2018年6月大学英语六级真题与参考答案系列全3套

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2018年6月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案

Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of building trust between teachers and students. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.【参考范文】It is universally acknowledged that trust is one of the most valuable assets for interpersonal communication. However, it is not uncommon to have misunderstanding and generation gap between teachers and students. with the current trend of communication becoming necessary and indispensable in this ever-changing modern society, building trust is of great significance.In order to set up the credibility between teachers and students, on the one hand, as teachers, weshould sincerely deal with the students’ problems and difficulties, comprehending their necessities.On the other hand, as students, it is necessary that more understanding and respect should begiven. Becoming good friends to have the trans-positional consideration each other canbuilda harmonious atmosphere.Only in this way, would the relationship of trust between teachers and students be established effectively. When students encounter the difficulties and problems, they would be willing to turn to their respected teachers, whereby the education development in our country could have a further step.PartⅡ Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)暂缺选项PartⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.When Elon Musk says that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic robots, we should look forward to the day in admiration.Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two tech companies, Tesla Motors and SpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and 26 humans to live on other planets. This sounds like so much hot air, but the near $13 billion fortune this entrepreneur has 27 comes from practical achievements rather than hypothetical ones.A lot of clever people are 28 about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will one day become so 29 that they’ll murder all of us. These fears are mostly 30 : as with hysteria about genetic modification, we humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems with speed and care.And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could, 31 , be like having a babysitter and a nurse rolled intoone--or, if that required 32 intelligence beyond the power of Mr. Musk’s imagined machine, at least someone to chop the carrots, wash the car and mow the lawn. Once purchased and trained, thiswould allow the 33 user to save money and time, freeing up 34 space in our busy lives to read a good book.That is why we welcome Mr. Musk’s latest 35 , and wish him well. As long as robots add to the sum of human happiness, reduce suffering, and create time to read world-class journalism, we should be their fans. Especially since journalism is one job robots will never do.A)amassedB)casualC)emotionalD)enablingE)eventuallyF)exaggeratedG)extravagantH)generouslyI)misleadingJ)preciousK)rewardL)smartM)sphereN)terrifiedO)venture【参考答案】26. D. enabling27. A. amassed28. N.terrified29. L. smart30. F. exaggerated31. E. eventually32. C. emotional33. B. casual34. J. precious35. O. ventureSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.In the real world, nobody cares that you went to an Ivy League schoolA) As a high school junior, everything in my life revolved around getting into the right college. I diligently attended my SAT, ACT, and Advanced Placement test preparation courses. I juggled （尽力应付）cross-country and track schedules, newspaper staff, and my church’s youth group and drama team. I didn’t drink, party, or even do much dating. The right college, I thought, was one with prestige,one with a name. It didn’t have to be the Ivy League, but it needed to be “top school.”B) Looking back now, nine year s later, I can’t remember exactly what it was about these universities that made them seem so much better. Was it a curriculum that appeared more rigorous, perhaps? Or an alumni network that I hoped would open doors down the line? Maybe. “I do think there are advantages to schools with more recognition,” notes Marybeth Gasman, a professor of higher education at the University of Pennsylvania. “I don’t necessarily think that’s a reason to go to one.”C) In reflection, my firm belief in the power of the brand was naive, not to mention a bit snobby. I quickly passed over state schools and southern schools, believing their curriculums to be automatically inferior to northeastern or western counterparts. Instead, I dreamed of living in New York City and my parents obliged me with a visit to New York University’s (NYU) campus. During the tour, tuition fees were discussed. (NYU is consistently ranked one of the country’s most expensive schools, with room and board costs totaling upwards of $64,000 a year.) Up until then, I hadn’t truly realized just how expensive an education can be. Over the next few months, I realized not only could I not afford my dream school, I couldn’t evenafford the ones where I’d been accepted. City University of New York (CUNY), Rutgers University, and Indiana University were out of reach as were Mississippi State and the University of Alabama, where I would have to pay out-of-state fees. Further complicating my college search was a flourishing stack career—I wanted to keep running but my ti mes weren’t quite fast enough to secure a scholarship.D) And so, at 11pm on the night of Georgia State University’s (GSU) midnight deadline, I applied online. Rated No.466 overall on Forbes’ Lists Top Colleges, No. 183 in Research Universities, and No. 108 in the South, I can’t say it was my top choice. Still, the track coach had offered me a walk-on spot, and I actually found the urban Atlanta campus a decent consolation prize after New York City.E) While it may have been practical, it wasn’t prestigious, But here’s the thing: I loved my “lower-tier” (低层次的) university. (I use the term “low-tier” cautiously, because GSU is a well-regarded research institution that attracts high quality professors and faculty from all over the country.) We are taught to believe that only by going to the best schools and getting the best grades can we escape the rat race and build a better future. But what if lower-tier colleges and universities were the ticket to escaping the rat race? After all, whereelse can you leave school with a decent degree—but without a lifetime of debt?F) My school didn’t come pre-packaged like the more popular options, so we were left to take care of ourselves, figuring out city life and trying to complete degree programs that no one was championi ng for us to succeed in. What I’m saying is, I loved my university because it taught us all to be resourceful and we could make what we wanted out of it.G) I was lucky enough to have my tuition covered by alottery-funded scholarship called HOPE (Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally). When I started college, the HOPE scholarship was funded by the state of Georgia and offered to graduating high school seniors with a GPA of 3.0 or higher. Living costs and books I paid for with money earned during high school, supplemented by a small college fund my deceased grandfather left for me and a modest savings account my parents created when I was born.H) So what about all that name recognition? Sure, many of my colleagues and competitors have more glamorous alma maters（母校）than I do. As a journalist, I have competed against NYU,Columbia, and Northeastern graduates for jobs. And yet, not a single interviewer has ever asked me about my educational background. In fact, almost every interview I’ve ever had was due to a connection—one that I’ve gained through pure determination, not a school brand.I) According to The Boston Globe, students who earned their bachelor’s in 2012 have an average monthly loan payment of $312, which is one-third more than those who graduated in 2004. Ultimately, that’s the thing universities don’t want to admit. Private universities are money-making institutions. If you can afford to buy prestige, that’s your choice. For the rest of us, however, our hearty lower-tiered universities are just fine, thank you.J) Wealthy universities talk up the benefits their name will give graduates; namely, strong alumni networks, star faculty, and arésumé boost. But you needn’t attend an Ivy League school to reap those rewards. Ludacris and the former CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis are alumni of my college, as well as VICE’s first female editor-in-chief, Ellis Jones. Successful people tend to be successful no matter where they go to school. And lower-tier schools can have alumni networks just as strong as their big name counterparts. In fact, lower-tier school alumni networks are arguably stronger,because fellow alumni recognize that you didn’t necessarily have an easy path to follow. They might be more willing to offer career help, because your less famous school denotes that, like them., you are also full of energy and perseverance.K) The Washington Post reported on a recent study by Princeton economists, in which college graduates, who applied to the most selective schools in the 12th grade were compared to those who applied to slightly less selective schools. They found that students with more potential earned more as adults, and the reverse held true as well, no matter where they went to school.L) Likewise, star faculty is not always found where you’d expect. Big name schools are not necessarily the best places for professors; plus, many professors split teaching time between multiple colleges and/or universities. This means, for instance, a CUNY student could reasonably expect to receive the same quality of instruction from a prestigious professor as they would if they were enrolled in the same class at NYU.M) It’s possible that some hiring managers may be drawn to candidates with a particular educational résumé, but it’s no guarantee. According to a 2012 survey described in The Atlantic,college reputation ranked lowest in relative importance of attributes in evaluating graduates for hire, beaten out by top factors like internships, employment during college, college major, volunteer experience, and extracurriculars.N) Maybe students who choose less prestigious universities are bound to succeed because they are determined to. I tend to think so. In any case, if I could do it again, I’d still make the same choice. Today I’m debt-free, resourceful—and I understand that even the shiniest packaging can’t predict what you’ll find on the inside.36. Modest institutions can also have successful graduates and strong alumni networks.37. The money the author made in high school helped pay for her living expenses and books at college.38. The author came to see how costly college education could be when she was trying to choose a university to attend.39. A recent study found that a graduate’s salary is determined by their potential, not the university they attended.40. The author cannot recall for sure what made certain top universities appear a lot better.41. None of the author’s job interviewers cared which college she went to.42. The author thinks she did the right thing in choosing a less prestigious university.43. In order to be admitted to a prestigious university, the author took part in various extracurricular activities and attended test preparation courses.44. The author liked her university which was not prestigious but less expensive.45. Colleges are reluctant to admit that graduates today are in heavier debt.【参考答案】46. [J] 题干：Modest institutions can also have successful graduates and strong alumni networks.47. [G] 题干：The money the author made in high school helped pay for her living expenses and books at college.48. [C] 题干：The author came to see how costly college education could be when she was trying to choose a university to attend.49. [K] 题干：A recent study found that a graduate’s salary is determined by their potential, not the university they attended.50. [B] 题干：The author cannot recall for sure what made certain top universities appear a lot better.51. [H] 题干：None of the author’s job interviewers cared which college she went to.52. [N] 题干：The author thinks she did the right thing in choosing a less prestigious university.53. [A] 题干：In order to be admitted to a prestigious university, the author took part in various extracurricular activities and attended test preparation courses.54. [E] 题干：The author liked her university which was not prestigious but less expensive.55. [I] 题干：Colleges are reluctant to admit that graduates today are in heavier debt.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) , C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, andcompensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economicwell-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The Frenchtake longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of theearly-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-lifechanges could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.46. What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?A) It is based on questionable statistics.B) It reflects the economic changes.C) It evidences the improved welfare.D) It provides much food for thought.47. What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?A) It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.B) It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people’s livelihood.C) It focuses on people’s consumption rather that their average income.D) It is a more comprehensive measure of people’s economicwell-being.48. What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U.S. in terms of real consumption per person?A) It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.B) It neglected many important indicators of people’s welfare.C) It covered up the differences between individual citizens.D) It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.49. What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?A）It can accurately pinpoint a country’s current economic problems.B) It can help to raise people’s awareness of their economicwell-being.C) It can diagno se the causes of a country’s slowing pace of economic improvement.D) It can compare a country’s economic conditions between different periods of time.50. What can we infer from the passage about American people’s economic well-being?A) It is much better than that of their European counterparts.B) It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.C) It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.D) It has not been accurately assessed and reported sincemid-2000s.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.暂缺。

六级英语真题2018年6月(第三套)试卷及答案详解

That is why we welcome Mr. Musk's latest 35 , and wish him well. As long as robots addto the sum of human happiness, reduce suffering, and create time to read world-class journalism, we should be their fans. Especially since journalism is one job robots will never do.
—1—
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains 叫ormation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from咖ch the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. In the real world, nobody cares that you went to an Ivy League school
And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could, 31 , be likehaving a babysitter and a nurse rolled into one—or, if that required 32 intelligence beyond thepower of Mr. Musk's imagined machine, at least someone to chop the carrots, wash the car andmow the lawn. Once purchased and trained, this would allow the 33 user to save money andtime, freeing up 34 space in our busy lives to read a good book.

2018 年 6 月英语六级考试真题(第三套)(含答案)(Word精校版)

