the years ahead this Doctrine became more meaningful and was strengthened by a broader interpretation to meet the needs of an energetic and ambitious United States.2. What were the basic causes of the Civil War?Two different social-economic systems existed side by side in the United States.In the South slavery was the foundation of the economic system while in the North industry and commerce were the main character of its economy. The swiftly growing industries in the North required the restriction of slavery as well as an expanding territory in order to provide capitalist production with raw materials, markets and abundant labor supply.The slave economy in the South was an obstacle to industrial growth and expansion. This economic antagonism led to increased conflicts between the North and the South.3. What was the doctrine of the “popular sovereignty”?This doctrine means that the inhabitants of the new territories can decide the question of slavery for themselves. In appearance, it seemed fair, but in actual practice, as far as slavery was concerned, the doctrine did not work.4. How do you comment on the American Civil War?The outcome of the war placed the northern capitalists in solid control of the federal government of the US capitalism. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted, which freed all slaves throughout the United States.Chapter 7 Reconstruction and the Birth of US Imperialism1. What is the 10 percent plan?The plan provided that as soon as 10 percent of voters in any state had taken the oath of loyalty, they could form their own government and would be entitled to the recognition of their state by the president of the United States.2. Why was Andrew Johnson impeached by the House?In March 1867, Congress passed two Acts that took away two presidential prerogatives: the right to remove Cabinet members and the right to remove army officers under his command.To test the constitutionality of the Act, President Andrew Johnson removes Edwin M. Stanton, the Secretary of War, from office in1869, who was the only remaining Radical in Johnson’s Cabinet.He thus walked into troubles with the radicals. Later the House voted to impeach the President.3. After the Reconstruction, how were the civil rights of the Blacks in the South?①Voters must be able to read and write;②Voting taxes were introduced;③The whites also took steps to segregate the blacks and two separate societies emerged in the South.4. Why did the US have a rapid industrial growth after the Civil War?①The vast industrial development began with the opening the West.②Speeding this process of western settlement were the railroads.③Science and technology were also greatly marching forward.④The basic industry of the nation, iron and steel, also developed rapidly after the Civil War.⑤The oil industry also developed rapidly.⑥During the latter part of the 19th industry, industrial expansion in America went ahead rapidly.⑦There was a clear indication of rapid concentration of capital.6. What was the “Open Door Policy”?The so-called “Open Door Policy”which demanded that all the imperialist powers should enjoy equal chance in China as freely as other aggressors.。

