高中英语新课标词汇和短语讲解与最新考纲对照ABC565

高中英语新课标词汇和短语讲解与最新考纲对照

总表

注:标注“#”符号为非考纲词汇。

一、基本词汇

A

a (an) art. 一(个,件…)

⑪表示一个:She has a clever son.

⑫表示每个:we have 3 English classes a week.

⑬表示某个:The book is /was written by a student.

⑭表示某类之一:I am a teacher. He is a doctor.

⑮第一次提到的人或物用不定冠词表示,再次提到时用定冠词:I have a bike;the bike is green.

⑯用于可数名词单数形式前,表示类别:

A teacher must love his student.

⑰用于表示价格,速度,比率,时间等意义的名词前:

3 times a day; 10 yuan a meter.

⑱用于抽象名词前,表示一种:a new culture

⑲用于句型:“a∕an +Mr. ∕Mrs./ Miss.+姓氏”中:

a Mr. Wang

⑳用于某些短语中:a lot of ; have a good time abandon: abandon oneself to沉缅于, 陷入

vt.放弃(=desert)遗弃,丢弃,放肆, 放纵;沉湎于:

abandon one's idea放弃自己的想法

He abandoned his wife and child.

他遗弃了他的妻子和孩子。

They abandon themselves to drinking.他们沉湎于饮酒。Do not abandon yourself to despair.不要悲观失望。

n.放肆; 放纵; 尽情; 任意

The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon.那些女孩子跳上跳下尽情地挥舞着手臂。abandoner n.放弃者;【律】遗弃者

abandon , desert , forsake 这三个动词的含义是“丢弃”。abandon 的确切含义是失去控制,或丧失了占有的能力,或“放弃”某物而不准备再要了。

abandoning bad habits

desert 的确切含义是“过去占有过”或“过去是伙伴”。狭义地讲,这个词指“抛弃自己的义务”。

a deserted village空无一人的村庄

a deserted street at night夜里无人的大街

the deserted wife and children被遗弃的妻子儿女forsake 通常表示与某人或某物脱离联系。

to forsake one's former belief放弃过去的信仰

to forsake one's old friend背离老朋友He was forsaken smoking for years.他戒烟已有多年了。

3.ability n. 能力;才能-ties能力;本领;才能

We found him work more suited to his abilities.

我们为他找到了更容易发挥他才能的工作。

to the best of one's ability竭尽全力

disability n.无力, 无能, 残疾

inability n. 无能, 无力

4.able a. 能够;有能力的

be able to do

近义词be capable of doing

I'm quite capable of taking care of myself.

我完全有能力照顾自己。

# abnormal a. 反常的,变态的

an abnormal phenomenon反常现象家

unnatural adj.不自然的;异常的;不合自然规律的

5. aboard prep. 上(船,飞机,火车,汽车等)

1)go aboard.上船[飞机,车]=go aboard the plane;

2)All aboard!;请上船[飞机,车]

6.abolish vt.废除,革除,消灭

Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery in the United States. There are many bad customs and laws that ought to be abolished. 许多不良的习俗和法规应予以废除。

They petitioned the government to abolish hanging.

他们向政府请愿,要求废除绞刑。

The legislature passed a law to abolish the surtax.

立法机关通过了一项废除附加税的法令。

The weapons of war must be abolished before they abolish us.

在作战武器消灭我们以前,我们应先把它消灭。

7.about ad.大约;到处;prep.关于;在各处;四处;

be about to do sth. when正要做某事突然…

8.above adj.上面的, 上述的, 上文的,

prep.在…上面在...上方, 过于, 超出

above all首先;尤其;最重要的是;

above oneself过于自信,自负

be above sth不屑于, 超出...

from above自高处,自上级

above and beyond大于;多于;

9.abroad adv. 到国外,去国外

We hear that he went abroad recently.

我们听说他最近出国了。

He was abroad from 1970 to 1996.

他从1970年至1996年住在国外。

We can’t go abroad this year, so we’ll have to content ourselves with a holiday in London.