2018 年6 月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版第3 套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write an essay on theimportance ofbuilding trust between businesses and consumers. You can citeexamples to illustrate yourviews. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)说明：由于2018 年6 月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前2 套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage withten blanks. You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making yourchoices. Each choice in the bank is identifiedby a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.When Elon Musk says that his new priority is using artificial intelligence tobuild domesticrobots, we should look forward to the day in admiration.Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two tech companies,Tesla Motors andSpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and ___26___ humans to live on otherplanets. This sounds like so much hot air, butthe near $13 billion fortune this entrepreneurhas ___27___ comes from practical achievements rather than hypothetical ones.A lot of clever people are ___28___ about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will oneday become so ___29___ that they'll murder all of us. Thesefears are mostly ___30___: aswith hysteria about genetic modification, we humans are generally wise enough tomanage these problems with speed and care.And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could,___31___, belike having a babysitter and a nurse rolled into one—or, if that required ___32___intelligence beyond the power of Mr. Musk's imagined machine, at least someone to chopthe carrots, wash the car and mow the lawn.Once purchased and trained, this would allowthe ___33___ user to save money and time, freeing up ___34___ space in our busy lives toread a good book.That is why we welcome Mr. Musk's latest ___35___, and wish him well. As long as robotsadd to the sum of human happiness, reduce suffering, and createtime to read world-classjournalism, we should be their fans. Especially since journalism is one job robots will neverdo.A) amassed B) casual C) emotional D enabling E) eventually F) exaggerated G)extravagant H) generously I) misleading J) precious K) reward L) smart M) sphere N)terrified O) ventureSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached toit. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more thanonce. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.In the real world, nobody cares that you went to an Ivy League schoolA) As a high school junior, everything in my life revolved around getting into the right college.I diligently attended my SAT, ACT, and Advanced Placementtest preparation courses. Ijuggled (尽力应付) cross-country and track schedules, newspaper staff, and my church's youthgroup and drama team. I didn't drink, party, or even do much dating. The right college, Ithought, was one with prestige, one with a name. It didn't haveto be the Ivy League, but itneeded to be a "top school."B) Looking back now, nine years later, I can't remember exactly what it was about theseuniversities that made them seem so much better. Was it a curriculum that appeared morerigorous, perhaps? Or an alumni network that I hoped would open doors down the line?Maybe."I do think there are advantages to schools with more recognition," notes M arybethGasman, a professor of higher education at the University of Pennsylvania. "I don'tnecessarily think that's a reason to go to one."C) In reflection, my firm belief in the power of the brand was naive, not tomention a bitsnobby. I quickly passed over state schools and southern schools, believing their curriculumsto be automatically inferior to northeastern orwestern counterparts. Instead, I dreamed ofliving in New York City and my parents obliged me with a visit to New York University's (NYU)campus. Duringthe tour, tuition fees were discussed.(NYU is consistently ranked one of thecountry's most expensive schools, with room and board costs totaling upwards of $ 64,000 ayear.) Up until then, Ihadn't truly realized just how expensive an education can be. Over thenext few months, I realized not only could I not afford my dream school, I couldn't evenafford the ones where I'd been accepted. City University of New York (CUNY), RutgersUniversity, and Indiana University were out of reach as were Mississippi State and theUniversity of Alabama, where I would have to pay out-ofstate fees. Further complicating mycollege search was a flourishing track career—I wanted to keep running but my timesweren't quite fast enough to secure a scholarship.D) And so, at 11 pm on the night of Georgia State University's (GSU) midnight deadline, Iapplied online. Rated No.466 overall on Forbes' Lists Top Colleges, No.183 in ResearchUniversities, and No.108 in the South, I can't say it was my top choice. Still, the trackcoach had offered me a walk-on spot, and I actually found the urban Atlanta campus ad ecent consolation prize after New York City.E) While it may have been practical, it wasn't prestigious. But here's the thi ng: I loved my"lower-tier" (低层次的) university.(I use the term "low-tier" cautiously, because GSU is a well-regarded researc h institution that attracts high quality professors and faculty from all overth e country.) We are taught to believe that only by going to the best schools an d getting thebest grades can we escape the rat race and build a better future . But what if lower-tiercolleges and universities were the ticket to escaping th e rat race? After all, where else canyou leave school with a decent degree—b ut without a lifetime of debt?F) My school didn't come prepackaged like the more popular options, so we were left to takecare of ourselves, figuring out city life and trying to complete degree programs that no onewas championing for us to succeed in. What I'm saying is, I loved my university because ittaught us all to be resourceful and we could make what we wanted out of it.G) I was lucky enough to have my tuition covered by a lottery-funded schola rship calledHOPE (Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally). When I started c ollege, the HOPEscholarship was funded by the state of Georgia and offered t o graduating high school seniorswith a GPA of 3.0 or higher. Living costs and books I paid for with money earned during highschool, supplemented by a sm all college fund my deceased grandfather left for me and amodest savings ac count my parents created when I was born.H) So what about all that name recognition? Sure, many of my colleagues a nd competitorshave more glamorous alma maters (母校) than I do. As a journalist, I have competed againstNYU, Columbia, and No rtheastern graduates for jobs. And yet, not a single interviewer hasever asked me about my educational background. In fact, almost every interview I've e verhad was due to a connection—one that I've gained through pure determi nation, not a schoolbrand.I) According to The Boston Globe, students who earned their bachelor's in 2012 have anaverage monthly loan payment of $312, which is one-third more than those who graduatedin 2004. Ultimately, that's the thing universities do n't want to admit. Private universities aremoney-making institutions. If you ca n afford to buy prestige, that's your choice. For the restof us, however, our h earty lower-tiered universities are just fine, thank you.J) Wealthy universities talk up the benefits their name will give graduates: na mely, strongalumni networks, star faculty, and a résuméboost. But you nee dn't attend an Ivy Leagueschool to reap those rewards. Ludacris and the for mer CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis arealumni of my college, as well as VI CE's first female editor-in-chief, Ellis Jones. Successfulpeople tend to be successful no matter where they go to school, and lower-tier schools canhave alu mni networks just as strong as their big name counterparts. In fact, lower-tie r schoolalumni networks are arguably stronger, because fellow alumni recog nize that you didn'tnecessarily have an easy path to follow. They might be m ore willing to offer career help,because your less famous school denotes that , like them, you are also full of energy andperseverance.K) The Washington Post reported on a recent study by Princeton economists, i n which collegegraduates who applied to the most selective schools in the 12 th grade were compared tothose who applied to slightly less selective schoo ls. They found that students with morepotential earned more as adults, and the reverse held true as well, no matter where theywent to school.L) Likewise, star faculty are not always found where you'd expect. Big name s chools are notnecessarily the best places for professors; plus, many professor s split teaching time betweenmultiple colleges and/or universities. This mea ns, for instance, a CUNY student couldreasonably expect to receive the same quality of instruction from a prestigious professoras they would if they were enrolled in the same class at NYU.M) It's possible that some hiring managers may be drawn to candidates with a particulareducational résumé, but it's no guarantee. According to a 2012 survey described in TheAtlantic, college reputation ranked lowest in relative importance of attributes in evaluatinggraduates for hire, beaten out by top fa ctors like internships, employment during college,college major, volunteer ex perience, and extracurriculars.N) Maybe students who choose less prestigious universities are bound to suc ceed becausethey are determined to. I tend to think so. In any case, if I co uld do it again, I'd still makethe same choice. Today I'm debt-free, resourcef ul—and I understand that even theshiniest packaging can't predict what you'll find on the inside.36. Modest institutions can also have successful graduates and strong alumni networks.37. The money the author made in high school helped pay for her living expe nses and booksat college.38. The author came to see how costly college education could be when she was trying tochoose a university to attend.39. A recent study found that a graduate's salary is determined by their pot ential, not theuniversity they attended.40. The author cannot recall for sure what made certain top universities app ear a lot better.41. None of the author's job interviewers cared which college she went to.42. The author thinks she did the right thing in choosing a less prestigious u niversity.43. In order to be admitted to a prestigious university, the author took partin variousextracurricular activities and attended test preparation courses. 44. The author liked her university which was not prestigious but less expensive.45. Colleges are reluctant to admit that graduates today are in heavier debt.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twentyyears ago?In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recentreport by theCensus Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015.Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on auseful, but flawed andincomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census's measure arethat:1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided healthinsurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured,income data exclude important determinants of economic wellbeing, such as the hours ofwork needed to earn that income.While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by CharlesJones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare.While by no means perfect, it is considerably morecomprehensive than average income,taking into account not only growth inconsumption per person but also changes in workingtime, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economicperformance both across countries and over time.The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we wantto compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.In 2005, as the authors observe: real consumption per person in France wasonly 60% ashigh as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off thanthe French on average. However, that comparisonomits other relevant factors: leisuretime, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retireearlier, so typically workfewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumablyreflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income andconsumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of thesedifferences, comparing France's consumption with the U.S.'s overstates the gap in economicwelfare.Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. Forexample, thiscalculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, butestimates Mexican well-being at 22%.The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy's performance over time.According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economicwelfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic we lfare in the U.S. has continued toimprove. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare ismulti-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in pri nciple other importantquality-of-life changes could be incorporated-for exa mple, decreases in total emissions ofpollutants and declines in crime rates.46. What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?A) It is based on questionable statistics.B) It reflects the economic changes.C) It evidences the improved-welfare.D) It provides much food for thought.47. What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?A) It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.B) It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people's livelihood.C) It focuses on people's consumption rather than their average income.D) It is a more comprehensive measure of people's economic well-being.48. What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U. S. interms of real consumption per person?A) It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.B) It neglected many important indicators of people's welfare.C) It covered up the differences between individual citizens.D) It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.49. What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?A) It can accurately pinpoint a country's current economic problems.B) It can help to raise people's awareness of their economic well-being.C) It can diagnose the causes of a country's slowing pace of economic impr ovement.D) It can compare a country's economic conditions between different periods of time.50) What can we infer from the passage about American people's economic well-being?A) It is much better than that of their European counterparts.B) It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.C) It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.D) It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s. Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you've ever started a sentence with,"If I were you..." or found yourself scratching yourhead at a colleague's agon y over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there's ascientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over thecourse of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone elseis an enjoyable task that doesn't suffer the same pitfalls. The problem is "decision fatigue," a psychological phenomenon that takes a toll on thequality of your choices after a long day of decision making, sa ys Evan Polman, a leadingpsychologist.Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely toprescribe antibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so. "Presumably it's because it'ssimple and easy to write a prescription and con sider a patient case closed rather thaninvestigate further," Polman says.But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for som eone else.When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their ow n choices as belonging tosomeone else, they feel less tired and rely less on d ecision shortcuts to make those choices."By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer theconsequences of decision fatigue," he says."It's as if there's something fun and liberatingabout making someone else's c hoice."Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought pr ocess; it oftenalso includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it c an be quite good, says Polman."When people experience decision fatigue-when they are tired of making ch oices—theyhave a tendency to choose to go with the status quo (现状)," he says."But the status quocan be problematic, since a change in the course of acti on can sometimes be important andlead to a positive outcome."In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is al most alwaysessential."People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do not hingover something," he says,"That's not to say that risk is always good, but it is related totaking action9w hereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin(懊恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfo rtunatelyhindered."Just because you can make good choices for others doesn't mean you'll do th e same foryourself, Polman cautions."Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries forothers than the y do for themselves," he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.51. What does the author say about people making decisions?A) They may become exhausted by making too many decisions for themselve s.B) They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselve s.C) They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.D) They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.52. What does the example about the physicians illustrate?A) Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day.B) Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients' health.C) Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions.D) Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision fatigue.53. When do people feel less decision fatigue?A) When they take decision shortcuts.B) When they help others to make decisions.C) When they have major decisions to make.D) When they have advisers to turn to.54. What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?A) They turn to physicians for advice.B) They tend to make risky decisions.C) They adopt a totally new perspective.D) They refrain from trying anything new.55. What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?A) It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.B) It is likely to entail serious consequences.C) It will enable people to be more creative.D) It will more often than not end in regret.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on AnswerSheet 2.自行车曾经是中国城乡最主要的交通工具，中国一度被称为“自行车王国”。

2018年6月英语六级考试真题试卷(完整版-第3套)

Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between businesses and consumers. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.When Elon Musk says that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic robots, we should look forward to the day in admiration.Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two tech companies, Tesla Motors and SpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and ___26___ humans to live on other planets. This sounds like so much hot air, but the near $13 billion fortune this entrepreneur has ___27___ comes from practical achievements rather than hypothetical ones.A lot of clever people are ___28___ about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will one day become so ___29___ that they'll murder all of us. These fears are mostly ___30___: as with hysteria about genetic modification, we humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems with speed and care.And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could, ___31___, be like having a babysitter and a nurse rolled into one—or, if that required ___32___ intelligence beyond the power of Mr. Musk's imagined machine, at least someone to chop the carrots, wash the car and mow the lawn. Once purchased and trained, this would allow the ___33___ user to save money and time, freeing up ___34___ space in our busy lives to read a good book.That is why we welcome Mr. Musk's latest ___35___, and wish him well. As long as robots add to the sum of human happiness, reduce suffering, and create time to read world-class journalism, we should be their fans. Especially since journalism is one job robots will never do.A) amassed B) casual C) emotional D enabling E) eventually F) exaggerated G) extravagant H) generously I) misleading J) precious K) reward L) smart M) sphere N) terrified O) ventureSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.In the real world, nobody cares that you went to an Ivy League schoolA) As a high school junior, everything in my life revolved around getting into the right college. I diligently attended my SAT, ACT, and Advanced Placement test preparation courses. I juggled (尽力应付) cross-country and track schedules, newspaper staff, and my church's youth group anddrama team. I didn't drink, party, or even do much dating. The right college, I thought, was one with prestige, one with a name. It didn't have to be the Ivy League, but it needed to be a "top school."B) Looking back now, nine years later, I can't remember exactly what it was about these universities that made them seem so much better. Was it a curriculum that appeared more rigorous, perhaps? Or an alumni network that I hoped would open doors down the line? Maybe. "I do think there are advantages to schools with more recognition," notes Marybeth Gasman, a professor of higher education at the University of Pennsylvania. "I don't necessarily think that's a reason to go to one."C) In reflection, my firm belief in the power of the brand was naive, not to mention a bit snobby. I quickly passed over state schools and southern schools, believing their curriculums to be automatically inferior to northeastern or western counterparts. Instead, I dreamed of living in New York City and my parents obliged me with a visit to New York University's (NYU) campus. During the tour, tuition fees were discussed. (NYU is consistently ranked one of the country's most expensive schools, with room and board costs totaling upwards of $ 64,000 a year.) Up until then, I hadn't truly realized just how expensive an education can be. Over the next few months, I realized not only could I not afford my dream school, I couldn't even afford the ones where I'd been accepted. City University of New York (CUNY), Rutgers University, and Indiana University were out of reach as were Mississippi State and the University of Alabama, where I would have to pay out-of-state fees. Further complicating my college search was a flourishing track career—I wanted to keep running but my times weren't quite fast enough to secure a scholarship.D) And so, at 11 pm on the night of Georgia State University's (GSU) midnight deadline, I applied online. Rated No. 466 overall on Forbes' Lists Top Colleges, No. 183 in Research Universities, and No. 108 in the South, I can't say it was my top choice. Still, the track coach had offered me a walk-on spot, and I actually found the urban Atlanta campus a decent consolation prize after New York City.E) While it may have been practical, it wasn't prestigious. But here's the thing: I loved my "lower-tier" (低层次的) university. (I use the term "low-tier" cautiously, because GSU is a well-regarded research institution that attracts high quality professors and faculty from all over the country.) We are taught to believe that only by going to the best schools and getting the best grades can we escape the rat race and build a better future. But what if lower-tier colleges and universities were the ticket to escaping the rat race? After all, where else can you leave school with a decent degree—but without a lifetime of debt?F) My school didn't come prepackaged like the more popular options, so we were left to take care of ourselves, figuring out city life and trying to complete degree programs that no one was championing for us to succeed in. What I'm saying is, I loved my university because it taught us all to be resourceful and we could make what we wanted out of it.G) I was lucky enough to have my tuition covered by a lottery-funded scholarship called HOPE (Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally). When I started college, the HOPE scholarship was funded by the state of Georgia and offered to graduating high school seniors with a GPA of 3.0 or higher. Living costs and books I paid for with money earned during high school, supplemented by a small college fund my deceased grandfather left for me and a modest savings account my parents created when I was born.H) So what about all that name recognition? Sure, many of my colleagues and competitors havemore glamorous alma maters (母校) than I do. As a journalist, I have competed against NYU, Columbia, and Northeastern graduates for jobs. And yet, not a single interviewer has ever asked me about my educational background. In fact, almost every interview I've ever had was due to a connection—one that I've gained through pure determination, not a school brand.I) According to The Boston Globe, students who earned their bachelor's in 2012 have an average monthly loan payment of $312, which is one-third more than those who graduated in 2004. Ultimately, that's the thing universities don't want to admit. Private universities are money-making institutions. If you can afford to buy prestige, that's your choice. For the rest of us, however, our hearty lower-tiered universities are just fine, thank you.J) Wealthy universities talk up the benefits their name will give graduates: namely, strong alumni networks, star faculty, and a résumé boost. But you needn't attend an Ivy League school to reap those rewards. Ludacris and the former CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis are alumni of my college, as well as VICE's first female editor-in-chief, Ellis Jones. Successful people tend to be successful no matter where they go to school, and lower-tier schools can have alumni networks just as strong as their big name counterparts. In fact, lower-tier school alumni networks are arguably stronger, because fellow alumni recognize that you didn't necessarily have an easy path to follow. They might be more willing to offer career help, because your less famous school denotes that, like them, you are also full of energy and perseverance.K) The Washington Post reported on a recent study by Princeton economists, in which college graduates who applied to the most selective schools in the 12th grade were compared to those who applied to slightly less selective schools. They found that students with more potential earned more as adults, and the reverse held true as well, no matter where they went to school. L) Likewise, star faculty are not always found where you'd expect. Big name schools are not necessarily the best places for professors; plus, many professors split teaching time between multiple colleges and/or universities. This means, for instance, a CUNY student could reasonably expect to receive the same quality of instruction from a prestigious professor as they would if they were enrolled in the same class at NYU.M) It's possible that some hiring managers may be drawn to candidates with a particular educational résumé, but it's no guarantee. According to a 2012 survey described in The Atlantic, college reputation ranked lowest in relative importance of attributes in evaluating graduates for hire, beaten out by top factors like internships, employment during college, college major, volunteer experience, and extracurriculars.N) Maybe students who choose less prestigious universities are bound to succeed because they are determined to. I tend to think so. In any case, if I could do it again, I'd still make the same choice. Today I'm debt-free, resourceful—and I understand that even the shiniest packaging can't predict what you'll find on the inside.36. Modest institutions can also have successful graduates and strong alumni networks.37. The money the author made in high school helped pay for her living expenses and books at college.38. The author came to see how costly college education could be when she was trying to choosea university to attend.39. A recent study found that a graduate's salary is determined by their potential, not the university they attended.40. The author cannot recall for sure what made certain top universities appear a lot better.41. None of the author's job interviewers cared which college she went to.42. The author thinks she did the right thing in choosing a less prestigious university.43. In order to be admitted to a prestigious university, the author took part in various extracurricular activities and attended test preparation courses.44. The author liked her university which was not prestigious but less expensive.45. Colleges are reluctant to admit that graduates today are in heavier debt.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census's measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.In 2005, as the authors observe: real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France's consumption with the U.S.'s overstates the gap in economic welfare.Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy's performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of anylarge country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated-for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.46. What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?A) It is based on questionable statistics.B) It reflects the economic changes.C) It evidences the improved-welfare.D) It provides much food for thought.47. What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?A) It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.B) It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people's livelihood.C) It focuses on people's consumption rather than their average income.D) It is a more comprehensive measure of people's economic well-being.48. What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U. S. in terms of real consumption per person?A) It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.B) It neglected many important indicators of people's welfare.C) It covered up the differences between individual citizens.D) It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.49. What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?A) It can accurately pinpoint a country's current economic problems.B) It can help to raise people's awareness of their economic well-being.C) It can diagnose the causes of a country's slowing pace of economic improvement.D) It can compare a country's economic conditions between different periods of time.50) What can we infer from the passage about American people's economic well-being?A) It is much better than that of their European counterparts.B) It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.C) It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.D) It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you've ever started a sentence with, "If I were you..." or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague's agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there's a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn't suffer the same pitfalls.The problem is "decision fatigue," a psychological phenomenon that takes a toll on the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making, says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist. Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribeantibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so. "Presumably it's because it's simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further," Polman says.But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices. "By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue," he says. "It's as if there's something fun and liberating about making someone else's choice."Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process; it often also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good, says Polman. "When people experience decision fatigue-when they are tired of making choices—they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo (现状)," he says. "But the status quo can be problematic, since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome."In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. "People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something," he says, "That's not to say that risk is always good, but it is related to taking action9whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin (懊恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered."Just because you can make good choices for others doesn't mean you'll do the same for yourself, Polman cautions. "Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves," he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.51. What does the author say about people making decisions?A) They may become exhausted by making too many decisions for themselves.B) They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.C) They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.D) They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.52. What does the example about the physicians illustrate?A) Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day.B) Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients' health.C) Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions.D) Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision fatigue.53. When do people feel less decision fatigue?A) When they take decision shortcuts.B) When they help others to make decisions.C) When they have major decisions to make.D) When they have advisers to turn to.54. What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?A) They turn to physicians for advice.B) They tend to make risky decisions.C) They adopt a totally new perspective.D) They refrain from trying anything new.55. What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?A) It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.B) It is likely to entail serious consequences.C) It will enable people to be more creative.D) It will more often than not end in regret.自行车曾经是中国城乡最主要的交通工具，中国一度被称为“自行车王国”。