哈尔滨师范大学参考书目

哈尔滨师范大学参考书目050101文艺学：①童庆炳《文学理论教程》（修定版）高等教育出版社②朱立元《美学》高等教育出版社③袁行霈《中国文学史》高等教育出版社④钱理群《中国现代文学三十年》北京大学出版社⑤洪子诚《中国当代文学史》北京大学出版社050103汉语言文字学：①黄伯荣、廖序东《现代汉语》（增订2版）高等教育出版社②胡裕树《现代汉语》（增订本）上海教育出版社③王力《古代汉语》中华书局1999年修订版④詹人凤《语言学概论》1995年版⑤徐通锵、叶蜚声《语言学纲要》北京大学出版社⑥邢福义《现代汉语》高等教育出版社050104中国古典文献学：①张舜徽《中国文献学》中州书画社1982年第一版② 王力《古代汉语》中华书局1999年修订版③袁行霈《中国文学史》高等教育出版社④朱东润《中国历代文学作品选》上海古籍出版社050105中国古代文学：①袁行霈《中国文学史》高等教育出版社②王力《古代汉语》中华书局1999年修订版③童庆炳《文学理论教程》（修定版）高等教育出版社④朱东润《中国历代文学作品选》上海古籍出版社050106中国现当代文学：①钱理群《中国现代文学三十年》北京大学出版社②洪子诚《中国当代文学史》北京大学出版社③袁行霈《中国文学史》高等教育出版社④朱维之《欧美文学史》南开大学出版社010101马克思主义哲学：①哲学原著含《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》《反杜林论》《费尔巴哈论》《谈谈辩证法问题》《矛盾论》《实践论》《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》②参考书自选020101政治经济学（003经法系002政教系）：①王兴华、顾学荣《政治经济学原理》经济科学出版社030203科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动：①赵明义《科学社会主义》山东大学出版社②周作翰、梁亚栋《国际共产主义运动史》（修订本）高等教育出版社③刘宗绪《世界近代史》高等教育出版社④科学社会主义经典著作选读包括《共产党宣言》《哥达纲领批判》《社会主义从空想到科学的发展》（以上见《马克思恩格斯选集》）《国家与革命》之第一、五节（见《列宁选集》）《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》《论人民民主专政》（见《毛泽东选集》）邓小平1992年视察南方时的讲话（见《邓小平文选》第三卷）030205马克思主义理论与思想政治教育：①庄福龄《毛泽东思想概论》人民大学出版社②罗正楷《毛泽东思想概论》武汉大学出版社③奚广庆《邓小平理论概论》人民大学出版社④冯卓然等《哲学原理》人民出版社⑤赵明义《科学社会主义》山东大学出版社⑥栗守廉《中国革命史教程》东北林业大学出版社⑦邱伟光、张耀灿《思想政治教育学原理》高等教育出版社010108科学技术哲学：①孙慕天《自然辩证法新编》哈尔滨工业大学出版社020101政治经济学（004马列教研部）：①刘厚俊《现代西方经济学原理》南京大学出版社②卫兴华、顾学荣《政治经济学原理》经济科学出版社③孙健《新中国经济史》中国人民大学出版社060104历史文献学：①谢玉杰《中国历史文献学》民族出版社2000年版②王力《古代汉语》（1-4册）中华书局③朱绍侯《中国古代史》（上、中、下册）福建人民出版社060106中国古代史：①张大可《中国历史文选》陕西人民出版社②《中国近代史》中华书局第4版③王桧林《中国现代史》高等教育出版社④朱绍侯《中国古代史》（上、中、下册）福建人民出版社060108世界史：①吴于廑、齐世荣主编《世界史》（近代史编）高等教育出版社②《中国近代史》中华书局第4版③王桧林《中国现代史》高等教育出版社④吴于廑、齐世荣主编《世界史》（现代史编）高等教育出版社040102课程与教学论：01-04方向①李秉德《教学论》人民教育出版社②戴本博《外国教育史》（上、中、下）人民教育出版社③《课程论》参考书不指定05物理教学论：①李秉德《教学论》人民教育出版社②程守珠等《普通物理》（1-3 册）高等教育出版社06化学教学论：①李秉德《教学论》人民教育出版社②华南师大等五校合编《有机化学》（第三版）③北京师大等三校合编《无机化学》（第三版）④刘知新编《化学教学论》⑤王佐书编《中学化学教学论》07俄语教学论：①李秉德《教学论》人民教育出版社②应云天《新编大学俄语基础教程》高等教育出版社1996年版③赵晓彬《十九世纪俄罗斯文学史》黑龙江人民出版社2001年版④金亚娜《俄罗斯国情》哈尔滨工业大学出版社2001年版⑤ 于永年《俄语教学法》上海外语教育出版社08体育教学论：①李秉德《教学论》人民教育出版社②高等学校教材《人体生理学》高等教育出版社③高等学校教材《学校体育学》高等教育出版社09数学教学论：①李秉德《教学论》人民教育出版社②华东师大数学系编《数学分析》高等教育出版社③张禾瑞、郝丙新《高等代数》高等教育出版社④濮安山《中学数学教学论》哈尔滨工业大学出版社10语文教学论：①李秉德《教学论》人民教育出版社②朱东润《中国历代文学作品选》上海古籍出版社③黄伯荣、廖序东《现代汉语》（增订2版）高等教育出版社④王文彦、蔡明《语文课程与教学论》高等教育出版社⑤马正平《中学写作教学新思维》中国人民大学出版社040104比较教育学：①王道俊、王汉澜《教育学》北京师范大学出版社②黄济《现代教育论》人民教育出版社③戴本博《外国教育史》（上、中、下）人民教育出版社④吴式颖《外国教育史教程》人民教育出版社⑤王承绪、顾明远《比较教育》人民教育出版社⑥吴文侃、杨汉清《比较教育学》人民教育出版社040202发展与教育心理学：①彭聃龄《普通心理学》北京师范大学出版社②叶浩生《西方心理学的历史与体系》人民教育出版社③林崇德《发展心理学》人民教育出版社④邵瑞珍《教育心理学》上海教育出版社040203应用心理学：①彭聃龄《普通心理学》北京师范大学出版社②叶浩生《西方心理学的历史与体系》人民教育出版社③江光荣《心理咨询与治疗》安徽人民出版社④郑日昌《心理测量》北京师范大学出版社120403教育经济与管理：①王道俊、王汉澜《教育学》北京师范大学出版社②黄济《现代教育论》人民教育出版社③陈孝彬《教育管理学》北京师范大学出版社④王凤秋《教育管理通论》黑龙江教育出版社⑤程正方《现代管理心理学》北京师范大学出版社⑥刘丽红《管理心理学》哈尔滨出版社050201英语语言文学：①章振邦《新编英语语法教程》上海外语教育出版社（不考理论）②许鲁之《新编英美概况》青岛海洋大学出版社2002年版③张培基《英汉翻译教程》上海外语教学出版社④丁往道《英语写作手册》外语教学与研究出版社⑤刘春芬《法国语言与文化》黑龙江科技出版社2003年版⑥于长慧《俄语》（上、下册）华中科技大学出版社⑦周平、陈小芬《新编日语》（2、3册）上海外语教育出版社。

