外刊经贸知识选读串讲第一部分

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外刊经贸知识选读lesson

第八页，编辑于星期五：五点十五分。
债务危机
债务危机是指在国际借贷领域中大量负债，超过了借款者自身的清偿能力，造成无力还债或必须延期还债的现象。
第九页，编辑于星期五：五点十五分。
发展中国家的债务危机起源于20世纪70年代，80年代初爆发。从1976～1981年，发展中国家的债务迅速增长，到1981年
第二十页，编辑于星期五：五点十五分。
2.offset vt. 抵消；弥补；
n. 抵消，补偿；平版印刷
The gains offset the losses.
收支相抵。
In basketball, he offsets his small size by his cleverness and speed.
7. moderate adj. 稳健的，温和的；适度的，中等的；有节制的 vi. 变缓和，变弱
vt. 节制；减轻
His fury moderated when he learned why she had done it.
当他知道了她那样做的原因时，他的火气就消了。 The adjustment of the interest rate will moderate. 利率的调整将会放缓。
债务困扰严重的主要是巴西、墨西哥、阿根廷、委内瑞拉、智利和印度等国。
第十页，编辑于星期五：五点十五分。
8. consecutive adj. 连贯的；连续不断的 Wal-Mart Stores reported falling same-
store sales for the fifth consecutive quarter. 沃尔玛汇报可比店销售连续第五个季度下降。
外债总额积累达5550亿美元，以后两年经过调整，危机缓和，

外刊经贸知识选读Lesson1 China in the market Place

Terms

Manufactured goods 制成品
制成品，是指在一个工业企业内完成全部生产过程，经检验符合规定的质量标准，并可销售供社会使用的合格劳动产品。如自行车厂生产完成的待销自行车;棉纺织厂生产完成的待销坯布;机床厂生产完成的待销机床等。在本企业内不再需要继续加工的半成品，经检验合格供对外销售，也作成品。如自行车厂生产完成的供外厂配套用或供销售的零件
Lesson 1 China's Foreign Trade
Part1
Opening paragraph
Part2 Breakdown Part3 The Balance Shifts
Part4 Direction of Trade Part5 Reserves Rise
Part6 Investment Encouraged
withdrawal[wɪð'drɔːəl] --[U]the removal or stopping of something such as support, an offer, or a service 〔对支持、建议、服务等的〕取消，收回 --[C,U] the act of moving an army, weapons etc away from the area where they were fighting 撤军；撤退；撤回 --[C,U] the act of taking money from a bank account, or the amount you take out 〔从银行账户中的〕取款；取款额 Shift away from … towards/to-从…转向...
manufactured goods and the capital equipment required

外刊经贸知识选读复习资料

外刊经贸知识选读第一章一、术语1. 制成品 manufactured goods2.资本货物 capital goods3.国际收支 balance of payments. 经常项目 current account有形贸易项目 visible trade account无形贸易项目 invisible trade account贸易顺差 trade surplus贸易逆差 trade deficit易货贸易 barter补偿贸易 compensation trade反向贸易 counter-trade组装生产 assembly manufacturing工商统一税 industrial and commercial consolidated tax合资企业 joint venture延期付款 deferred payment买方信贷 buyer credit卖方信贷 supplier credit软贷款 (低息贷款) soft loan最惠国待遇 MFN treatment (Most Favored nation treatment)永久性正常贸易关系 PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations)国民收入 NI(National Income)国民生产总值 GNP(Gross National Product)国内生产总值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product)国际复兴和开发银行IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)国际开发协会 IDA(International Development Association)国际金融公司 IFC(International Finance Comporation)经济合作和发展组织 OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) 国际清算银行 BIS(Bank for International Settlement)欧洲经济共同体 EEC(European Economic Community)欧洲联盟 EU(European Union)外商直接投资 FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)二、词语释义：substantially ： dramatically， significantly， considerablysubsequently： afterwardsexacerbate： deteriorate， worsen; aggravate; make worsewithdraw： cancellationtheme： principlein return for： in exchange fordisrupt： interruptdestined： designedpronounced： markedin the wake of： following; after withundue： too much; unbearablereverse： change to the oppositebuoyant： briskoutcome： resultboost： stimulate; promote; developrecover： reboundfacilitate： make easyrun-down： reductionmount exhibitions： hold exhibitionsinsofar as： to the extentbottlenecks： obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country‘s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。

外刊经贸知识选读_重点.

