英汉互译论文2

合集下载

英语带汉语翻译的论文

Original English Passage:
"The impact of climate change on marine ecosystems is a pressing concern for environmental scientists. Rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification have profound implications for marine biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics."
Strategies for Effective English-Chinese Translation
英语带汉语翻译的有效策略
Despite the challenges, there are several strategies that can facilitate effective English-Chinese translation in academic papers:
Chinese Translation:
“气候变化对海洋生态系统的影响是环境科学家们关注的一个紧迫问题。海洋温度升高和海洋酸化对海洋生物多样性和生态系统动态产生深远的影响。”
In this example, the Chinese translation successfully conveys the key message of the original English passage while taking into account the cultural and linguistic differences between the two languages. The translation maintains the scientific precision and clarity of the original text, effectively addressing the challenges of technical terminology and structural differences.

有关英汉翻译论文

有关英汉翻译论文范文一：生态学视域下的英汉翻译一、引言:英汉翻译研究生态学视域的成立生态学是研究物质与周围环境关系的一门科学，其发轫之初很长时间里被用于自然科学研究。

而随着生态学的发展和交叉、跨学科研究日趋成熟，社会科学的研究者们发现了生态学与人文社会科学的相容性，认为人文社会领域和自然一样，事物与事物、事物与环境间都发生着联系，没有独立于环境之外的事物和现象，故而认为生态学研究的理论、方法同样适用于社会科学研究。

生态学研究与社会科学研究遂真正结合起来。

20世纪50年代以来，人们对文本的认识由仅仅关注认识文本内部自足性问题发展到研究文本内外部关联问题，研究的视野也随之由微观文字向宏观文化转向，人们对文本的认识，已无法将文本语言与该语言所蕴含或显现的某国或某民族的文化相割断。

对于成功的翻译者来说，他不仅要作为两种语言的专家，还要是两种语言各自代表的文化的熟知者。

对于英汉翻译的研究者来说，他们需要不断探寻着解释原文本与译文本之间形成文化差异的依据———这些依据就是社会各层面因素影响文本文字的关系。

生态学强调事物与其环境协调、互动、互相促进。

在英汉翻译领域，一个成功或优秀的译作应当是不仅内部自足和谐发展，而且内部与外部互惠互利、共生共栖的文本。

其动态性体现在这种交互作用是永无止息、不断旋螺式发展的，而非一成不变或者无意义的重复。

用生态学视角看待英汉翻译，为的是建立一种整体性思维。

有学者为“整体性”的意义进行了阐释:“整体性是生命的基本属性，整体性不是部分的简单累加，也不是由外力推动而形成的原子集合体，它有着超越部分之和的更为丰富的内涵和属性。

”对翻译及其研究工作来说，把握“整体性”是关键。

翻译活动涵盖原文本和译文本，涉及原文作者、译者、译文读者3方，包括语言和文化2个层面，同时受到政治环境、经济环境、主流意识形态等的影响。

梳理和廓清这些形成翻译活动的要素的动态平衡发展，有助于建构英汉翻译研究的生态学视域。

浅析英汉双向口译基本方法论文[大全5篇]

浅析英汉双向口译基本方法论文[大全5篇]第一篇：浅析英汉双向口译基本方法论文【摘要】口译是国际交往活动中的一项十分重要的工作。

随着近年来中国全面走向世界，涉外事务激增，许多领域的对外交流越来越多，对于口译人才的需求因而呈急剧上升之态势。

英语作为世界上应用范围最广泛的语言，对中国的对外交流有着举足轻重的作用。

因此英汉，汉英之间的双语传译，在中国“了解别人，宣传自己”的过程中影响深远。

口译工作在我国由来已久，但相对于实践，口译理论研究工作的开展相对缓慢，这对于口译实践的升华必然造成不小的障碍，并且由于口译训练的艰巨性以及长期性，亟需正确理论的指导，因此口译理论应该与笔译理论一样有较为完备的体系，受到长期关注。

【关键词】英汉口译；汉英口译；记忆训练口译是一名双语学习者对于两种语言接受能力和创造能力的综合体现，对其双语能力均有较高的要求。

其训练包含多种因素，如对于英汉、汉英双语传译的特点，过程的了解，记忆力的操练，以及如何做好笔记，如何做到谙熟英汉两种语言的差别，改变思维方式来提高口译的效率等诸方面问题，绝非一朝一夕之功。

只有努力加强两种语言的文字功底，扩大知识面，多掌握背景知识才是学习的正途。

此外再辅以必要的培训和指导，才有可能使学习具备系统性和逻辑性，不至沙上建塔。

口译培训的目的即在于教导学生正确的口译练习方法,激发学生的潜能，其大致分为以下几个部分：1．英汉口译英汉口译的关键在于英语听力，大多数中国学生并不具备语言环境，因此养成良好的英语收听习惯尤为重要。

听力理解所涵盖的范围很广，大量的词汇储备，良好的意群意识，对英语结构的快速理解，宽泛的知识面，文化背景等等都在理解英语听力材料中或多或少地起着一定的作用。

初学者应从较为浅显的材料入手，如VOA special English,在自己理解力许可范围内，形成英语思维，将词汇盘活，使英语基本结构烂熟于胸。

在进行英译汉练习过程中应注意以下几点：a.要坚持以听懂意思为主，不可拘泥于源语言的具体选词。

英汉翻译论文

英汉翻译论文翻译是两种语言进行交流时的桥梁，起到沟通交流者思想的作用。

下文是店铺为大家整理的关于英汉翻译论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!英汉翻译论文篇1浅析隐喻的英汉翻译【摘要】说明在翻译实践这一特殊形式的跨文化交际中如何有效地解读隐喻。

【关键词】隐喻理解;翻译一、引言隐喻翻译是一项以语言为载体的跨文化交际活动，也是将一种语言所承载的信息传递到另一种语言中去的主体性交往行为。

它以“理解”为核心，语言为基础，融社会批判理论、普通语用学、社会进化理论为统一构架。

二、隐喻的解读隐喻是一种语言使用现象，在“词典中找不到隐喻”。

从现代隐喻学观点来看，隐喻现象应在形式上搭配异常，在语义上类属不同，逻辑错位，从而产生了语义冲突，而当听者对冲突产生回应时，便生成了隐喻的意义，即理解了某一隐喻式言语。

对于隐喻的运作机制，有人曾作过这样描述：“隐喻涉及两个不同领域(范畴)的概念，隐喻意义的产生是两个概念之间相互作用的结果。

这一相互作用通过映射的方式进行。

在映射过程中，属于某一领域的相关概念和结构被转移到另一领域，最终形成一种经过合成的新的概念结构，即隐喻意义。

而这一映射和整合过程的基础是两个领域在某些方面的相似性。

”这无疑表明对隐喻的理解需要双重划分。

隐喻的理解过程应由两部分组成：隐喻的辨认和隐喻意义的推断。

事实上这就是一个由一级理解进人二级理解的过程。

举一个人们常提到的例子“The tongue is a fire”来说，从表述层理解(一级理解)，"tongue”被美国传统词典这样定义："the fleshy，movable,muscular organ, attached in most vertebrates to the floor of the mouth, that is principal organ of taste,important organ of speech"。