新编英美概况-许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-12课后习题选择填空

Chapter1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1.In area, the United States is the 4th largest country in the world.2. The Midwest in the US refers to the region around the Great Lakes and the upper Mississippi Valley.3. The Backbone of North America refers to the Rocky Mountains4. Death Valley is on the western edge of the Great Basin.5. The Great Plains might have a dust storm in summer.6. The western part of Washington State has the highest rainfall in the US.7. The US primary suppliers of foreign oil are the following countries except Japan8. The US largest open-pit copper-mining center is in Utah.1. The United States is bordered on the north by Canada, on the south by Mexico and the Guff of Mexico, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean , and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.2. The large territory of the continental US is divided into three basic areas:A. the Atlantic seacoast west to the AppalachiansB. the Mississippi River BasinC. the Rockies west to the Pacific3. The Middle Atlantic States are the most densely populated region in the US, where the land is flat and fertile.4. The Central Valley of California is a highly productive area, which produced enormous amounts of fruits and vegetables.5. Most production of oil and natural gas in the US comes from offshore areas of Louisiana and Texas, and from onshore areas of Texas, Oklahoma and California. Her big consumption of energy now has made America insufficient in oil supply. The US reliance of foreign oil has reminded consistently in the 40% ranges.6. The United States has little trouble caused by the shortage of fresh water. Farmlands in the US making up about 12% of the arable lands in the world, and they are among the richest and most productive.Chapter 2 American Population1. The over 3 million of early Americans in 1790 were mostly of British ancestry.2. About 700,000 immigrants were legally received by the US each year during the 1980s.3. The official racial segregation continued to be the law of the US until 1954.4. American Indians now mainly live in the South .5. The majority of American Hispanics are from the following countries except Spain.6. The West now leads in percentage increase in population.7. According to the 1994 US census, the second most populous state in the US is Taxes.8. The trend in migration from cities to suburbs now prevailed in all regions except the South .1. The United States is the third most populous nation in the world.2. Prior to 1875 anyone from any country could enter the US freely and take up permanent residence there. Later the US Congress passed laws restricting immigration on the basis of morality, race , and national origin. The 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act reaffirmed national origin as the chief criterion for eligibility and established a preferential system for skilled workers and for relatives of the US citizens. For many years the US restricted to total number of immigrants to 270,000 each year, although the real immigrants numbered much greater than the limit. The 1990 Immigration Act limits the total number of immigrants to 700,000 from 1992 to 1995 and 675,000 thereafter.3. The first blacks arrived in Jamestown in 1619 as indentured servants, but soon[ after 1619 they were brought to colonies as slaves. The blacks were formally freed in 1863, but continued to suffer the institutionalized segregation for about a century. Today many blacks still live in the South, some have entered the middle class, but one-third of all black families still live below the poverty line .4. The Chinese-Americans have proved to be industrious and intelligent. They are now viewed as a model“minority ” in the US. According to the 2010 US census, there were about 3.8 million Chinese-Americans living in the US. The figure was more than twice what it was in 1990.Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World1. The ancestors of the present American Indians came from Asia.2. “ Theambition for the vast lands ”is not correct to explain the reasons for the sudden daring exploration of the unknown in the mid-15 th century.3. On his voyage of 1492, Columbus expected to reach India .4. Vasco da Gama discovered the route to India.5. John Cabot was sent by the English King to explore the new way to the east.6. New York was not founded first by the English.7. The breadbasket colonies include the following ones except Virginia . (New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland)8. The last one of the 13 colonies was Georgia , which was established in 1733.1. In 1488 Bartholomew Diaz, sailing under the Portuguese flag, went to the Cape of Good Hope at the southern Africa. In 1492 Christopher Columbus, financed by rulers of Spain sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean and discovered the islands of the Caribbean . He was convinced that he had found the continent of Asia.2. The South Africa was discovered by Amerigo Vespucci who showed the land he arrived in was a new continent. Before long the land was named America after his name.3. Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement, was founded in 1607. In 1620, Pilgrims and others arrived in Plymouth, Massachusetts. They drew up Mayflowe“r Compact ”4. By 1775, the 13 colonies in North America could be classified as the following three kinds. Specify how the governors were chosen in each.a. Royal: appointed by the English Kingb. Proprietary: chosen by proprietorsc. Self-governing: elected by residents5. Because the New England colonies were difficult of farming, they become a center for fishing and shipbuilding . The middle colonies were known as the breadbasket , which produced wheat and potatoes as the major staple. The southern colonies developed a plantation system. The main crop in the South was tobacco. Much later, cotton became important crop.Chapter 4 American Revolution1. There was a great change in policy towards the 13 colonies after 1763.2. The Stamp Act of 1765 first set a large scale of opposition in the colonies.3. The Tea Act of 1773 was passed by the British Parliament in order to help the British East India Company .4. The First Continental Congress was attended by the representatives from all the colonies except Georgia .5. The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired in Lexington .6. Thomas Paine ' s Common Sense urged the American colonisdtsectolare their in dependence .7. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence was Thomas Jefferson .8. The victory at Saratoga was considered as the turning point of the War of Independence.1. During the colonial days the English ruling class did everything they could to control the development of the colonial economy. The colonies in North America were supposed to complement and not compete with English industry.2. Within the five years from 1763 to 1767 after the war with France, the British government adopted several measures to extract more money from colonies. The Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765, for example, laid taxes on certain imports and numerous articles in America to help pay for the costs of British government in the colonies.3. The Sons of Liberty was formed in 1765 to organize the opposition to the Stamp Act. They favored to take violent action to the stamp collectors.4. The first Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in Sep.1774. The majority of the representatives still favor to take peaceful means to settle the quarrel with the British. They agreed to refuse to buy English goods, hoping in this way to force the British government to give in to their demands. This united action could be called boycott .5. The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776. Karl Marx once called it the first de“claration of the rights of the individual ”.6. The American War of Independence lasted 7 years. The fighting was actually ended in 1781, but the final treaty between Britain and the United States was signed in Paris in 1783. The boundaries of the United States were fixed roughly from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River on the west and from the Great Lakes on the north to Spanish Florida on the south. The direct social change brought about by the American Revolution was the emancipation of slaves who fought against the British.Chapter 5 the Confederation and the Constitution1. The confederation created in 1781 was