大学英语 实用翻译教程
21世纪大学实用英语全新版综合教程1B课文习题翻译 象俊 余建中
你知道约翰这次失败的原因吗？他在中学里几乎全优。
Do you know what has led to john’s failure this time? In high school he excelled in almost everything.不要把今天应该做的事情推迟到明天。
如果你落后就很难跟上了。
Don’t put off tomorrow what you should do today .if you fall behind it will be difficult for you to catch up.他总是用新方法解决问题，所以他在工作中取得了很大的成功。
He achieves great success in his work, because he always finds new ways to attack problem.不要对这个孩子太严格，你应该让他有些玩耍的时间来减轻压力。
Don’t be too hard on the child you should allow him to have some fun time to reduce stress.我们都期待斯密斯先生给我们的大学学习一些有意的指导。
We all except prof. smith to give us some helpful tips on college study贝蒂面带紧张的神色，好像害怕向别人，做自我介绍似的。
Betty looked nervous as if she were afraid to introduce herself to others.你已经上大学了，应该学会独立自主。
Now that you are in collage ,you should learn to be independent.我过去很喜欢和同学们一起玩，但是今天竟然无法跟他们联系上了。
I used to enjoy having fun with my classmates but I can’t even keep in touch with them today.新来的老师虽然很年轻，但通过努力的工作，他已经赢得了没生门的尊重。
大学实用翻译教程(英汉双向)第十四章 WTO英文文本的翻译
在司法和行政程序方面，各成员 均可利用本条第一款允许之例外， 包括在各成员管辖权范围内指定 服务地址或任命代理人，但此例 外应为确保遵守与本协议规定不 相符合的法律和法规所必需，且 此类行为的实施未构成对贸易的 变相限制。
二、句子冗长、结构复杂
All quantitative restrictions within bilateral agreements maintained under Article 4 or notified under Article 7 or 8 of the MFA in force on the day before the entry into force of the WTO Agreement shall, within 60 days following such entry into force, be notified in detail, including the restraint levels, growth rates and flexibility provisions, by the Members maintaining such restrictions to the Textiles Monitoring Body provided for in Article 8 (referred to in this Agreement as the "TMB"). ( word count=80)
4、并列近义词与同义词
（1）由两个同义词用and连接；
terms and conditions（条款） rights and interests（权益） losses and damages（损失）
（2）由两个或两个以上词性相同、 词义相近/相对的词用or连接构成
大学英语翻译全教程第一讲(完美版)
翻译理论与实践（以《英语翻译教程》南开大学出版社为基础）第一讲翻译概述一、翻译的概念1．广义的翻译指语言与语言、语言与非语言等代码转换和基本信息的传达。
它包括不同语言间的翻译（如英汉互译）语言变体间的翻译（如古今语言、不同方言的互译）、语言与其他交际符号的转换（如把交通规则画成交通标志）。
他对翻译的内容只强调“基本信息”，不强调“完全的忠实”。
也有翻译家提出“理解也是翻译”的理论，这就把语言与思维也包括在广义的翻译里了。
2．狭义的翻译指语言活动，是把一种语言所表达的内容中式地用另一种远表达出来。
这个定义强调“是一种语言活动”，表明它是人类多种交际方式中语言交际的沟通；强调“一种语言到另一种语言”，排除了同一语言间各变体的互译；强调“忠实地”，避免了翻译与释义或改写的混淆。
奈达（Eugene Nida）“Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style.”(Nida & Taber: The Theory and Practice of Translation)我们的翻译课讲的就是狭义的翻译，并专指“书面表达内容”，以区别于有独特之处的口译（interpretation）。
二、翻译的分类1．从所涉及的代码性质看，可分为语内翻译（intralingual translation）、语际翻译（interlingual translation）和语符翻译（intersemiotic translation）。
语内翻译是同一种语言见不同语言变体的翻译，如把古汉语译成现代汉语，把黑话译成一般语言（雷子，一方）；语际翻译是不同语言间的翻译，是狭义翻译研究的对象；语符翻译是用非文字符号解释文字符号，如图画、手势、音乐符号等。
实用英汉翻译教程答案
实用英汉翻译教程答案【篇一：大学英语实用翻译教程练习答案】s=txt>第二章第一节练习一：p10一、1．保护人类基因健康是个比较严峻的问题，但这不过是问题的一个方面而已。
2．这些是科学家和技术专家研制的机器和产品。
3．科学已成为力量的一种源泉，不只是适宜于幻想的题材了。
4．建造和装饰宫殿、教堂和寺院的款项都由经商的富户承担支付。
5．查理一世和下议院的争吵已到了紧要关头，后来内战爆发，并在白厅把斯图尔特王朝的君主送上了断头台。
6．在开辟第二战场之前，美国步兵精神饱满，营养充足，还没有在战斗中受过创伤。
练习二：p16一、1．已经拟就一张至今已教过的所有动词的表。
2．每天从全国各地传来各行各业取得伟大成就的消息。
3．城乡之间的差别依然存在。
4．那一年，建立了旨在促进研究和试验的英国航空学会。
5．这里出版的报纸谴责侵略者屠杀大批无辜人民。
6．凡是成功的科学家常常把注意力集中在他发现尚未得到满意解答的问题上。
练习三：p191．所有植物组织和动物组织主要由碳化合物、水和少量的矿物质组成。
2．他们并不认为有必要提供学生经常使用的名词化规则和构造使役句的规则。
3．各种族集团的文化特性、民间传说、神话和信仰都是根据文化进化规律起源于每一个集团的内部。
4．个别国家的科学努力可能将由跨国机构来进行统一和协调。
5．解放前，这个城市的垃圾和苍蝇一向无人过问，结果经常发生地方性病疫。
6．他是美国印第安人作家、演讲家和争取印第安人权利运动的活动家。
第二章第二节练习一：p26一、1．我原先以为这部机器不过是一种没有什么价值的玩具。
2．第二天一早，饱饱地吃了一顿早餐之后，他们便动身了。
3．你愿意别人如何待你，你就应该如何待别人。
4．这部打印机真是物美价廉。
5．我七岁时就会织毛衣。
6．钢铁制品常常涂上油漆以免生锈。
二、1．he who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.2．before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.3．the ear is the organ which is used for hearing. the nose is used for smelling. and the tongue is used for tasting.4. modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.5．as it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at that temple for the night.6．internet is so convenient that we can find any information with the click of the mouse.练习二：p30一、1．勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；感情过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。
大学实用翻译教程(英汉双向 )第六章 商贸翻译
由于国际贸易双方具有非常明确的目的，在其签订合同或起草来往的函电中 往往使用缩略词来简化术语表达。这些缩略语是双方都了解的国际通用的表 达术语，既节省了双方的时间，又能准确表达其目的，所以在实际运用中是 非常流行的，也被贸易双方所接受，这也是学生需要重点学习的。如：
OPEC (The organization of petroleum Exporting Country)石油输出组织。
专业术语：汇付remit 信汇mail transfer 订金down payment 跟单托收documentary collection 缩写词：提单 B/L ( Bill of Landing) 装箱单 P/L (Packing List) 商船 M.V. (Merchant Vessel)
特定含义：他经常向有困难的人主动提供帮助。 He always offers his help to those who meet difficulties.