2018年度6月英语六级真命题及答案解析(第三套)

2018年6月英语六级真题及答案（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between businesses and consumers. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Importance of Building Trust Between Businesses and Consumers Today, in the context of this era featured by increasing commercialization an d digitalization, mutually-trusted relations between businesses and consumers appear to be particularly important.As for me businesses should take a leading role in establishing the trust relationship: to be honest with their consumers. Firstly, if a business has a dishonest attitude toward its customers, the customers will lack purchasing confidence in its goods or services, which will bring huge economic loss to the business. What's worse, the adverse side effect of such dishonesty can endanger the business and it is impossible to recover. The collapse of Sanlu Milk Powder Company is a testament to this. Moreover, the incident of poisonous milk has exerted devastating consequences on the whole milk powder market. Be sides, because of the proliferation of counterfeit goods, more consumers lose confidence in domestic products, and then they have no alternative but to resort to foreign brands, which is one reason why cross-border online shopping is gaining more and more popularity in China.Therefore, it is high time for us to strengthen the importance of maintaining trust between businesses and consumers to promote the healthy development t of the whole social economy.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)说明：由于2018 年6 月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前2 套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

(完整word版)2018年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及答案(第三套),推荐文档

Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on the importance of writing ability and how to develop it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Since the 1940s, southern California has had a reputation for smog. Things are not as bad as they once were but, according to the American Lung Association, Los Angeles is still the worst city in the United States for levels of (26)_______ Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center, an art museum in the Santa Monica Mountains, one would find the view of the Pacific Ocean blurred by the haze (霾）.Nor is the state's bad air (27)_______ to its south. Fresno, in the central valley, comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution. Residents' hearts and lungs are affected as a (28)_______.All of which, combined with California 's reputation as the home of technological (29)_______ , makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution in (30)_______ And that is just what Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has been doing over the past few months. It has been trying out monitoring stations that are (31)_______ to yield minute-to-minute maps of (32)_______ air pollution. Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on what is happening inside buildings, including offices.To this end, Aclima has been (33)_______ with Google's Street View system. Davida Herzl, Aclima's boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco 's transit workers went onstrike and the city's (34)_______ were forced to use their cars. Conversely, “cycle to their job by (35)_______ pollution lows.Section BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their Homework[A ] Digital learning systems now charge students for access codes needed to complete coursework, takequizzes, and turn in homework. As universities go digital, students are complaining of a new hit to their finances that 's replacing一and sometimes joining—expensive textbooks: pricey online access codes that are required to complete coursework and submit assignments.[B]The codes—which typically range in price from $80 to $ 155 per course—give students online accessto systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings，when pushed to students through universities they partner with，represent the future of the industry.[C]But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos (观念)of the textbookbusiness, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible to avoid.[D]“When we talk about access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly (垄断），a newway to lock students around this system，” said Ethan Senack，the higher education advocate for the U. S. Public Interest Re search Group, to BuzzFeed News. “Rather than $250 ( for a print textbook) you，re paying $120，” said Senack. But because it，s all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out.[E]Sanna Harper, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she firststarted college in 2015—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework. She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their grades. But the code to access the program cost $ 120—a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $ 450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.[F]She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $150 - $200, to pay for thecode. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. “It's a balancing act,” she said.“ Can I really afford these access codes now?” She didn 't hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.[G ] The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, they'rethe future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. The company said that 45% of its $140 million revenue in 2015 “was derived from digital products”.[H]A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that “digital materials are less expensive and a goodinvestment” that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn't respond to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that “ in higher education, the era of the printed textbo ok is now over”.[I]The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students. “These digitalproducts aren 't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features,n David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. w It helps students understand in a way that you can 't do with print homework assignments. ”[J]David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn't require his students to buy access toa learning program that controls the class assignments. “I try to make things as inexpensive aspossible,” said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculum.“ The online systems may make my life a lot ea sier but I feel like I 'm giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students most. ”K] A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends $500 - $600 on access codes for class. In one case, the professor didn't require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. This year she said she spent $900 on access codes to books and programs. “That's two months of rent,” she said. “You can't sell any of it back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $30 - $50 and that helps to pay for your new semester's books.With an access code, you're out of that money. ''[L]Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that “ it 's ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our homework” • Many of the access codes he 's purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes. “Often it's only 10% of your grade in class，” he said. “You're paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade一but if you didn 't have it，it would affect your grade enough. It would be bad to start out at a B or C. n Wolverton said he spent $500 on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.[M] Harper, a poultry (家禽）science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about $20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought second-hand, were hermost expensive purchases: $120 and $85.[N ] She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices.“We don't really have a missed assignment policy，” she said. “If you miss it，you just miss it. I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments. I managed to pull everything back up. But as a scared freshman looking at their grades，it's not fun.”36.A student's yearly expenses on access codes may amount to their rent for two months.37.The online access codes may be seen as a way to tie the students to the digital system.38.If a student takes a course again, they may have to buy a new access code to submit their assignments.39.McGraw Hill accounts for over one-fifth of the market share of college textbooks.40.Many traditional textbook publishers are now offering online digital products, which they believe will be the future of the publishing business.41.One student complained that they now had to pay for access codes in addition to the high tuition.42.Digital materials can cost students less than half the price of traditional printed books according to a publisher.43.One student decided not to buy her access code until she received the pay for her part-time job.44.Online systems may deprive teachers of opportunities to make the best use of their expertise for their students.45.Digital access codes are criticized because they are profit-driven just like the textbook business. Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain itto someone else. While we teach，we learn，”said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who 're learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-bom siblings (兄弟姐妹）.This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “ teachable agent ” —a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的）figure called Betty's Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking.Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors 'learning. The agents 'questions compel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.Above all，it 's the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agents fail，but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else 's accomplishment.46. What are researchers rediscovering through their studies?A)Seneca's thinking is still applicable today.B)Better learners will become better teachers.C)Human intelligence tends to grow with age.D)Philosophical thinking improves instruction.47. What do we learn about Betty's Brain?A)It is a character in a popular animation.B)It is a teaching tool under development.C)It is a cutting-edge app in digital games.D)It is a tutor for computer science students.48. How does teaching others benefit student tutors?A)It makes them aware of what they are strong at.B)It motivates them to try novel ways of teaching.C)It helps them learn their academic subjects better.D)It enables them to better understand their teachers.49.What do students do to teach their teachable agents?A)They motivate them to think independently.B)They ask them to design their own questions.C)They encourage them to give prompt feedback.D)They use various ways to explain the materials.50.What is the key factor that eases student tutors' learning?A)Their sense of responsibility.B)Their emotional involvement.C)The learning strategy acquired.D)The teaching experience gained.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.A new batch of young women—members of the so-called Millennial (千禧的)generation has been entering the workforce for the past decade. At the starting line of their careers, they are better educated than their mothers and grandmothers had been—or than their young male counterparts are now. But when they look ahead，they see roadblocks to their success. They believe that women are paid less than men for doing the same j ob. They think it’s easier for men to get top executive jobs than it is for them. Andthey assume that if and when they have children, it will be even harder for them to advance in their careers.While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20 - 30 years ago, most believe more change is needed. Among Millennial women, 75% say this country needs to continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with 57% of Millennial men. Even so, relatively few young women (15%) say they have been discriminated against at work because of their gender.As Millennial women come of age they share many of the same views and values about work as their male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relatively little importance on high pay. At the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they’ re not interested in becoming a boss or top manager；only 24% of young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is even wider among working adults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that go with work and motherhood.These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2,002 adults, including 810 Millennial (ages 18 -32)，conducted Oct. 7 - 27, 2013. The survey finds that, in spite of the dramatic gains women have made in educational attainment and labor force participation in recent decades, young women view this as a man’s world—just as middle-aged and older women do.51.What do we learn from the first paragraph about Millennial women starting their careers?A)They can get ahead only by striving harder.B)They expect to succeed just like Millennial men.C)They are generally quite optimistic about their future.D)They are better educated than their male counterparts.52.How do most Millennial women feel about their treatment in the workplace?A)They are the target of discrimination.B)They find it satisfactory on the whole.C)They think it needs further improving.D)They find their complaints ignored.53.What do Millennial women value most when coming of age?A)A sense of accomplishment.B)Job stability and flexibility.C)Rewards and promotions.D)Joy derived from work.54.What are women in their 30s and 40s concerned about?A)The welfare of their children.B)The narrowing of the gender gap.C)The fulfillment of their dreams in life.D)The balance between work and family.55.What conclusion can be drawn about Millennial women from the 2013 survey?A)They still view this world as one dominated by males.B)They account for half the workforce in the job market.C)They see the world differently from older generations.D)They do better in work than their male counterparts.P art IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。

2018年6月大学英语六级CET6真题试卷及详细答案精品版(三套全)

2018年6月大学英语六级CET6真题试卷及详细答案精品版（三套全）目录2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷一详细答案 (1)2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷（一） (49)快速对答案 (64)2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷（二） (64)快速对答案 (79)2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷二详细答案 (80)2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷（三） (131)快速对答案 (141)2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷三详细答案 (141)2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷一详细答案Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions: For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between employers and employees.You can cite examples to illustrate your views.you should write at least150words but no more than200words.【解析】写作题考察了同学们的写作能力，要求在30分钟内完成，时间有限，因此在备战英语四级的时候，平时应积累一些模版，多背一些精彩的句子，在平时的练习中，应该在20分钟内完成一篇不少于150词的作文，下面给出以下几点建议：一，写作中，字体要工整，改卷老师在批改四级作文的时候，由于任务量大，再加上批改时视觉疲劳，不可能对每一篇作文都看得那么仔细，有时候就凭卷面的第一印象打分，因此字体美观大方能提高作文的分数；二，注意段落结构，写作时，应带有题目，一般分三段进行，第一段总体概述，引出正文，第二段详细阐述文档内容，要分条理进行，比如，firstly，secondly，等，正文一般4-6句话阐述完毕，第三段总结正文部分，回归主题。

2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷(三)含答案和解析

2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷（三）作文1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between teachers and students. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Importance of Building Trust Between Teachers and StudentsThere is no denying that trust is an indispensable part of pleasant relationship between teachers and students. A renowned saying goes that trust is a priceless treasure and plays an important role in maintaining social harmony. If a student distrusts his teacher, he is very likely to lose interest in the subject. Therefore, it is imperative to build trust between teachers and students.First of a ll, with mutual trust, students’ motivation to learn will be greatly enhanced. When students have faith in the teacher and what he or she imparts, they will put all their energies into study to acquire knowledge and pursue excellence. Undoubtedly, this will surely benefitstudents themselves. Second, teachers will be actively encouraged if students trust them, for students’ credibility will give them a sense of achievement in teaching career. Besides, teachers will care more about students’ studies and deve lopment, which is a win-win result for both of them.Tolstoy, a Russian writer, once said, \解析：这是一篇议论文写作。

20186月大学英语六级考试真题及答案及解析(共三套)

2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析(第一套)Part I Writi ng (30 min utes)Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend avocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】Whether to Atte nd a Vocatio nal College or a Uni versity?It ' s an undisputable truth that virtually all high school graduates will encoun ter the choices betwee n a vocati onal college and a uni versity. And whe n it comes to this question, students ' ideas are not cut from the same cloth. In point of which to choose and what to be taken into consideration,my advices are as follow.In the first place, we should be conscious of the fact that both of the two choices have its own superiorities. For instanee, a vocational college specializes in cultivating humanresources with practical capabilities; while a university servesas the cradle of academic researchers in different fields. Then it does follow thathigh school graduates should have a clear picture of themselves. That is to say, they should know their merits and demerits and their choices must give play to their stre ngths whilst circumve nt weak nesses. In additi on, in terest is the best teacher and it ' s also the premise of learning on one' s own initiative. Thus interest mustbe taken into account because it can not only decide how far one can reach academically and professi on ally but also how happy and fulfilled one will be.In brief, all above just goes to show that there really is no one-size-fits-all answer for the question. The key lies in a clear cognition, accurate self-positioning and the in terest of on eself. Only the n can every one find a right path that works best for us.Part II Liste ning Comprehe nsion (30 minu tes)Sectio n ADirections: In this secti on, you will hear two long con versatio ns. At the end of each con versati on, you will hear four questi ons. Both the con versati on and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresp onding letter on An swer Sheet 1 with a sin gle line through the cen tre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) He would feel in sulted. B) He would feel very sad.C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappo in ted.【答案】A【解析】题目问如果男士在二手书店中发现了自己写的书，那么男士会感觉怎样。