a very loose union of states .2. James Madison was called the Father of the US Constitution.3. The Constitution was frames on the following ideals except that the new government should impose its authority onthe people through states .4. Those who supported the Constitution and preferred a strong national government were called Federalists.5. Nine States were needed to ratify the Constitution.6. T“hey spell out the people ”' sisr i ngchot rrect to comment on the Federalist Papers.7. The amendment of the Constitution requires the approval of at least three-fourths of the states.8. When the Second War of Independence broke out in 1812, the US president was James Madison.1. Under the Articles of Confederation the national government consisted of only a legislature ; it had no separate executive and judicial divisions. The state government was left the exclusive powers to regulate commerce and to tax their citizens.2. The Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia in 1787. Fifty-five delegates from all states except Rhode Island attended the opening session. The president of the convention was George Washington .3. The Antifederalists opposed the constitution and preferred a more decentralized federal system of government.4. George Washington was elected unanimously as the first US President in 1788. The first Vice-President was John Adams, and the first Secretary of Treasury was Alexander Hamilton , and the first Secretary of State was Thomas Jefferson .5. the most glorious achievement of Jefferson as President was the Louisiana Purchase , which was about 828,000 square miles. This Purchase doubled the area of the then United States.6. The War of 1812 is also called the Second War of Independence . This war lasted three years and ended in another American victory. An important result of the war was the strengthening of national unity and patriotism . And it was afterthis war that the US was able to make the change of a semi-colonial economy into a really independent national economy.Chapter 6 American Expansion and the Civil War1. The Monroe Doctrine had the following features or ideas except Latin America for Europeans .2. The US continental expansion was almost complete by 1848.3. Cotton became the most profitable crop in the South mainly because of the Whitney 's cotton g.in4. In 1854, the Republican Party was founded by some abolitionists .5. In his inaugural address in 1861, Lincoln showed clearly that he would not abolish slavery immediately but to preserve the Union .6. I“t immediately freed all slaves living in the United States ” about the Emancipation Proclamation is not accurate.7. the most important advantage the North had over the South in the Civil War was its industrial superiority .8. An advantage the South had over the North was its superior military leadership .1. The essence of the Monroe Doctrine was “America for Americans ”which later became the cornerstone of the US foreign policy.2. The US expansion to the west may be treated in three stages;A. the settlement of the region between seaboard states and the Mississippi RiverB. the settlement of the Louisiana Territoryc. the occupation of the far Southwest .3. The great majority of dwellers in Louisiana Territory were the descendants of the French pioneers. They settled mainly in two cities: St. Louis and New Orleans .4. Oregon Territory was settled between Britain and the United States in 1846. Its boundary on the north was fixed at the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude.5. Under Missouri Compromise, Missouri was admitted as a slave state, but the balance of political power maintained by admission of Maine as a free state. In addition, slavery was to be prohibited in the rest of Louisiana Territory north of the line 36°30p'arallel.6. In 1862, the federal government took two revolutionary measures: (1) Homestead Act and (2) Emancipation proclamation.7. In July 1863 came the turning point of the war at Gettysburg . Here the Confederate army under the general Robert E. Lee was defeated. The battlefield was made a national cemetery , where Lincoln gave his famous speech, the Gettysburg Address, on November 19, 1863.8. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted, which abolished slavery throughout the United States.Chapter 7 Reconstruction and the Birth of US Imperialism1. The first US president who faced impeachment proceedings was Andrew Johnson .2. The radical Reconstruction was ended under the President Rutherford B. Hays3. Gold was discovered in California in 1848.4. The first transcontinental railroad in the US was completed in 1869.5. Telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander D. Bell.6. The value of manufactured goods in the US was worth twice as that of her agricultural products by 1900.7. The first imperialist war, the US —Spanish War, broke out in 1898.8. After the US —Spanish War, the US acquired all the following areas except Cuba (Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines)1. The Reconstruction Acts divided all the former Confederate states, except Tennessee, into five military districts and each was put under the control of a Northern army officer. The officer had the power to keep order and to enforce martiallaw if necessary.2. During the Reconstruction period many Northerners moved to the south .Whatever their motives, these Northerners came to be called carpetbaggers because they were said to have brought all their belongings to the South in a small, cheap suitcase made out of a carpet like material.3. During the Reconstruction the Southern whites who supported the radical reconstruction and joined the Republican Party were called scalawags. They were considered as traitors by the Southern Democrats.4. The KKK, founded in Tennessee in 1866, was a secret society for restoring white supremacy and driving blacks out of politics .5. During Theodore Roosevelt ' s presidency the US got control oPf anama Canal.Chapter 8 World War I and the Depression1. By the beginning of the 20 th century the country that took the first place in economy in Europe was Germany .2. When the First World War began, President Wilson immediately called upon the American people to observe strict neutrality .3. The US joined the First World War in 1917.4. Wilson ' s Fourteen Points did not include the pointcorfeation of an international peacekeeping force .5. O“nly the rich could afford new consumer goods ” about the US in 1920s is not true.6. In responding to the Depression, President Hoover thou ght that the basic role of the Government was to “create conditions favorable to the development of private enterprises ”.7. The agricultural Adjustment Act was an attempt to deal with the farmers overproduc'tionpro. blem of8. I“t reduced the commodity prices by limiting production and devaluing the dollar ” is not right to comment on the New Deal.1. The First World War was waged between two groups of imperialist powers: the Allies and the Central European Power .2. The direct cause that made the US declare war on Germany in 1917 was the Germany u'nlismited campaign.3. The major triumph for Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference was the formation of the League of Nations .4. The United States didn ' t join the League of Nations becausSeetnhaeteUSrefused to approve the Treaty of Versailles.5. Three major treaties were concluded at the Washington Conference:(1) The Four-Power Treaty, respecting the status quo in the Pacific.(2) The Five-Power Treaty, on naval arms apportionment .(3) The Nine-Power Treaty, guaranteeing the independence and integrity of China in appearance, but actually a public international affirmation of the Open Door policy.6. The Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted in 1920, which granted women the right to vote.7. The Great Depression started with the sudden collapse of the Stock Market in New York in October, 1929. This economic distress extended to Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and South America.Chapter 9 American During and After World War II1. Between 1935 and 1939, American foreign policy included all of the following except active intervention to prevent aggression.2. The US formally entered the Second World War in 1941.3. Normandy Landing took place on June 6, 1944.4. At Yalta Conference, in Feb. 1945 did Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin agree to call a conference of all the United Nations in San Francisco in April 1945.5. The post-World War II program of economic assistance to Western Europe was known as Marshall Plan .6. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., advocated the philosophy of nonviolence .7. Thousands of American soldiers were sent to Vietnam under the President Lyndon B. Johnson.8. The formal diplomatic relation at the ambassadorial rank between China and the US was established under the President Carter .1. The cash-and-carry policy allowed US citizens to sell certain no prohibited goods to belligerent nations as long as those goods were not transported on American ships.2. Lend-Lease Act enabled any country whose defense the President considered vital to that of the US to receive arms and other equipment and supplies by sale, transfer, exchange, or lease. F.D. Roosevelt explained the Act would make the US the arsenal ofworld democracy.3. Civil rights involve government protection of individuals against discrimination based on their race, religion nation origin, gender, age, and other factors. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was honored for his effort to fight discrimination . In 1964, he won the Nobel Prize for peace.4. Star Wars program was proposed by President Reagan in 1983. The program seeks to construct a defensive “ shield against incoming missiles . The shield would be made of laser and electronic devices that would destroy such missiles launched to attack the US.5. In 1990, President Bush ordered Operation Desert Storm to punish Iraq, more than 200000 US troops were sent to Saudi Arabia, and the US navy blocked all oil exports from Iraq and all imports except food .6. Under Clinton, the US enjoyed an economic growth for nine consecutive years. This phenomenon, hardly seen before, has been termed the new“economy ” by some. The fundamental reason for it is that American economic structure went through essential changes because of the promotion of scientific and technological progress.Chapter 10 the Federal System and Congress1. The power of the state in the US is actually from both B and C. (the state constitution, the US Constitution)2. The supreme law of the United States includes all the above three.3. The terms of the senator and representative are six and two years respectively.4. ”The 17th Amendment (1913) ” provided for the direct election of senators.5. Certain presidential appointments must be approved by a majority vote in the Senate .6. All revenue or tax bills must be originated in the House .7. The Speaker of the House is second in line in presidential succession.8. In the House, the power to decide when the full House will hear the bill is vested in the Rules Committee .1. Federalism means the division of powers by a constitution between the central government and state government. It operates only on two levels, the national and the states. Units of government within a state enjoy no independent existence.2. Separation of powers in the United States means not only allocating legislative power to Congress, executive power to President and judicial power to the Supreme Court, but also giving each branch constitutional and political independence and checks and balances that ensure each of the three branches a sufficient role in the actions of the others.3. According to the Constitution, members of the House of Representatives must be 25 years old and must have been citizens for 7 years. Senators must be at least 30 and must have been citizens for 9 years.4. The Vice President is officially the presiding officer and is called the president of the Senate. In fact he seldom appears in the Senate chamber in this role unless it appears that there might be tie vote in the Senate. In such instances, he caststhe tiebreaking vote. To deal with day-to-day business, the Senate chooses the president pro tempore .5. A senator who wants to delay action on a bill or kill it altogether may use a tactic called a filibuster. It can be cut off only through cloture .6. Lobbying is part of the citizen r'igh s t to petition government in the US. Now there are thousands of lobbyists in Washington D.C. Their influence in making the US policy is so great that some people call them the third house ”.Chapter 11 The President and the Judiciary1. The 22nd Amendment in following limits the President to two successive terms only.2. The American President has all the following powers except declaring war on another country .3. The president 's major appointments should be approvethdebSyenate.4. I“t requires the approval of Congress ” is not correct to explain the executive agreement.5. The President 's veto can be overridden b-tyhitrwdovotes in both houses.6. The federal courts that regularly employ grand and petit juries are the district courts.7. The highest authority of the Supreme Court is to interpret the US constitution .8. The case involving copyright, trademark, counterfeiting, and bank robbery are usually first tried in the federal district courts.1. By law any natural-born American citizen of and over 35 years of age and of being a resident within the United States for 14 years can run for the President. The duly elected and duly qualified president-elect takes office on the 20th of January following his election.2. The war powers resolution (1973) requires the President to consult congress and withdraw troops after sixty days unless Congress specifically approves the continued deployment of troops.3. A federal law gave President an item veto in 1996, which is an authority to reject specific sections of a bill without having to veto the entire bill.4. The Supreme Court has the power to examine the bills passed by Congress and policies made by President, and declare them unconstitutional and thus abolish them. John Marshall, the most famous chief justice in American history called this power of interpretation judicial review5. There are three federal court levels: 1) the district courts 2) the courts of appeal 3) the Supreme Court . All the judges of federal courts are appointed by President with the consent of the Senate. The state court system also has a hierarchy of three levels: 1) superior courts , 2) appellate courts , 3) a state supreme court . The state court judges are usually elected . The term of the country court judges is usually four years. And the judges in higher state courts usually sever eight ortwelve years for one termChapter 12 Political Parties and Elections1. The emblem of the Democratic Party is donkey .2. The first Democratic President was Thomas Jefferson .3. The first Republican President was Abraham Lincoln.4. The only Democratic President who served two separate terms between the end of Civil War and 1912 was Grover Cleveland .5. The presidential candidate of the major party is nominated at the national convention .6. In the presidential election year the American voters vote on the Tues, after the 1st Mon .7. The number of the presidential electors in each state is equal to the number of its senators and Representatives .8. The American President is actually elected by presidential electors .1. Two factions emerged during the ratification of the US Constitution. One group was called Federalists led by Alexander Hamilton. They favored business development, a strong national government, and a loose interpretation of the Constitution. Another group led by Thomas Jefferson was called Democratic-Republicans. They called for a society based on small farms, a relatively weak central government, and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. The roots of today Republican Party lie in the Federalists, while the Democrats can trace their beginnings back to Antifederalists or Democratic-Republicans .2. In general, Democrats traditionally have supported workers and minorities , while the Republicans are known for known for their support of business and conservative positions on social issues.3. Before 1971 the only state that gave 18-year-old the right to vote was Georgia; all other states set the age at 21. In 1971 the 26th Amendment to the Constitution lowered the voting age to 18.4. The voting percentage now is very low in the United States. In general older people with more education and high income tend to vote, while the youth, especially aged 18 to 21, has the lowest voting percentage in the Unites States.5. The candidate with the most votes in a state wins all of that state 'elsectoral votes. This is known as the “winner-take-all ”principle. The candidate who wins the majority of the 538 Electoral College votes will be the US President in the next four years.。