外刊经贸知识选读最新串讲资料第一章一、术语制成品manufactured goods 资本货物capital goods 国际收支balance of payments 经常项目current account 有形贸易项目visible trade account 无形贸易项目invisible trade account 贸易顺差trade surplus 贸易逆差trade deficit易货贸易barter 补偿贸易compensation trade 反向贸易counter-trade 组装生产assembly manufacturing 工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax 合资企业joint venture 延期付款deferred payment 买方信贷buyer credit 卖方信贷supplier credit 软贷款（低息贷款）soft loan 最惠国待遇MFN treatment (Most Favored nation treatment)永久性正常贸易关系PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations) 国民收入NI(National Income) 国民生产总值GNP(Gross National Product) 国内生产总值GDP(Gross Domestic Product) 国际复兴和开发银行IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) 国际开发协会IDA(International Development Association) 国际金融公司IFC(International Finance Comporation) 经济合作和发展组织OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)国际清算银行BIS(Bank for International Settlement) 欧洲经济共同体EEC(European Economic Community) 欧洲联盟EU(European Union) 外商直接投资FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)1.The special Economic Zone 经济特区2.a well-placed source 一位高层消息灵通人士3.infrastructure 基础设施4.capital stock 实际资本5.consumer goods 消费品6.preferential tax rate 优惠税率7.cooperative enterprise 合作（经营）企业8.ETDZ （ Economic &Technical Development Zone ）经济技术开发区9.entrepreneurship 企业家精神10.means of production 生产资料11.stock-taking 评估12.Allocation of resources 资源配置13.macroregulation and control 宏观调控14.fiscal policies 财政政策15.tight monetary policy 紧缩的货币政策16.working capital 运营资本17.basic policy 基本国策18.technical transformation 技术革新一、术语：1.economic heavyweight 举足轻重的经济强国mercial hub 商业活动中心3.Per capita 人均4.Gross National Product 国民生产总值5.punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税6.securities 有价证券7.real estate market 房地产市场8.“ Greater China”trade bloc “大中华”贸易集团9.conglomerate 跨行业公司10.consortium 国际财团11.GATT:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定1．centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济2．market economy 市场经济3.disinflationary (anti-inflationary) policies 反通货膨胀政策4.deflation 通货紧缩5.short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元利率modity market 商品市场7.nominal (dollar) terms 名义（美元）价8.constant (dollar) terms 不变（美元）价9.business cycle 商业周期10.weighted average 加权平均数11.hard currencies 硬通货12.fiscal adjustment 财政调整13.portfolio investment 有价证券投资14.market diversification 市场多元化15.tight credit policy 紧缩的信贷政策16.exchange-rate devaluation 汇率贬值17.accommodative monetary policy 融通性货币政策18.yield curve 收益曲线19.per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值20.GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定21.EMS: European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系22.GDP deflator 消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数（ GDP 平减指数）23.CMEA (Comecon): Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 经互会24.LIBOR: London Inter-Bank Offered Rate 伦敦同业银行优惠利率22.per capita income 人均收入23.multilateral trade agreements 多边贸易协定24．Portfolio investment 证券投资25.cyclical deceleration in investment spending 生产总值通货膨胀因素指数26.the population-weighted growth rate 人口加权增长率trade representative 贸易谈判代表government procurement 政府采购NAFTA （ North America Free Trade Agreements ）北美自由贸易协定trade sanctions 贸易制裁trade hawks 贸易中主张强硬路线的鹰派人物一、术语：the single market 统一大市场 Maastricht Treaty 马斯特里赫特条约barrier-free market 无壁垒市场 free-trade zone 自由贸易区referendum 公民复决投票 merger 兼并budget cuts 预算削减 political and economic integration 政治经济一体化deregulation 放松管制 privatization 私有化二、词语释义：substantially : dramatically, significantly, considerably subsequently: afterwardsexacerbate: deteriorate, worsen; aggravate; make worsewithdraw: cancellationtheme: principlein return for: in exchange fordisrupt: interruptdestined: designedpronounced: markedin the wake of: following; after withundue: too much; unbearablereverse: change to the oppositebuoyant: briskoutcome: resultboost: stimulate; promote; developrecover: reboundfacilitate: make easyrun-down: reductionmount exhibitions: hold exhibitionsinsofar as: to the extentbottlenecks: obstacles二、词语释义：1.in piecemeal form: piece by piece; gradually 逐渐的2.showpiece: a prime or outstanding example 典范3.pipedream: fantasy; daydream; dream that cannot be realized 白日梦4.from scratch: from the very beginning 从零开始，从最初开始5.grassroots: basic level 基层6.the dust settles: the confusion ends 尘埃落定7.in the driver’s seat: in the dominant position二、词语释义：1.jockey: move2.is bustling with: is filled with3.giddy: dizzy; euphoric4.farfetched: improbable; incredible5.clear: earn a net profit6.deal a hard blow t strike heavily7.rung: level8.retaliation: return of ill treatment for ill treatment; revenge; reprisal9.career out of control: run out of control二、词语释义：1.in a row: in succession2.easing: slowing down; decrease3.momentum: force of movement4.underlying: being at the basis of5.slackening: slowing of speedpound: worsen7.moderate inflation: ease inflation8.robust: strong and healthy9.setbacks: frustrations10.slump: depression11.edge down: move slowly down12.depreciation: devaluation13.spike: abrupt increase14.pick-up: recovery15.rein in: control16.bottoming-out: reaching the lowest point before rising again （止跌回升）17.stagnat: stop; almost二、词语释义：1.tough: uncompromising （不妥协的，强硬的）2.discrimination: unfair treatment3.sanctions: penalty4.escalate: develop; intensify5.frictions: conflicts6.procurement: purchase7.be bullied into doing: be forced to do8.is awake t is conscious of9.amenable to responsive to10.a ragged start: a poor start11.intolerable: unbearable12.retaliate: revenge; reprisal13.impose: exert; influence14s.drawn-out: prolonged and boring15.shock: impact16. prompting: provoking17. tactical: skillful18. underpinning: foundation19. peeved: annoyed20. embrace: acceptance二、词语释义：big bang: strong and powerful effect; impact （不同凡响的效果）sour: worsen backlash: a strong adverse reactionbe bursting to: be eager to （迫不及待地… ） skid: slide; fall gush about: talk about with excessive enthusiasm （滔滔不绝地谈论）translate into: transform into hang over: impend over; threaten 三、句子翻译1．During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrializatio n programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。