【7A版】2018年6月大学英语六级真题+答案解析-全三套

【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)PartⅠWriting (30minutes)Directions:Supposeyouareaskedtogiveadviceonwhethertoattendavocationalcollegeorauniversity,writeaness aytostateyouropinion.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200 words.PartⅡListeningComprehension (30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourqu estions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer Sheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Hewouldfeelinsulted. B)Hewouldfeelverysad.C)Hewouldbeembarrassed. D)Hewouldbedisappointed.2.A)Theyareworthyofaprize. B)Theyareoflittlevalue.C)Theymakegoodreading. D)Theyneedimprovement.3.A)Heseldomwritesabookstraightthrough.B)Hewritesseveralbookssimultaneously.C)Hedrawsonhisreal-lifeeGperiences.D)Heoftenturnstohiswifeforhelp.4.A)Writingabookisjustlikewatchingafootballmatch.B)Writersactuallyworkeverybitashardasfootballers.C)Helikeswatchingafootballmatchafterfinishingabook.D)Unlikeafootballmatch,thereisnoendtowritingabook.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Achievementsofblackmaleathletesincollege.B)Financialassistancetoblackathletesincollege.C)Highcollegedropoutratesamongblackathletes.D)Undergraduateenrollmentsofblackathletes.6.A)Theydisplaygreattalentineverykindofgame.B)Theyarebetteratsportsthanatacademicwork.C)Theyhavedifficultyfindingmoneytocompletetheirstudies.D)Theymakemoneyforthecollegebutoftenfailtoearnadegree.7.A)About15%. B)Around40%.C)Slightlyover50%. D)ApproGimately70%.8.A)Coacheslacktheincentivetograduatethem.B)Collegedegreesdonotcountmuchtothem.C)Theyhavelittleinterestinacademicwork.D)Schoolsdonotdeemitaseriousproblem.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestio ns.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Marketingstrategies. B)Holidayshopping.C)Shoppingmalls. D)Onlinestores.10.A)About50%ofholidayshoppers.B)About20-30%ofholidayshoppers.C)About136million.D)About183.8million.11.A)Theyhavefewercustomers.B)Theyfindithardtosurvive.C)Theyarethrivingoncemore.D)Theyappealtoelderlycustomers.12.A)Betterqualityofconsumergoods.B)Higheremploymentandwages.C)Greatervarietiesofcommodities.D)Peoplehavingmoreleisuretime.Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.13.A)Theyarenewspeciesofbiginsects.B)Theyareoverprescribedantibiotics.C)Theyarelife-threateningdiseases.D)Theyareantibiotic-resistantbacteria.14.A)Antibioticsarenowinshortsupply.B)Manyinfectionsarenolongercurable.C)LargeamountsoftaGmoneyarewasted.D)RoutineoperationshavebecomecompleG.15.A)Facilities.B)EGpertise.C)Money.D)Publicity.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Ther ecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),CJandD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Itisaccessibleonlytothetalented.B)Itimprovesstudents’abilitytothink.C)Itstartsalifelonglearningprocess.D)Itgivesbirthtomanyeminentscholars.17.A)Theyencourageacademicdemocracy.B)Theypromoteglobalization.C)Theyupholdthepresidents’authority.D)Theyprotectstudents’rights.18.A)Histhirstforknowledge. B)Hiseagernesstofindajob.C)Hiscontemptforauthority. D)Hispotentialforleadership.Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Fewpeopleknowhowtoretrieveinformationproperly.B)Peoplecanenhancetheirmemorywithafewtricks.C)Mostpeoplehavearatherpoorlong-termmemory.D)Peopletendtounderestimatetheirmentalpowers.20.A)Theypresentthestatesinasurprisinglydifferentorder.B)Theyincludemoreorlessthesamenumberofstates.C)TheyareeGactlythesameasisshownintheatlas.D)Theycontainnamesofthemostfamiliarstates.21.A)Focusingonwhatislikelytobetested.B)Havingagoodsleepthenightbefore.C)ReviewingyourlessonswheretheeGamistotakeplace.D)Makingsensibledecisionswhilechoosingyouranswers.22.A)Discoverwhenyoucanlearnbest.B)Changeyourtimeofstudydaily.B)Giveyourselfadoublebonusafterwards.D)FollowtheeGampleofamarathonrunner.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.23.A)Heisapolitician. B)Heisabusinessman.C)Heisasociologist. D)Heisaneconomist.24.A)Inslums.B)InAfrica.C)Inpre-industrialsocieties.D)Indevelopingcountries.25.A)Theyhavenoaccesstohealthcare,letaloneentertainmentorrecreation.B)Theirincomeislessthan50%ofthenationalaveragefamilyincome.C)TheyworkeGtrahourstohavetheirbasicneedsmet.D)Theirchildrencannotaffordtogotoprivateschools.PartIII ReadingComprehension (40minutes) SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfroma listofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Let ’sallstopjudgingpeoplewhotalktothemselves.Newresearchsaysthatthosewhocan ’tseemtokeeptheirinn ermonologues(独白)inareactuallymorelikelytostayontask,remain 26betterandshowimprovedperceptioncapabilities.Notbad,really,forsomeeGtramuttering.AccordingtoaseriesofeGperimentspublishedintheQuarterlyJournalofEGperimentalPsychologybyprof essorsGaryLupyanandDanielSwignley,theactofusingverbalcluesto 27mentalpictureshelpspeoplefunctionquicker. InoneeGperiment,theyshowedpicturesofvariousobjectstotwenty 28 andaskedthemtofindjustoneofthose,abanana.Halfwere 29 torepeatoutloudwhattheywerelookingforandtheotherhalfkepttheirlips 30 .Thosewhotalkedtothemselvesfoundthebananaslightlyfasterthanthosewhodidn ’t ，theresearcherssay.InothereGperiments,LupyanandSwignleyfoundthat31thenameofacommonproductwhenonthehuntforithelpedquickensomeone’space,buttalkingaboutuncommon itemsshowednoadvantageandslowedyoudown.Commonresearchhaslongheldthattalkingthemselvesthroughataskhelpschildrenlearn,althoughdoingsow henyou’ve 32 maturedisnotagreatsignof 33 .Thetwoprofessorshopetorefutethatidea, 34thatjustaswhenkidswalkthemselvesthroughaprocess,adultscanbenefitfromusinglanguagenotjusttocommunic ate,butalsotohelp“augmentthinking”.Ofcourse,youarestillencouragedtokeepthetalkingatlibrarytonesand,whateveryoudo,keeptheinformatio nyousharesimple,likeagrocerylist.Atany 35 ,there’sstillsuchathingastoomuchinf ormation.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet2.RichChildrenandPoorOnesAreRaisedVeryDifferently[A] ThelivesofchildrenfromrichandpoorAmericanfamilieslookmoredifferentthaneverbefore.[B] Well-offfamiliesareruledbycalendars,withchildrenenrolledinballet,soccerandafter-schoolprograms,accordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurvey.Thereareusuallytwoparents,whospendalotA) ApparentlyB) ArroganceC) BrillianceD) ClaimingE) DedicatedF) FocusedG) IncurH) Instructed I) Obscurely J) Sealed K) spectators L) Trigger M) Uttering N) Volume O) VolunteersoftimereadingtochildrenandworryingabouttheiranGietylevelsandhecticschedules.[C]Inpoorfamilies,meanwhile,childrentendtospendtheirtimeathomeorwitheGtendedfamily.Theyare morelikelytogrowupinneighborhoodsthattheir parentssayaren’tgreatforraisingchildren,andtheirparentswo rryaboutthemgettingshot,beatenuporintroublewiththelaw.[D]Theclassdifferencesinchildrearingaregrowing—asymptomofwideninginequalitywithfar-reachingconsequences.Differentupbringingssetchildrenondifferentpathsandcandeepensocioeconomicdi visions,especiallybecauseeducationisstronglylinkedtoearnings.Childrengrowuplearningtheskillstosucce edintheirsocioeconomicstratum(阶层),butnotnecessarilyothers.[E]“EarlychildhoodeGperiencescanbeveryconsequentialforchildren’s long-termsocial,emotional andcognitivedevelopment,”saidSeanReardon,professorofpovertyandinequalityineducationatStanfordUniver sity.“Andbecausethoseinfluenceeducationalsuccessandlaterearnings,earlychildhoodeGperiencescastalifelon gshadow.”Thecyclecontinues:Po orerparentshavelesstimeandfewerresourcestoinvestintheirchildren,whichca nleavechildrenlesspreparedforschoolandwork,whichleadstolowerearnings.[F]Americanparentswantsimilarthingsfortheirchildren,thePewreportandpastresearchhavefound:forthe mtobehealthyandhappy,honestandethical,caringandcompassionate.Thereisnobestparentingstyleorphilosophy ,researcherssay,andacrossincomegroups,92%ofparentssaytheyaredoingagoodjobatraisingtheirchildren.Yetth eyaredoingitquitedifferently.Middle-classandhigher-incomeparentsseetheirchildrenasprojectsinneedofcarefulcultivation,saysAnnetteLareau,whosegroundbreaki ngresearchonthetopicwaspublishedinherbookUnequalChildhoods:Class,RaceandFamilyLife.Theytrytodevel optheirskillsthroughclosesupervisionandorganizedactivities,andteachchildrentoquestionauthorityfiguresand navigateeliteinstitutions.[G]Working-classparents,meanwhile,believetheirchildrenwillnaturallythrive,andgivethemfargreaterindependenceandtim eforfreeplay.Theyaretaughttobecompliantandrespectfultoadults.Therearebenefitstobothapproaches.Working -classchildrenarehappier,moreindependent,complainlessandarecloserwithfamilymembers,reaufound. Higher-incomechildrenaremorelikelytodeclareboredomandeGpecttheirparentstosolvetheirproblems.Yetlateron,the moreaffluentchildrenendupincollegeandonthewaytothemiddleclass,whileworking-classchildrentendtostruggle.Childrenfromhigher-incomefamiliesarelikelytohavetheskillstonavigatebureaucraciesandsucceedinschoolsandworkplaces,r eausaid.[H]“Doallparentswantthemostsuccessfortheirchildren?Absolutely,”shesaid.“Dosomes trategiesgi vechildrenmoreadvantagesthanothersininstitutions?Probablytheydo.Willparentsbedamagingchildrenif theyhaveonefewerorganizedactivity?No,Ireallydoubtit.”[I]Socialscientistssaythedifferencesariseinpartbecauselow-incomeparentshavelessmoneytospendonmusicclassorpreschool,andlessfleGibleschedulestotakechildrentom useumsorattendschoolevents.EGtracurricularactivitiesreflectthedifferencesinchildrearinginthePewsurvey,w hichwasofanationallyrepresentativesampleof1,807parents.Offamiliesearningmorethan$75,000ayear,84%say theirchildrenhaveparticipatedinorganizedsportsoverthepastyear,64%havedonevolunteerworkand62%haveta kenlessonsinmusic,danceorart.Offamiliesearninglessthan$30,000,59%ofchildrenhavedonesports,37%havev olunteeredand41%havetakenartsclasses.[J]Especiallyinaffluentfamilies,childrenstartyoung.Nearlyhalfofhigh-earning,college-graduateparentsenrolledtheirchildreninartsclassesbeforetheywere5,comparedwithone-fifthoflow-income,less-educatedparents.Nonetheless,20%ofwell-offparentssaytheirchildren’sschedulesaretoohectic,c omparedwith8%ofpoorerparents.[K]AnothereGampleisreadingaloud,whichstudieshaveshowngiveschildrenbiggervocabulariesandbette rreadingcomprehensioninschool.71%ofparentswithacollegedegreesaytheydoiteveryday,comparedwith33% ofthosewithahighschooldiplomaorless.Whiteparentsaremorelikelythanotherstoreadtotheirchildrendaily,asar emarriedparents.Mostaffluentparentsenrolltheirchildreninpreschoolordaycare,whilelow-incomeparentsaremorelikelytodependonfamilymembers.Disciplinetechniquesvarybyeducationlevel:8%oft hosewithapostgraduatedegreesaytheyoftenbeattheirchildren,comparedwith22%ofthosewithahighschooldeg reeorless.