新编英美概况-许鲁之教学教材

新编英美概况-许鲁之Chapter 1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1.Choose the correct answer1-8 CDBACBBB2.fill in the blanks1.Canada\Mexico\the Cuff of Mexico\Atlantic Ocean\the Pacific Ocean2.The Atlantic seacoast west to the Appalachains\The Mississippi River Basin\The Rockies west to the Pacific3.most densely\flat\fertile4.productive\fruits\vegetables5.Louisiana\Texas\Texas\Oklahoma\California\insufficient\40%6.little\fresh\12%\richest\productiveChapter 2 American Population1.Choose the correct answer1-8 CBDACDCB2.fill in the blanks1.third\2502.1875\permanent residence\morality\race\nationalorigin\nationalorigin\skilled\relatives\270,000\700,000\675,0003.indentured servants\slaves\18634.South\poverty line5.industrious\intelligent\modle minority\twice3.Question for discussion1.Why is the US known as a "melting pot"?Answer:The United States is known as a "melting pot",meaning that it is composed of immigrants from different nations all over the world. 3.Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs?Answer:The widespread use of automobiles and the construction of express highways made it possible for people to live farther away from their jobs.The telephone reduces the need for them to work or live in close proximity to one another.Besides these economic and techonological changes, important social factors wereinvolved.Subruban areas offered more living space than cities,lower crime rates,less pollution,and superior schools.It is generally believed that they are a better place for rising children.Indian ReservationAnswer:Ever since the discocery of the New World in 1492, the Indians have been cruelly treated. They were driven to barren desert regions, the so-called "Indian Reservations".The reservations usually lack adequate health care facilities, educational opportunities,decent housing,and jobs.HispanicsAnswer:They are the Spanish-speaking immigrants from Latin American countries. The majority traces their roots to Mexico, Pueto Rico,or Cuba.Chapter3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World1.Choose the correct answer1-8 DABBBCDC2.fill in the blanks1.Portuguese\the Cape of Good Hope\Spain\Atlantic\the Cartbbean\West Indians2.Amerigo Vespueci\America3.the Virginia Coast\pilgrims\Mayflower Compact4.appoined by the English King\under proprietors who themselves chose the governors\select governors under self-governing charters5.fishing\shipbuilding\breadbasket\wheat\potatoes\plantation\ tobacco\cotton3.Question for discussion4.What was the social structure of the 13 colonies?Answer:Society in the 13 colonies was like a pytamid.The top was made up of merchants and landlords.The base was made up of refugees from Europe, black slaves from Africa,and native Indians.5.Why did not the American Indians become slaves during thecolonies days?Answer:They could not put up with slaves. If an Indian was enslaved, his fellow tribe menbers would fight to free him.So the colonialists soon gave up the attempt to use themas slave labor.Instead they seized the land of the Indiansand drove them away or killed them.Mayflower CompactAnswer:It is signed by the pilgrims, establishing a form oflocal government in which the colonists agree to stick together,to abide by majority rule,to have the right to choose their leader and cooperate for the general good for the colony. The Compact sets the precedent for other colonies as they set up governments.This was the beginningof the US democracy.Thanks-giving dayAnswer:In 1620,the puritans in the Mayflower came the Rocky coast of what is now Massachusetts.They suffered the first cold ter with the help and advice of the native Indians,the Pilgrim Fathers planted corn and other crops.They reaped a good harvest the following year, and in October,1621,to celebrate this good harvest, the Pilgrims held a feast which featured wild turkey.They called this their Thanks-giving Day.It falls on the 4th Thursday of November.。

英美概况教材

英美概况教材
《英美概况》（新编本），陈治刚等，上海外语教育出版社，1994年
英美概况参考文献目录
《外研社·英美文化辞典》，胡文仲，外语教学与研究出版社，2002
《英美文化之旅》，白树勤，中国商务出版社，2004
《大学英语英美文化链接(中英双语本)》，姜志伟，中国书籍出版社，2004
《简明英美文化词典》，许鲁之，青岛海洋大学出版社，2000 《英美文化博览》，李常磊，世界图书出版公司，2000
《时尚英语主题阅读--英美文化篇》，翁云凯主编，中国石化出版社，2007
《新编英美概况教程》，周叔麟等，北京大学出版社，2004 《英国文化辞典》，吴建平，中国科学技术大学出版社，2006 《英国文化——世界各国文化概览》，范中汇，文化艺术出版社，2003
《美国文化反思》(美国历史文化赏析)，索科利克，中国水
利水电出版社，1999
《美国文化简史》，施袁喜，中央编译出版社，2006
《美国文化背景》（第3版），戴特斯曼等著，世界图书出版公司，2006
《美国文化与社会十五讲》，袁明，北京大学出版社，2004 《美国文化》，范悦，对外经济贸易大学出版社，2006。

英语专业教材列表

英语专业教材列表基础英语Elementary and Intermediate English 【408—6—1、2、3、4】内容提要：消化并提升中学所学的语法知识，并使之成为语言交际的实际技能。

整顿提高学生的语音、语调和朗读技巧、描写，以及初步的分析和辩论的能力的培养上。

在抓紧听说的前提下，努力加强对写作和翻译能力的训练。

借助构词法，使词汇扩充到大纲要求的6000词左右的指标，为大量阅读开辟道路。

养成使用基本工具书（首先是英英词典）的独立工作能力，突出听说读写的全面培养。

修读对象：英语专业本科生教材：《现代大学英语》外语教学与研究出版社杨立民主编高级英语Advanced English 【144—4—5、6】先修课程：基础英语内容提要：本课程是一门综合技能训练课程。

通过阅读和分析内容广泛的教材，包括涉及政治、经济、社会、语言、文学、教育、哲学和科技等方面的名家作品，扩大学生的知识面，加深学生对社会和人生的理解，培养学生对名篇的分析和欣赏能力、逻辑思维能力，巩固和提高学生英语语言技能。

通过大量相关练习，包括阅读理解、词汇研究、文体分析、中英互译和写作练习等，使学生的英语语言综合技能在质量上有较大的提高。

修读对象：英语专业本科生教材：《现代大学英语》外语教学与研究出版社杨立民主编英语听力Listening 【136—2—1、2、3、4】内容提要：通过本门课的教学，系统地训练和培养学生听英语的能力。