外刊经贸知识选读复习(自考) lesson 1-15 课后问答

外刊经贸知识选读复习Lesson 1 China’s Foreign Trade(中国的对外贸易)三、课后问题：1、What‘s the meaning of ―the pattern of China‘s foreign trade‖?―The pattern of China‘s foreign trade‖ refers chiefly(主要的) to thecommodity structure of China‘s foreign trade and her trade partnership with theworld.2、What kind of clause is introduced by ―when‖ in the sentence of the thirdparagraph, section 1? An adverbial (状语) clause or an attributive (定语)one?An attributive clause3、“Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role inmodernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain （过度负担）on the nationaleconomy.‖(中国政府认识到，国外技术对本国经济现代化作用重大，这使1978年中国的进口额增长了50%以上，结果国民经济背上了沉重的负担。

) Why did the more than 50% rise in imports of 1978 place undue strain on China‘s national economy?More foreign exchanges(外汇) is required for more imports. All sections of China‘s national economy would have to work harder and better to export andearn more for the imports increased.4、What‘s ―a net grain exporter(粮食净出口国)‖? Does it mean one who hasnever done any imports?“A net grain exporter‖ should be one who has done both imports and exportsof the item, but finally exported more than imported within a period of time.5、―The strong increase in imports last year is attributed to buoyant economicactivity as well as to the success of the Government‘s trade and foreigninvestment policies.‖(去年进口额的大大增加不仅是由于政府贸易政策与对外投资政策的成功，而且是由于趋于上升的经济。

BReadinglesson1西方经贸导读第一课

• 为标新立异、出语不凡, 新闻语言中造词较多。如superachiever , Watergate，sitin，black power。
• 为了追求新奇和亲切感,它常使用体育、娱乐、赌博、军事等词语以及俚语、行话和俗语。有的比喻词用得形象生动, 如“ 削减” 不用reduce 或decrease,而用诸如不是斧砍就是刀削等方面的词: cut , trim, ax ,slice, slash 等。再如“ 大” 不用big 和 large 等常用词, 而用mammoth: a
• Lesson 8 China's Textiles in the World Market-Opportunities & Challenges
• Lesson 9 The Commodities Market--Oil, Minerals &Foodstuffs
Lesson 1
China’s Emerging & the World Economy
(二)除通过专业词语外,一部分普通英语的词语也被大量地频繁地使用,从而形成带有专业词语色彩的准专业词语群.
• 增长---increase, rise , grow • 下降--relapse , fall , slide • 比较--lower , higher , the highest, the
Teaching Aims
After studying this lesson, you are required to: Master some new words , expressions and technical terms.
Text
Chugging Along 稳步向前
本文主要介绍了中国经济的飞速发展, 使之成为世界经济发展的一个主要推动力, 中国的巨大市场吸引众多跨国公司来华投资,这引起一系列连锁经济效应,随着中国经济发展,他的进口能力也将进一步提高,对世界经济而然, 具有重大意义.

外刊经贸知识选读Lesson 1

3.contract n. binding agreement between persons,groups.合同，合约 vt. 订立合同 vt. Make or become smaller. 收缩 e.g. Metals contract as they become cool. 金属冷则收缩。 4.shift from towards/to 从向转移 e.g. There has been a shift of emphasis from manufacturing to service industries. 重点已从制造业向服务业转移。
11.Sino-: chinese 中国人的 Sino-Japanese relations 中日关系 Chinese officials stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry,but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication,not necessarily for advanced technology as that term is understood in the West. need for sth. need for sb to do sth. 需要，必须
USSR:Union of Soviet Socialist 苏联
Republics
2.exacerbate v. make worse,aggravate.使恶化，加剧。 e.g. Her mother’s interference exacerbated the difficulties in their marriage. 她母亲从中干预使他们的婚姻雪上加霜。

Lecture 1

Passage 2 .................................................................................. 39．What has the pulp and paper industry been greatly affected by these days? 40．In the past, what was the probable price that the environmental effects of pulp mill practices had to pay? 41．Why have some paper mills recently modernized their mill design?
自学考试《外刊经贸知识选读》考试说明

三、题型及分数分配 1、选择题（30%） 2、英译中（10%） 3、中译英（10%） 4、阅读答问（18%） 5、阅读、判断对错（20%） 6、翻译（12%）
自学考试《外刊经贸知识选读》考试说明

四、其他本考试为闭卷考试，时间共150分钟。采用百分制评分，60分为及格分；考生不得在考场使用任何书本、词典或其它参考资料。

四、简答题（本大题共 6小题，每小题 3分，共 18分） Passage 1 ................................................................ 36．Please rewrite the first sentence of the passage in plainer words, having the central ideas clarified． 37．Is the clause introduced by the underlined “when” an adverbial clause or an attributive one? 38．What‟s the meaning of the underlined word “outstripping” in the last sentence?