英汉互译总结论文

英文原文Grinding is a manufacturing process that involves the removal of metal by employing a rotating abrasive wheel. The latter simulates a milling cutter with an extremely large number of miniature cutting edges. Generally, grinding is considered to be a finishing process that is usually used for obtaining high-dimensional accuracy and better surface finish. Grinding can be performed on flat, cylindrical, or even internal surfaces by employing specialized machine tools, which are referred to as grinding machines. Obviously, grinding machines differ in construction as well as capabilities, and the type to be employed is determined mainly by the geometrical shape and nature of the surface to be ground, e.g. , cylindrical surfaces are ground on cylindrical grinding machines. Surface grinding. As the name surface grinding suggests, this operation involves grinding of flat or plane surfaces. Fig.8.1 indicates the two possible variations, either a horizontal or vertical machine spindle. In the first case (horizontal spindle), the machine usually has a planer-type reciprocating table on which the workpiece is held. However, grinding machines with vertical spindles can have either a planer type table like that of the horizontal-spindle machine or a rotating worktable. Also, the grinding action in this case is achieved by the end face of the grinding wheel, contrary to the case of horizontal-spindle machines, where the workpiece ground by the periphery of the grinding wheel. Fig.8.1a and b alsoindicate the equations to be used for estimating the different parameters of the grinding operation, such as the machining time and the rate of metal removal. During the surface-grinding operations, heavy workpieces are either held in fixtures or clamped on the machine table by scrap clamps and the like, whereas smaller workpieces are usually held by chucks.Cylindrical grinding. In cylindrical grinding, the workpiece is held between centers during grinding operation, and the wheel rotation is the source and cause for the rotary cutting motion, as shown if Fig.8.2. In fact, cylindrical grinding can be carried out by employing any of the following methods: (1) The transverse method, in which both the grinding both the grinding wheel and the workpiece rotate and longitudinal linear feed is applied to enable grinding of the whole length. The depth of cut is adjusted by the cross feed if the grinding wheel into the workpiece. (2) The plunge-cut method, in which grinding is achieved through the cross feed of the grinding wheel and no axial feed is applied. As you can see, this method can be applied only when the surface to be ground is shorter than the width of the grinding wheel used.中文译文磨削加工制造过程中包括采用旋转磨轮去除金属。

关于英汉翻译论文

关于英汉翻译论文翻译的过程不仅涉及语言的转换,还涉及不同特征的文化的转换。

汉英两个民族连同它们的语言在思维方式、价值标准、审美取向、哲学传统、民族心理等方面都存在巨大差异。

下面是店铺为大家整理的关于英汉翻译论文，供大家参考。

关于英汉翻译论文范文一：英汉文化差异及翻译策略【摘要】语言和文化密不可分，它是文化的载体，是文化的最直接的最重要的外在表现形式。

然而，语言是一种抽象的概念，我们如何通过它来了解不同国家文化的异同呢?本论文用对比的方法，对英汉基本颜色的语义及象征意义进行比较，并剖析其产生差异的原因，让大家更深入的了解英美民族与汉民族文化，从而帮助来自不同文化背景的人们更好地进行沟通交流。

这对从事跨文化交际及不同语言翻译的工作者也有所裨益。

由于地域，习俗，政治，宗教和价值观的不同，不同的颜色词往往代表着不同的含义。

【关键词】英汉文化;文化差异;翻译策略1 英汉颜色差异的表现1.1 历史传统的差异在英国人心目中白色是上帝、天使、幸福、纯洁的象征。

“西方人举行婚礼时，新娘要穿白色的婚纱，这源自于英国国家的宗教故事magi和draids在基督复活时穿着白色的衣服。

因此白色在西方国家被广泛地用在婚礼上。

而白色在中国则是丧色。

自古以来亲人死后家属要穿白色孝服，办“白事”，胸襟上别着白色的小花，以此来表达对死去亲人的哀悼和敬意。

红色在中华民族的传统心里中是一种喜庆色，它象征着吉祥、如意，使人联想到幸福与健康。

过新年时贴上红对联、举行婚礼时新娘都要穿上红色喜服，墙上、门上、窗上都贴上红喜字，客人送的礼金或长辈给的红包，都要用红纸包着，以示喜庆。

但在以英语为母语的英美民族眼中，红色则意味着流血、恐怖和危险，甚至会使人联想到淫荡、低级趣味。

如现代西方城市有很多red light district/红灯区，英语的scarlet有“鲜红的、淫荡的、罪名昭彰”之意。

由此可见，因历史传统的不同，英汉两民族对待颜色的态度也大相径庭。

论文翻译中译英

论文翻译中译英IntroductionTranslation plays a crucial role in promoting global communication and understanding. In academic settings, researchers often need to translate their papers from their native language to English in order to reach a wider audience. However, translating academic papers from Chinese to English can be a challenging task due to differences in language structure, cultural nuances, and academic conventions. This paper aims to explore the key challenges and strategies in translating academic papers from Chinese to English.Challenges in Chinese-English Translation1. Sentence Structure DifferencesChinese and English have fundamentally different sentence structures. Chinese sentences tend to be longer and more complex, while English sentences are shorter and more concise. Translating Chinese sentences into English requires careful restructuring to ensure clarity and readability. This canbe particularly challenging when technical or specialized terminology is involved.2. Cultural NuancesCultural nuances and idiomatic expressions are often deeply embedded in Chinese academic writing. Translating these expressions into English while retaining their intended meaning can be difficult. Chinese idioms, proverbs, and metaphors often have no direct equivalents in English and may require adaptation or substitution. Translators need to strike a balance between preserving the cultural context of the original text and ensuring that the translated version is relatable to English-speaking readers.3. Academic ConventionsDifferent academic disciplines have their own set of conventions and terminology. When translating academic papers, it is essential to be familiar with the specific terminology and conventions of the respective field. This requires not only linguistic competency but also a deep understanding of the subject matter. Translators must ensure that their translation accurately represents the originalmeaning and intention of the author while adhering to the academic standards of the target language.Strategies in Chinese-English Translation1. Understanding the Source TextBefore beginning the translation process, it is crucial to thoroughly understand the source text. This involves reading the original paper multiple times to grasp the main ideas, arguments, and key terms. Familiarizing oneself with the subject matter and the author's writing style can help in producing a more accurate and faithful translation.2. Translating for the Target AudienceConsideration of the target audience is essential in academic translation. Translators should be aware of the level of expertise and familiarity of the audience with the subject matter. Technical terms and jargon may need to be explained or simplified to ensure readability. Additionally, cultural references should be carefully adapted to the target culture to maintain relevance and avoid confusion.3. Utilizing Translation ToolsTranslation tools such as dictionaries, glossaries, and online resources can be valuable aids in the translation process. Using specialized dictionaries or glossaries for the respective academic field can help with finding accurate and appropriate terminology. Online translation forums and communities can also be useful for seeking advice and clarifications from other translators or subject matter experts.4. Engaging in Continuous LearningTranslation is a lifelong learning process. Translators should actively seek opportunities to improve their language skills and subject knowledge. Keeping up with the latest research and developments in the field can help translators to stay updated with the terminology and conventions. Professional development courses and workshops can also enhance translation skills and provide insights into best practices.ConclusionTranslating academic papers from Chinese to English requires a combination of linguistic proficiency, subject knowledge,and cultural understanding. The challenges in sentence structure, cultural nuances, and academic conventions need to be carefully navigated. By employing the strategies discussed, translators can overcome these challenges and produce high-quality translations that effectively communicate the intended meaning to the target audience.。

毕业论文英文翻译

毕业论文英文翻译把汉语译成英语或把英语译成汉语是一种语言活动，它既涉及汉英两种语言本身的知识，也涉及多方面的文化背景知识。

下文是店铺为大家整理的关于英文翻译毕业论文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!英文翻译毕业论文篇1英文翻译本质浅析【摘要】尽管翻译是人类最早从事的智力活动之一，但是对“翻译到底是什么”这个本质的问题人们至今也没达成共识。

