F5 GTM广域网流量管理与优化方案

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more than 72 million users.”
客户感受
易于使用 最快响应速度
7
Internal DNS Servers
UNIX
WINS
8
跨ISP访问:南北电信互访问题
测试项目 DNS Result
网通北京ADSL用户访 问 12月2日凌晨1时
202.xxx.xxx.209
网通
电信
广东电信用户访问, 宽带用户,带宽 未知,12月2日
– If not then GTM determines what pool to send the traffic to based upon the WideIP LB method, and the availability of each pool.
– GTM returns A records only (AAAA and A6 records included)
TMM checks to see if there is a WideIP that matches the request
– If there is match gtmd handles the request. – If there is no match the request is passed down to BIND.
TMOS
11
主要功能与优势
支持应用在多个数据中心间进行透明交付 确保全球业务的连续性和应用的可用性 灵活的负载均衡算法,能够根据任何一项业务政策(包括地理信息、 负载情况、网络就近性等),并通过为直接用户交付全球流量控制, 来增强灵活性。 引导用户进入全球最佳站点,能够显著改进性能并提高客户的体验。 集中管理与监控,实现从单一地点提供全面的应用和数据中心状态信 息,降低管理开销 通过充分利用备份数据中心,以提高全球网络的效率、可扩展性以及 投资回报。 能够实现复杂任务的自动化流程,从而降低维护和管理开销。
16:30
219.xxx.xxx.11
网通
电信
网通北京ADSL用户 访问,12月2日
16:00
202.xxx.xxx.209
网通
电信
上海ADSL宽带用 户访问,12月2 日 20:00
219.xxx.xxx.11
网通
电信
Number of hits:
Requests per Second
Socket Connects
If a WideIP matches the request, gtmd checks it’s persistence table for a persistence record.
– If a match exists then gtmd will give out the record in the persistence table.
19
Topology举例(cont.)
From topology.inc
topology { // 6 Items
// server dc."London" pool."nor_am_web" pool."nor_am_web" dc."Tokyo" dc."Tokyo" pool."nor_am_web"
35 0.58 36 7.03 0.12 39.83 0.66
Biblioteka Baidu
多应用在多数据中心中的协同问题
9
Service Oriented Architecture
Clinical Record Services
Clinical records down in Dallas data center!
Personal Information
}
ldns continent."Europe" continent."North America" 0.0.0.0/0 continent."Asia" continent."Australia" continent."South America"
score 250 250 25 250 250 250
– BIND is version 9.3.1 – BIND zone file UI is now ZoneRunner – WideIP records are written to the appropriate zone files
GTM gets BIG-IP style monitors and pools.
1
BIG-IP Global Traffic Manager 广域网流量管理与优化方案
2
应用全球部署以后的挑战
异地容灾、故障切换 客户感受:易于使用、最佳访问效果 应用的协同 多数据中心资源的充分利用 扩展性 可管理性
3
容灾方案:宕机的代价是沉重的
• 33% of businesses did not have Disaster Recovery plans in place
• 16% of businesses lost between $100-$500K/day
• 26% of businesses don’t know how much they lost
Source: AT&T and IAEM report
“47% of the businesses cited that disaster recovery was a
Once the request reaches the pool level, the pool must make a load-balancing decision based upon it’s LB configuration and the availability of the pool members.
15
GTM LB Mechanism
GTM’s 采用分层的负载均衡机制 A WideIP load balances between its pools. A pool load balances between pool members.
– In the context of GTM a pool member is a Virtual Server.
prime target for IT Spending” – Network Computing Survivor’s Guide to 2006 survey
4
传统的应用容灾方案的切换机制
手动修改客户端访问目的地址 手动修改DNS解析记录方式 应用层重定向
都是需要人工介入!!!
5
指望人工进行容灾切换是靠不住的
– Big3dshim daemon facilitates communication between 9.x (big3d) and 4.x 3-DNS.
14
GTM决策过程
When a DNS request is received by the GTM listener, tmm and gtmd go through the following decision making process before any IP address is returned:
“Microsoft's websites were offline for up to 23 hours -
the most dramatic snafu to date on the Internet because of DNS equipment misconfiguration affecting
16
广域网访问流量优化
地址位置就近访问-Topology
控制全球用户访问在多个数据中心之间的流量分配
17
商业标准
GTM
欧洲用户 德国 Data Center
美洲用户
美国Data Center
新加坡 Data Center
亚洲用户
= 集成的性能结构
18
Topology 举例
来自北美(North America)的访问请求导向到北 美的两个数据中心( NA ) 来自北美( Europe )的访问请求导向到北美的两 个数据中心( London ) 来自其它地方的访问请求导向到北美的两个数据中 心( Tokyo )
Advanced application and component monitoring iRules - Flexibility to define distribution policies IPv6 AAAA record support Leading DNS performance (40K Res/s )
Slow to Implement
Error Prone
网络管理员
Costly
Labor Intensive
6
错误修改DNS记录的后果是极其严重的
“We screwed up. This is the worst day of my professional life “
– Network Administrator at Microsoft
}
"bigip_and_host" 30 ga ratio 172.25.118.100:80 ratio 2 172.25.118.105:80
Big3d’s are used to communicate availability between GTM and BIG-IP systems.
– Big3d’s communicate via iQuery over SSL, and utilize gzip to compress messaging
Total Bytes Sent (in KB)
Bytes Sent Rate (in KB/s)
Total Bytes Recv (in KB)
Bytes Recv Rate (in KB/s)
72 1.20 73 14.19 0.24 4148.24 69.12
69
4
1.15
0.07
70
5
13.47
0.96
0.22
0.02
4001.90 256.58
66.68
4.28
76
52
47
19
1.27
0.87
0.78
0.32
77
53
48
20
14.96
13.61
12.23
3.87
0.25
0.23
0.20
0.06
4388.54 3019.94 2703.26 21.73
73.12
50.32
45.05
0.36
12
F5 BIG-IP GTM--广域网流量管理与优化方案
北京数据中心
Router
Internet
BIG-IP
GTM
BIG-IP
上海数据中心
Server farm
Webmaster
User
查询www.abc.com
Local DNS
广州数据中心
13
GTM 基本工作机制
GTM is a Wide Area load balancer using DNS as the Traffic Management mechanism.
Services
Employee Information
Services
10
BIG-IP Global Traffic Manager(GTM)
极大提升全球交付应用的 可用性与可靠性
特性:应用智能、可管理性与高性能
SOA Application Management ZoneRunner® - Eliminate DNS Errors
– A virtual server is a sub component of a Server Object.
Thus you must configure Topology accordingly:
– 1st pass: pick a pool – 2nd pass: within a pool to select a pool member
24
组合的负载均衡算法
The Below pool contains a Virtual Server on a BIG-IP, and a Virtual Server from a Generic Host:
pool { name ttl preferred alternate member member
20
Topology example (cont.)
From the GUI
21
22
网络就近性动态探测
23
GTM支持的负载均衡算法
循环 全球可用性 LDNS持续性 应用可用性 地理分布 虚拟服务器容量 最少连接 Pkt/sec(数据包/每秒) KB/sec(千字节/每秒) 往返时间 中继段(hop) 数据包完整率 用户定义服务质量(QoS) 动态比率 LDNS循环 比率 随机
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