自考笔记.自考考前压题预测.0096外刊经贸知识选读串讲讲义

第一部分导言一、内容梗概《外刊经贸知识选读》这本教材以课文为核心，选文题材包括与我国经贸研究与实际工作有关的几个主要方面：中国对外贸易与吸收外资的概况以及其改革开放的大背景，国际经贸的宏观形势，世界经济和贸易大国的贸易政策和问题，亚洲新兴经济的状况和问题，日益激烈的市场竞争，从关贸总协定到世界贸易组织，初级产品市场的前景预测和市场变化的微观报导等。

这些课程内容的表达上语言上则提供了大量的、丰富的经贸研究与实际工作经常需用的词语、句式和文体及其应用的范例。

二、课程目标学习本课程，要求学生初步掌握使用英语从西方报刊或相类的材料中直接了解并获取经贸信息的基本知识和技巧。

为了实现这一最终目的，必须在学习过程中切实达到下列目标：1、熟悉并掌握课文中出现的经常用于报刊经贸文章（或相类材料）的词、片语和句型；2、能比较熟练地运用这些语言知识并结合所学的经贸业务和背景知识正确地理解教材中的课文练习用文、补充阅读材料等，并能得其要旨。

三、课程性质《外刊经贸知识选读》课程是全国高等教育自学考试国际贸易专业的必考课和英语专业的选修课，是为培养和检验自学应考者的阅读和理解西方报刊经贸文章所需的专业英语的基本知识和应用能力而设置的一门专业英语课程。

这一课程是英语阅读和理解课的一个专业分支。

其特点是：阅读材料以当代国际经贸活动为主要内容和背景；文章是用相关的英语表达的课程的设计和教材的编写着力于提示和总结这类材料的语言运用规律的启发有关经贸知识的应用。

由于课程内容的高度经贸专业化，学习本课程之前应完成经济学和其他国际贸易基础课程的学习。

四、学习方法1、首先要反复认知和记忆教材中出现的在西方经贸报刊文章（英语）中经常使用的词、片语和句型，了解其含义，掌握其用法，能够熟练地运用在阅读理解之中；2、在初步掌握了有关语言知识的基础上，在阅读中要结合所学文章的上下文和内容背景运用这些基本语言知识去正确、深入、灵活地理解。

这里所谓“灵活”，就是说一个词，片语或句型具体用在一句一段一篇里时其含义以至其用法经常有所变化，报刊文字尤其如此，而读者在理解上也要有随和应变之巧，不可一味墨守而不得其真义。

外刊经贸知识选读

提高跨文化交流能力
增强语言表达能力
阅读外刊经贸文章有助于提高英语水平，增强商务英语表达能力。
了解不同文化习俗
外刊经贸文章通常会涉及不同国家和地区的文化习俗、商业礼仪和谈判风格，有助于企业了解并适应不同文化环境。
提高跨文化沟通能力
通过阅读外刊经贸文章，可以学习如何在跨文化背景下进行有效沟通，提高企业在国际合作中的沟通效率。
定期复习与总结
对所学内容进行复习和总结，加深理解和记忆。
注重理论与实践相结合
学习理论知识
通过阅读外刊了解经贸领域的理论和实践知识。
关注实际案例
关注经贸领域的实际案例和事件，结合理论知识进行分析和理解。
参与实践项目
如果有机会，可以参与经贸领域的实践项目或实习，将所学知识应用于实际中。
参与国际经贸论坛与活动
阅读外刊经贸知识有助于了解不同国家和地区的文化背景、商业习惯和沟通方式，提高跨文化沟通能力，更好地与国际合作伙伴进行交流和合作。
拓展国际业务合作
发掘国际市场机会
通过了解国际市场动态和行业趋势，发现潜在的国际市场机会，为企业拓展国际业务提供决策依据。
建立国际人脉网络
阅读外刊经贸知识有助于结识来自不同国家和地区的业界人士，建立广泛的国际人脉网络，为开展国际合作提供便利。
拓展国际视野
了解国际经贸格局
通过对外刊经贸文章的阅读，可以了解国际经贸格局、区域经济一体化和国际贸易体系，有助于企业制定国际化战略。
学习国际先进经验
外刊经贸文章经常介绍国际知名企业的经营理念、管理模式和创新实践，有助于企业吸收先进经验、提升管理水平。
培养全球化思维
通过阅读外刊经贸文章，可以培养全球化思维方式和跨文化交流能力，有助于企业在国际竞争中取得优势。