通过组织收听大量精选的各种题材和体裁的有声资料，增强学生听英语时的快速反应能力和理解能力。

修读对象：英语专业本科生教材：《英语听力教程》高等教育出版社张民伦主编《英语听力梯级训练2000》（上、下）上海外语教育出版社何莲珍主编英语口语Oral English 【72—2—2、3】内容提要：通过本门课的教学，培养学生口头表达能力和交际能力，使学生能就日常生活中的一般情景进行恰当的交谈，能对听懂的材料和熟悉的题材进行会话和连贯发言。

新编英美概况（许鲁之）area

新编英美概况（许鲁之）area1 Russia 17,098,2422 Canada 9,984,6703 United States 9,826,6754 China 9,596,9615 Brazil 8,514,8776 Australia 7,741,2207 India 3,287,2638 Argentina 2,780,4009 Kazakhstan 2,724,90010 Algeria 2,381,74111 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 2,344,85812 Greenland 2,166,08613 Saudi Arabia 2,149,69014 Mexico 1,964,37515 Indonesia 1,904,56916 Sudan 1,861,48417 Libya 1,759,54018 Iran 1,648,19519 Mongolia 1,564,11620 Peru 1,285,21621 Chad 1,284,00022 Niger 1,267,00023 Angola 1,246,70024 Mali 1,240,19225 South Africa 1,219,09026 Colombia 1,138,91027 Ethiopia 1,104,30028 Bolivia 1,098,58129 Mauritania 1,030,70030 Egypt 1,001,45031 Tanzania 947,30032 Nigeria 923,76833 Venezuela 912,05034 Namibia 824,29235 Mozambique 799,38036 Pakistan 796,09537 Turkey 783,56238 Chile 756,10239 Zambia 752,61840 Burma 676,57841 Afghanistan 652,23042 South Sudan 644,32943 France 643,80144 Somalia 637,65745 Central African Republic 622,98446 Ukraine 603,55047 Madagascar 587,04148 Botswana 581,73049 Kenya 580,36750 Yemen 527,96851 Thailand 513,12052 Spain 505,37053 Turkmenistan 488,10054 Cameroon 475,44055 Papua New Guinea 462,84056 Sweden 450,29557 Uzbekistan 447,40058 Morocco 446,55060 Paraguay 406,75261 Zimbabwe 390,75762 Japan 377,91563 Germany 357,02264 Congo, Republic of the 342,00065 Finland 338,14566 Vietnam 331,21067 Malaysia 329,84768 Norway 323,80269 Cote d'Ivoire 322,46370 Poland 312,68571 Oman 309,50072 Italy 301,34073 Philippines 300,00074 Ecuador 283,56175 Burkina Faso 274,20076 New Zealand 267,71077 Gabon 267,66778 Western Sahara 266,00079 Guinea 245,85780 United Kingdom 243,61081 Uganda 241,03882 Ghana 238,53383 Romania 238,39184 Laos 236,80085 Guyana 214,96986 Belarus 207,60087 Kyrgyzstan 199,95188 Senegal 196,72290 Cambodia 181,03591 Uruguay 176,21592 Suriname 163,82093 Tunisia 163,61094 Nepal 147,18195 Bangladesh 143,99896 Tajikistan 143,10097 Greece 131,95798 Nicaragua 130,37099 Korea, North 120,538 100 Malawi 118,484101 Eritrea 117,600102 Benin 112,622103 Honduras 112,090104 Liberia 111,369105 Bulgaria 110,879106 Cuba 110,860107 Guatemala 108,889108 Iceland 103,000109 Korea, South 99,720110 Hungary 93,028111 Portugal 92,090112 Jordan 89,342113 Azerbaijan 86,600114 Austria 83,871115 United Arab Emirates 83,600 116 Czech Republic 78,867 117 Serbia 77,474118 Panama 75,420119 Sierra Leone 71,740120 Ireland 70,273121 Georgia 69,700122 Sri Lanka 65,610123 Lithuania 65,300124 Latvia 64,589125 Svalbard 62,045126 Togo 56,785127 Croatia 56,594128 British Indian Ocean T erritory 54,400 129 Bosnia and Herzegovina 51,197130 Costa Rica 51,100131 Slovakia 49,035132 Dominican Republic 48,670 133 Estonia 45,228134 Denmark 43,094135 Netherlands 41,543136 Switzerland 41,277137 Bhutan 38,394138 Guinea-Bissau 36,125 139 Taiwan 35,980140 Moldova 33,851141 Belgium 30,528142 Lesotho 30,355143 Armenia 29,743144 Solomon Islands 28,896 145 Albania 28,748146 Equatorial Guinea 28,051 147 Burundi 27,830148 Haiti 27,750149 Rwanda 26,338150 Macedonia 25,713151 Djibouti 23,200152 Belize 22,966153 El Salvador 21,041154 Israel 20,770155 Slovenia 20,273156 New Caledonia 18,575157 Fiji 18,274158 Kuwait 17,818159 Swaziland 17,364160 Timor-Leste 14,874161 Bahamas, The 13,880162 Montenegro 13,812163 Puerto Rico 13,790164 Vanuatu 12,189165 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 12,173 166 Qatar 11,586 167 Gambia, The 11,295168 Jamaica 10,991169 Kosovo 10,887170 Lebanon 10,400171 Cyprus 9,251172 West Bank 5,860173 Brunei 5,765174 Trinidad and T obago 5,128175 French Polynesia 4,167176 Cape Verde 4,033177 South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands 3,903178 Samoa 2,831179 Luxembourg 2,586180 Comoros 2,235181 Mauritius 2,040182 Virgin Islands 1,910183 Faroe Islands 1,393184 Hong Kong 1,104185 Sao Tome and Principe 964186 Turks and Caicos Islands 948187 Kiribati 811188 Bahrain 760189 Dominica 751190 Tonga 747191 Micronesia, Federated States of 702 192 Singapore 697 193 Saint Lucia 616194 Isle of Man 572195 Andorra 468196 Northern Mariana Islands 464197 Palau 459198 Seychelles 455199 Curacao 444200 Antigua and Barbuda 443201 Barbados 430202 Heard Island and McDonald Islands 412 203 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 389 204 Jan Mayen 377205 Gaza Strip 360206 Grenada 344207 Malta 316208 Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha 308209 Maldives 298210 Cayman Islands 264211 Saint Kitts and Nevis 261212 Niue 260213 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 242214 Cook Islands 236215 American Samoa 199216 Marshall Islands 181217 Aruba 180218 Liechtenstein 160219 British Virgin Islands 151220 Wallis and Futuna 142221 Christmas Island 135222 Dhekelia 131223 Akrotiri 123224 Jersey 116225 Montserrat 102226 Anguilla 91227 Guernsey 78228 San Marino 61229 French Southern and Antarctic Lands 55 230 Saint Martin 54231 Bermuda 54232 Bouvet Island 49233 Pitcairn Islands 47234 Norfolk Island 36235 Sint Maarten 34236 Macau 28237 Tuvalu 26238 United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges 22239 Nauru 21240 Cocos (Keeling) Islands 14241 Tokelau 12242 Wake Island 7243 Gibraltar 7。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