[L]ThesurveyalsoprobedattitudesandanGieties.Interestingly,parents’attitudestowardeducationdonotsee mtoreflecttheirowneducationalbackgroundasmuchasabeliefintheimportanceofeducationforupwardmobility. MostAmericanparentssaytheyarenotconcernedabouttheirchildren’sgradesaslongastheyworkhard.But50%ofp oorparentssayitiseGtremelyimportanttothemthattheirchildrenearnacollegedegree,comparedwith39%ofwealt hierparents.[M]Less-educatedparents,andpoorerandblackandLatinoparentsaremorelikelytobelievethatthereisnosuchthingastoom uchinvolvementina child’s education.Parentswhoarewhite,wealthyorcollege-educatedsaytoomuchinvolvementcanbebad.ParentalanGietiesreflecttheircircumstances.High-earningparentsaremuchmorelikelytosaytheyliveinagoodneighborhoodforraisingchildren.Whilebullyingisp arents’greatestconcernoverall,nearlyhalfoflow-incomeparentsworrytheirchildwillgetshot,comparedwithone-fifthofhigh-incomeparents.TheyaremoreworriedabouttheirchildrenbeingdepressedoranGious.[N]InthePewsurvey,middle-classfamiliesearningbetween$30,000and$75,000ayearfellrightbetweenworking-classandhigh-earningparentsonissueslikethequalityoftheirneighborhoodforraisingchildren,participationineGtracurriculara ctivi tiesandinvolvementintheirchildren’seducation.[O]Childrenwerenotalwaysraisedsodifferently.Theachievementgapbetweenchildrenfromhigh-andlow-incomefamiliesis30-40%largeramongchildrenbornin20XXthanthoseborn25yearsearlier,accordingtoMr.Reardon’sresearch.Peopl eusedtolivenearpeopleofdifferentincomelevels;neighborhoodsarenowmoresegregatedbyincome.Morethana quarterofchildrenliveinsingle-parenthouseholds—ahistorichigh,accordingtoPew一andthesechildrenarethreetimesaslikelytoliveinpovertyasthosewholivewithmarriedparents.Meanwhile,growi ngincomeinequalityhascoincidedwiththeincreasingimportanceofacollegedegreeforearningamiddle-classwage.[P]Yettherearerecentsignsthatthegapcouldbestartingtoshrink.Inthepastdecade,evenasincomeinequalit yhasgrown,someofthesocioeconomicdifferencesinparenting,likereadingtochildrenandgoingtolibraries,have narrowed.[Q]Publicpoliciesaimedatyoungchildrenhavehelped,includingpublicpreschoolprogramsandreadinginit iatives.Addressingdifferencesintheearliestyears,itseems,couldreduceinequalityintheneGtgeneration.36.Working-classparentsteachtheirchildrentobeobedientandshowrespecttoadults.37.Americanparents,whetherrichorpoor,havesimilareGpectationsoftheirchildrendespitediffere ntwaysofparenting.38.Whilerichparentsaremoreconcernedwiththeirchildren’spsychologicalwell-being,poorparen tsaremoreworriedabouttheirchildren’s safety.39.Theincreasingdifferencesinchildrearingbetweenrichandpoorfamiliesreflectgrowingsocialinequali ty.40.Parentingapproachesofworking-classandaffluentfamiliesbothhaveadvantages.41.Higher-incomefamiliesandworking-classfamiliesnowtendtoliveindifferentneighborhoods.42.Physicalpunishmentisusedmuchlessbywell-educatedparents.reaudoesn’tbelieveparticipatinginfewerafter-classactivitieswillnegativelyaffectchildren’sdevelopment.44.Wealthyparentsareconcernedab outtheirchildren’smentalhealthandbusyschedules.45.Somesocioeconomicdifferencesinchildrearinghaveshrunkinthepasttenyears.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatemen ts.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre. PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Tennessee’stechnicalandcommunitycollegeswillnot outsource(外包)managementoftheirfacilitiestoaprivatecompany,adecisiononeleadersaidwasbolsteredbyananalysisofspendi ngateachcampus.InanemailsentMondaytocollegepresidentsintheTennesseeBoardofRegentssystem,outgoingChancellorJoh nMorgansaidaninternalanalysisshowedthateachcampus’spendin gonfacilitiesmanagementfellwellbelowtheind ustrystandardsidentifiedbythestate.Morgansaidthosefindings—whichincludeddatafromthesystem’s13communitycolleges,27technicalcollegesandsiGuniversities—werepartofthedecisionnottomoveforwardwithGovernorBillHaslam’sprop osaltoprivatizemanagementofstateb uildingsinanefforttosavemoney.“Whilethesenumbersarestillbeingvalidatedbythestate,wefeelanyadjustmentstheymightsuggestwillb eimmaterial,”Morganwrotetothepresidents.“Systeminstitutionsareoperatingveryefficientlybasedonthisana lysis,raisingthequestionofthevalueofpursuingabroadscaleoutsourcinginitiative.”Worker’sadvocateshavecriticizedHaslam’splan,sayingitwouldmeansomecampusworkerswouldlosetheirj obsorbenefits.Haslamhassaidcollegeswouldbefreetooptinoroutoftheoutsouringplan,whichhasnotbeenfinalized.MorgannotifiedtheHaslamadministrationofhisdecisiontooptoutinalettersentlastweek.Thatletter,whic hincludesseveralconcernsMorganhaswiththeplan,wasoriginallyobtainedbyTheCommercialAppealinMe mphis.Inanemailstatementfromthestate’sOfficeof CustomerFocusedGovernment,whichiseGaminingthepossibi lityofoutsourcing,spokeswomanMichelleR.MartinsaidofficialswerestillworkingtoanalyzethedatafromtheBoa rdofRegents.DataonmanagementeGpensesatthecollegesystemandinotherstatedepartmentswillbepartofa“busi nessju stification”thestatewilluseasofficialsdeliberatethespecificsofanoutsourcingplan.“Thestate’sfacilitiesmanagementprojectteamisstillintheprocessofdevelopingitsbusinessjustificationande GpectstohavethatcompletedandavailabletothepublicattheendofFebruary,”Martinsaid.“Atthistimethereisnothin gtotakeactiononsincetheanalysishasyettobecompleted.”Morgan’scommentsonoutsourcingmarkthesecondtimethismonththathehascomeoutagainstoneofHaslam ’splansforhighereducationinTennessee.MorgansaidlastweekthathewouldretireattheendofJan uarybecauseofth egovernor’sproposaltosplitoffsiGuniversitiesoftheBoardofRegentssystemandcreateseparategoverningboards foreachofthem.Inhisresignationletter,Morgancalledthereorganization“unworkable”.46.WhatdowelearnaboutthedecisionoftechnicalandcommunitycollegesinTennessee?A)Itisbackedbyacampusspendinganalysis.B)Ithasbeenflatlyrejectedbythegovernor.C)Ithasneglectedtheir faculty’s demands.D)Itwillimprovetheirfinancialsituation.47.Whatdoesthecampusspendinganalysisreveal?A)Privatecompaniesplayabigroleincampusmanagement.B)Facilitiesmanagementbycollegesismorecost-effective.C)Facilitiesmanagementhasgreatlyimprovedinrecentyears.D)CollegeseGercisefoilcontrolovertheirownfinancialaffairs.48.Workers’supportersarguethatBill Haslam’s proposalwould .A)deprivecollegesoftherighttomanagetheirfacilitiesB)makeworkerslessmotivatedinperformingdutiesC)renderanumberofcampusworkersjoblessD)leadtotheprivatizationofcampusfacilities49.Whatdowelearnfromthestatespokeswoman’sresponsetoJohnMorgan’s decision?A)Theoutsourcingplanisnotyetfinalized.B)Theoutsourcingplanwillbeimplemented.C)Thestateofficialsareconfidentabouttheoutsourcingplan.D)Thecollegespendinganalysisjustifiestheoutsourcingplan.50.WhydidJohnMorgandecidetoresign?A)HehadlostconfidenceintheTennesseestategovernment.B)Hedisagreedwiththegovernoronhighereducationpolicies.C)Hethoughtthe state’s outsourcingproposalwassimplyunworkable.D)Heopposedthegovernor’splantoreconstructthecollegeboardsystem.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.BeginninginthelatesiGteenthcentury,itbecamefashionableforyoungaristocratstovisitParis,Venice,Florence,andaboveall,Rome,as theculmination(终极)oftheirclassicaleducation.ThuswasborntheideaoftheGrandTour,apracticewhichintroducedEnglishmen,Germans,Scandinavians,andalsoAmericanstotheartandcultureofFranceandItalyfortheneGt300years.Travelwa sarduousandcostlythroughouttheperiod,possibleonlyforaprivilegedclass—thesamethatproducedgentlemenscientists,authors,antiqueeGperts,andpatronsofthearts.TheGrandTouristwastypicallyayoungmanwithathoroughgroundinginGreekandLatinliteratureaswellass omeleisuretime,somemeans,andsomeinterestinart.TheGermantravelerJohannWinckelmannpioneeredthefiel dofarthistorywithhiscomprehensivestudyofGreekandRomansculpture;hewasportrayedbyhisfriendAntonRap haelMengsatthebeginningofhislongresidenceinRome.MostGrandTourists,however,stayedforbrieferperiodsa ndsetoutwithlessscholarlyintentions,accompaniedbyateacherorguardian,andeGpectedtoreturnhomewithsouv enirsoftheirtravelsaswellasanunderstandingofartandarchitectureformedbyeGposuretogreatmasterpieces.LondonwasafrequentstartingpointforGrandTourists,andParisacompulsorydestination;manytraveledtot heNetherlands,sometoSwitzerlandandGermany,andaveryfewadventurerstoSpain,Greece,orTurkey.Theesse ntialplacetovisit,however,wasItaly.TheBritishtravelerCharlesThompsonspokeformanyGrandTouristswhenin1744hedescribedhimselfas“beingimpatientlydesirousofviewingacountr ysofamousinhistory,acountrywhichoncegavelawstotheworld,andwhichisatpresentthegreatestschoolofmusic andpainting,containsthenoblestproductionsofsculptureandarchitecture,andisfilledwithcabinetsofrarities,and collectionsofallkindsofhistoricalrelics”.WithinItaly,thegreatfocuswasRome,whoseancientruinsandmorerec entachievementswereshowntoeveryGrandTourist.Panini’sAncientRomeandModemRomerepresentthesight smostprized,includingcelebratedGreco-Romanstatuesandviewsoffamousruins,fountains,andchurches.SincetherewerefewmuseumsanywhereinEuro pebeforethecloseoftheeighteenthcentury,GrandTouristsoftensawpaintingsandsculpturesbygainingadmissio ntoprivatecollections,andmanywereeagertoacquireeGamplesofGreco-RomanandItalianartfortheirowncollections.InEngland,wherearchitecturewasincreasinglyseenasanaristocrat icpursuit,noblemenoftenappliedwhattheylearnedfromthevillasofPalladiointheVenetoand theevocative(唤起回忆的)ruinsofRometotheirowncountryhousesandgardens.51.WhatissaidabouttheGrandTour?A)Itwasfashionableamongyoungpeopleofthetime.B)Itwasunaffordableforordinarypeople.C)ItproducedsomefamousEuropeanartists.D)Itmadeacompulsorypartofcollegeeducation.52.WhatdidGrandTouristshaveincommon?A)Theyhadmuchgeographicknowledge.B)Theywerecourageousandventuresome.C)Theywereversedinliteratureandinterestedinart.D)Theyhadenoughtravelandoutdoor-lifeeGperience.53.HowdidGrandTouristsbenefitfromtheirtravel?A)Theyfoundinspirationinthe world’s greatestmasterpieces.B)Theygotabetterunderstandingofearlyhumancivilization.C)Theydevelopedaninterestintheoriginofmodemartforms.D)Theygainedsomeknowledgeofclassicalartandarchitecture.54.WhydidmanyGrandTouristsvisittheprivatecollections?A)Theycouldbuyuniquesouvenirstheretotakebackhome.B)Europehardlyhadanymuseumsbeforethe19thcentury.C)Theyfoundtheantiquestheremorevaluable.D)Privatecollectionswereofgreatervariety.55.HowdidtheGrandTourinfluencethearchitectureinEngland?A)ThereappearedmoreandmoreRoman-stylebuildings.B)ManyaristocratsbegantomoveintoRoman-stylevillas.C)Aristocrats，countryhousesallhadRoman-stylegardens.D)Italianarchitectswerehiredtodesignhousesandgardens.PartIV Translation (30minutes) Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldwriteyouransweron AnswerSheet2.唐朝始于618年，终于907年，是中国历史上最灿烂的时期。