实际上，译学上的许多重大问题，如翻译的标准问题、直译或意译的问题、翻译是科学还是艺术的问题，最终都可以归结为对翻译本质认识的不同。

笔者在拜读过一篇篇高论后，认识到对翻译本质的讨论集中起来涉及两点，一是翻译是一种怎样的活动，二是翻译是一种什么性质的活动;前者讨论翻译的定义，后者涉及翻译的概念、分类和性质。

【关键词】英文翻译定义性质一、翻译的定义许多人曾为翻译下过定义。

卡特福德给翻译下的定义是：the replacement of textual material in one language (SL)by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)。

(Catford，1965)即“一种语言(译出语)的话语材料被另一种语言(译入语)中的对等的话语材料替代”。

在这里，翻译似乎主要是两种存在状态，一种是源语，一种是译语，既不讲翻译主体，也没有提到翻译过程，很难说它说中了翻译活动的实质。

费道罗夫认为“翻译是用一种语言手段忠实、全面地表达另一种语言表达的东西。

”可以看出上面定义中的等值论观点来自费道罗夫的“忠实”、“全面”。

在揭示翻译活动的本质方面，它们都有一个共同的缺点，就是没能明示翻译与其实活动的根本区别。

其实，摘译、编译等活动都是翻译，因为上述活动都主要表现为语言间的意义转换。

在对翻译本质的认识上，威尔斯比以上二位又进了一步：“翻译是将源语话语变为尽可能等值的译语话语的过程”。

(蔡毅，1995)这里没有硬性规定，只是说“尽可能等值”。

关于英语翻译方向的论文范文

关于英语翻译方向的论文范文翻译在跨文化、跨民族之间的交流和合作中功不可没，英语翻译，它既是语言之间的相互转换，同时也是不同文化间的交流。

下文是店铺为大家整理的英语翻译的论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!英语翻译的论文篇1文化空缺与英汉翻译摘要：不同民族的语言产生于不同的文化背景，所承载的文化也不尽相同，这就必然导致两种语言在表达方式上存在很多相异之处，文化空缺就是这些差异的极端表现，它是一个民族语言和文化与其它民族语言和文化的异质性的充分体现，这无疑增加了翻译的难度。

所以文化空缺的翻译不仅是语言的迁移，更是文化的传播。

关键词：文化空缺英汉翻译翻译作为人类最早进行的交流活动之一，一直在不同的语言集团间沟通信息，对人类社会的发展和进步有非常重要的作用。

正是由于翻译所起的中介作用，民族间才可以互通有无、互相学习、共同发展。

跨文化交际学和文化语言学的兴起与发展，为语言与文化的研究带来了勃勃生机。

而作为跨文化交际的翻译，也因此而更加受到重视，对它的研究也呈现出多角度、多侧面、开放性的特点。

翻译作为不同语言之间人们交流思想和文化不可或缺的手段，在传播文化信息、促进不同民族间的相互了解与民族融合的过程中的重要作用已日益凸显。

翻译界对翻译理论研究的重心从译意到译信息再到以文化为导向的翻译，正说明翻译实质是文化的翻译。

如Bassnet & Lefevele就指出翻译的研究实际上就是文化互动的研究，Nida亦强调译者的双文化能力。

而在交流与翻译活动过程中，各民族由于语言文化异质性的客观存在，会不可避免地出现信息交流的障碍。

其中作为语言文化异质性极致体现形式的文化空缺现象更使交流者进入了两难的境地。

为积极应对空缺现象带来的问题，促使交流与翻译的顺利进行，就必须在交流与翻译过程中逐步探寻处理文化空缺的有效途径和办法。

翻译，在古时候叫做“象寄”或“通事”。

《说文解字》里说：“传译四夷之言者。

”《义疏》里也提到：“译即易，谓换易言语使相解也。

汉英翻译论文

汉英翻译论文翻译的本质是不同思维形式的转换,思维的方式决定着语言的表达形式。

下文是店铺为大家整理的关于汉英翻译论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!汉英翻译论文篇1浅谈汉英旅游文本的翻译1.引言根据Hanvey的观点，跨文化意识是指跨文化交际中参与者对文化因素的敏感性认识，即对异同文化与共同文化的异同的敏感度和在使用外语时根据目标语文化来调整自己的语言理解和语言产出的自觉性。

(Hanvey，1986)。

来自别国的游客常常会持有一些表面文化现象的认识，同时持有与母语文化相反而又被认为缺乏理念的显著文化特征认知。

因而在某种意义上，旅游资料的译者必须通过理性分析取得对文化特征的认知，从异文化持有者的角度感知异文化。

跨文化意识是译者从事旅游资料翻译而进行跨文化交际的最基本的要求。

具体来讲，译者必须以游客为导向，同时牢记读者及游客的需求，尽量保留在目标文本中保留源文本的信息。

2.旅游资料翻译中的跨文化差异2.1 语言表达差异由于文化背景、审美观念和思维方式的不同，中西方在语言表达风格上也不尽相同。

汉语旅游文本大多使用描述性语言，言辞华丽，文笔优美;表达上追求行文工整、声律对仗。

在描述旅游时，英语旅游文体大多风格简约，逻辑严谨;行文简洁，表达直观;整体上重在景点地理环境、服务设施、优势与不足等方面的纯信息传递，并且信息准确、丰富、实用;风光景色的描述性篇幅则着笔不多。

因此，翻译时必须注重译文的实用性和特殊性，注意内外有别。

倘若翻译时一味按汉语的习惯行文用字势必与英语民族的审美心理和欣赏习惯格格不入2.2 文化背景差异旅游资料广泛地反映了旅游客体文化，即与旅游目的地相关的历史文化、建筑文化、园林文化、宗教文化、民俗文化、文学艺术、娱乐文化和人文化的自然景观等。

这与旅游主体(即旅游者)文化相差甚远，在吸引旅游者的同时也会构成了跨文化理解的障碍。

旅游资料中介绍的历史典故、风土人情、价值观念等等无不反映了独特的文化含义，有些甚至在中国尚且鲜有人知，更不用说来自不同文化背景的外国游客。

关于英语翻译方向的论文范文（2）

关于英语翻译方向的论文范文(2)英语翻译的论文篇3浅谈职业教育商务英语翻译人才的培养模式0 前言目前对商务英语的培养我们主要是以相关的课程辅导为主，比如说“商务英语翻译”主要阐述的是一些国家的基本的商务模式，以及语言习惯问题，主要是提高人才的商务能力和翻译能力，保障商务英语专业人才能够正确传达客户之间的交流信息，保障双方的利益。

然而由于长期受传统的培养模式的影响，商务英语人才的培养并没有那么容易。

基于这种情况，研究出一套好的商务英语翻译人才培养的方案是很重要的。

1 商务英语人才在培养过程中常见的一些问题以及解决方法就目前而言主要有下列一些问题：人才在培养的过程中教学知识太过于宽泛，缺乏职业的明确性，没有很强的职业观念。

另一类问题就是在教学的过程中太过于书面化缺少实践的锻炼，同时在人才的考核方面也存在很多缺陷，例如考核的标准太过于单一缺少综合性的体现。

这些都是目前所存在的一些问题，针对这些问题我们提出了一些相对应的措施：首先是加强职业观念的培养，要能够做到专业与职业对口，其次就是要加强实践的力度，可以把一些基本的工作任务分配给学生作为教学的主要内容。