Chapter 1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources
1.Choose the correct answer
1-8 CDBACBBB
2.fill in the blanks
1.Canada\Mexico\the Cuff of Mexico\Atlantic Ocean\the Pacific Ocean
2.The Atlantic seacoast west to the Appalachains\The Mississippi River Basin\The Rockies west to the Pacific
3.most densely\flat\fertile
4.productive\fruits\vegetables
5.Louisiana\Texas\Texas\Oklahoma\California\insufficient\40%
6.little\fresh\12%\richest\productive
Chapter 2 American Population
1.Choose the correct answer
1-8 CBDACDCB
2.fill in the blanks
1.third\250
2.1875\permanent residence\morality\race\national
origin\national
origin\skilled\relatives\270,000\700,000\675,000
3.indentured servants\slaves\1863
4.South\poverty line
5.industrious\intelligent\modle minority\twice
3.Question for discussion
1.Why is the US known as a "melting pot"?
Answer:The United States is known as a "melting pot",meaning that it is composed of immigrants from different nations all over the world.
3.Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs?
Answer:The widespread use of automobiles and the construction of express highways made it possible for people to live farther away from their jobs.The telephone reduces the need for them to work or live in close proximity to one another.Besides these economic and techonological changes, important social factors were involved.Subruban areas offered more living space than cities,lower crime rates,less pollution,and superior schools.It is generally believed that they are a better place for rising children.
Indian Reservation
Answer:Ever since the discocery of the New World in 1492, the Indians have been cruelly treated. They were driven to barren desert regions, the so-called "Indian Reservations".
The reservations usually lack adequate health care facilities, educational opportunities,decent housing,and jobs.
Hispanics
Answer:They are the Spanish-speaking immigrants from Latin American countries. The majority traces their roots to Mexico, Pueto Rico,or Cuba.
Chapter3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World
1.Choose the correct answer
1-8 DABBBCDC
2.fill in the blanks
1.Portuguese\the Cape of Good Hope\Spain\Atlantic\the Cartbbean\West Indians
2.Amerigo Vespueci\America
3.the Virginia Coast\pilgrims\Mayflower Compact
4.appoined by the English King\under proprietors who themselves chose the governors\select governors under self-governing charters
5.fishing\shipbuilding\breadbasket\wheat\potatoes\plantation\ tobacco\cotton
3.Question for discussion
4.What was the social structure of the 13 colonies?
Answer:Society in the 13 colonies was like a pytamid.The top was made up of merchants and landlords.The base was made up of refugees from Europe, black slaves from Africa,
and native Indians.
5.Why did not the American Indians become slaves during the
colonies days?
Answer:They could not put up with slaves. If an Indian was enslaved, his fellow tribe menbers would fight to free him.So the colonialists soon gave up the attempt to use them
as slave labor.Instead they seized the land of the Indians
and drove them away or killed them.
Mayflower Compact
Answer:It is signed by the pilgrims, establishing a form of
local government in which the colonists agree to stick together,to abide by majority rule,to have the right to choose their leader and cooperate for the general good for the colony. The Compact sets the precedent for other colonies as they set up governments.This was the beginning
of the US democracy.
Thanks-giving day
Answer:In 1620,the puritans in the Mayflower came the Rocky coast of what is now Massachusetts.They suffered the first cold ter with the help and advice of the native Indians,the Pilgrim Fathers planted corn and other crops.They reaped a good harvest the following year, and in October,1621,to celebrate this good harvest, the Pilgrims held a feast which featured wild turkey.They called this their Thanks-giving Day.It falls on the 4th Thursday of November.。

新编英美概况许鲁之

各大学英语研究生入学考试方向-科目及参考

新编英美概况(许鲁之)Chapter 3 word for PPT

来安方《新编英美概况》(最新修订版)配套题库【章节题库(含名

许鲁之 - 聊城大学外国语学院 School of Foreign

新编英美概况许鲁之（第四版）Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案

新编英美概况-许鲁之(第四版)课后习题选择填空

新编英美概况许鲁之课后答案

门罗宣言

新编英美概况 许鲁之

新编英美概况 许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案

新编英美概况-许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案

新编英美概况许鲁之(第四版)unit17课后习题简答题答案教学内容

哈尔滨师范大学参考书目

新编英美概况-许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-12课后习题选择填空

新编英美概况-许鲁之教学教材

英美概况教材

英语专业教材列表

新编英美概况（许鲁之）area

新编英美概况许鲁之

新编英美概况许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案