2018年6月英语六级考试真题及答案(第3套)

2018年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版第3套)Part I Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write an essay on the importance ofbuilding trust between businesses and consumers. You can cite examples to illustrate yourviews. You should write at least 150 words but n o more than 200 words.______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ __________Part II Listening Comprehension (30minutes)说明：由于2018年6月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage withten blanks. You are require d to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the cor responding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through t he centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. When Elon Musk says that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic robots, we should look forward to the day in admiration. Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two tech companies, Tesla Motors andSpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and __ _26___ humans to live on otherplanets. This sounds like so much hot air, but the near $13 billion fortune this entrepreneur has ___27___ comes from practical achievements rather than hypothetical ones.A lot of clever people are ___28___ about artificial intelligence, fearing tha t robots will oneday become so ___29___ that they'll murder all of us. These fears are mostly ___30___: aswith hysteria about genetic modification, w e humans are generally wise enough tomanage these problems with speed an d care.And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could, ___31___, belike having a babysitter and a nurse rolled into one—or, if that r equired ___32___intelligence beyond the power of Mr. Musk's imagined ma chine, at least someone to chopthe carrots, wash the car and mow the lawn. Once purchased and trained, this would allowthe ___33___ user to save mon ey and time, freeing up ___34___ space in our busy lives toread a good book. That is why we welcome Mr. Musk's latest ___35___, and wish him well. As lo ng as robotsadd to the sum of human happiness, reduce suffering, and create time to read world-classjournalism, we should be their fans. Especially since j ournalism is one job robots will neverdo.A) amassed B) casual C) emotional D enabling E) eventually F) exaggerat ed G)extravagant H) generously I) misleading J) precious K) reward L) s mart M) sphere N)terrified O) ventureSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statemen ts attached toit. Each statement contains information given in one of the par agraphs. Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived. You ma y choose a paragraph more thanonce. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.In the real world, nobody cares that you went to an Ivy League schoolA) As a high school junior, everything in my life revolved around getting into t he right college.I diligently attended my SAT, ACT, and Advanced Placement test preparation courses. Ijuggled (尽力应付) cross-country and track schedules, newspaper staff, and my church's you thgroup and drama team. I didn't drink, party, or even do much dating. The ri ght college, Ithought, was one with prestige, one with a name. It didn't have to be the Ivy League, but itneeded to be a "top school."B) Looking back now, nine years later, I can't remember exactly what it was a bout theseuniversities that made them seem so much better. Was it a curriculum that appeared more rigorous, perhaps? Or an alumni network that I h oped would open doors down the line?Maybe."I do think there are advantages to schools with more recognition," notes M arybethGasman, a professor of higher education at the University of Pennsylv ania. "I don'tnecessarily think that's a reason to go to one."C) In reflection, my firm belief in the power of the brand was naive, not to mention a bitsnobby. I quickly passed over state schools and southern school s, believing their curriculumsto be automatically inferior to northeastern or western counterparts. Instead, I dreamed ofliving in New York City and my p arents obliged me with a visit to New York University's (NYU)campus. During the tour, tuition fees were discussed.(NYU is consistently ranked one of thecountry's most expensive schools, wit h room and board costs totaling upwards of $ 64,000 ayear.) Up until then, I hadn't truly realized just how expensive an education can be. Over thenext fe w months, I realized not only could I not afford my dream school, I couldn't e venafford the ones where I'd been accepted. City University of New York (CU NY), RutgersUniversity, and Indiana University were out of reach as were Miss issippi State and theUniversity of Alabama, where I would have to pay out-of-state fees. Further complicating mycollege search was a flourishing track car eer—I wanted to keep running but my timesweren't quite fast enough to sec ure a scholarship.D) And so, at 11 pm on the night of Georgia State University's (GSU) midnigh t deadline, Iapplied online. Rated No.466 overall on Forbes' Lists Top Colleges, No.183 in ResearchUniversities, and No.108 in the South, I can't say it was my top choice. Still, the trackcoach had offered me a walk-on spot, and I actually found the urban Atlanta campus a d ecent consolation prize after New York City.E) While it may have been practical, it wasn't prestigious. But here's the thi ng: I loved my"lower-tier" (低层次的) university.(I use the term "low-tier" cautiously, because GSU is a well-regarded researc h institution that attracts high quality professors and faculty from all overth e country.) We are taught to believe that only by going to the best schools an d getting thebest grades can we escape the rat race and build a better future . But what if lower-tiercolleges and universities were the ticket to escaping th e rat race? After all, where else canyou leave school with a decent degree—but without a lifetime of debt?F) My school didn't come prepackaged like the more popular options, so we were left to takecare of ourselves, figuring out city life and trying to complete degree programs that no onewas championing for us to succeed in. What I'm saying is, I loved my university because ittaught us all to be resourceful and we could make what we wanted out of it.G) I was lucky enough to have my tuition covered by a lottery-funded schola rship calledHOPE (Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally). When I started c ollege, the HOPEscholarship was funded by the state of Georgia and offered t o graduating high school seniorswith a GPA of 3.0 or higher. Living costs and books I paid for with money earned during highschool, supplemented by a sm all college fund my deceased grandfather left for me and a modest savings ac count my parents created when I was born.H) So what about all that name recognition? Sure, many of my colleagues a nd competitorshave more glamorous alma maters (母校) than I do. As a journalist, I have competed againstNYU, Columbia, and No rtheastern graduates for jobs. And yet, not a single interviewer hasever asked me about my educational background. In fact, almost every interview I've e verhad was due to a connection—one that I've gained through pure determi nation, not a school brand.I) According to The Boston Globe, students who earned their bachelor's in 2012 have anaverage monthly loan payment of $312, which is one-third more than those who graduatedin 2004. Ultimately, that's the thing universities do n't want to admit. Private universities aremoney-making institutions. If you ca n afford to buy prestige, that's your choice. For the restof us, however, our h earty lower-tiered universities are just fine, thank you.J) Wealthy universities talk up the benefits their name will give graduates: na mely, strongalumni networks, star faculty, and a résuméboost. But you nee dn't attend an Ivy Leagueschool to reap those rewards. Ludacris and the for mer CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis arealumni of my college, as well as VI CE's first female editor-in-chief, Ellis Jones. Successfulpeople tend to be succ essful no matter where they go to school, and lower-tier schools canhave alu mni networks just as strong as their big name counterparts. In fact, lower-tie r schoolalumni networks are arguably stronger, because fellow alumni recog nize that you didn'tnecessarily have an easy path to follow. They might be m ore willing to offer career help,because your less famous school denotes that, like them, you are also full of energy and perseverance.K) The Washington Post reported on a recent study by Princeton economists, i n which collegegraduates who applied to the most selective schools in the 12 th grade were compared tothose who applied to slightly less selective schoo ls. They found that students with more potential earned more as adults, and the reverse held true as well, no matter where theywent to school.L) Likewise, star faculty are not always found where you'd expect. Big name s chools are notnecessarily the best places for professors; plus, many professor s split teaching time between multiple colleges and/or universities. This mea ns, for instance, a CUNY student couldreasonably expect to receive the same quality of instruction from a prestigious professoras they would if they we re enrolled in the same class at NYU.M) It's possible that some hiring managers may be drawn to candidates with a particular educational résumé, but it's no guarantee. According to a 2012 survey described in TheAtlantic, college reputation ranked lowest in relative importance of attributes in evaluatinggraduates for hire, beaten out by top fa ctors like internships, employment during college,college major, volunteer ex perience, and extracurriculars.N) Maybe students who choose less prestigious universities are bound to suc ceed becausethey are determined to. I tend to think so. In any case, if I co uld do it again, I'd still makethe same choice. Today I'm debt-free, resourcef ul—and I understand that even theshiniest packaging can't predict what yo u'll find on the inside.36. Modest institutions can also have successful graduates and strong alumni networks.37. The money the author made in high school helped pay for her living expe nses and booksat college.38. The author came to see how costly college education could be when she was trying tochoose a university to attend.39. A recent study found that a graduate's salary is determined by their pot ential, not theuniversity they attended.40. The author cannot recall for sure what made certain top universities app ear a lot better.41. None of the author's job interviewers cared which college she went to.42. The author thinks she did the right thing in choosing a less prestigious u niversity.43. In order to be admitted to a prestigious university, the author took part in various extracurricular activities and attended test preparation courses. 44. The author liked her university which was not prestigious but less expen sive.45. Colleges are reluctant to admit that graduates today are in heavier debt.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by s ome questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four cho ices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the cen tre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by theCensus Bureau, which found that average household income ros e by 5.2% in 2015.Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant pro blems with the Census's measure arethat:1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided he alth insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precise ly measured,income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours ofwork needed to earn that income.While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published articl e by CharlesJones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new mea sure of economic welfare.While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income,taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in workingtime, life expectancy, an d inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance bot h across countries and over time.The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Su ppose we wantto compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and Fr ance in 2005.In 2005, as the authors observe: real consumption per person in France was only 60% ashigh as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economi cally much better off thanthe French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisuretime, life expectancy, and economic ine quality. The French take longer vacations and retireearlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumablyreflecting advant ages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income andc onsumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Bec ause of thesedifferences, comparing France's consumption with the U.S.'s ove rstates the gap in economicwelfare.Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97 % of U.S. levels, butestimates Mexican well-being at 22%.The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy's performance ov er time.According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. ha d the highest economicwelfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic we lfare in the U.S. has continued toimprove. However, the pace of improveme nt has slowed markedly.Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare ismulti-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in pri nciple other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated-for exa mple, decreases in total emissions ofpollutants and declines in crime rates.46. What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?A) It is based on questionable statistics.B) It reflects the economic changes.C) It evidences the improved-welfare.D) It provides much food for thought.47. What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?A) It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.B) It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people's livelihood.C) It focuses on people's consumption rather than their average income.D) It is a more comprehensive measure of people's economic well-being.48. What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U. S. interms of real consumption per person?A) It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.B) It neglected many important indicators of people's welfare.C) It covered up the differences between individual citizens.D) It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.49. What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?A) It can accurately pinpoint a country's current economic problems.B) It can help to raise people's awareness of their economic well-being.C) It can diagnose the causes of a country's slowing pace of economic impr ovement.D) It can compare a country's economic conditions between different periods of time.50) What can we infer from the passage about American people's economic well-being?A) It is much better than that of their European counterparts.B) It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.C) It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.D) It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s. Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you've ever started a sentence with,"If I were you..." or found yourself scratching yourhead at a colleague's agon y over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there's ascientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over thec ourse of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone elseis an enjoyable task that doesn't suffer the same pitfalls. The problem is "decision fatigue," a psychological phenomenon that take s a toll on the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making, sa ys Evan Polman, a leading psychologist.Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so. "Presumably it's because it'ssimple and easy to write a prescription and con sider a patient case closed rather than investigate further," Polman says. But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for som eone else.When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their ow n choices as belonging tosomeone else, they feel less tired and rely less on d ecision shortcuts to make those choices."By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does notsuffer theconsequences of decision fatigue," he says."It's as if there's something fun and liberatingabout making someone else's c hoice."Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought pr ocess; it oftenalso includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it c an be quite good, says Polman."When people experience decision fatigue-when they are tired of making ch oices—theyhave a tendency to choose to go with the status quo (现状)," he says."But the status quocan be problematic, since a change in the course of acti on can sometimes be important andlead to a positive outcome."In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is al most always essential."People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do not hingover something," he says,"That's not to say that risk is always good, but it is related totaking action9w hereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagri n(懊恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfo rtunatelyhindered."Just because you can make good choices for others doesn't mean you'll do th e same foryourself, Polman cautions."Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries forothers than the y do for themselves," he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.51. What does the author say about people making decisions?A) They may become exhausted by making too many decisions for themselve s.B) They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselve s.C) They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.D) They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.52. What does the example about the physicians illustrate?A) Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day.B) Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients' health.C) Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions.D) Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision fatigue.53. When do people feel less decision fatigue?A) When they take decision shortcuts.B) When they help others to make decisions.C) When they have major decisions to make.D) When they have advisers to turn to.54. What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?A) They turn to physicians for advice.B) They tend to make risky decisions.C) They adopt a totally new perspective.D) They refrain from trying anything new.55. What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?A) It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.B) It is likely to entail serious consequences.C) It will enable people to be more creative.D) It will more often than not end in regret.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage fr om Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on AnswerSheet 2.自行车曾经是中国城乡最主要的交通工具，中国一度被称为“自行车王国”。

2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案(三套全)

2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）目录2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（一） (1)快速对答案 (14)2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（二） (14)快速对答案 (27)2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三） (28)快速对答案 (37)2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（一）Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions: For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between employers and employees.You can cite examples to illustrate your views.you should write at least150words but no more than200words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2018年6月大学英语六级真题及答案第3套

2018 年6 月大学英语六级考试真题(第3 套）Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the importance of building trust between business and consumers.You can cite examples to illustrate your views.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200words.Part II Listening Comprehension(30minutes)（说明：由于2018年6月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

）Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.When Elon Musk says that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic robots, we should look forward to the day in admiration.Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two tech companies, Tesla Motors and SpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and 26 humans to live on other planets. This sounds like so much hot air, but the near $13 billion fortune this entrepreneur has 27 comes from practical achievements rather than hypothetical ones.A lot of clever people are 28 about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will one day become so29 that they’ll murder all of us. These fears are mostly 30 : as with hysteria about genetic modification, we humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems with speed and care.And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could, 31 , be like having a babysitter and a nurse rolled into one--or, if that required 32 intelligence beyond the power of Mr. Musk’s imagined machine, at least someone to chop the carrots, wash the car and mow the lawn. Once purchased and trained, this would allow the 33 user to save money and time, freeing up 34 space in our busy lives to read a good book.That is why we welcome Mr. Musk’s latest 35 , and wish him well. As long as robots add to the sum of human happiness, reduce suffering, and create time to read world-class journalism, we should be their fans.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.In the real world, nobody cares that you went to an Ivy League school[A]. As a high school junior, everything in my life revolved around getting into the right college. Idiligentlyattended my SAT, ACT, and Advanced Placement test preparation courses. I juggled （尽力应付）cross- country and track schedules, newspaper staff, and my church’s youth group and drama team. I didn’tdrink,party, or even do much dating. The right college, I thought, was one with prestige, one with a name. It didn’t have to be the Ivy League, but it needed to be “top school.”[B]. Looking back now, nine years later, I can’t remember exactly what it was about these universities that madethem seem so much better. Was it a curriculum that appeared more rigorous, perhaps？Or an alumni network that I hoped would open doors down the line？Maybe. “I do think there are advantages to schools with more recognition,” notes Marybeth Gasman, a professor of higher education at the University of Pennsylvania. “I don’t necessarily think that’s a reason to go to one.”[C]. In reflection, my firm belief in the power of the brand was naive, not to mention a bit snobby. I quickly passedover state schools and southern schools, believing their curriculum to be automatically inferior to northeastern or western counterparts. Instead, I dreamed of living in New York City and my parents obliged me with a visit to New York University’s （NYU ）campus. During the tour, tuition fees were discussed.（NYU is consistently ranked one of the country’s most expensive schools, with room and board costs totaling upwards of $64,000 a year.）Up until then, I hadn’t truly realized just how expensive an education can be. Over the next few months, I realized not only could I not afford my dream school, I couldn’t even afford the ones where I’d been accepted. City University of New York （CUNY）, Rutgers University, and Indiana University were out of reach as were Mississippi State and the University of Alabama, where I would have to pay out-of-state fees. Further complicating my college search was a flourishing stack career—I wanted to keep running but my times weren’t quite fast enough to secure a scholarship.[D]. And so, at 11pm on the night of Geo rgia State University’s （GSU）midnight deadline, I applied online.Rated No.466 overall on Forbes’ Lists Top Colleges, No. 183 in Research Universities, and No. 108 in the South, I can’t say it was my top choice. Still, the track coach had offered me a wa lk-on spot, and I actually found the urban Atlanta campus a decent consolation prize after New York City.[E]. While it may have been practical, it wasn’t prestigious, But here’s the thing：I loved my “lower-tier” （低层次的）university. （I use the term “low-tier” cautiously, because GSU is a well-regarded research institution that attracts high quality professors and faculty from all over the country.）We are taught to believe that only by going to the best schools and getting the best grades can we escape the rat race and builda better future. But what if lower-tier colleges and universities were the ticket to escaping the rat race？After all, where else can you leave school with a decent degree—but without a lifetime of debt？[F] My school didn’t come pre-packaged like the more popular options, so we were left to take care of ourselves,figuring out city life and trying to complete degree programs that no one was championing for us to succeed in.What I’m saying is, Iloved my university because it taught us all to be resourceful and we could make what we wanted out of it.[G]. I was lucky enough to have my tuition covered by a lottery-funded scholarship called HOPE（HelpingOutstanding Pupils Educationally）When I started college, the HOPE scholarship was funded by the state of Georgia and offered to graduating high school seniors with a GPA of 3.0 or higher. Living costs and books I paid for with money earned during high school, supplemented by a small college fund my deceased grandfather left for me and a modest savings account my parents created when I was born. [H]. So what about all that name recognition？Sure, many of my colleagues and competitors have moreglamorous alma maters（母校）than I do. As a journalist, I have competed against NYU, Columbia, and Northeastern graduates for jobs. And yet, not a single interviewer has ever asked me about myeducational background. In fact, almost every interview I’ve ever had was due to a connection—one that I’ve gained through pure determination, no t a school brand.[I]. According to The Boston Globe, students who earned their bachelor’s in 2012 have an average monthlyloan payment of $312, which is one-third more than those who graduated in 2004. Ultimately, that’s the thing universities don’t want to admit. Private universities are money-making institutions. If you can afford to buy prestige, that’s your choice. For the rest of us, however, our hearty lower-tiered universities are just fine, thank you.[J]. Wealthy universities talk up the benefits their name will give graduates；namely, strong alumni networks, star faculty, and a résumé boost. But you needn’t attend an Ivy League school to reap those rewards. Ludacris and the former CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis are alumni of my college, as well as VICE’s first female editor-in-chief, Ellis Jones. Successful people tend to be successful no matter where they go to school. And lower-tier schools can have alumni networks just as strong as their big name counterparts. In fact, lower-tier school alumni networks are arguably stronger, because fellow alumni recognize that you didn’t necessarily have an easy path to follow. They might be more willing to offer career help, because your less famous school denotes that, like them., you are also full of energy and perseverance.[K]. The Washington Post reported on a recent study by Princeton economists, in which college graduates, who applied to the most selective schools in the 12th grade were compared to those who applied to slightly less selective schools. They found that students with more potential earned more as adults, and the reverse held true as well, no matter where they went to school.[L]. Likewise, star faculty is not always found where you’d expect. Big name schools are not necessa rily the best places for professors；plus, many professors split teaching time between multiple colleges and/or universities. This means, for instance, a CUNY student could reasonably expect to receive the same quality of instruction from a prestigious professor as they would if they were enrolled in the same class at NYU.[M]. It’s possible that some hiring managers may be drawn to candidates with a particular educational résumé, but it’s no guarantee. According to a 2012 survey described in The Atlantic, college reputation ranked lowest in relative importance of attributes in evaluating graduates for hire, beaten out by top factors like internships, employment during college, college major, volunteer experience, and extracurriculars.[N]. Maybe students who choose less prestigious universities are bound to succeed because they are determined to. I tend to think so. In any case, if I could do it again, I’d still make the same choice.Today I’m debt-free, resourceful—and I understand that even the shiniest packaging can’t predict what you’ll find on the inside.36.Modest institutions can also have successful graduates and strong alumni networks.37.The money the author made in high school helped pay for her living expenses and books at college.38.The author came to see how costly college education could be when she was trying to choose auniversity to attend.39.A recent study found that a graduate’s salary is determined by their potential, not the universitythey attended.40.The author cannot recall for sure what made certain top universities appear a lot better.41.None of the author’s job interviewers cared which college she went to.42.The author thinks she did the right thing in choosing a less prestigious university.43.In order to be admitted to a prestigious university, the author took part in various extracurricular activities and attended test preparation courses.44.The author liked her university which was not prestigious but less expensive.45.Colleges are reluctant to admit that graduates today are in heavier debt.Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centrepassage oneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Economically speaking，are we better off than we were ten years ago？Twenty years ago？In their thirst for evidence on this issue，commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau，which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately，that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful，but flawed and incomplete，statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that：1）it excludes taxes，transfers，and compensation like employer-provided health insurance；and 2）it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured，income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being，such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.While thinking about the question，we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow，which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect，it is considerably more comprehensive than average income，taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time，life expectancy，and inequality. Moreover，it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we wantto compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.In 2005，as the authors observe，real consumption per person in France was only 60%as high as the U.S.，makiIn 2005，as the authors observe，real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S.，making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However，that comparison omits other relevant factors：leisure time，life expectancy，and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier，so typically work fewer hours；they enjoy a higher life expectancy，presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care，diet，lifestyle，and the like；and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences，comparing France’s consumption with theU.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example，this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels，but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure，as of the early-to-mid-2000s，the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007，economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However，the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.Methodologically，the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of- life changes could be incorporated—for example，decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.46.What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau？A）It is based on questionable statistics.B）It reflects the economic changes.C）It evidences the improved welfare.D）It provides much food for thought.47.What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method？A）It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.B）It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people’s livelihood.C）It focuses on people’s consumption rather that their average income.D）It is a more comprehensive measure of people’s economic well-being.48.What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U.S. in terms of real consumption per person？A）It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.B）It neglected many important indicators of people’s welfare.C）It covered up the differences between individual citizens.D）It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.49.What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method？A）It can accurately pinpoint a country’s current economic problems.B）It can help to raise people’s awareness of their economic well-being.C）It can diagnose the causes of a country’s slowing pace of economic improvement.D）It can compare a country’s economic conditions between different periods of time. 50.What can we infer from the passage about American people’s economic well-being？A）It is much better than that of their European counterparts.B）It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.C）It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.D）It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you've ever started a sentence with,"If I were you..."or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague's agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there's a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn't suffer the same pitfalls.The problem is"decision fatigue,"a psychological phenomenon that takes a toll on the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making, says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist.Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so."Presumably it's because it's simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,"Polman says.But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else, they feel less tired and relyless on decision shortcuts to make those choices."By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker,one does not suffer the consequences of decision Mtigue,"he says."It is as if there is something fun and liberating about making someone else's choice."Getting input from others not only omrs a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good, says Polman."when people experience decision fatigue-when they are tired of making choices-they have a tendency to choose to go with status quo (现状),"he says."But the status quo can be problematic. since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome."In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential."people who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,"he says."That's not to say that risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin (懊恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered."Just because you can make good choices for others doesn't mean you'll do the same for yourself, polman cautions."Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves," he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.51.What does the author say about people making decisions?A)They may become exhausted by making too many decisions for themselves.B)They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.C)They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.D)They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.52.What does the example about the physicians illustrate?A)Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day.B)Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients'health.C)Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions.D)Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision fatigue.53.When do people feel less decision fatigue?A)When they take decision shortcuts.B)When they help others to make decisions.C)When they have major decisions to make.D)When they have advisers to tum to.54.What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?A)They tum to physicians for advice.B)They tend to make risky decisions.C)They adopt a totally new perspective.D)They refrain from trying anything new.55.What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?A)It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.B)It is likely to entail serious consequences.C)It will enable people to be more creative.D)It will more often than not end in regret.Part IV Translation(30minutes) Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.自行车曾经是中国城乡最主要的交通工具，中国一度被称为“自行车王国”。