最后就是在人才的考核过程中，我们要实现考核的多样化，提高考核的标准，让能力优先者能够有一个好的平台发挥自己的能力。

1.1 人才培养模式的构建人才的培养最终是服务社会的，所以说在人才培养模式的构建过程中我们需要时刻关注社会的动态与走向，以便培养出来的人才能够更好地服务于社会。

人才培养模式的构建需要我们教师通过多年的教学经验和方法的总结才能构建出来的，长时间地比较各种方法，最后留下高效有用的学习方法。

人才培养模式的构建是需要教育者一起来共同努力的。

在培养的过程中我们要以学生为中心，主要是围绕学生展开一系列的教学活动，力求学生能够在短时间内能够学到大量有用的知识。

以职业能力的培养为主导思想，定义专业的能力标准。

教学主要是以实践任务为主，旨在提高人才的职业能力。

毕业论文英汉翻译

毕业论文英汉翻译英语和汉语是两种不同的语言，各有各自的表达方式。

下文是店铺为大家整理的关于毕业论文英汉翻译的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!毕业论文英汉翻译篇1英汉翻译中的翻译症摘要：英汉翻译的过程中。

存在着翻译症这一诟病。

文章首先介绍了翻译症。

然后通过分析翻译过程中理解、表达、审校三个阶段翻译症的一些表现形式。

总结出翻译症的根源，最后提出了相应的防范措施。

关键词：英汉翻译;翻译症一、什么是翻译症英汉翻译把英语表达的意思用汉语表达出来，以达到沟通思想情感、传播文化知识、促进社会文明的目的，译文的基本标准一般为“忠实而通顺”。

所谓的忠实指的是译文要忠实于原作的思想内容和并且尽量保持原作的风格;在忠实的基础上译文还应该修辞正确、逻辑合理、语言精简、文理通顺，即所谓的通顺。

由于英汉两种语言文化背景不一，行文结构与遣词造句的习惯也相去甚远，语际转换不可避免地产生一些矛盾。

翻译的过程其实就是这种矛盾不断妥协的过程。

著名学者、翻译家余光中将其形象地概括为“比如英文译成中文，既不许西风压倒东风，变成洋腔洋调的中文，也不许东风压倒西风，变成油腔滑调的中文”。

但在英汉翻译实际操作的过程中由于英语的先入为主，矛盾对峙的结果往往一不小心西风就压倒了东风，译出来的文字便“不中不西，非驴非马，似通非通、诘屈聱牙”;让人看起来“看起来碍眼、听起来逆耳、说起来拗口”。

尤今・奈达在《翻译理论与实践》提到了这种现象，专门造了一个词――translationese。

翻译症不但严重影响译文的质量，而且会影响汉语语言的纯洁性，不利于汉语语言的健康发展。

二、探寻翻译症的原因英汉翻译是一项及其复杂的工作，理解、表达、审校三个翻译阶段，任何一个阶段处理不好都可能导致翻译症的发生。

(一)理解阶段理解的过程就是对原文进行语言分析(比如词汇、语法结构等)、语境分析(上下文含义、篇章语体结构等)，并力求透彻领会文本所承载的文化内涵，了解相关的背景知识，有时需要具备一定的生活常识。

毕业论文中英文摘要互译（合集5篇）

毕业论文中英文摘要互译（合集5篇）第一篇：毕业论文中英文摘要互译随着轻轨的发展,噪声的污染越来越严重。

声屏障作为一种降低交通噪声有效而经济的方法,将会在一定程度上得到发展。

现在,人们对轻轨噪声关注程度的增加,如何有效地设置轻轨声屏障,使其更好地发挥降噪效果已经成为一个亟待研究的课题。

从分析声屏障的降噪原理出发,研究声屏障的高度、位置、敷设的吸声材料等对轻轨降噪效果的影响。

本文初设两套方案,声源为无限长线声源,采用德国shall 03类型（轨道中心线）,用直立型单侧吸声型声屏障,隔声材料为钢及钢化玻璃,吸声材料为纤维多孔吸声材料超级玻璃棉。

方案一,声屏障高4m,一楼到七楼插入损失为19.41dB（A）～15.97dB（A）；方案二,声屏障高4.5m,一楼到七楼插入损失19.97dB（A）～15.99dB（A）。

由降噪效果和经济性,确定方案一为最佳方案。

通过分析得出：在尽量靠近声源处设置声屏障,增加声屏障的高度,在声屏障内侧敷设吸声材料,都将有利于取得更好的降噪效果。

最后,介绍声屏障的设计目标值及计算方法并对其主要承重部件-立柱进行强度和连接校核。

要求With the development of the light railway,the noise pollution becomes very important problem.Sound barrier,an effective and comparatively inexpensive measure of controlling noise,will be developed to some degree.Recently,people pay more attention to the light railway noise.How to install the sound barrier effectively so as to make the noise reduction more effective has become an urgent research topic.Starting with the analysis of the noise reduction principle,this paper studied the influence of light railway sound barrier on light railway’s noise reduction effect in the three aspects：height,position,sound absorbing material.Thia page have worked out two precepts,the source is infinite line source,which use shall 03 shape of Germany(the centye of the railway);this two precepts use englong shaped andabsorbing noise barrier,insulate material is steel and glass, absorbing material is super glass cotton with fibre holes.The first precept,the hight of noise barrier is 4m,the insert loss from the first floor to the senventh floor is 19.41dB（A）～15.97dB （A）;the second precept,the hight of noise barrier is 4.5m,the insert loss from the first floor to the senventh floor is19.97dB （A）～15.99dB（A）.the first precept is better,because the effect of noise reduction and the economy effect.From the analysis,we can achieve:the effect of noise reduction will more better,when the noise barrier is installed as near as the source,enhight the barrier, sound absorbing material is laid the inside of the barrier.At the last,this page introduces the design object and the calculate method of the barrier,and checks the main bearing assembly’s intension and connection if satisfied the require of using.第二篇：5、毕业论文中英文摘要某某大学2008届毕业论文互动——广播新闻发展的必然选择摘要：在当今时代，互动已成为构成传播意识的重要元素，并逐渐成为各类媒体的发展趋势。

关于英汉翻译的论文

关于英汉翻译的论文英语和汉语是两种高度发展的语言，对比其异同，对于英语翻译教学是很重要的。

下文是店铺为大家整理的关于英汉翻译的论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!关于英汉翻译的论文篇1英汉语言的异同及其翻译策略在英汉翻译中，两种语言在词汇方面的不同主要体现在词的意义，词的顺序和词的搭配能力三个方面;从句法方面来说，英语和汉语在句子结构，句子顺序和其他一些表达方式上则有各自的特点。

下面笔者就从词汇现象和句法现象两方面来探讨英汉的对应程度如何，以及根据这些对比，在进行翻译实践时，应该运用哪些翻译技巧。

1、英汉语言的对比1.1英汉词汇现象的对比首先，从词的意义方面来看。

词汇作为语言的三要素之一，相比于语音和语法，它的变化最快。

随着社会和科学的不断发展和变化，在语言中一方面增加了新词，一方面旧词增添了新的意义。

人类发明轮船以前，用的是帆船，英语“sail”一词原意为“帆”,短语“setsail”,就有张帆起航之意。

但是随着社会的发展，帆船逐渐被用煤，柴油，甚至是用核动力的轮船所代替。

自从潜艇出现后，“sail”这个词又增添了“潜艇指挥塔”的新含义。

这就是词义的发展变化，我们在对比英汉语言时，应该明确它们的对应情况是随着时间的变迁和社会的发展而发展变化着的。

英语词汇在汉语里的对应程度，大致可以归纳为四种情况。

第一，完全对应。

英语中的词所表达的意义，可以在汉语里找到完全对应的词来表达。

如“computationallinguistics”(计算语言学)，“TheU.S.StateDepartment”(美国国务院)。

这主要是一些已有通用译名的专用名词，术语和生活中常见事物名称等。

第二，部分对应。

英语中有些词和汉语中的词汇在词义上只能部分对应，体现在有广义和狭义之分。

如“morning”(上午，早晨)，“gun”(枪，炮)，一个英语单词相对应有较多的汉语意义.第三,无对应。

英语中有些词或汉语里有些词在对方语言里找不到对应的词来表达。

英汉翻译论文范文

英汉翻译论⽂范⽂英汉翻译过程包括理解和表达两个重要的阶段，只有在正确理解原⽂词义的基础上,才能正确地表达原⽂。

下⽂是店铺为⼤家整理的关于英汉翻译论⽂范⽂的内容，欢迎⼤家阅读参考! 英汉翻译论⽂范⽂篇1 探析英汉翻译陷阱【摘要】英语陷阱的表现形式多种多样，常常是句⼦或词语的表层结构与其要表达的真实含义相反。