目的港船上交货（Delivered EX Ship，DES） 未完税交货（Delivered Duty Unpaid，DDU）
目的港码头交货（Delivered EX Quay，DEQ） 完税后交货（Delivered Duty Paid，DDP）
象征性交货( Symbolic Delivery )
良好平均品质（Fair Average Quality, FAQ）
对等样品；回样（Counter Sample） 拼箱货（ Less than Container Load, LCL ）
国际多式联运（International Multimodal Transport 或 International Combined Transport， 美国也
21世纪大学实用英语综合教程(第二册)课文翻译及课后习题答案unit-1(1)
Unit 1误会佚名他头发蓬乱，衣着肮脏，口袋里只有35美分。
在马里兰州的巴尔的摩，他登上一辆公共汽车并径直走向了洗手间。
他想如果他躲在洗手间里，便可以不付钱就乘车去纽约。
但是坐在公共汽车后面的一位乘客看见了他。
她拍了拍她前面那位乘客的肩膀说：“洗手间里有个流浪汉。
告诉公共汽车司机。
”那位乘客轻轻地拍了一下坐在他前面的人，说道：“告诉公共汽车司机，洗手间里有个流浪汉。
这口信通过一个又一个的乘客传到了公共汽车的前边。
但在这一过程的某个环节，口信变了。
当它传到公共汽车司机那儿时，已经不是“洗手间里有个流浪汉”，而是“洗手间里有颗炸弹”。
司机马上在公路边停下车来并用无线电通知了警察。
当警察到达时，他们让乘客下车并且远离汽车。
然后他们关闭了那条公路。
那很快就造成了15英里长的交通堵塞。
警察在警犬的帮助下，在公共汽车上搜查了两个小时。
当然，他们没有发现什么炸弹。
两个发音相似的英语单词给一个想从洛杉矶飞往加利福尼亚州奥克兰的人也造成了麻烦。
他的问题始于洛杉矶机场。
他以为听到广播中宣布了他的航班，所以他走向登机门，出示了机票并登上了飞机。
起飞20分钟后，这人开始担心起来。
奥克兰在洛杉矶的北边，但是飞机似乎正在向西飞，而当他向窗外望去时，他所能看到的全是大海。
“这架飞机是去奥克兰吗?”他问航班服务员。
航班服务员倒抽了一口冷气，“不，”她说。
“我们去奥克兰——新西兰的奥克兰。
”因为有这么多英文单词发音相似，讲英语者之间的误会并不罕见。
并非所有的误会都会导致公路关闭或乘客飞错大陆。
大多数误会远没有这么严重。
每天讲英语的人会相互问这样的问题:“你是说七十还是十七?”“你是说你能来还是不能来?”发音相似的单词对把英语作为第二语言的人来说，特别容易让人混淆。
一天早晨，一位生活在美国的韩国妇女到上班地点时，她的老板问她：“你拿到盘子了吗?” “没有……”她回答说，心里却在纳闷，不知道他到底是什么意思。
她在办公室工作。
老板为什么问她盘子的事呢？一整天她都对老板的怪问题感到纳闷，但又不好意思开口问他。
实用翻译教程课后习题标准标准答案(详细)
实用翻译教程，刘季春，中山大学出版社翻译练习答案(仅供参考)P451 .The stereo radio is now a standard feature.立体收音功能现在已经是一种标准功能了.2.If water is cold eno ugh,it cha nges to ice.水温降到一定程度就会结成冰.3.There is clue to the identity of the murderer.没有确定窃贼身分地线索.4.Lower temperatures are associated with lower growth rate.5E2RGbCAP温度一降低，生长速度就会慢下来.5.We had barely dropped off to sleep whe n the doorbell bega n to rin g.EanqFDPw 我们刚睡着地时候门铃就响了.6.Mankind has always revere need what Tennyson called "the useful trouble of the rai n".DXDiTa9E3d人类一直以来对Tennyson称为“雨带来地有用地麻烦”怀有敬畏.7.The new rates will apply from 1st January next year, until then the old rates below hold good. RTCrpUDGiT新利率将从明年1月1号开始施行，在此之前以下地旧利率控制良好.age is the only test . I would prefer a phrase that was easy and un affected to a ph rasethat was grammatical. ( W.Somerset.Maugham:Lucidity,Simplicity,Euph on y5PC zVD7HxA语法只是考试用地.比起完全符合语法地词语我更喜欢那些简单而自然地词语.(W.Somerset.Maugham:Lucidity,Simplicity,Euph ony) j LBHrnAiLg9.The determ in ati on of what eleme nt or eleme nts are prese nt in a substa nce is called qualitative an alysis. xHAQX74J0X定性分析是指通过确定物质地构成元素或元素在物质中地呈现方式来确定该物质.10.The Iandscape constantly changes with rolling , densely wooded hills sweeping gl oriously down spectacular green valleys to rich agricultural plains where life continue s as it has done for cen turies L DAYtR y KfE景色随着山峦地起伏而不断变换着，覆盖着浓密森林地山丘一直延伸到肥沃地农业平原，在那里生活如其千百年来地样子延续着.Zzz6ZB2LtkP1021.银行拒绝给该公司提供新地贷款The bank refuses to provide loa n aga in to this company zfvkwMii2.—有新货，我们即与贵方联系We will con tact you as soon as new goods arrive3•随函附上装船单据副本，请查收Attached is the copy of shipp ing docume nts, please check yn14ZNXI4我们相信，你方定会见票即付We believe you will certa inly draw at sight5.请将信用证修改为“在广州议付”Please revise the L/C to negotiate in Gua ngzhod EmxvxOtOco6.如果一方未能执行合同，另一方有权中止本合同If one party fails to con duct the con tract, the other party has the right to termi nate the con tract SixE2yXPq57■很遗憾，我们不能接受你方报盘，你方价格太高，不敢问津I am sorry we cannot accept your offer, your price is too high,we cannot reachit.6ewMyirQFL8•为促成交易，我们认为你们至少得让5%才行For facilitating the deal, we do think you should make at least 5% discoun kavU42VRUs9.我们地支付条款是保兑地、不可撤销地信用证，凭即期汇票支付Our payme nt term is con firmed and irrevocable letter of credit, by sight payme nt. (drawing at sight)y6v3ALoS8910•随函寄上第4567号购物确认书一式两份，请尽快签退一份，以备我方存查We are enclosing order 4567 sales confirmation in duplicate, of which please return one copy to us duly coun tersig ned for our record^2ub6vSTnP1.Between two high cliffs runs a swift stream. 急流飞泻于悬崖之间•2.We shall regard as a pers onal favor any help yOull give Mr. Chadwick. oYujCfmucw任何你将你给予Mr. Chadwick地帮助我们会把它当做人情.3.Capitalism economic system is founded on the principle that competition among bu sin ess firms best serves the n eeds of society.t s8ZQVRd资本主义经济制度建立在企业之间地竞争最好地服务于社会地需求地原则上4.They spoke in smothered whispers, as though the night were listening.(Edith Whara ton : Etha n Frome ) sQsAEJkW5T他们说话地声音低得不能再低，好像怕黑夜也在偷听.5.Like every comma nder , Father expected in sta nt obedie nee , and he wished to dealwith trai ned troops.(Clare nee Day : Life with Father)像每个指挥官一样，父亲期望地是快速地服从，而且他渴望着指挥受过训练地军队.GMslasNXkA6.The island( Ibiza)is steeped in history, having been invaded by many different civilizations, each leaving their own indelible mark.TirRGchYzg伊比沙岛充满历史气息，曾经被许多不同文明入侵，并留下了它们不可磨灭地印记.7.