第9课贸易新星外刊经贸知识选读,每课重要知识点,串讲,课文翻译

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第9课贸易新星Prosperity Persists in the UAE阿拉伯联合酋长国持续繁荣一、（Excerpts）(摘录）The profits of peace and prosperity 和平与共荣益处多多1。

In the two years since Iraq was ousted from Kuwait, peace and prosperity have returned to the Gulf region， and the UAE in particular .Major development plans have resumed in Abu Dhabi's oil and gas sector and Dubai’s trade figures are soaring as more companies adopt the emirate as their regional base。

Yet, below the surface calm, defense is still of great concern。

The topic dominated discussions at the GCC summit in Abu Dhabi in December，and in February the government announced its biggest—ever investment in defense equipment at IDEX 1993, an exhibition held in Abu Dhabi。

自考00096外刊经贸知识选读生词,重点词组,课后问答Lesson5-10

自考00096外刊经贸知识选读生词,重点词组,课后问答Lesson5-10Lesson 5 关于美国的贸易策略与政策( On the US Strategy and Policy in Trade)一、译文：美国已做好准备任其贸易关系恶化华盛顿邮报通讯社彼得.贝尔华盛顿电——克林顿政府正在开始制定一个更为强硬的美国贸易政策，这向欧洲和日本发出信号，它将会为美国出口要求更公平的待遇，并且克林顿政府已经做准备，任凭其与贸易伙伴的关系在好转之前先恶化。

上周传来了最强烈的信号，美国贸易代表米奇.坎特迅速指出有12个成员国的欧共体“不可容忍”的歧视那些寻求与欧共体签订政府协议的美国公司。

坎特先生说，弱国欧共体的政策不加以改变的话，美国政府在六个月内就要开始报复。

本周对于熟悉克林顿政府的官员和国会消息灵通人士的采访中，他们透露了新政府贸易政策的初始主题。

其要点有：坚决主张欧洲和日本答应给予美国出口公司进入欧洲和日本市场的机会，就如外国公司在美国的道德待遇一样，从而创造一个“公平竞争领域“二、重要词组：1、tough强硬的*2、Clinton administration克林顿政府3、get better 好转4、be prepared to do something有准备的、准备好的5、trading partners 贸易伙伴6、move 提议、提出*7、discrimination against 歧视….*8、retaliate 报复*9、trade representative 贸易代表10、trade policies 贸易政策11、sanctions 制裁*12、trade sanctions 贸易制裁13、sanctions on 制裁……14、trade barrier 贸易壁垒15、escalate 逐步升高、逐步上升16、escalate into sth.17、protectionism 贸易保护主义19、the future of 前景20、trade surplus 贸易赤字21、results-oriented 结果导向22、frictions 摩擦、冲突、矛盾23、a range of 一系列的24、North American Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA)北美自由贸易协定25、trade priority 贸易优先权26、live with the consequences 承受后果27、trade hawks 贸易鹰派、贸易强硬派28、procurement 采购*29、government procurement 政府采购30、stick by our guns 坚持己见31、balanced against 与……相对32、free-trade agreement 自由贸易协定33、business 商会34、bully 威吓*35、get off 开始36、trade signals 贸易信号课后问题1、“The Clinton administration is drawing the first lines of tougher U.S. policy on trade, signaling to Europe and Japan that it will demand fairer treatment for American exports and is prepared to see relationships with U.S. trading partners get worsebefore they get better.” 克林顿政府正在开始制定一个更为强硬的美国贸易政策，这向欧洲和日本发出信号，它将会为美国出口要求更公平的待遇，并且克林顿政府已经做准备，任凭其与贸易伙伴的关系在好转之前先恶化。

外刊经贸知识选读复习要点

Lesson One China in the Market Place一、术语：manufactured goods 制成品capital equipment 资本货物balance of payments 国际收支current account 经常项目visible trade account 有形贸易项目invisible trade account 无形贸易项目trade surplus 贸易顺差trade deficit 贸易逆差barter 易货贸易compensation trade 补偿贸易counter-trade 反向贸易assembly manufacturing 组装生产industrial and commercial consolidated tax 工商统一税joint venture 合资企业deferred payment 延期付款buyer credit 买方信贷supplier credit 卖方信贷soft loan 软贷款（低息贷款）MFN treatment: Most Favored Nation treatment 最惠国待遇PNTR: Permanent Normal Trading Relations 永久性正常贸易关系NI: National Income 国民收入GNP: Gross National Product 国民生产总值GDP: Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴和开发银行IDA: International Development Association 国际开发协会IFC: International Finance Corporation 国际金融公司OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作和发展组织BIS: Bank for International Settlement 国际清算银行EEC: European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体EU: European Union 欧洲联盟FDI: Foreign Direct Investment 外商直接投资二、词语释义：exacerbate: deteriorate 恶化disrupt: interrupt 中断in the wake of: following 继┉之后breakdown: analysis by classification 分类分析buoyant: brisk 上扬的，增产的run-down: reductionmount exhibitions: hold exhibitionsinsofar as: to the extent 在┉范围之内bottlenecks: obstacles; problems that retard or halt free movement or progress三、句子翻译：Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese ec onomy has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the na tional economy.官方认为，外国技术可在中国经济现代化中起重要作用，这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。