2018年6月英语六级真题和答案(三套).doc

2018年6月英语六级真题和答案听力Passage 1At some 2300 miles in length, the Mississippi is the longest river in the United States. At some1000 miles, the Mackenzie is the longest river in Canada. But these waterways seem minute inmazon.comparison to the world’s 2 lengthiest rivers: the Nile and the AThe Nile which begins in central Africa and flows over 4100 miles north into the Mediterraneanhosted one of the world’s great ancient civilizations along its shores. Calm and peaceful for mostof the year, the Nile used to flood annually, thereby creating, irrigating and carrying new topsoilto the nearby farmland on which ancient Egypt depended for livelihood. As a means oftransportation, the river carried various vessels up and down its length.A journey through the unobstructed part of this waterway today would pass by the splendidvalley of the Kings, where the tombs of many of these ancient monarchs have stood for over3000 years. Great civilizations and intensive settlement are hardly associated with the Amazon,yet this 4000 mile-long south American river carries about 20% of the world’s fresh water more than the Mississippi, Nile and Yangtze combined. Other statistics are equally astonishing. TheAmazon is so wide at some points that from its center neither shore can be seen. Each second,the Amazon pours some 55 million gallons of water into the Atlantic. There, at its mouth standsone island larger than Switzerland. Most important of all, the Amazon irrigates the largesttropical rain forest on earth.Passage 19. What can be found in the valley of the Kings?10. In what way is the Amazon different from other big rivers?11. What does the speaker say about the Amazon?Recording 2Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the third in our cities of businessseminars in the program “Doing Business Abroad”. (Q19) Today, we are going to look at theintercultural awareness, that is the fact that not everyone is British, not everyone speaks Englishand not everyone does business in a British way. And, why should they? (Q19) If overseasbusiness people are selling to us, then they will make every effort to speak English and to respectour traditions and methods. It is only polite for us to do the same when we visit them. It is notonly polite, it is a central, if we want to sel l British products overseas. First, a short quiz. Let’s s how interculturally-aware you are. Question 1: where must you not drink alcohol on the first andseventh of every month. Question 2: where should you never admire your host’spossessions.Question 3: how should you attract the waiter during a business lunch in Bangkok. Question 4:where should you try to make all your appointments either before 2 or after 5:30 pm. OK,everyone had a chance to make some notes. Right! Here are the answers. Although I am surethat the information could equally well apply to countries other than those I have chosen. No.1:(Q20) you must not drink alcohol on the first and seventh of the month in India. In internationalhotels, you may find it served, but if you are having a meal with an India colleague, remember toavoid asking for a beer. If you are an arrival, coincide with one of those tips. No.2: in Arab countries, the politeness and generosity of the people is without parallel. If you admire yourl belt and bowls, you may well find yourself being presented with them as acolleague’s beautifupresent. This is not a cheap way to do your shopping, however, as your host will quite correctlyexpect you to respond by presenting him with a gift of equal worth and beauty. In Thailand,will embarrass your hosts,clicking the fingers, clapping your hands or just shouting “Waiter”　fellow diners, the waiter himself and, most of all, you. Place your palm downward and make aninconspicuous waving gesture, which will produce instant and satisfying results. And finally, (Q21)in Spain, some businesses maintain the pattern of working until about 2 o’clock and thenreturning to the office from 5:30 to 8, 9 or 10 in the evening.Q19: What should you do when doing business with foreigners?Q20: What must you avoid doing with your Indian colleague?Q21: What do we learn about some Spanish people?选词填空儿歌Did Sarah Josepha Hale write “Mary’s Little Lamb,”the eternal nursery rhyme（儿歌）aboutgirl named Mary with a stubborn lamb? This is still disputed, but it’s clear that the woman 26reputed for writing it was one of America’s most fascinating 27 characters. In honor of the poempublication on May 24,1830, here’s more about the 28 supposed author’s life.Hale wasn’t just a writer, she was also a 29 fierce social advocate, and she was particularly 30obsessed with an ideal New England, which she associated with abundant Thanksgivinxxg mealsthat she claimed had “a deep moral influence,” she began a nationwide 31 campaign to have a national holiday declared that would bring families together while celebrating the 32 traditionalfestivals. In 1863, after 17 years of advocacy including letters to five presidents, Hale got it.President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War, issued a 33 proclamation setting aside the lastThursday in November for the holiday.The true authorship of “Mary’s Little Lamb” is disputed. According to New England Historical Society, Hale wrote only one part of the poem, but claimed authorship. Regardless of the author,it seems that the poem was 34 inspired by a real event. When young Mary Sawyer was followedto school by a lamb in 1816, it caused some problems. A bystander named John Roulstone wrotea poem about the event, then, at some point, Hale herself seems to have helped write it.However, if a 1916 piece by her great-niece is to be trusted, Hale claimed for the 35 rest of herlife that “Some other people pretended that someone else wrote the poem”．A）campaignB）careerC）charactersD）featuresE）fierceF）inspiredG）latterH）obsessedI）proclamationJ）rectifiedK）reputedL）restM）supposedN）traditionalO）versatile金字塔Scientists scanning and mapping the Giza pyramids say they've discovered that the Great Pyramid of Giza is not exactly even. But really not by much. This pyramid is the oldest of theexact size has 26 puzzled experts for centuries, as the Seven Wonders. The pyramid’sworld’s"more than 21 acres of hard, white casing stones" that originally covered it were 27 removed long ago.Reporting in the most recent issue of the newsletter "AERAGRAM," which 28 chronicles the work of the Ancient Egypt Research Associates, engineer Glen Dash says that by using a new measuring approach that involved finding any surviving 29 remnants of the casing in order to determine where the original edge was. They found the east side of the pyramid to be a 30 maximum of 5.55 inches shorter than the west side.The question that most 31 fascinates him, however, isn't how the Egyptians who designed andbuilt the pyramid got it wrong 4,500 years ago, but how they got it so close to 32 perfect. "Wecan only speculate as to how the Egyptians could have laid out these lines with such 33 precision using only the tools they had," Dash writes. He says his 34 hypothesis is that the Egyptians laidout their design on a grid, noting that the great pyramid is oriented only 35 slightly away fromthe cardinal directions (its north-south axis runs 3 minutes 54 seconds west of due north, whileits east-west axis runs 3 minutes 51 seconds north of due east)—an amount that's "tiny, but similar," Atlas Obscura points out.chroniclescompleteestablishedfascinateshypothesismaximummomentummysteriouslyperfectprecisionpuzzledremnantsremovedrevelationsslightly家用机器人When Elon Musk says, as he did this week, that his new priority is using artificial intelligence tobuild domestic robots, we should not only take note, but look forward to the day we can put ourlegs up in admiration.Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two “moonshot” tech companies, Tesla Motors and SpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and 26 humans to live onother planets. Lest this strike the amateur techie—not that readers of The Independent wouldever count among them—as so much hot air, you can be reassured that the near $13bn (￡8.8bn) fortune this entrepreneur has 27 comes from practical achievements rather than hypotheticalones.A lot of clever people are 28 about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will one daybecome so 29 they’llmurder all of us. These fears are mostly30 : as with hysteria aboutgenetic modification, we humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems withalacrity and care.And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could —31 — belike having a babysitter and masseuse rolled into one —or, if that required 32 intelligencet some one to chop the carrots, wash thebeyond the ken of Mr. Musk’s imagined machine, at leascar and mow the lawn. Once purchased and trained, this would allow the 33 user to savemoney and time, freeing up 34 space in our busy lives to, for instance, read The Independent.That is why we welcome Mr. Musk’s latest 35 , and wish him well. As long as robots add tothe sum of human happiness, reduce suffering or cumbersome activity, and create time to readworld-class journalism, The Independent will be their fans. Especially since journalism is one jobrobots will never do.A) amassedB) casualC) emotionalD) enablingE) eventuallyF) exaggeratedG) extravagantH) generouslyI) misleadingJ) preciousK) rewardL) smartM) sphereN) terrifiedO) venture答案：26. D enabling27. A amassed28. N terrified29. L smart30. F exaggerated31. E eventually32. C emotional33. B casual34. J precious35. O venture阅读Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmers against two enemies: the rice-eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands.Located on the Mediterranean just two hours south of Barcelona, the Ebro Delta produces-growing 120 million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the continent’s most important rice areas. As the sea creeps into these fresh-water marshes, however, rising salinity（盐分）ishampering rice production. At the same time, this sea-water also kills off the greedy giant applesnail, an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants. The most promising strategy hasbecome to harness one foe against the other.The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhouses at the University of Barcelona.are seeking varieties of rice that canScientists working under the banner “Project Neurice”　withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency that makes European rice idealfor traditional Spanish and Italian dishes.roject manager and researcher at the“The project has two sides,” says Xavier Serrat, Neurice pUniversity of Barcelona. “the short-term fight against the snail, and a mid- to long-term fightagainst climate change. But the snail has given the project greater urgency.”Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta byGlobal Aquatic Tecnologies, a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums（水族馆）,but failed to prevent their escape. For now, the giant apple snail’s presence in Europe is limitedto the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat. “The ques not if it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe, but when.”Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of salt-tolerant ricethey’ve bred. In 2018, farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the Ebro Deltaand Europe’s other two main rice-growing regions—along the Po in Italy, and France’s Rh?ne. A season in the field will help determine which, if any, of the varieties are ready for commercialization.As an EU-funded effort, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all threecountries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short-grain rice with a long-grain Asianvariety that carries the salt-resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations toarrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European ricegenome（基因组）.46.Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage?A. It had great impact on the life of Spanish rice farmers.B. It is of great significance in the records of Spanish history.C. Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are waging a battle of similar importance.D. Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are experiencing as hard a time as in the war.47.What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ in fighting their enemies?A. Striking the weaker enemy firstB. Killing two birds with one stoneC. Eliminating the enemy one by oneD. Using one evil to combat the other48. What do we learn about “Project Neurice”？A. Its goals will have to be realized at a cost.B. It aims to increase the yield of Spanish rice.C. Its immediate priority is to bring the pest under control.D. It tries to kill the snails with the help of climate change.49. What does Neurice project manager say about the giant apple snail?A. It can survive only on southern European wetlands.B. It will invade other rice-growing regions of Europe.C. It multiplies at a speed beyond human imagination.D. It was introduced into the rice fields on purpose.50. What is the ultimate goal of the EU-funded program?A. Cultivating ideal salt-resistant rice varieties.B. Increasing the absorbency of the Spanish rice.C. Introducing Spanish rice to the rest of Europe.D. Popularizing the rice crossbreeding technology.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion's patience.But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experience instead of simply enjoying it? "You hear that you shouldn't take all these photos and interrupt the experience, andit's bad for you, and we're not living in the present moment," says Kristin Diehl, associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true, so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing people's enjoyment in the presenceor absence of a camera. The results, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they're doing more, not less."What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently, because you're looking for things you want to capture, that you may want to hang onto," Diehl explains. "That gets peoplemore engaged in the experience, and they tend to enjoy it more."Take sightseeing. In one experiment, nearly 200 participants boarded a double-decker bus fora tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of cell phones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the experience significantly more, and said they were more engaged, than those who didn't.Snapping a photo directs attention, which heightens the pleasure you get from whateveryou're looking at, Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological（考古的）museums, where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. "People look longer at things they want to photograph," Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more, too.To the relief of Instagrammers（Instagram用户）everywhere, it can even makes meals more enjoyable. When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch, they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren't told to take photos.Was it the satisfying click of the camera? The physical act of the snap? No, they found; just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect. "If you want to take mental photos, that works the same way," Diehl says. "Thinking about what you would want to photograph also gets you more engaged."51.What does the author say about photo-taking in the past?A. It was a painstaking effort for recording life’s major events.B. It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.C. It was a good way to preserve one’s precious images.D. It was a skill that required lots of practice to master.52.Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out __________.A. what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takersB. whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeingC. how it could help to enrich people’s life experiencesD. Whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doingexperiments show that people taking photos?53.What do the results of Diehl’sA. They are distracted from what they are doing.B. They can better remember what they see or do.C. They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.D. They can have a better understanding of the world.54.What is found about museum visitors with the aid of eye-tracking glasses?A. They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.B. They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.C. They have a better view of what are on display.D. They follow the historical events more easily.55.What do we learn from the last paragraph?A. It is better to make plans before taking photos.B. Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.C. Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.D. Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.翻译自行车自行车曾经是中国城乡最主要的交通工具，中国一度被称为“自行车王国”。