为了避免落⼊英语陷阱，学习者对英语的某些词句、语义应克服表⾯化的理解，也不能简单照搬辞典上的释义，更不能望⽂⽣义;对中西⽂化差异也必须有深刻的了解。

只要对英语陷阱多注意、多分析、多体会，便可避免误⼊⼀些似是⽽⾮的“陷阱”。

【关键词】英汉翻译;陷阱;表层结构;深层含义英语陷阱的表现形式多种多样，对学习者来说的确是⼀个必须要注意的问题。

在英汉翻译中，初学者往往从语法⾓度对英汉两种语⾔做机械对⽐，有时还下意识地将词典释义不加斟酌，拿来就⽤。

在审查译⽂表达是否准确时，⼜习惯于将⾃⼰的母语思维定势⽤作衡量正误的标准。

这些做法实际上都很容易造成释义与原⽂真实含义的脱节，甚⾄南辕北辙，落⼊英语“陷阱”。

⼀、短语翻译中的陷阱例⼦如下： 1、confidence man 误译：值得信赖的⼈正译：骗⼦ 2、sleep late 误译：睡觉很晚正译：起床很晚 3、black tea 误译：⿊茶正译：红茶 4、gas mask 误译：赌⽓⾯具正译：防毒⾯具 5、mad-doctor 误译：发疯的医⽣正译：精神病医师 6、lightning rod 误译：闪电针正译：避雷针 7、trouble man 误译：制造⿇烦的⼈正译：故障检修员 8、be in control 误译：被控制正译：掌控……，控制…… 9、flu mask 误译：流感⼝罩正译：卫⽣器具 10、fire engine 误译：点⽕机器正译：救⽕车、消防车 11、fire wall 误译：着⽕的墙正译：防⽕墙对这些短语均须准确理解，否则便会落⼊陷阱之中。

英语翻译论文范文

英语翻译论文范文In the contemporary era, the role of technology in education is undeniably significant. The integration of digital tools and platforms has transformed the way educators teach and students learn. This paper aims to explore the multifaceted impact of technology on modern education, focusing on bothits advantages and challenges.Firstly, technology has democratized access to education. With the proliferation of online learning platforms, students from diverse backgrounds can access a wealth of educational resources. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have made it possible for individuals to learn from renowned professors without the constraints of geographical location or financial limitations.Secondly, the use of technology in classrooms has enhanced the interactive and collaborative nature of learning. Interactive whiteboards, educational apps, and virtualreality (VR) are some of the tools that have made learning more engaging and immersive. These tools not only cater to different learning styles but also promote critical thinking and problem-solving skills.However, the integration of technology in education is not without its drawbacks. One of the primary concerns is the digital divide, where unequal access to technology can exacerbate existing educational disparities. Additionally,there is a risk of students becoming overly reliant on technology, potentially neglecting the development of essential skills such as critical reading and analytical thinking.Furthermore, the rapid pace of technological advancement presents challenges for educators. It requires continuous professional development to stay abreast of new tools and pedagogical approaches. The balance between traditional teaching methods and technology-assisted learning must be carefully considered to ensure that the educational experience remains holistic and well-rounded.In conclusion, technology has undeniably reshaped the landscape of modern education. While it offers numerous opportunities for enhancing learning experiences, it also presents challenges that need to be addressed. The key lies in harnessing the power of technology to supplement, not supplant, the educational process, ensuring that it serves as a tool for empowering students to become lifelong learners.。

浅谈英汉翻译论文怎么写（2）

浅谈英汉翻译论文怎么写(2)英汉翻译论文篇三：《试谈高职非英语专业学生英汉翻译教学现状及对策》随着我国国际化、全球化的程度不断提高，即使是大学和高职非英语专业毕业生在工作之后都须时常接触中英语言转换的工作。

高职非英语专业的毕业生，如果进入运输、物流、服务、财会等行业领域，工作中较强的英汉翻译能力成为必须。

因此，如何加强高职高专非英专学生翻译能力，应对工作岗位需求，是亟待解决的问题。

1 翻译理论教学内容对于高职高专非英语专业学生究竟是否应当介绍翻译理论知识，抑或介绍何种翻译理论，是目前高职非英专课堂上并不明确的内容。

一些教师认为，因面向的是非英语专业学生，不必介入翻译理论知识的教学，主要侧重句意、词义的准确转换即可;而一些教师则将某些翻译专业使用的教学材料照搬到非英专学生的课堂，授课内容艰涩难懂，学生难以理解和接受。

高职非英语专业学生虽然并未将翻译作为专业，但如果完全不了解基本的翻译知识，容易出现以下种种错误，因此，相应补充基础的翻译理论是必不可少的。

1.1 字典误用许多高职非英语专业学生，初接触翻译时最难处理的是与字典之间的关系。

首先，字典不可不用。

许多学生为图方便，看到常见的词，往往直接将自己最熟悉的词义译出;或者一旦查到一种词语的释义，就不假思索地予以采纳，最终造成词不达意。

确认词义的之前，应当勤查字典，了解一个单词的多种含义，最后做出定夺。

但是，字典也不可全靠。

另一个非英专学生的特点是有了字典就产生迷信，完全照搬字典释义，以为只要是字典里查到的意义就是正确的;结果常常是翻译腔尽显，或者语言表达生硬艰涩。

对此教师应当告知学生如何恰当调整词义。

“开译之前，通读全文是最紧要的……只有这样，才能从大处着眼，小处着手，前后贯通”[1]。

一个词语的意义并非是孤立的，而是会因为各种因素而产生变化。

搭配关系、上下文、感情色彩以及专业背景等等都牵涉到词义的选择。

因此在翻译时应当多查词义，通读全文，综合考虑多种关系，确定最适合的意义。

英汉习语翻译论文

英汉习语翻译论文英汉翻译主要包括理解与表达两个阶段,其本质上是将英文或中文表达的意义用另一语言表达出来。

在英汉翻译中,只有在具体语境中才可对原文进行行之有效的理解与表达。

下面是店铺为大家整理的英汉习语翻译论文，供大家参考。

英汉习语翻译论文范文一：运用创新理念深化英汉翻译教学改革_趋势论文导读:：翻译教学从20世纪70年代以前至今,经历了几个阶段的改革,由最初的词句翻译技巧到篇章翻译教学,再由交际教学法到过程教学法等。

随着时代的发展，翻译教学方法也在不断改进，翻译课程教学面临改革的新趋势，即在翻译教学中引入创新理念，注重文化元素，特别是中外文化的差异。

总之，在当今这个多元化的社会，翻译教学也应进行多方面的改进。

论文关键词：翻译教学，趋势，创新，文化差异随着学界对翻译研究的不断深入，翻译理论层出不穷，先后出现了交际理论、多元体学、解构主义、功能翻译、语篇翻译和文化转向等等。