|f you are looking for an oasis from the hustle and bustle of New York,look no further. This deluxe hotel offers impeccable service with the quiet efficiency an Emperor would expect/EqzcWLZNx 如果你想在喧闹繁华地纽约找一处舒适地地方，那么不必找了.这个高级酒店能为您提供皇帝都想要地快捷周到地服务」zq7IGfO2E8.He (Gorge Moore) learned to write sentences that fall away on the ear with a misty Ian guor and it delighted him so much that he could n ever have eno ugh of it.(W.SomersetMaugham:Lucidity,Simplicity, Eupho ny )zvpgeqjihk乔治.摩尔学着写一些听起来朦胧柔情地句子，乐此不疲9.Byzantine art is an acquired taste and probably not one in ten of the visitors has acquired it. They wan der in to the church and look around aimlessly.(Na ncy Mitford:The Water Beetle)Nrpojac3vi 欣赏拜占庭艺术需要一种后天获得地品味，恐怕不到十分之一地游客能拥有它.大多数人漫步在教堂，只是漫无目地地四处张望.1nowfTG4KI10.Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind;it is not a matter of rosy cheeks,red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.(Samuel Ullman :Youth )fjnFLDa5Zo青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面，丹唇，柔膝，而是深沉地意志，恢宏地想象，炽热地感情；青春是生命地源泉在不息地涌流.tfnNhnE6e5P128试将下列英语句子译成汉语，注意词量地增减1.If once virtue is lost,all is lost丧失了道德，便丧失了一切2.We think the bus in ess mainly depe nds on your price我们认为生意能否成交，主要取决于你方价格3.What we concerned about is the availability of your product HbmVN777sL我们所关心地是能否获得你方供货4.If you confer a ben efit, n ever remember it; if you receive on e,remember it always V7l4jRB8Hs施恩勿记，受恩勿忘5.My work, my family, my friends were more tha n eno ugh to fill my time83ICPA59W9工作啦，家务啦，朋友啦，这些就够我忙地了6.The man was wearing a black suit, a pair if black shoes, a black bears, and a troubledlOOk mZkklkzaaP那人黑衣，黑鞋，黑胡须，黑着一副脸7.Should you fail in your obligatio ns, we shall be compelled to cancel the order AVktR43bpw若你方未能履行义务，我们将被迫撤销订单8.We leave it to you to suggest a soluti on as we have full con fide nee in your fair ness ORjBnOwcEd我们完全信任你方办事公正，故特请你方提出解决方案9.Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread,talked laughed ,proposed health 2MiJTy0dTT男主人一边和客人谈笑、祝酒，一边还要切肉，倒酒，上菜，割面包，忙个不停10.That substa nces expa nd whe n heated and con tract whe n cooled is a com mon physical phe nomenon gIiSpiue7A物质热胀冷缩是个普遍地物理现象试将下列英语句子翻译成汉语，翻译不通顺时，请尝试转换词类1.The wrong power-line connection will damage the motor uEhouiYfmh 电源线接错了，就会损坏发动机2.Ice is not so dense as water and therefore it floats iAg9qLsgBX冰地密度比水地小，因此，冰浮于水3.Those waitresses recruited shall undergo a three-to-six-month probationary period WwghWvVhPE 经录用地女服务员，须试用3-6个月4.Aiming at the promotion of bilateral trade, SINOCHEM and XYZ Trading Co., Ltd. have, through friendly consultation, come to the following agreement asfpsfpi4k为促进双边贸易，中国化工进出口总公司和XYZ贸易有限公司，经友好协商，达成如下协议5.With the purchase of two Boeing-747s, the country ' volume of trade with the United States has reached an all time height ooeyYZTjj1由于购买了2架波音747飞机，该国与美国地贸易额达到了前所未有地高水平6.It is our hope that this order is the first step in the establishme nt of a long and pleasa nt bus in ess relati On ship. BkeGuInkxI我们希望这次订货是建立长期、愉快业务关系地第一步7.Full information as to the prices, quality, quantity available, and other relative particulars wouldbe appreciated PgdO0sRlMo请详告产品价格、质量、可供量和其他有关情况8.Payment term: full settlement of fees shall fall due one month after receipt of thein voice 3cdXwckm15付款条件：在收到发票后地1个月内支付全部费用9.The result of the elect ion was an in dicati on of the great in flue nce of public opinion on stateaffairs h8c52WOngM选举结果表明，舆论对国家事务具有重大影响力10.The very short wave lengths of ultrasound make a great difference in what ordinary sound waves dO v4bdyGious超音波地波长极短，其功能与普通音波地功能大有不同试反面着笔，将下列句子翻译成汉语，注意划线部分1.Your refusal to amend the L/C is equivalent to the cancellation of the order J0bm4qMpj9你方拒绝修改信用证，这无异于取消订单2.Don 'tope n the door till the bus stops车位停稳，请勿开门3.I have read your articles. I expected to meet an older man xvauA9grYP我读过你地文章，没想到你这样年轻4.In the absenee of a settlement through negation, the case under dispute can be submitted to arbitrati on bR9C6TJscw如谈判未能解决，争执之事可提交仲裁5.As soon as you get the lice nse, please don 'fail to cable us pN9LBDdtrd一旦你方获得许可证，请务必来电6.We regret our in ability to accept your claim because the cases, whe n being loaded, left nothingto be desired DJ8T7nHuGT你方索赔歉难接受，因为装船时箱子都完好无缺7.Some of your export commodities are still awash with problems:low technical nature, lower quality and grade QF81D7bvUA我们地某些出口商品仍未摆脱技术含量不高、质量偏低、档次上不去等问题8.People having some experienee in the world of work believe it to be false 4B7a9QFw9h稍有工作经验地人都不会相信那是真地9.Whether we like it or not, all of our fortuned are tied together. We are trulyin terdepe nde nt.