lecture11_01无主句

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– 不是因为不存在问题，而是因为看不见问题。 It is not because the problem is not there; it is just not visible. – 子曰；“学而时习之，不亦悦乎？有朋自远方来，不亦 乐乎？” Confucius said: “ Is it not a pleasure after all to practice in due time what one has learnt? Is it not a delight after all to have friends coming from afar?”
四、采用 “There be”结构译出
– 没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难，也无所谓 顺利。
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Without facility, there would be no difficulty, without difficulty, there would also be no facility.
– 好多年以前，这个村子里住着六个盲人。
• 翻译下列段落： 众所周知，工作能力和工作成效并非总 是一致的。能力很强的人，因为懒惰或对 工作缺乏兴趣，有时会失败；而才能平庸 的人，由于他们的勤奋以及对事业的献身 精神，却常常获得卓越的成绩。因此很明 显，检验任何工作人员的决定性的标准是 他的工作成效。
Biblioteka Baidu
• It is common knowledge that ability to do a particular job and performance on the job do not always go hand in hand. Persons with great potential abilities sometimes fail in their job because of laziness or lack of interest in the job. On the other hand, persons with mediocre talents have often achieved excellent results through their industry and devotion to their cause. It is clear, therefore, that the final test of any member of a working staff is the performance on the job.
形合与意合
• What was the Louvre in Paris like ? It was so interesting that I went several times.
译１．巴黎的罗浮宫是个什么样子？它是如此有趣 以至我去参观了两次． 译２．巴黎的罗浮宫是个什么样子？它很有趣，我 去参观了两次．
– 不能不佩服他多年来埋头苦干的精神。
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One cannot help but admire the way he has kept his nose to the grindstone for all these years.
– 想吃什么，只管告诉我。
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Whatever you like to eat, just tell me. – 基本路线要管一百年，动摇不得。 • We should adhere to the basic line for a hundred years, with no vacillation.(FLP,358) • The basic line should be adhered to for 100 years, and there must be no vacillation. (BR,9)
– 要成功，就要付出劳动。
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It will cost you much labor to succeed in anything.
六、添适当的代词或名词充当主语
– 只准州官放火，不准百姓点灯。
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One man may steal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge.
七、将非主语成分转为主语
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由于英语被接受为联合国的官方语言之一， 这就使英语在国际外交场合使用得更为广泛。 The use of English in international diplomacy is strengthened by its acceptance as one of the official languages of the United Nations.
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山里住着个虔诚的老和尚。
就在他们的试管中，放着世界上最早的部分纯化的镭 的样品。
In the mountain lived an old devout monk.
Here in the bottom of their test tube lay the world’s first partially purified sample of radium.
– 弄不好，就会前功尽弃。
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If things are not properly handled, our labor will be totally lost.
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不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
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If one does not enter a tiger’s den, how can he get the tiger’s cub.
五、补上语义虚泛或具体的词语充当主语
– • 要解决问题，还必须做系统、周密的调查工作和研究工 作。 In order to solve the problem it is necessary to make a systematic and thorough investigation and study.
二、采用英语的被动结构译出
• • • • • • • • • • 墙上挂了一些画。 Some pictures were hung on the wall. 利用发电机，可以将机械能转变成电能。 The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator. 这儿将修建更多的居民大楼。 More apartment houses will be built here. 为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢？ Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed on to me? 给了他两天时间来作必要的准备。 He was allowed two days to make the necessary preparations.
一、汉语祈使句译成英语祈使句
• 量体裁衣，看菜吃饭。 • Fit the dress to the figure and fit the appetite to the dishes.
– 宁为鸡首，不为牛后。
• Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse. • 一有问题就去解决，不要等问题成堆了才去作一次 总解决。 • Whenever a problem crops up, tackle it right away; don’t let problems pile up and then try to settle them all at one go.
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认识落后，才能去改变落后；学习先进，才 有可能赶超先进。 Backwardness must be perceived before it can be changed. A person must learn from the advanced before he can catch up and surpass them.
– 知己知彼，百战不殆。
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If you know your enemy and yourself, you can fight a hundred battles without peril. Knowledge of the enemy and oneself enables one to fight a hundred battles without defeat.
三、采用倒装语序译出
– 地下埋藏着大量的金、银、铜、铅和锌。
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Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper , lead and zinc.
– 随着一声吼叫，呼地从树林里窜出一只老虎来。
Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.
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对这一问题实际上还没有进行过科学实验。 Practically no scientific experiments have yet been made on this problem. 要什么装置使控制系统简化？ What kind of device is needed to make the control system simple?
• 远看山有色， 近听水无声， 春去花还在， 人来鸟不惊． When you look afar, the mountains are green and clear, But no sound of stream is heard when listening near. The flowers remain in full bloom when spring’s away, And a human being’s approaching but the bird doesn’t fly.
– 要发展就要变，不变就不会发展。
Development means change; without change, there can be no development.
– 楼下有人想和你说话。
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There is a man downstairs who wants to speak to you.
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所谓形合与意合，主要指句与句之间起 连接作用的成分是保留还是省略的一个句 法问题． • 汉语重意合，造句时往往倾向于省略句 与句之间起作用的连接成分． • 英语重形合，造句时往往倾向于保留句 与句之间起作用的连接成分．
• 早知今日，何必当初？ If I had know it would come to this, I would have acted differently. • 他老是见异思迁． He is always changing his mind when he sees something new. • 他背井离乡十载，从未回去过． He has never been back to his birthplace since he left it ten years ago. • 他说得太快，我们不能理解他的意思． He spoke so fast that we could nit understand him.
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A long, long time ago, there lived six blind men in this village.
– 剩下的时间不多了。
There is very little time left.
– 无水则无鱼。
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Without water there would be no fish.
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没有爱心就无法了解人生。 Life cannot be understood without much charity. 没有安定的政治环境，干什么都不成。 Nothing can be accomplished without a stable political environment.