这些理论的发展和翻译观念的改变，要求翻译教学上个新的台阶。

本文就翻译教学的今昔以及发展趋势作一论述。

一、从20世纪70年代以前到90年代的翻译课程教学模式和方法传统的翻译教学可以追溯到20世纪70年代之前，当时翻译课的教材一般选用我国原教育部所推荐的《英汉翻译教程》与《汉英翻译教程》。

该教材的特点是词和句为翻译单位，重点训练词句两个层面的一些翻译技巧，如：转译法、增词法、重复法、省略法等。

对学生的训练没有超出句子的范围，属于翻译的基础训练。

在课堂教学方面，传统的教学方法，一般是教师根据本课内容，通过译例介绍某一翻译技巧，译例可能是教材上的，也可能是教师自己收集的，多半为浅显易懂的句子。

教学过程中教师以讲解为主，偶尔会提问学生和让学生讨论，课后会发给学生一些讲义，让其练习。

这种没有上下文的单句练习有着一定的局限性，因为词与句的意义更多取决于上下文的篇章，而不能孤立地看待。

但当时的翻译课只局限于教授词句层次的技巧，没有上升到篇章的翻译。

浅谈英汉翻译论文怎么写

浅谈英汉翻译论文怎么写翻译的本质是两种不同思维形式的转换，中英文化与思维习惯存在巨大差异，难免会导致一些翻译误差出现。

下面是店铺为大家整理的英汉翻译论文，供大家参考。

英汉翻译论文篇一：《英汉习语中的文化差异及其翻译》论文导读：跨文化交际学在我国的历史很短。

习语是语言的精华。

英汉习语的文化差异。

随着翻译逐渐被认同为一种跨文化交际的行为。

跨文化交际，英汉习语中的文化差异及其翻译。

关键词：跨文化交际，习语，文化差异，翻译1 引言跨文化交际学在我国的历史很短，但是发展速度却相当快。

随着翻译逐渐被认同为一种跨文化交际的行为，人们也开始从跨文化交际的角度来研究翻译。

语言是文化的载体，习语是语言的精华，蕴含深厚的文化内涵。

习语，是指经过人们长期使用沿袭而提炼出来的形式简洁、意义精辟的定型词组或短语。

就广义而言，习语包括成语、谚语、俗语、歇后语、俚语、格言等。

英语和汉语是高度发展的语言，历史悠久，蕴含着大量的习语。

然而，英汉文化多方面的差异影响人们正确理解和恰当使用习语。

本文将在理解英汉文化差异的基础上浅析如何处理英汉习语中形象的翻译方法。

2 英汉习语的特点与对应关系习语具有以下特点：1、来自民间。

具有鲜明的人民性和民族特色;2、习语是语言的重要修辞手段，也是各种修辞手段的集中体现;3、习语是语言中的特殊成分，它在意义上具有整体性，在语法和逻辑推理上有时不符合一般的规律，在用词上保持相对固定。

根据形式和含义相似程度的不同，英汉习语主要呈现三种对应关系。

2.1 基本对应基本对应指的是英汉习语在意义和用法上大致相同，有的内容与形式基本一致，有的内容一致，形式有所不同，但总的看来，基本对应。

英汉习语的形象和比喻意相似或者甚至相同时，可采用直译法。

如：walls have ears— 隔墙有耳;as light as a feather — 轻如鸿毛;Failure isthe mother of success. — 失败乃成功之母等。