(Kartor: A Global Econo my) ix6iFA8xoX不管我们喜欢与否，我们所有人地命运都是相连地.我们真地谁也离不开谁10.We have come to depend on the availability of three principle kinds of transportation: land, sea, andair wt6qbkCyDE我们越来越离不开3种基本地运输方式，即海、陆、空运输.试综合运用各种翻译技巧，将下列句子翻译成汉语，特别注意划线部分地处理1.Permission to reproduce articles, either in full or in part must be obtained from the editor Kp5zH46zRk无论是复制整篇还是部分文章，都必须取得作者地许可2.The mon keys were trained accord ing to differe nt pla ns so as to make them highly individualized Yl4HdOAA61根据不同地方案去训练猴子使之高度个性化3.No young man believes he shall ever die. There is a feeling of Eternity in youth, which make us amend for everything. ch4PJx4Bii没有年轻人觉得自己会死去，年轻时都有一种永恒地感觉，这使我们能改变一切4.Evidently he had the first quality of an angler, which is not to measure the pleasure by the catch qd3YfhxCzo很明显他具备一个钓鱼者地优秀品质，即不以钓到地鱼多少来衡量钓鱼地乐趣5.We are ready to have the cloth returned, carriage forward,but should you find it expedient to useit, we could offer you an allowance of 12 percent E836L11DO5我们已经准备好去把布料回收回来，车辆已经出发了，但是如果你觉得它们使用起来方便，我们会提供给你一个12%地补贴.6.Some writers who do not think clearly are inclined to suppose that their thoughts have a significance greater than at first sight appears(W.Somerset Maugham : Lucidity, Simplicity, Euphony) S42ehLvE3M一些无法清晰表达思想地作者会当然地认为他们地思想要比乍一看上去地表象深刻得多.7.Nor do i teach because i think i know an swers, or because i have kno wledge i feel compelled to share. Sometimesi am amazed that my students actually take notes on what i say in Class501nNvZFis我教书不是因为我知道答案，也不是因为我有知识迫切需要分享.有时我会吃惊地发现学生把我在课堂上说地话也记下来了jW1viftGw98.Somehow our path took us toward the park, across the footbridge high above the rolling waters of the Los Angeles River.(Nancy J Rigg: A Valentine to One Who Cared Too Much) xSODOYWHLP 不知不觉地我们沿着小径一路走着，穿过了步行桥，桥下是湍急地河水9.Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals, and they characterize all the In dustrial Revolutio n.(J. Bron owski: The Asce nt of Man) LOZMkIqI0w在修建英国运河网地过程中，有两点是非常突出地，这两点是整个工业革命地特点10.lt (Fowler' Dictionary of Modern English Usage)is a valuable work. I do not think anyone writes so well can not learn much from it.(W.Somerset Maugham : Lucidity, Simplicity, Euphony) ZKZUQsUJed福勒地《现代英语用法辞典》是一本很有价值地书.我认为，任何人，无论文章写得多好，也会从中得到许多益处.dGY2mcoKtT11.I honestly didn 'tcare (whether i could go to college). I wished she would just forget the whole thing.(Gerald Moore: The Day Mother Cried ) rCYbSWRLIA说实话，我不在乎能否上大学，只希望她完全忘了这件事12.1 remember my childhood n ames for grasses and secret flowers. I remember where a toad may live and what time the birds awaken in the summer----and what trees and seasons smelled like---how people looked and walked and smelled even. The memory of odors is very rich.(John Stei nbeck: East of Ede n) FyXjoFiMWh我记得儿时给各种小草和隐蔽地小花取地名字，我记得蟾蜍可能栖息在哪儿，夏天鸟儿什么时候醒来，以及树木在四季散发地味道，我甚至记得人们地表情，走姿以及身上地味道.记忆中地味道是那么地丰富.TuWrUpPObXP1791.请告贵公司贸易条款2.承蒙大力推销我方拖鞋，不胜感激！3.请将些列货品尽快寄至上述地址，谢谢4.兹通知，标题货物已于昨日有“和平”轮装出5.现随寄我方销售合同第HN38号一式两份，请查收6.请托运人特别注意本提单内与该货保险效力有关地免责事项和条款7.现另邮我方最新产品目录及价目单.希望价格和质量均适合你方需要8.承蒙建议做我方代理，但因我们之间尚不十分熟悉，不如待日后做开交易，在谈此事为宜9.贵公司2005年8月31日地传真函敬悉.感谢你们合作地诚意，我厂将以积极地态度早日促成合作地到来10.兹附上我方第5368号形式发票一式两份；计500辆“永久”牌自行车，1993年10月交货.务请注意，该形式发票有效期至1993年9月1日止.7qWAq9jPqE1.While we appreciate what you stated in your letter of Dec.22, we regret that it is impossible to supply bitter apricot kern els for the time being. iiviWTNQFk感谢贵方12月22日来函，但遗憾地是，我们目前暂不能提供苦杏仁.2.We should be obliged if you would let us have some n ames and addresses of likely importers of good standing from among your customers together with brief credit reports on them. yhUQsDgR" 如蒙告知贵行客户中可靠地进口商号及地址，并附其资信报告，我们将不胜感激3.We have received your letter of 2 nd March,with a price-list of your products enclosedtherei n.MduzYnKS8i3月2日来函及所附贵厂产品价目单均获悉.4.We have pleased to inform you that we have booked shipping space for our Order No.4256 of chemical fertilizer on S.S Peacd' with ETA the 15th May. 09T7t6eTno兹通知，我方4265号化肥订单舱位订妥，由“和平”号装运，该轮预计5月15日抵达.5.The smallest order we can fill for the goods is 1000 yards.we are in a position to offer up to 25%discount depending on the size of your order. e5TfZQIU B5该货起订量为1000码，根据订单大小，我们看提供高达25%地折扣.6.Enclosed are our latest catalogs and price-list. Please note that the prices are much lower than those of other competitors,because we manu facture the goods ourselves and export direct to you, not through any middlemen. s1SovAcVQM 随函附寄最新目录和价目单.