《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料

《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第一章一、术语制成品 manufactured goods资本货物 capital goods国际收支 balance of payments经常项目 current account有形贸易项目 visible trade account无形贸易项目 invisible trade account贸易顺差 trade surplus贸易逆差 trade deficit易货贸易 barter补偿贸易 compensation trade反向贸易 counter-trade组装生产 assembly manufacturing工商统一税 industrial and commercial consolidated tax合资企业 joint venture延期付款 deferred payment买方信贷 buyer credit卖方信贷 supplier credit软贷款（低息贷款） soft loan最惠国待遇 MFN treatment （Most Favored nation treatment）永久性正常贸易关系 PNTR（Permanent Normal Trading Relations）国民收入 NI（National Income）国民生产总值 GNP（Gross National Product）国内生产总值 GDP（Gross Domestic Product）国际复兴和开发银行IBRD（International Bank for Reconstruction and Development）国际开发协会 IDA（International Development Association）国际金融公司 IFC（International Finance Comporation）经济合作和发展组织OECD（Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development）国际清算银行 BIS（Bank for International Settlement）欧洲经济共同体 EEC（European Economic Community）欧洲联盟 EU（European Union）外商直接投资 FDI（Foreign Direct Investment）二、词语释义：substantially ：dramatically，significantly，considerably subsequently： afterwardsexacerbate：deteriorate，worsen；aggravate；make worse withdraw： cancellationtheme： principlein return for： in exchange fordisrupt： interruptdestined： designedpronounced： markedin the wake of： following； after withundue： too much； unbearablereverse： change to the oppositebuoyant： briskoutcome： resultboost： stimulate； promote； developrecover： reboundfacilitate： make easyrun-down： reductionmount exhibitions： hold exhibitionsinsofar as： to the extentbottlenecks： obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country‘s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。