论文英汉互译

本科毕业设计（论文）中英文对照翻译院（系部）资源环境学院专业名称地质工程年级班级 2007-02学生姓名于换涛指导老师马光二0一一年六月一日Bainiuchang super-large silver-polymetallic ore depositrelated to granitic magmatism in Mengzi, YunnanLIU Ji-shun(刘继顺)1, ZHANG Hong-pei(张洪培)1, 2, OUYANG Yu-fei(欧阳玉飞)1, ZHANG Cai-hua(张彩华)2(1. School of Geoscience and Environmental Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;2. Mengzi Minning and Metallurgy Co. Ltd., Mengzi County, Yunnan 661100, China)Abstract: Bainiuchang silver-polymetallic ore deposit is located in the southeast Yunnan tin-polymetallic metallogenic belt. The probable reserves and inferred resources of the deposit are of 6470 t Ag and 1.10 Mt Pb and 1.72 Mt Zn and 86 kt Sn. Orebodies of the deposit occur in clastic-carbonate rocks of Tianpeng Formation and Longha Formation of the middle Cambrian System above the Bainiuchang concealed granite of the late Yanshan period. The concealed granite has the characteristics of tin-bearing granites.Abundance of the mineralization elements Sn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag and Sb is high in the granitic rocks. Sulphur isotope data of the metal sulphides indicate that most sulphur is derived from the magmas. The ores are similar in rare earth element(REE) patterns to the granitic rocks. The granitic magma activity results in ore-bearing structures. Rocks of the Middle Cambrian System above the concealed intrusion suffer from skarnization, hornfelsing, marbleization, siliconizing and carbonatization. The mineralization elements Sn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag and Sb successively appear from the top of the granite to surrounding rocks. These evidences indicate that the granitic magmatism is the principal mineralization factor. The opinion that the south Bainiuchang ore field and the north Awei ore block are tin and copper potential exploration areas was put forward and was verified by drilling tests.Key words: Bainiuchang; super-large silver-polymetallic deposit; granite; granitic-porphyry; tin ore1 IntroductionBainiuchang silver-polymetallic ore deposit in Mengzi County is one of the super-large deposits[1]discovered in Yunnan in 1980s. It is located in the southeast Yunnan tin-polymetallic metallogenic belt.There are three granitic intrusions, named Gejiu, Bozhushan and Dulong Laijunshan granites, which are almost equidistant outcropping in the southeast of Yunnan. The granites and the surrounding strata host three super-large tin (silver) polymetallic ore deposits. The Gejiu deposit mainly hosts Sn and Pb, and Dulong deposit mainly occurs Sn and Zn ore. The submitted probable reserves and inferred resources of the Bainiuchang deposit located at 7 km northwest Bozhushan ganite give priority to Ag-Pb-Zn. There are mainly two views to interpret the genesis of the Bainiuchang deposit at present. Some geologists regard the Bainiuchang deposit as an exhalative sedimentary mineral deposit[2−4]. Others think that the deposit is formed by exhalative sedimentary superimposed by the granitic magamatism of the Yanshan period[5−6]. Few people emphasize the importance of the granite. The tin prospecting potential for the deposit has been greatly underestimated. However, after preliminary research on the Bainiuchang deposit, it is discovered that the deposit is distinctly controlled by granites, and many evidences are conflicting with the exhalative sedimentary origin[7].In this paper, the genetic relationship between granitic rocks and the deposit was studied, and the feasibility of tin prospecting was reviewed.2 Geologic characteristics of Bainiuchang deposit2.1 Geological settingBainiushan-Bozhushan area, which is the important part of Sn polymetallic ore belt in the southeast of Yunnan, lies in the southeast folded belt, west-extended section of South China fold system[8−10]. The exposed formation consists of Paleozoic Cambrian clastic rocks with carbonate, Lower Ordovician carbonate with clastic rocks, Devonian carbonate with clastic rocks, Carbonic carbonate and Permian carbonate-clastic rocks with basic volcanic rocks. No much Mesozoic groupoccurs in the district only with Triassic clastic rocks with carbonate formation (shown in Fig.1)The main format of regional tectonics belongs to fold-fault system composed of a series of fold, compressive and compress-shear faults, on the north-east structural line. Regionally magma acted intensively. The eruption of basic magma in Hercynian period and the acidic magmatic intrusion in the late Yanshan period have formed upper Permian Ermaishan basalt in the east and Bozhushan granite in the southeast. The concealedgranite, granite-porphyry, ，monzonite vein and some sporadically distributing dolerite are also discovered in the Bainiuchang orefield. The major mineralization elements in the area include W, Sn, Fe, As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag and Sb, which occur around the Bozhushan granite and in the exocontact of the Bainiuchang concealed granite.2.2 Deposit geologyThe strata in Bainiuchang orefield are clastic rock-carbonite rock construction of lower Devonian and lower-middle Cambrian. The sedimentary sequence from top to bottom is as follows:1) Lower devonian consists of clastic rocks-carbonate rocks of Bajiaojing formation(D1b), Pojiao formation (D1p), and Posongchong formation (D1ps).2) Middle Cambrian consists of Longha formation(Є 2l), Tianpeng formation (Є 2t) and Dayakou formation(Є 2d). Longha formation is mainly composed of a set of dolomite formed coastal supralittoral zone under lagoon environment. Tianpeng formation is composed of the rock association of limestone and siltite formed under the coastal tidal flat environment. Dayakou formation is composed of silty limestone.3) Lower Cambrian consists o f Dazhai formation(Є1d) and Chongzhuang formation (Є1ch). Dazhai formation is mainly composed of silty porphyry and limestone formed in the upper part of neritic continental shelf, the central and lower section of coastal zone.Chongzhuang formation is composed of fine gravel thin silty slate and carbonaceous silty formed under neritic contimental shelf environment.The ore-bearing strata mainly focus on the intermediate zone between the upper section of Tianpeng formation and the lower section of Longha formation.The format of the field structure belongs to fold-fault system, mainly on the NWW-trending structural line, the NE- and NS-trending folds and faults interpenetrate in the main line, which is inconsistent with the NE-trending regional tectonics.Yuanbaoshansynclinorium, Awei anticline, Bainiuchang syncline and Chuanxindong anticline make up of the western section of Bainiuchang-Luchachong brachy-anticlinorium,which is obviously superimposed over the NE-trending Bainiuchang-Malutang anticline.The NW- and NWW-trending faults include F2, F3,F4, F5, F6, F7, F8. Among them, F4, F5, F6, F7andF8are all high-angle normal faults, converging at F3.F3, a lower-angle denudational fault[11], generally striking by 200°−230° and dipping 10°−35°, is the hostspace of the main orebody V1. The upper part serves as boundary between Tianpeng formation and Longha formation. The lower section penetrates into the strata of Tianpeng formation.The tension belt occurs in county rocks above the Bainiuchang concealed granite in the south of Awei-Duimenshan and also develops in the marble, skarn,hornstone and altered dolomite in the contact zone. The thickness of the tension belt ranges from 200 to 400 m. The cracks have tensional character distributing closely and filling with sulfide vein. The surface of cracks is uneven, zigzag and irregular. The fissure dips by 60°−90°,with multiple directions of dip.The deposit is divided into five ore blocks, i.e.Baiyang, Duimenshan, Miwei, Chuanxindong and Awei. The main orebody (V1) is bedded and slightly tilting. The body is 4.84 km long, averaged at 5.89 m thick. The maxtilting depth extends 2.5 km. The resources of it take up over 98% of the whole deposit, including 1.10 Mt of Pb resource, 1.72 Mt of Zn, 6 470 t of Ag and 86 kt of Sn. Other orebodies, which lie over or under the V1 orebody,are mainly discovered by single drilling. The scale is very small and the grade is lower. The main orebody V1 is controlled by F3 fault, trending by 192°−239°, dipping by 15°−30°. Seen from the section, it slowly changes wave-like.The main ore structures range from disseminated structure, massive structure, veinlet-vein structure and banded structure to brecciform structure. The ore textures include colloform texture, granular texture, metasomatic texture, exsolution texture, poikilitic texture, corrugation structure, mortar texture and mylonitic texture. About 53 ore minerals were found in the deposit, mainly including pyrite, marcasite, pyrrhotite,arsenopyrite, sphalerite-marmatite, galena, boulangerite and cassiterite. The silver minerals are freibergite,phyargyrite, and miargyrite. The crystallization sequencefor these minerals from early to late is as follows:cassiterite-quartz association, arsenopyrite-pyrite-pyrrhotite association and chalcopyrite-marmatite-quartz association, pyrite-galena-sphalerite-pyrrhotite-quartz-calcite association (with stannite and chlorite),pyrite-marcasite-galena-sphalerite-calcite paragenetic association, stibnite-quartz-calcite association, and ferrodolomite and manganese dolomite association.The ores are chemically rich in Si, Fe and S, and poor in K, P, Mn and Ti. They also enrich Pb, Zn, Ag, Sn,As, Cu, Ga, In and Gd. The V1 orebody contains 1.56% of Pb, 2.46% of Zn, 92 g/t of Ag and 0.12% of Sn.3 Petrology of granitic rocks3.1 Distribution of granitic rocksThe Bainiuchang orefield lies on the trend line of the Bozhushan granite. In the exploration stage, the concealed granite was respectively discovered at 1 345 mlevel and 1 396 m level in ZK126-10 and ZK130-11 drill hole in the south of Awei ore block. Recently, the concealed granite is discovered in another six drill holes at the depth of 1 250−1 420 m in the south of the orefield and