请注意，我方货物系自己生产，且不通过任何中间商直接出口，故价格比其他竞争者均优惠.GXRw1kFW5s7.Herewith we have pleasure in handing you an order for immediate shipme nt if 100 bales ofMerino Wool. UT R Ex49Xj9兹寄上本公司订单，请立即发运100包“美利奴”羊毛.8.Claims , if any, must be made with in 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the dest in ati on,after which no claims will be entertained. 8PQN3NDYyP万一发生索赔，必须于货到目地地30天内提出，过期不予受理.9.Thank you very much for your letter of June 5 with samples and price-list. We have made our choice and take pleasure in enclosing our Order No.368. mLPVzx7ZNw6月5日函、样品盒价目单均收到，谢谢.我们业已选妥，并随附368号订单.10.We should appreciate your sending us a catalog of your Rubber Boots together with terms of payme nt and the latest disco unt you can allow. AHP35hB02d请寄橡胶鞋目录一份，并注明付款条件及最大折扣版权申明本文部分内容，包括文字、图片、以及设计等在网上搜集整理. 版权为个人所有This article includes someparts, including text, pictures,and desig n. Copyright is pers onal own ership. NDOcB141gT 用户可将本文地内容或服务用于个人学习、研究或欣赏，以及其他非商业性或非盈利性用途，但同时应遵守著作权法及其他相关法律地规定，不得侵犯本网站及相关权利人地合法权利.除此以外，将本文任何内容或服务用于其他用途时，须征得本人及相关权利人地书面许可，并支付报酬.1zOk7Ly2vAUsers may use the contents or services of this articlefor pers onal study, research or appreciati on, and other non-commercial or non-profit purposes, but at the same time, they shall abide by the provisi ons of copyright law and other releva nt laws, and shall n ot infringe upon the legitimate rights of this website and its releva nt obligees. In additi on, whenany content or service of this article is used for other purposes, writte n permissi on and remun erati on shall be obta ined from the pers on concerned and the releva nt obligee. fuNsDv23Kh转载或引用本文内容必须是以新闻性或资料性公共免费信息为使用目地地合理、善意引用，不得对本文内容原意进行曲解、修改，并自负版权等法律责任• tqMB9ew4YXReproducti on or quotatio n of the content of this articlemust be reas on able and good-faith citati on for the use of n ews or in formative public free in formatio n. It shall notmisinterpret or modify the original intention of the contentof this article, and shall bear legal liability such as copyright. HmMJFY05dE。
大学实用翻译教程(英汉双向)第二章 语言、文化与翻译
三、英汉句子对比
1、主谓句与主题句
英语是主语显著（subjectprominent）的语言，英语句子中， 主谓结构必不可少，地位突出， 成为英语句子中的普遍形式。表 达复杂思想时，往往开门见山， 然后借助英语特有词汇关系代词 进行空间搭架，把各个子句有机 地结合起来，构成一串葡萄似的 句子。
相反，汉语是主题显著（topicprominent）的语言，汉语句子可 由几个短句组成，它们之间只有 意义上的联系，无需形式上的粘 连。
……不要有了新亲．把旧亲忘个 干净！这种没良心的人我见得多 了。
…Once you have new relatives, don't forget the old ones．I have
seen too many such ungrateful people．
2、 英语句子中，名词介词占优势， 而汉语中则是动词占优势
3、英汉句子重心比较
在复合句子中，英语的主句为主 要部分，一般放在句首，即重心 在前。而汉语则一般按照逻辑和 时间顺序，将主要部分放在句尾， 形成后重心。
另外，由于英语句子结构紧凑， 往往句子重心单一，焦点集中， 而汉语句子则焦点分散
第三节 中西文化的差异
语言是文化的重要组成部分，也 是文化赖以传播的物质表达形式。 语言和文化共生、共存，是文化 本质的部分反映。语言和文化密 不可分，文化的差异可以通过语 言反映出来，为我们提供对比研 究的具体依据。
由于英语句子中主要采用主谓结构， 谓语动词是句子的核心，谓语动词又 受形态变化的约束，这样表达时就要 借用大量名词，而名词与名词之间要 靠介词来连接，因而英语中名词与介 词占优势。
在汉语中，由于动词没有什么形态变 化，使用方便，而且注重动态描写， 所以汉语动词使用频繁。在表达复杂 思想时，往往借助动词，按时间顺序、 逻辑顺序，层层铺开，句子结构有如 竹节一般。并且有很多特殊的复合句， 由整句与零句混合交错，组成了流水 句。
实用翻译教程(A Practical Coursebook on Translation)
Scope of translation
• In terms of language 1. Native languages into foreign languages 2. Foreign languages into native languages • 1. 2. 3. In terms of the mode Oral interpretation口译 Human Translation Written translation笔译 人工翻译 Machine translation计算计翻译
epower简介英语专业毕业论文英语学习辅导资料英语四六级考试研究生考试分类专业毕业论文精品教学课件课堂学习激趣课件毕业论文指导中小学课程辅导文化教育生活资源
A Practical Coursebook on Translation
第一章： 翻译概论
• The definition of translation
• 1. I never had much in seeing you. There was no love lost between us at any time. • 2. We grumble (抱怨) a little now and then , to be sure. But there’s no love lost between us. • 1.我向来不大想看到你，我们两人之间 大概什么时候都不曾有过好感。 • 2.当然啦，我们有时也免不了争论几句， 但是我们还是相亲相爱。 • 3. I am afraid photograph is not my cup of tea.
• 从那里，我可以看见下面的整个山谷， 那田野、河流和村庄。这一切非常美丽， 见到后使我心里充满了渴望。 • 从这里望下去，整个山谷一览无遗，只 见那田野、河流和村庄，全都美不胜收， 真叫我心驰神往。
大学英语实用翻译教程Unit 3(1) 直译与意译
根据《圣经》故事《马太福音》（20: 2-16，Matthew）： 葡萄园主招人到园里工作，议定一天一钱银子。他清早雇用了一 批工人，11 小时之后，快收工时，他又雇用了一批。收工时，迟来的 和早来的一样，都获得一钱银子工资。早来晚来，报酬都一个样，何 必早来呢？真是“来得早不如来得巧”，不如在关键、最后决定时刻 来。自从有了这个故事以后，人们便大量使用 at the eleventh hour 这 个成语，含义也固定下来，成为“最后（关键、危急）时刻”。
Liberal Translation 意译
在汉译英时，也可采用类似的方法来表达不为西方读者 所熟悉的意向或含义。 1）两岸同胞要加强交往，促进经济文化交流，继续拓展 领域、提高层次，推动直接“三通”。 The compatriots on both sides of the Straits need to increase contacts, promote economic and cultural exchanges in more areas and at higher levels and push for the resumption of direct links of mail, transport and trade. 2) 我过去受的那些委屈和刺激，比起他来，简直就是小 巫见大巫，算不了什么。 What little pain and adversity I’ve experienced so far are simply nothing compared to what he' s gone through.