外刊经贸知识选读课文一

Lesson 1China in the Market PlaceBarry Coulthurst examines the development of China’s trade policy and the present state of the overseas economic links --巴里库尔塞斯特对中国贸易政策的演变和当前与海外经济往来状况的研究The pattern of China’s foreign trade has changed substantially since the founding of the people’s Republic, During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry. The Great Leap Forward of 1958-1959 initially produced gains in agricultural and industrial production, but subsequently resulted in serious economic imbalances. Economic problems were exacerbated by three bad harvests (1959-1961) with the result that national income and the volume of foreign trade contracted during 1960-1962 The withdrawal of Soviet economic and technical aid in the early-1960s caused trade to shift away from the USSR and its Comecon partner towards Japan and Western Europe. A consistent theme of China’s foreign trade policies has been the strong emphasis which has been placed on developing trade relations with the Third World countries.The growth of foreign trade was disrupted again during the cultural Revolution(1966-1976) when agricultural and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became more serious.Foreign Trade, which has a major role in the four Modernizations programme, has grown rapidly over the past few years.A major trade agreement with Japan, under which China exports coal and oil in return for industrial equipment and technology was signed in February 1978. China also signed a long-term trade agreement with the EEC in 1978 while trade with the USA has increased rapidly in the wake of the normalization of diplomatic relations at the beginning of 1979. The Sino-USA agreement on trade relations, which came into force in February 1980. Accords China Most-favoured nation treatment.BreakdownA commodity breakdown of China’s trade shows that fuels accounted for 24 per cent of total exports in 1982, food products for 13 percent, textile fibres and mineral ores for 7 per cent and manufactured goods(the most important products were textiles, chemicals and machinery and transport equipment ) for 55 percent. Since the founding of the people’s republic strong emphasis has been placed on importing capital equipment in order to strengthen the industrial sector. But the leading categories of imports in 1982 were food, which accounted for 22 percent of total, light manufactured items with a share of 20 percent and machinery and transport equipment with 17 percent.During the past few years a major objective of the Chinese authorities has been to reduce the proportion of agricultural exports, while increasing that of industrial and mineral products. A wide variety of industrial goods are now exported and Chinese capital equipment has been used by a number of developing countries to establish projects in areas such as agriculture, forestry, light industry, food processing, water conservation and transport and communications.The Balance Shifts.The US dollar value of Chinese exports increased at an average rate of almost 18 percent per annum between 1978 and 1983, while imports increased by approximately 11 per cent pere annum. As a result, the visible trade surplus rose sharply from US$1.4 billion in 1981 to US$4.4 billion in 1982 AND us$3.7 billion in1983. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China’s economic planners, but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979. Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 percent in 1978 placing undue strain on the national economy. Grain imports have fallen sharply over the past few years- China became a net grain exporter in 1984 – and in 1983 the country started to export soyabeans and cotton.The pattern of foreign trade growth was reversed in 1984; the value of exports increased by 10 percent, but imports jumped 38 percent with the result that the visible trade account was in deficit by US$1.1 billion. The strong increase in importslast year is attributed to buoyant economic activity as well as to the success of the Government’s trade and foreign investme nt policies.Direction of TradeHongKong is China’s major export market accounting for approximately 26 percent of total exports in 1983(though much is re-exported to other destinations from there). Other important markets include Japan, with a share of 20 percent in 1983, and the USA with approximately 8 percent. The EEC’s share of China’s exports has generally been around 11-12 percent over the past few years (the leading export markets within the European Community are Germany and United Kingdom), while the proportion destined for the comecon countries declined from almost 15 percent in 1978 to 6 percent in 1983. The non-oil developing countries (excluding Hong Kong) accounted for 23 percent of China’s total exports in 1983.In sharp contrast the developing countries provided less than 15 percent of China’s imports in 1983. The most important suppliers among the industrial countries were Japan, with a share of 26 per cent, and the USA with 13 percent. The EEC’s share in 1983 was 15 percent and that of comecon 8.2 per cent.The successful outcome to negotiations between Britain and China about the future of Hong Kong will strengthen Sino-British relations and is expected to boost trade between the two countries. A large British economic and trade delegation, headed by Lord Young, Minister without portfolio, visited China in March. The value of Chinese exports to Britain, which rose rapidly between 1977 and 1980, declined in 1981-1982, but recovered strongly in 1983; imports from the United Kingdom followed a similar pattern. The most important Chinese exports to Britain in 1983 were clothing, textile fibres, tea and food products while the leading British exports included iron and steel, machinery and transport equipment, scientific instruments, chemicals and textile fibres.Chinese officials stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry, but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication, not necessarily for advanced technology as that term is understood in the West.Reserves RiseThere are no official statistics covering the invisible account of the balance of payments, but the size of the visible trade surplus during 1981-1983 and a pronounced increase in earnings from tourism suggest that the current account has been in surplus over the past few years.Foreign exchange reserves have risen rapidly from approximately US $2.5 billion at end-1980 to US$17.0 billion (sufficient for approximately eight months’ imports) by October 1984. Approximately US $12 billion of the country’s r eserves are held by the central bank, the people’s bank of China, while the balance is controlled by the bank of China which specializes in foreign exchange business. Individual cities must try to balance their foreign exchange earnings and requirements, but there is some scope for purchasing additional foreign exchange with Renminbi yuan. The authorities are willing to permit a run-down is the country’s international reserves over the next few years as a means of accelerating the introduction of foreign technology.China has shown a much more flexible approach to foreign trade over the past few years and has adopted a series of measures designed to strengthen international economic co-operation. Foreign countries are encouraged to mount exhibitions of their goods and China itself has participated in a number of trade fairs and exhibitions held abroad. Since the late 1970s China has also adopted foreign trade practices long-established in many other countries. Goods are produced according to a sample provided by customer, while strong encouragement is given to compensation trade whereby a foreign seller supplies raw materials and equipment and receives manufactured goods, produced by the equipment provided, in return. Compensation trade differs from barter or counter-trade insofar as there is a direct link between the equipment supplied from abroad and manufactured product. Assembly manufacturing began in 1978 and particular forms of foreign trade are eligible for exemption from customs duties and taxation.Investment EncouragedA series of polices designed to encourage foreign investment have accompanied these trade reforms. A lao adopted in1979 defines the principles governing the rights and interests of participants in joint ventures. The China International Trust and Investment Corporation(CITIC), established in 1979, co-ordinates incoming foreign investment, promotes joint ventures by assisting Chinese and foreign enterprises to find suitable business partners and also has responsibility for negotiating contracts relating to 100 percent foreign-owned enterprises When negotiations are complete and a joint venture contract has been agreed, it is submitted to the ministry of foreign Economic Relations and Trade for final approval.China’s cautious approach to f oreign borrowing is to be maintained, at least for the time being. The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China’s determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets. Foreign investments is advantageous insofar as it facilitates the transfer of technology and skills and avoids creating an overhang of debt. The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy, such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints, have been tackled. China’s access to substantial sums of money from the World bank also reduces the need to borrow on commercial terms.China has borrowed almost US$2 billion from the world bank and its affiliates, but a substantial proportion of these loans are still to be disbursed. Figures compiled by the OECD and the bank for international settlements show borrowings from western commercial banks of approximately US$2 billion, but also show that the bulk of China’s foreign obligations consist of non-bank trade related credits which exceed US $4 billion.While there are limited lending opportunities in the short-term, there appears considerable scope for foreign banks to undertake profitable business over the longer term. The need to develop business relationships with Chinese enterprises and government officials have persuaded a large number of foreign banks to open representative offices in Beijing or other parts of China.From China now spring 1985 no. 112。

