英国文学——莎士比亚

William Shakespeare (26 April 1564– 23 April 1616) was an English poet and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon".

威廉·莎士比亚是一个英国的诗人和演员,广泛被视为最伟大的英国作家在语言和世界的预杰出的剧作家。他通常被称为英国的国家和“雅芳吟游诗人的诗人”。

莎士比亚的代表作有四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》（英：Hamlet）、《奥赛罗》（英：Othello）、《李尔王》（英：King Lear）、《麦克白》（英：Mac Beth）。当然还有他的经典悲剧作品《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）

此外，他的喜剧作品也多有经典，例如：《仲夏夜之梦》（A Midsummer Night's Dream）、《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of Venice ）、《第十二夜》（Dvenadtsatayanoch）、《皆大欢喜》（《As you like it》）。

●内容（theme）：

It is generally approved that this sonnet bears a double-theme: While eulogizing the beauty of the poet’s friend and its performance, the poet also expresses a conventional faith in the permanence of art.

这是普遍认可的，这首诗有双重主题：歌颂诗人的朋友和其性能之美，诗人也表达了传统艺术的永恒信念。

●评论：

1.Simile: Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?

Summer and “you” are not similar on the surface, but virtually they are the representatives of beauty. Rhetoric Question: It is also a rhetorical question, that is, formally it’s a question. Readers don't need to answer because the answer is very clear.

明喻:我能把你比作夏日吗？

夏天和“你”在表面上是不相似的，但实际上他们是美的代表。修辞问题：也是一个反问句，也就是说，它是一个问题。读者不需要回答，因为答案很清楚。

2.Metaphor:And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:

The summer’s day is compared to a house, which is the thing we lend from the nature. Therefore, it’s period of use is limited, and it also insinuates the time that the duration of youth and beauty is limited.

隐喻:夏天的租期太短了：

夏天比作房子，这是我们从大自然中得到的东西。因此，它的使用期限是有限的，这也暗示青春与美丽的时间是有限的时间。

3.Personification: And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;

Obviously the poet compares the sun to a man, so he depicts his complexion. (Complexion is usually used to describe someone.

拟人化：经常是他的黄金肤色；显然，诗人把太阳的一个男人，所以他描绘了他的肤色。（肤色通常用来形容某人。）。

4.Hyperbole: But thy eternal summer shall not fade,

According to the laws of nature, every beautiful thing will gradually lose their beauty, so how can the beauty of the person who the poet describes be eternal?

夸张例如：但你永恒的夏天将不褪色。

根据法律的保护，任何美丽的东西会逐渐失去自己的美，是美的人怎么能是永恒的诗人是谁介绍的？

影响：

In a word, the poem expresses the two themes. For one thing, the poet highly praises the beauty of his friend, and for another thing,the poet also eulogizes the poetry art’s beauty and immortality.

总之，这首诗表达了这两个主题。一方面，诗人盛赞他朋友的美，而另一方面，诗人也歌颂了诗歌艺术的美和不朽的。