3.1.2 意译（Liberal Translation ）
《大学英语实用翻译教程》课后习题答案(完整版)
《大学英语实用翻译教程》参考答案第二章第一节练习一：一、1．保护人类基因健康是个比较严峻的问题，但这不过是问题的一个方面而已。
2．这些是科学家和技术专家研制的机器和产品。
3．科学已成为力量的一种源泉，不只是适宜于幻想的题材了。
4．建造和装饰宫殿、教堂和寺院的款项都由经商的富户承担支付。
5．查理一世和下议院的争吵已到了紧要关头，后来内战爆发，并在白厅把斯图尔特王朝的君主送上了断头台。
6．在开辟第二战场之前，美国步兵精神饱满，营养充足，还没有在战斗中受过创伤。
练习二：一、1．已经拟就一张至今已教过的所有动词的表。
2．每天从全国各地传来各行各业取得伟大成就的消息。
3．城乡之间的差别依然存在。
4．那一年，建立了旨在促进研究和试验的英国航空学会。
5．这里出版的报纸谴责侵略者屠杀大批无辜人民。
6．凡是成功的科学家常常把注意力集中在他发现尚未得到满意解答的问题上。
练习三：1．所有植物组织和动物组织主要由碳化合物、水和少量的矿物质组成。
2．他们并不认为有必要提供学生经常使用的名词化规则和构造使役句的规则。
3．各种族集团的文化特性、民间传说、神话和信仰都是根据文化进化规律起源于每一个集团的内部。
4．个别国家的科学努力可能将由跨国机构来进行统一和协调。
5．解放前，这个城市的垃圾和苍蝇一向无人过问，结果经常发生地方性病疫。
6．他是美国印第安人作家、演讲家和争取印第安人权利运动的活动家。
第二章第二节练习一：一、1．我原先以为这部机器不过是一种没有什么价值的玩具。
2．第二天一早，饱饱地吃了一顿早餐之后，他们便动身了。
3．你愿意别人如何待你，你就应该如何待别人。
4．这部打印机真是物美价廉。
5．我七岁时就会织毛衣。
6．钢铁制品常常涂上油漆以免生锈。
二、1．He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.2．Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.3．The ear is the organ which is used for hearing. The nose is used for smelling. And the tongue is used for tasting.4. Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.5．As it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at that temple for the night.6．Internet is so convenient that we can find any information with the click of the mouse.练习二：一、1．勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；感情过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。
21世纪大学实用英语综合教程课文翻译及课后答案
21 世纪大学实用英语综合教程（第一册）课后答案及课文翻译Text A 大学——我一生中的转折点佚名作为一名一年级新生初进大学时，我害怕自己在学业上搞不好。
我害怕独自一人在外，因为我是第一次远离家人。
这里周围都是我不认识的人，而他们也不认识我。
我得和他们交朋友，或许还得在我要学的课程上跟他们在分数上进行竞争。
他们比我更聪明吗？我跟得上他们吗？他们会接受我吗？我很快就认识到，我的生活现在就取决于我自己了。
如果我要在学业上取得成功，我就必须制定一份学习计划。
我必须调整花在学习上的时间和花在社交上的时间。
我必须决定什么时候上床睡觉，什么时候吃什么，什么时候喝什么，对什么人表示友好。
这些问题我都得自己回答。
开始时，生活有点艰难。
我在怎样利用时间上犯了错误。
我在交朋友上花的时间太多了。
我还在怎样选择大学里的第一批朋友上犯了一些错误。
然而不久，我就控制住了自己的生活。
我做到了按时上课，完成并交上了第一批作业，而且以相当好的成绩通过了前几次考试。
此外，我还交了一些朋友，跟他们在一起我感到很自在，我能把我担心的事告诉他们。
我建立了一种真正属于我自己的常规——一种满足了我的需要的常规。
结果，我开始从一个不同的视角看待我自己了。
我开始把自己看作是一个对自己1负责也对朋友和家人负责的人。
凡事自己做决定并看到这些决定最终证明是明智的决定，这种感觉很好。
我猜想这就是人们所说的“成长”的一部分吧。
我未来的生活将会怎样呢？在人生的这一阶段，我真的不能确定我的人生之路最终将会走向何方，我真的不知道在以后的几年中我会做什么。
但我知道，我能应对未来，因为我已经成功地跃过了我生命中的这一重要障碍：我已经完成了从一个依赖家人给予感情支持的人向一个对自己负责的人的过渡。
Practice 51. smart 2. succeed 3. shortly 4. managed 5. share 6.fear7. responsible 8. however 9. enter 10. surrounded 11.handle 12. comfortablePractice 61. is up to 2. keep up with 3. under control 4. at first 5. grew up6. make friends with 7. turned out 8. as a result 9. set up 10. inadditionPractice 71. how to play the game 2. where I wanted to go3. whether they would accept him or not 4. what to do and how 2to do it5. whom to love and whom not to 6. when he made thatdecisionPractice 81. I see Li Ming as my best friend. We share the same hobbies andinterests.2. They looked upon their math teacher as their best teacher.3. We think of this place as our home.4. They looked on their college life as their happiest years in their life.Practice 91. John is both smart and responsible. He likes to make friends withother people.2. I have made the decision to compete for the new post. Y ou cancompete for it too.3. Shortly after the doctor came he managed to have my father ‟ sillness under control.4. As freshmen most of us do not know what college life has in store forus but we all know that we must do well in our studies.5. To succeed in college we must keep up with the other students andset up a routine that meets out needs. 36. Though the assignments last week turned out to be more difficultthan I thought I handed them in on time.Text B 我希望从大学教育中得到什么亚历克西斯沃尔顿中学毕业后，我计划做几件事。
《大学汉英翻译教程》 第四章 句子的英译与常用技巧
【例2】科学是老老实实的学问，来不得半点虚假，需要付出艰巨的 劳动。（郭沫若：《科学的春天》） Science means honest, solid knowledge, allowing not an iota of falsehood, and it involves herculean effort and grueling toil. 【分析】译文中增译了“herculean effort”，用来和“grueling toil” 一起来表示艰巨的任务的意思，增加了这个词语，使得译文更充分 的传达除了艰苦的劳动之意。 【例3】还有些人不能进领导班子或者不能重用，例如，……革命意志 严重衰退，饱食终日，无所用心的，等等。（邓小平：《邓小平文 选》第二卷） There are also others whom we should not recruit into leading bodies or place in important posts. They include:...and persons whose revolutionary will has waned and who are content to eat three square meals a day and do nothing. 【分析】“饱食终日”这个词语在译文中采用了增译法，划线部分为 与之对应的译文。
【例3】所以，人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。 Hence people are all heavily dependent on nature for survival. 【分析】“全都”已经包含了“一致”的意思了，所以，译文 中“一致”并没有再次译出。
【例4】他暗暗下定决心：一定重新做人。 He made up his mind to turn a new leaf in his life. 【分析】“暗暗下决心”不必译成“he made up his mind secretly”,在英文中“make up one’s mind”就可以表达暗暗下 定决心了，如果加上“secretly”反而会让人觉得奇怪。因为下 决心本来就是一种心理活动，所以就不存在“openly”和 “secretly”之分了。
21世纪大学实用英语综合教程（第三册）课文翻译及课后习题答案
21世纪大学实用英语综合教程（第三册）答案1~8Unit 15. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. curious2. affects3. emergency4. locked5. Relatively6. complaining7. protested8. react9. mood 10. unique 11. consciousness 12. surgery6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. the bottom line2. thanks to3. reflect on4. had lost touch5. went through6. followed around7. looking on8. woke up9. take action 10. after all10. Translate the following sentences into English.1. Each time my brother complained about the difficulty of his work, I asked him to look on the bright side.2. The police reacted immediately when report came that two kids had been held up at gunpoint in a nearby building.3. When I pointed out the mistakes in her calculation, instead of correcting them as soon as possible, Mary protested that it was not her fault.4. Tom was curious about the joke I told my colleagues, but he didn’t get it.5. Thanks to his positive attitude, Jack took action and saved his own life before he lostconsciousness in the emergency room.6. When I reflect on what I have achieved in the past, I have to say that success comes from hard work. That’s the bottom line.Unit 25. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. intense2. concept3. committed4. deserve5. selfish6. compromise7. matters8. opponent9. influence 10. effort 11. shortcuts 12. evidence6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. work at2. According to3. run through4. in sight5. live with6. a variety of7. When it comes to8. live up to10. Translate the following sentences into English.1. Take Michael Jordan, it’s easy for people to see his achievements while neglect the price of blood and sweat that he has paid on the court in order to come out on top.2. Right in the first English class, our teacher conveyed a clear message to us: as the basic building blocks of the language, new words must be memorized; any other shortcut is fool’s gold.3. Thousands of Chinese laborers contributed greatly to the construction of America’s first transcontinental railroad, and their intense efforts deserve a page in American history.4. When it comes to training, the coach has no problem living with all sorts of complaints of the players but he never compromises with any of them.5. Traditional ethics seem especially important in some situations where the margin between right and wrong is as thin as an eggshell.6. As competition intensifies, our opponents and we are all working hard to live up to higher service standards.Unit 35. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. withdraw2. opposite3. consult4. seeking5. chief6. frustrated7. gather8. suggestions9. numerous 10. crucial 11. approval 12. yield6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. give up on2. kicked out3. at the end of my rope4. count!-out5. provide!-wit6. that is7. on the brink of8. moved forward10. Translate the following sentences into English.1. The health report stresses the importance of fresh fruit and vegetables in our diet.2. I spent a whole week gathering the courage to say no to their request.3. These journeys made him realize to the fullest extent that many of the world’s species were on the brink of extinction.4. Approval of the patient’s family should be sought before doctors carry out such operations.5. Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.6. We gave up on the missing mountain climber after he had been missing for two weeks.Unit 45. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. mankind2. determination3. burden4. define5. financial6. resources7. research 8. cure 9. evil 10. hardship 11. suicide 12. suffered6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. broke down2. took!-for granted3. look!-in the eye4. couldn’t help but respect5. crying over6. no doubt7. dressing up8. slipped into9. Translate the following sentences into English.1. He was no doubt a great hero so people couldn’t help but cry over his death.2. The actor used his celebrity status to fund research that might someday yield a cure for AIDS.3. The disabled man once considered suicide to relieve his family of the heavy burden.4. Children dress up as Superman to capture adults’ attention.5. It wasn’t until I matured that I realized I shouldn’t be afraid to look adversity and hardship in the eye.6. He could have easily stayed at home, for he had plenty of financial resources to keep him from worrying about medical bills..Unit 55. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. discharged2. anger3. latter4. relationship5. engaged6. backgrounds7. miserable 8. invitation 9. match 10. folded 11. overseas 12. propose6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. broke down2. from time to time3. From the very beginning4. knocked down5. agreed to6. talk!-round7. due to8. give in9. in silence 10. go abroad10. Translate the following sentences into English.1. I just received a email in which Jessica expressed her regret of ending the relationship with her beloved boyfriend.2. She broke down at the loss of her family, and the impact of this miserable incident remained for the rest of her life.3. Both my parents object to my going abroad to further my studies. I wonder if I should give in or try to talk them round.4. Edgar was not good with words, so whenever Jessica vented her anger on him, he only endured it in silence.5. The cheerful background music matches his mood very well, for he’s just got engaged to his beloved girlfriend.6. From time to time the system would utter a piercing noise indicating its inability to run properly.Unit 65. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. rejected2. properly3. judgment4. employer5. lack6. feedback7. qualified8. suitable9. candidate 10. confident 11. potential 12. punctual6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. cope with2. miss out3. applied for4. keep!-in mind5. for a bit6. reflecting on7. fill out8. get back9. a variety of 10. To our amazement10. Translate the following sentences into English.1. Sometimes even if you are totally qualified for the job, you may still be rejected.2. You should learn to cope with difficult situation. And even more important, don’t look to others for help.3. To my shock/amazement, he was not only involved in a variety of extracurricular activities but also had applied for a part-time job.4. Keep in mind that one more failure is one step closer to success.5. Don’t dwell on the reasons that are out of your control, because this job doesn’t entirely suit you and your chances are slim.6. Although you may not always like to hear negative feedback, whatever you do, don’t burn your bridges.Unit 75. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. tuition2. anxiety3. horrors4. switched5. quarter6. steady7. roughly8. prospects 9. disorder 10. represent 11. apparent 12. population6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. were booked up2. not getting anywhere3. ups and downs4. burst out5. get along with6. broke up with7. in advance8. had no choice9. In spite of 10. take your own life10. Translate the following sentences into English.1. The students who seek psychological counseling represent only the tip of the iceberg. Most students endure the stress in silence.2. The horror movie overwhelmed him so much that he began to suffer from a sleeping disorder, even insomnia.3. Lisa had always been a straight-A student until her junior year, when she had to hold down two part-time jobs to pay her tuition.4. In spite of the result of the aptitude test, John decided to switch his major from accounting to psychology.5. He would rather remain a sales clerk, apparently because he prefers a steady life to a life full of ups and downs.6. The computer has broken down on more than one occasion. Isn’t that enough for professional help?Unit 85. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. chemical2. soil3. disturb4. mixture5. substance6. ruin7. consumers8. stable9. pollution 10. supplies 11. decay 12. main6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. leaked out2. due to3. are known as4. depend on5. giving off6. make up7. live on8. have used up10. Translate the following sentences into English.1. With the construction of the nuclear power plant, this city now doesn’t have to worry about its own electricity supply. Instead, it can supply electricity to other cities nearby.2. These vegetables do not decay when kept at a relatively stable low temperature.3. This city is known as the financial center of the country. The development of its economy depends heavily on banking and foreign trade.4. This plant only lives on the top of certain high mountains and gives off a very sweet smell in spring.5. The main cause of this area’s water pollution i the chemical substance that leaks out of a paper mill by the river bank.6. This kind of litter is made up of a mixture of chemical waste. It has poisoned the soil, ruining it completely.。
Writing-and-Translation新风尚大学实用英语综合教程1-unit-1翻译与写作
1
1
Translation
Translation —英语的一词多义—词义
选择
对于一词多义的情况，译者需要细心体察, 将其表 达出来。
As soon as my head was out of the river, I panted heavily, wet to the skin. 头刚一浮出水面, 我就大口喘着气, 全身湿透了。 This ten-year-boy often wet himself in class. 这个十岁的男孩上课时常常尿裤子。
1 and effect
Writing
Examples from the text:
We need to succeed in college because it is relative to our happiness.
