台车式热处理炉设计

摘要

台车式炉属于间断式变温炉，炉膛不分区段，炉温按规定的加热程序随时间变化。作为工业炉中颇具特色和代表性的一大类炉型，台车式炉已经被广泛应用于冶金及机械制造加工等行业。台车式炉的结构特点是：炉底为一可移动台车，加热前台车在炉外装料，加热件需放置在专用垫铁上，垫铁高度一般为200~400mm。加热时，由牵引机构将台车拉入炉内；加热后，由牵引机构将台车拉出炉外卸料。合理设计台车式热处理炉，对改善热处理炉的热效率，提高产品的质量具有重要意义。

本设计对象为20t台车式正火炉。主要由炉底，钢结构，烧嘴，炉衬，换热器，空、煤气管道，炉门，台车，台车轨道及烟囱等部分组成，用于45钢的正火处理。设计计算依据《工业炉设计手册》及《火焰炉设计计算参考资料》等参考书。主要包括：1.方案选择，2.燃料燃烧计算，3.炉内热交换计算，4.加热期炉子热平衡计算，5.保温期炉子热平衡计算，6.管路及排烟系统阻力损失计算，7.炉子重要部件选择等十几个部分。

应用3D画图软件Pro/ENGINEER建立炉子三维实体模型以及运用制图软件CAD进行炉体及各部件的工程图绘制。三维立体图能直观的反映炉子本身的构造，便于修改，利于设计讨论，在工程设计中正得到广泛的应用。该热处理炉设计特点是采用全纤维炉衬，纤维柔性密封，比普通的砖砌台车式热处理炉的热效率大大提高，达20%以上。在此基础上，利用脉冲燃烧控制技术及新型空气换热器，大量节省了能源，节约燃料，提高了工件热处理质量。

关键词：台车式正火炉，全纤维热处理炉，脉冲燃烧控制技术，换热器

Abstract

Bogie hearth furnace is intermittent temperature furnace, regardless of section, the furnace temperature change over time according to the provisions of the heating process. As a distinctive and representative of a large class of furnace industrial furnace, bogie hearth furnace has been widely used in metallurgy and mechanical manufacturing and processing industries. Bogie hearth furnace structure is characterized by: the bottom of a mobile trolley, heated front car loading in the furnace, heating be placed on a dedicated horn, horn height of generally 200 ~~ 400mm. When heated by the traction trolley pulled into the furnace; heated by the traction car pull out of the furnace discharge. Rational design of the trolley heat treatment furnace, and of great significance to improve the thermal efficiency of the heat treatment furnace to improve the quality of the product.

A 20t bogie hearth annealing furnace for annealing round steel made by 45 was designed in this paper. It is composed of furnace hearth, steel construction, burner,furnace liner, heat exchanger, air and coal gas pipes, furnace door,bogie, track of bogie and chimney. The calculation of designing mainly according 《Handbook of furnace designing》and 《Reference data book of flame furnace calculation of design》.It includes: 1.the selection of project, 2.the calculation of fuel combustion, 3.the calculation of heat-exchanging in furnace, 4.hear balance of the furnace as heating, 5.heat balance of the furnace during the process of thermal retardation, 6.the calculation of loss in piping and flue system, 7.the election of important components, and so on.

Using AutoCAD to draw the furnace and its accessories, and drawing 3-dimension construction of furnace by Pro/ENGINEER software.The 3D model now is widely used in engineering design because it can describes the construction of the furnace directly, and easy for revising.The heat treatment furnace design features all-fiber lining, fiber flexible seal, greatly improve the thermal efficiency than the ordinary brick trolley heat treatment furnace, and more than 30%. On this basis, the use of pulse combustion control technology and neW air heat exchanger, and save a lot of energy, save fuel, improve the quality of the Workpiece heat treatment.

Key Words: bogie hearth annealing furnace, all-fiber heat treatment furnace, pulse combustion control technology, heat exchanger