2018年6月英语六级真题及答案(第三套)

2018年6月英语六级真题及答案（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between businesses and consumers. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150words but no more than 200 words.The Importance of Building Trust Between Businesses and Consumers Today, in the context of this era featured by increasing commercialization an d digitalization, mutually-trusted relations between businesses and consumers appear to be particularly important.As for me businesses should take a leading role in establishing the trust relationship: to be honest with their consumers. Firstly, if a business has a dishonest attitude toward its customers, the customers will lack purchasing confidence in its goods or services, which will bring huge economic loss to the business. What's worse, the adverse side effect of such dishonesty can endanger the business and it is impossible to recover. The collapse of Sanlu Milk Powder Company is a testament to this. Moreover, the incident of poisonous milk has exerted devastating consequences on the whole milk powder market. Be sides, because of the proliferation of counterfeit goods, more consumers lose confidence in domestic products, and then they have no alternative but to resort to foreign brands, which is one reason why cross-border online shopping is gaining more and more popularity in China.Therefore, it is high time for us to strengthen the importance of maintaining trust between businesses and consumers to promote the healthy development t of the whole social economy.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)说明：由于2018 年 6 月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前 2 套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

20186月英语六级真题及答案解析(三套)

2018年6月英语六级真题和答案听力Passage 1At some 2300 miles in length, the Mississippi is the longest river in the United States. At some 1000 miles, the Mackenzie is the longest river in Canada. But these waterways seem minute in comparison to the world’s 2 len gthiest rivers: the Nileand the Amazon.The Nile which begins in central Africa and flows over 4100 miles north into the Mediterranean hosted one of the world’s great ancient civilizations along itsshores. Calm and peaceful for most of the year, the Nile used to flood annually,thereby creating, irrigating and carrying new topsoil to the nearby farmland on which ancient Egypt depended for livelihood. As a means of transportation, the rivercarried various vessels up and down its length.A journey through the unobstructed part of this waterway today would pass bythe splendid valley of the Kings, where the tombs of many of these ancient monarchs have stood for over 3000 years. Great civilizations and intensive settlement arehardly associated with the Amazon, yet this 4000 mile-long south American rivercarries about 20% of the world’s fresh water more than the Mississippi, Nile andYangtze combined. Other statistics are equally astonishing. The Amazon is so wideat some p oints that from its center neither shore can be seen. Each second, the Amazon pours some 55 million gallons of water into the Atlantic. There, at its mouth stands one island larger than Switzerland. Most important of all, the Amazon irrigates the largest tropical rain forest on earth.Passage 19. What can be found in the valley of the Kings?10. In what way is the Amazon different from other big rivers?11. What does the speaker say about the Amazon?Recording 2Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the third in our cities ofbusiness seminars in the program “Doing Business Abroad”. (Q19) Today, we are going to look at the intercultural awareness, that is the fact that not everyone is British, not everyone speaks English and not everyone does business in a British way. And,why should they? (Q19) If overseas business people are selling to us, then they will make every effort to speak English and to respect our traditions and methods. Itis only polite for us to do the same when we visit them. It is not only polite, itis a central, if we want to sell British products overseas. First, a short quiz.Let’s see how interculturally-aware you are. Question 1: where must you not drink alcohol on the first and seventh of every month. Question 2: where should you never admire your host’s possessions. Question 3: how s hould you attract the waiter during a business lunch in Bangkok. Question 4: where should you try to make all yourappointments either before 2 or after 5:30 pm. OK, everyone had a chance to makesome notes. Right! Here are the answers. Although I am sure that the informationcould equally well apply to countries other than those I have chosen. No.1: (Q20)you must not drink alcohol on the first and seventh of the month in India. Ininternational hotels, you may find it served, but if you are having a meal with anIndia colleague, remember to avoid asking for a beer. If you are an arrival, coincide with one of those tips. No.2: in Arab countries, the politeness and generosity ofthe people is without parallel. If you admire your colleague’s beautiful belt and bowls, you may well find yourself being presented with them as a present. This isnot a cheap way to do your shopping, however, as your host will quite correctly expect you to respond by presenting him with a gift of equal worth and beauty. In Thailand, clicking the fingers, clapping your hands or just shouting “Waiter”　will embarrass your hosts, fellow diners, the waiter himself and, most of all, you. Place your palm downward and make an inconspicuous waving gesture, which will produce instant andsatisfying results. And finally, (Q21) in Spain, some businesses maintain thepattern of working until about 2 o’clock and then returning to the office from 5:30 to 8, 9 or 10 in the evening.Q19: What should you do when doing business with foreigners?Q20: What must you avoid doing with your Indian colleague?Q21: What do we learn about some Spanish people?选词填空儿歌Did Sarah Josepha Hale write “Mary’s Little Lamb,” the eternal nursery rhyme （儿歌）about girl named M ary with a stubborn lamb? This is still disputed, but it’s clear that the woman 26 reputed for writing it was one of America’s most fascinating27 character s. In honor of the poem publication on May 24,1830, here’s more about the 28 supposed author’s life.Hale wasn’t just a writer, she was also a 29 fierce social advocate, and shewas particularly 30 obsessed with an ideal New England, which she associated withabundant Thanksgivinx xg meals that she claimed had “a deep moral influence,”　she began a nationwide 31 campaign to have a national holiday declared that would bring families together while celebrating the 32 traditional festivals. In 1863, after17 years of advocacy including letters to five presidents, Hale got it. PresidentAbraham Lincoln during the Civil War, issued a 33 proclamation setting aside thelast Thursday in November for the holiday.The true authorship of “Mary’s Little Lamb” is disputed. According to NewEngland Historical Society, Hale wrote only one part of the poem, but claimedauthorship. Regardless of the author, it seems that the poem was 34 inspired by areal event. When y oung Mary Sawyer was followed to school by a lamb in 1816, it caused some problems. A bystander named John Roulstone wrote a poem about the event, then, at some point, Hale herself seems to have helped write it. However, if a 1916 piece by her great-niece is to be trusted, Hale claimed for the 35 rest of her life that“Some other people pretended that someone else wrote the poem”．A）campaignB）careerC）charactersD）featuresE）fierceF）inspiredG）latterH）obsessedI）proclamationJ）rectifiedK）reputedL）restM）supposedN）traditionalO）versatile金字塔Scientists scanning and mapping the Giza pyramids say they've discovered thatthe Great Pyramid of Giza is not exactly even. But really not by much. This pyramid is the oldest of the world’s Seven Wonders. The pyramid’s exact size has 26 puzzled experts for centuries, as the "more than 21 acres of hard, white casing stones" that originally covered it were 27 removed long ago.Reporting in the most recent issue of the newsletter "AERAGRAM," which 28 chronicles the work of the Ancient Egypt Research Associates, engineer Glen Dashsays that by using a new measuring approach that involved finding any surviving 29 remnants of the casing in order to determine where the original edge was. They found the east side of the pyramid to be a 30 maximum o f 5.55 inches shorter than the west side.The question that most 31 fascinates him, however, isn't how the Egyptians whodesigned and built the pyramid got it wrong 4,500 years ago, but how they got itso close to 32 perfect. "We can only speculate as to how the Egyptians could havelaid out these lines with such 33 precision using only the tools they had," Dashwrites. He says his 34 hypothesis is that the Egyptians laid out their design ona grid, noting that the great pyramid is oriented only 35 slightly away from thecardinal directions (its north-south axis runs 3 minutes 54 seconds west of due north, while its east-west axis runs 3 minutes 51 seconds north of due east)—an amount that's "tiny, but similar," Atlas Obscura points out.chroniclescompleteestablishedfascinateshypothesismaximummomentummysteriouslyperfectprecisionpuzzledremnantsremovedrevelationsslightly家用机器人When Elon Musk says, as he did this week, that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic robots, we should not only take note, but look forward to the day we can put our legs up in admiration.Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two “moonshot” tech companies, Tesla Motors and SpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass marketand 26 humans to live on other planets. Lest this strike the amateur techie—not that readers of The Independent would ever count among them—as so much hot air, you can be reassured that the near $13bn (￡8.8bn) fortune this entrepreneur has 27 comes from practical achievements rather than hypothetical ones.A lot of clever people are 28 about artificial intelligence, fearingthat robots will one day become so 29 they’ll murder all of us. These fears are mostly 30 : as with hysteria about genetic modification, we humans aregenerally wise enough to manage these problems with alacrity and care.And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could — 31 —be like having a babysitter and masseuse rolled into one —or, if that required 32 intelligence beyond the ken of Mr. Musk’s imagined ma chine, at least some one to chop the carrots, wash the car and mow t he lawn. Once purchased and trained, this would allow the 33 user to save money and time, freeingup 34 space in our busy lives to, for instance, read The Independent.That is w hy we welcome Mr. Musk’s latest35 , and wish him well. As long as robots add to the sum of human h appiness, reduce suffering or cumbersome activity, and create time to read world-class journalism, The Independent will be their fans. Especially since journalism is one job robots will never do.A) amassedB) casualC) emotionalD) enablingE) eventuallyF) exaggeratedG) extravagantH) generouslyI) misleadingJ) preciousK) rewardL) smartM) sphereN) terrifiedO) venture答案：26. D enabling27. A amassed28. N terrified29. L smart30. F exaggerated31. E eventually32. C emotional33. B casual34. J precious35. O venture阅读Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish CivilWar, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmersagainst two enemies: the rice-eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and theoverall health of southern European wetlands.Located on the Mediterranean just two hours south of Barcelona, the EbroDelta produces 120 million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the continent’s most important rice-growing areas. As the sea creeps into these fresh-water marshes, however, rising salinity（盐分）is hampering rice production. At the same t ime, this sea-water also kills off the greedy giant apple snail, an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants. The most promising strategy has become to harness one foeagainst the other.The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhouses at the Universityof Barcelona. Scientists working under the banner “Project Neurice” are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing theabsorbency that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italiandishes.“The project has two sides,”　says Xavier Serrat, Neurice project manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona. “the short-term fight against the snail, and a mid- to long-term fight against climate change. But the snail has given theproject greater urgency.”Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Tecnologies, a company that raised the snails forfresh-water aquariums（水族馆）, but failed to prevent their escape. For now, thegiant apple snail’s presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new ter ritory, says Serrat. “The question is not if it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe, but when.”Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of salt-tolerant rice they’ve bred. In 2018, farmers will plant the var ieties withthe most promise in the Ebro Delta and Europe’s other two main rice-growing regions—along the Po in Italy, and France’s Rh?ne. A season in the field willhelp determine which, if any, of the varieties are ready for commercialization.As an EU-funded effort, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice istaking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local Europeanshort-grain rice with a long-grain Asian variety that carries the salt-resistantgene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome （基因组）.46.Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage?A. It had great impact on the life of Spanish rice farmers.B. It is of great significance in the records of Spanish history.C. Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are waging a battle of similar importance.D. Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are experiencing as hard a time as in the war.47.What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ in fightingtheir enemies?A. Striking the weaker enemy firstB. Killing two birds with one stoneC. Eliminating the enemy one by oneD. Using one evil to combat the other48. What do we learn about “Project Neurice”？A. Its goals will have to be realized at a cost.B. It aims to increase the yield of Spanish rice.C. Its immediate priority is to bring the pest under control.D. It tries to kill the snails with the help of climate change.49. What does Neurice project manager say about the giant apple snail?A. It can survive only on southern European wetlands.B. It will invade other rice-growing regions of Europe.C. It multiplies at a speed beyond human imagination.D. It was introduced into the rice fields on purpose.50. What is the ultimate goal of the EU-funded program?A. Cultivating ideal salt-resistant rice varieties.B. Increasing the absorbency of the Spanish rice.C. Introducing Spanish rice to the rest of Europe.D. Popularizing the rice crossbreeding technology.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life'sgreatest milestones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos ofsomething as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your diningcompanion's patience.But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experience instead of simply enjoying it? "You hear that you shouldn't take all these photos andinterrupt the experience, and it's bad for you, and we're not living in the present moment," says Kristin Diehl, associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true, so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing people's enjoyment in the presence or absence of a camera. The results, published in theJournal of Personality and Social Psychology, surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they're doing more, not less."What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently, because you're looking for things you want to capture, that you may want to hang onto," Diehl explains. "That gets people more engaged in the experience, and they tend to enjoyit more."Take sightseeing. In one experiment, nearly 200 participants boarded a double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of cell phones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the experience significantly more, and said they were more engaged, than those who didn't.Snapping a photo directs attention, which heightens the pleasure you get from whatever you're looking at, Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological（考古的）museums, where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. "People look longer at things they wantto photograph," Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more, too.To the relief of Instagrammers（Instagram用户）everywhere, it can even makes meals more enjoyable. When p eople were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch, they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren't toldto take photos.Was it the satisfying click of the camera? The physical act of the snap? No,they found; just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect. "If you want to take mental photos, that works thesame way," Diehl says. "Thinking about what you would want to photograph also getsyou more engaged."51.What does the author say about photo-taking in the past?A. It was a painstaking effort for recording life’s major events.B. It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.C. It was a good way to preserve one’s precious images.D. It was a skill that required lots of practice to master.52.Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out__________.A. what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takersB. whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeingC. how it could help to enrich people’s life experiencesD. Whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing53.What do the results of D iehl’s experiments show that people taking photos?A. They are distracted from what they are doing.B. They can better remember what they see or do.C. They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.D. They can have a better understanding of the world.54.What is found about museum visitors with the aid of eye-tracking glasses?A. They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.B. They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.C. They have a better view of what are on display.D. They follow the historical events more easily.55.What do we learn from the last paragraph?A. It is better to make plans before taking photos.B. Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.C. Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.D. Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.翻译自行车自行车曾经是中国城乡最主要的交通工具，中国一度被称为“自行车王国”。

2018年6月英语六级真题及答案(第三套).pdf

2018年6月英语六级真题及答案（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between businesses and consumers. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150words but no more than 200 words.The Importance of Building Trust Between Businesses and Consumers Today, in the context of this era featured by increasing commercialization an d digitalization, mutually-trusted relations between businesses and consumers appear tobe particularly important.As for me businesses should take a leading role in establishing the trust relationship: to be honest with their consumers. Firstly, if a business has a dishonest attitude toward its customers, the customers will lack purchasing confidence in its goods or services, which will bring huge economic loss to the business. What's worse, the adverse sideeffect of such dishonesty can endanger the business and it is impossible to recover. The collapse of Sanlu Milk Powder Company is a testament to this. Moreover, the incident of poisonous milk has exerted devastating consequences on thewhole milk powder market. Be sides, because of the proliferation of counterfeit goods, more consumers lose confidence in domestic products, and then they have no alternative but to resort to foreign brands, which is one reason why cross-border online shopping is gaining more and more popularity in China.Therefore, it is high time for us to strengthen the importance of maintaining trust between businesses and consumersto promote the healthy development t of the whole social economy.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)说明：由于2018 年 6 月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前 2 套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。