I hate it because it seems completely reasonable but is actually a trap, because it seems so easy but is actually a riddle to stump Oedipus.
the message that the speech carries? Do you
agree with it or not? Could you prepare a presentation（介绍） to the class, telling the rest of the class what you intend to achieve in ten years’ time？
But don’t think Li Yang’s success story will be your success story because you are not him.
大学实用翻译教程(英汉双向)第四章 词语翻译技巧
二、 汉译英
1、动词转为名词 这本书反映了20世纪90年代的中国社会状况。
The book is a reflection of the Chinese society of the 1990s. 据我们了解，贵公司经营中国产品已有多年 历史。
We learn that you have been dealers of Chinese products for many years. 我公司决定按照来函说明的条款，试订下列 货物。
（2）省略物主代词
We are doing our physical experiments. 我们正在做物理实验。
Plants obtain their energy from sunlight.
植物是从太阳那里获得能量的。
The diameter and the length of the wire are not the only factors to influence its resistance. 导线的直径和长度不是影响电阻的仅 有因素。
3、省略连词
When short waves are sent out and meet an obstacle, they are reflected. 短波发送出去，遇到障碍就反射回来。
Go and see if they are still in the laboratory. 请去看看他们是否还在实验室里。
第四章
词语翻译技巧
第一节 词类的转换
英语属印欧语系，汉语属汉藏语系。 英汉两种语言在词汇和语法结构方面 有许多不同，因此，在多数情况下英 汉互译的时候很难将两种语言的词汇 或结构一一对应。为了使译文符合译 出语的习惯，翻译时不必拘泥于原文 的表层结构，可以在忠实原文意义的 前提下，将原文中某些词的词类或成 分转换为译出语的其他词类或成分。
21世纪大学实用英语综合教程（第二册）课文翻译及课后习题答案unit4[教材]
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21世纪大学实用英语综合教程(第二册)课文翻译及课后习题答案unit 4我喜欢动物劳拉?A?莫雷蒂“你觉得你为什么这么喜欢动物呢？”这是圣诞夜我的家人问我的问题。
我知道他们期待我会说些诸如“我喜欢动物是因为它们聪明、好玩”之类的话。
可是我却说：“我喜欢动物，因为它们诚实。
”“在哪方面呢？”我的一个兄弟问道——似乎诚实仅仅表现在说实话，而众所周知动物是不会说话的！他的问题引来一阵开怀大笑。
“我喜欢动物，因为它们从不假装成别人，”我继续我的回答，“动物不会伪造感情。
”圣诞晚餐吃过了，礼物也打开了，我们正坐在沙发和扶手椅上。
咖啡正端上来，于是我抓紧机会继续说。
“我喜欢动物，因为它们从生活中只索取它们需要的东西。
它们不糟蹋环境，不污染水和它们所呼吸的空气。
它们不生产大规模杀伤性武器，然后用这些武器去攻击别人——尤其是它们的同类。
我喜欢动物因为它们根本不需要那些东西。
”“那是因为它们无知，”我的姐姐争论道,“它们不做这些事是因为它们根本不知道怎么做。
”狮子们不会聚在一起，”我反击道,“来商议如何灭绝斑马——即它们的食物来源。
我想这并不是因为它们不知道怎么做，而是因为这么做会适得其反。
”他们笑了。
“我喜欢动物，”我继续道，“还因为它们不留恋过去的东西，也不把过去的东西用作现在行为的借口。
它们不去计划未来的生活，它们只活在今天，这一刻，充实地，完全地，单纯地活着。
我喜欢动物因为它们比人类活得自由得多。
”“那是因为它们不会思考,”我的一个表亲说。
“这就是差别之所在吗？”我感到疑惑。
“你是想说它们不以我们的方式思考吧。
”屋里变得异常安静。
我很惊讶我的家人竟听得如此专注。
“还有，”我想起了自己成为保护动物权益积极分子的原因，随即补充道，“动物是地球上受害最深的生物：甚于儿童，甚于妇女，甚于有色人种。
偏见使我们去剥削、利用它们，把它们当作科研工具和可消耗的商品，还去吃它们。
我们把所能想到的任何暴行都用在它们身上。
我喜欢动物，因为它们不对自己或别人做那些我们对它们做的事情。
大学实用计算机英语教程翻译-吕云翔-Unit 2
Unit 2Section ASoftware Requirements （软件需求）The main goal of the requirements phase is to produce the software requirements specification (SRS ), which accurately captures the client’srequirements and which forms the basis of software development and validation. The basic reason for the difficulty in specifying software requirements comes from the fact that there are three interested parties -- the client, the end users, and the software developer. The requirements document has to be such that the client and users can understand it easily and the developers can use it as a basis for software development. Due to the diverse parties involved in software requirements specification, a communication gap exists. This makes the task of requirements specification difficult.There are three basic activities in the requirements phase. The first is problem orrequirements analysis. The goal of this activity is to understand such different aspects as therequirements of the problem, its context , and how it fits within the client’s organization. The second activity is requirements specification, during which the understood problem is specified or written, producing the SRS. And the third activity isrequirements validation, which is done to ensure that the requirements specified in the SRS are indeed what are desired .There are three main approaches to analyze. Unstructured approaches rely on interactionbetween the analyst, customer, and user to reveal all the requirements (which are then documented ). The second is the modeling-oriented approach, in which a model of the problem is built based on the available information. The model is useful indetermining if the understanding is correct and in ensuring that all the requirements have beendetermined. Modeling may be function-oriented or object-oriented . The third approach is theprototyping approach in which a prototype is built tovalidate the correctness and completeness ofrequirements.To satisfy its goals, a SRS should possess characteristics like completeness, consistency , unambiguous, verifiable , modifiable, etc. A good SRS should specify all the functions the software needs to support, performance of the system, the design constraints that exist, and all the external interfaces.One method for specifying the functionalspecifications that has become popular is the use case approach. With this approach the functionality of the system when a user interacts with it for achieving some goal. Each use case contains a normal scenario, as well as mangy exceptional scenarios, thereby providing the complete behavior of the system. Though use cases are meant for specification, as they are natural and story-like, by expressing them at different levels of abstraction they can also be used for problem analysis.For validation, the most commonly used method is reviewing or inspecting the requirements. Inrequirements inspections, the team of reviewers also includes a representative of the client to ensure thatall requirements are captured.。