外刊经贸知识选读Lesson 1PPT课件

issues. 他已经不再坚持自己在一系列问题上的立场。
10
8. surplus n.盈余，顺差 in surplus 顺差 deficit n.赤字，逆差 in deficit 逆差
e.g. The U.S. balanced of payments deficit went up last year. 美国的收支逆差去年又有上升。
明日公共汽车将因大桥停止通行而受影响。
5
in the wake of sth/sb.:coming after or following 随之后而来，跟随在之后
e.g. A group of reporters followed in her wake.
一群记者跟随在她身后 accord v. 给予，授予
Lesson1 China ’ Foreign Trade
1.patten n. sb.or sth.serving as a model;样品 way in which sth.happens,develops. 方针，方式
e.g.A complete range of pattens was sent to you by express airmail yesterday.
12
10.destine v. 预定，指定
vt. 订立合同 vt. Make or become smaller. 收缩 e.g. Metals contract as they become cool. 金属冷则收缩。 4.shift from towards/to 从向转移 e.g. There has been a shift of emphasis from manufacturing to service industries. 重点已从制造业向服务业转移。

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答案来源：课文中的专业术语和重点词组得分要求：6分—8分
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进取、坚韧、开放、影响进取、坚韧、开放、影响
考试试题分析（三）
一. 将汉语词组翻译成英文（共10题，每小题1分，共10分） eg. 优先权（2015年10月）答案：preferred status 课文例句：……the preferred status we granted to United States……

答案来源：课后单词表中的重点单词得分要求：26分—30分
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进取、坚韧、开放、影响进取、坚韧、开放、影响
考试试题分析（二）
一. 英语单词或词组翻译成中文（共10题，每小题1分，共10分） eg. real estate （2016年4月）答案：房地产，不动产解析：文中例句：The opening of securities and real-estate markets have created new opportunities.
考试试题分析（一）
一.单项选择题（共15题，每小题2分，共30分）（从A、B、C、D四个选项中挑选出一个选项替换划线单词） The Asia-Pacific region, which was one at the new areas enjoying dynamic economic development at that time, aroused U.S. interest. （2016年4月） A static B active C flexible D strident 解析：dynamic 是单词表中的单词，意思是有活力的，static 静止的，稳定的， active 活跃的，有活力的 flexible 灵活的 strident 刺耳的，尖锐的 active的意思最贴切，所以答案为B
进取、坚韧、开放、影响进取、坚韧、开放、影响
教材分析
教材内容特点一：
知识点繁杂且分散正文部分包括15章节，共457页。每个章节包含一篇经贸外刊课文，若干条注释，一篇练习阅读与若干补充阅读材料。
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进取、坚韧、开放、影响进取、坚韧、开放、影响
教材分析
答案来源：课文中的专业术语和重点词组得分要求：6分—8分
请先下载通关宝典【个人中心资料区里下载】
进取、坚韧、开放、影响进取、坚韧、开放、影响
考试试题分析（四）
一. 阅读题Passage 1（简答题，共3题，每小题3分，共9分）
Hong Kong consumers enjoy a variety of shell eggs, including fresh hen and duck eggs, dyed eggs for special occasions, egg cooked in salt or tea leaves, pigeon eggs and preserved duck eggs. Fresh hen eggs, however, are the most popular item. （2016年4月真题）例题：Of all the egg products, what is the most popular with Hong Kong consumers? 答案：fresh hen eggs
课程介绍
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进取、坚韧、开放、影响进取、坚韧、开放、影响
课程安排
课程名称
外刊经贸知识选读串讲教材内容分析
导论
考试试题分析课程讲解导图重点单词及真题讲解
分章节串讲
重点高频专业术语及词组讲解长难句讲解分析
真题演练
2016年4月真题讲解
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总体考情分析
一套完整的考题单选题词组短语翻译汉语短语翻译（10分）阅读1 简答题（9分）阅读2 名词解释（9分）阅读题阅读3 判断对错（10分） 15小题（30分）
英文短语翻译（10分）
阅读4 判断对错（10分）
翻译题英译中（12分）
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题目分析：基础词汇，简单回答，原文找答案。得分要求：9分
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考试试题分析（五）
一. 阅读题Passage 2（名词解释，共3题，每小题3分，共9分）
Aggregate statistics for 1991 were dominated by the sharp decline in output in Central and Eastern Europe and by the severely adverse effects of the Gulf crisis on the economies of Middle Eastern countries. ……（2016年4月真题）例题： 1. What does the underlined word “aggregate” mean? 2. What is the mean of the underlined word “adverse”? 答案： 1. total 2. bad or worse
芝士学院自考英语专业
《外刊经贸知识选读》
课程性质：录播课授课老师：郝丽君授课时长：7h
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课程代码：00096
课程性质：自考英语本科必修课
考试形式：闭卷考试时间：2.5小时教材版本：中国人民大学，主编：史天陆
教材内容特点二：
重点专业术语和词组分布繁杂本书涵盖的主题分别有中国外贸和利用外国直接投资的演进、现状和政策，世界各地近年的经贸概况，自由贸易市场的变化和竞争。选文的文体包括：新闻述评，报道和经贸分析报告等。
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