the north of Awei ore block. So, the controlled Bainiuchang concealed granite NWW-trending, is over 2 100 m long, over 1 000 m wide. On surface, the granite-porphyry veins expose in Yutang-Chaigoupo andYuanbaoshan-Duimenshan; the large-scale granite-porphyry veins and monzonite veins occur in the deep section of Chuanxintong and Duimenshan ore blocks. The existing project record shows that both the granite rock mass and granite-porphyry veins strike closely NW trending, north-uplift and south-falling, just as F3 fault does.3.2 Petrology and geochemistry characteristics3.2.1 Concealed graniteThe concealed granite intrudes the strata of the carbonate rocks and clastic rocks of Tianpeng formation(Є 2t) and lower strata. The granite is composed of biotite adamellite, with fine granular-coarse granitic texture.The major rock-forming minerals consist of 30%−45%of K-feldspar (including orthoclase and perthite),25%−30% of plagioclase, 20%−35% of quartz, 5%−10%of biotite. The accessory minerals include apatite, zircon and tourmaline. The rocks host many metallic minerals such as scheelite, cassiterite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, marmatite, pyrrhotite and pyrite.The rocks have strong alkalic characteristics, rich in Na and K. The content of K2O amounts to 5.28% , and that of Na2O takes up 2.90% on average,w(K2O)/w(Na2O) ＞1(shown in Table 1)[10]. A/NCK=0.93−1.07, so, it belongs to Al-supersaturationseries—normal series. The initial value of m(Sr87)/m(Sr86) equals 0.7144. The total amounts of REE of the rocks are higher than that of normal granites, and the former isrich in LREE and shows obviously Eu-negative anomaly (shown in Table 2 andFig.2). The genetic type of the granite belongs to S-type tin-bearing granite[12−14]. TheRb-Sr isochron age of the granite is 80.17 Ma[10],suggesting that the granite formed during the late Yanshan period.In sum, all Bainiuchang granite, Gejiu granite[15]and Dulong Laojunshan granite[16] are formed in the same period, and have the same characteristics on petrology and rock geochemistry approximately.3.2.2 Granite-PorphyryThose rocks are light-ruby, grey or grayish brown, having porphyritic texture. The phenocryst is composed of 1%−10% of quartz, 2%−10% of K-feldspar and 1%−3% of biotite. The matrix is fine-granular granitic texture. The matrix minerals consist of K-feldspar, quartz, biotite and litte apatite and zircon. The major metallic minerals include pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena and cassiterite. These metallic minerals usually make up metallic sulphide ore veinsThe rocks are chemically enriched in K and depleted in Na. Those rocks belong to Al-supersaturation.The rocks suffer from alteration intensively. The feldspar phenocrysts are kaolinised and the matrixes are replaced by sericite, chlorite and carbonate.3.2.3 MonzoniteThe monzonites are only discovered in the section of Duimenshan from Line63 to Line102. Those rocks occur as veins. The normal thickness ranges from 1.28 to7.17 m. They have monzonitic texture or porphyritic-like texture. The major minerals include plagioclase,K-feldspar, biotite and chlorite. Intensive alterations such as chloritization, carbonation and metallic sulphide mineralization, also occur in these rocks.4 Ore-controlling of granitic intrusions4.1 Source of ore-forming materialsThe major ore minerals in orebodies such as pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena,arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite and cassiterite are also discovered in granite andgranite-porphyry. The granite-porphyry has strong mineralization and locally forms industrial orebodies. The average content of the ore-forming elements Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Sn, As and Sb (shown in Table 2) in the granite is 3.49−100 times higher than that of normal granites (from Vinogradov, 1962). The average content of Sn is 46.05×10−6, and 15.35 times that of normal granites. The average content of Sn of tin-bearing granites[17] inChina ranges from 20 ×10−6 to 213 ×10−6. So, Bainiuchang granite may be one of tin-bearing granites.The δS34 of ores, distributing like a tower in the frequency bar chart (shown in Fig.3), is limited to a scope from −4.00‰ to +6.00‰ and the δS34 of pyrite (3.16‰) is higher than that of galena (2.06‰), which is higher than that of sphalerite (1.62‰), suggesting that S in sulphide originates from the deep magma.The REE pattern of ores is similar to that of the concealed granite and the granite-porphyry (shown in Fig.3). The lines on the REE pattern figure sharply incline right. Both those ores and rocks show obviously Eu-negative anomaly, indicating that the ores may be cognate with granite and granite-porphyry.4.2 Spacial zoning of alteration and mineralizationFrom the center (taking the concealed granite as the alteration center) to the outside strata composed of the clastic rock-carbonatite, the alteration was divided into contact metamorphic zone, silication zone and carbonation zone. The contact metamorphic zone, at the normal thickness of about 300 m, has obvious skarnization, hornfelsing and marbleization.The mineralization of Cu, Sn, Pb, Zn, and Ag occurred in the contact metamorphic zone, among those metals, the dominated minerals are Cu and Sn. The silication zone and carbonation zone lie to the outside of the contact metamorphic zone, having Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag and Sb mineralization. From the contact zone to clastic rock-carbonatite strata, the following mineralized elements occur insequence(Sn→Cu→Zn→Pb→Ag→Sb).V1 is a Zn-Pb-Ag–Sn composite orebody. The proved copper orebody lies under V1, on the top margin of which lies the independent silver orebody. The independent Sb orebody lies in the exocontact of V1. As far as V1is concerned, the value of ω(Zn)/ω(Zn +Pb) in the upper section is lower than 0.60 (ω(Zn)/ω(Zn +Pb)＜0.60), on the other hand, ω(Zn)/ω(Zn +Pb) in the lying section is higher than 0.60. For instance, ω(Zn)/ω(Zn +Pb) in the upper Baiyang section is 0.58 and than in the lower section is 0.68;ω(Zn)/ω(Zn+Pb) in Duimenshan section equals 0.54, however in V3 ore body,which lies just under V1, (ω(Zn)/ω(Zn+Pb)=0.77)reaches 0.77. Closer to the concealed granite,Zn-Pb-Ag-Sn composite orebody has more zinc hosts.4.3 Ore-forming temperature and pressureThe ore-forming temperature of Bainiuchang ranges from 52℃to 520 ℃, and gradually decreases from Awei through Chuanxindong, Baiyang, Miwei, and Maoshandong.There exists a pressure gradient around the concealed granite[10]. The diagenetic pressure of the concealed granite is focused at 150−250 MPa. The ore-forming pressure in the contact metamorphic zone is 160−280 MPa. The pressure forming the V1 orebodyranges from 43 to 160 MPa above the contact metamorphic zone. However, the antimony-forming pressure is lower, limited to 42−70 MPa in Ma oshandong far from the concealed granite.4.4 Relationship between granitic intrusive and ore-bearing structureThe ore-bearing fault (F3) is formed by magmatic intrusion and Bainiuchang-Luchachong brachy-anticlinorium in the district responding to the magmatic emplacement and uplift[11]. The attitude of the ore-bearing fault (F3) is concordant with that of the granite-porphyry veins and the top surface of the Bainiuchang concealed granite. A part of mineralizing fluid fills the tension belt, which consists of dense fissures above the concealed granite, to form veinlet ores.Mentioned above evidences indicate that the deposit is closely related to the granite. Based on characteristics of the deposit, it may be classified to the skarn type[18]. As most other skarn deposits, the zonation pattern of the deposit is a guide to mineral deposit exploration[13, 19].5 Prospecting and test resultBased on the research results on the relationship between Bainiuchang deposit and granitic rocks, and the alteration and mineralization zoning, it was proposed that the enriched and thick Zn-Pb-Ag composite orebodies could be discovered along granite-porphyry veins, the independent Zn or Cu orebodies could be found under the Zn-Pb-Ag composite orebodies, and the independent tin ore Cu orebodies may occur in the contact between the concealed granite intrusion and sedimentary rocks. In 2005, the south Bainiuchang orefield and the north Awei were circled as prospecting targets for tin, copper and zinc orebodies. After carrying out hybrid-source magnetotellurics electrical conductive imaging system measuring in the two areas, drill holes were designed to test obtained anomalies. In result, great development for ore prospecting was made in the two areas. A tin ore-body (22.85 m thick grading 1.331% Sn, accompanying with 0.15% WO3) and two copper ore-bodies (one 12 m thick with 0.60% Cu, another 11 m thick with 0.63% Cu) are found in the area (Ⅰ). In the area (Ⅱ), a independent tin ore-body (9.90 m thick with 0.718% Sn) and a biggish zinc tin ore-body (11.4 m thick with 6.23% Zn) are discovered. The concealed granite is found at the bottom of each of drill holes.6 Conclusions1) The Bainiuchang concealed granite is over 2 000 m long and 1 000 m wide. It is formed in late Yanshan period. From the petrology and geochemistry characteristics, it belongs to the tin-bearing granite.2) The Bainiuchang deposit is closely related to the granitic rocks in space and genesis. The granitic magmatism provides material source and physical-chemical conditions for the mineralization, and controls the spacial distribution of the deposit.3) Besides the silver-lead-zinc orebodies, there are prospecting potentials of independent tin and copper orebodies in the Bainiuchang ore field.4) Bainiuchang is a large-super Pb-Zn-Ag composite deposit. At the same time, it indicates a better prospect for hunting large-scale tin deposit and copper deposit for tin and copper ore prospecting.云南蒙自与花岗岩浆作用有关的白牛厂超大型银多金属矿床刘继顺1，张洪培1,2，欧阳玉飞1，张彩华2（1. 中南大学地学与环境工程学院，长沙 410083，中国2.蒙自矿冶有限责任公司，蒙自县，云南661100，中国）摘要：白牛厂超大型银多金属矿床位于云南锡多金属成矿带的东南部。