新标准大学英语综合教程2答案翻译全

Unit1
Complete the sentences with the words in brackets and the suffix -ment or -ism.

1. What is the going to do about this problem? (govern)
Correct answer
government

2. refers to a contemporary way of thinking, and is not easy to define. (postmodern)
Correct answer
Postmodernism

3. Post-war economic led to the creation of new universities in the 1960s. (develop)
Correct answer
development

4. We must combat money worship and extreme . (individual)
Correct answer
individualism

5. The two groups discussed for a long time, but couldn't reach an . (agree)
Correct answer
agreement

6. The best we can make for the future is to provide opportunities for the younger generation. (invest)
Correct answer
investment

7. is the belief that men and women should be treated differently. (sex)
Correct answer
Sexism

8. The of Wordsworth is evident in his poem on the French Revolution. (romantic)
Correct answer
romanticism




Rewrite the sentences using so / neither / nor + inversion. Follow the example.

Example:
The gap between childhood and college has shrunk.
The gap between college and the real world has shrunk, too.
The gap between childhood and college has shrunk, and so has the gap between college and the real world.
1. The world has changed a lot since the 1960s. Universities have changed a lot, too.
Suggested answer:
The world has changed a lot since the 1960s, and so have universities.
2. I really enjoyed my years at university. Jackie also enjoyed the time she spent at university.
Suggested answer:
I really enjoyed my years at university, and so did Jackie.
3. Choosing the right course is always a major problem for new students. Another major problem is organizing one's time on campus.
Suggested answer:
Choosing the right course is always a major problem for new students, and so is organizing one's time on campus.
4. I'm thinking of going to the lecture on post-colonial literature. Li Ming is thinking of going, too.
Suggested answer:
I'm thinking of going to the lecture on post-colonial literature, and so is Li Ming.
5. I think the facilities in our college have improved over the last few years. In my opinion the teaching has also got better.
Suggested answer:
I think the facilities in our college have improved over the last few years, and so has the teaching.
6. We can access the Internet in our student hostel, and it's the same for everyone else on campus.
Suggested answer:
We can access the Internet in our student hostel, and so can everyone else on campus.
7. I'm not very interested in politics. My friends aren't either.
Suggested answer:
I'm not very interested in politics, nor are my friends.
8. I won't be doing much tonight. My roommate won't be doing much either.
Suggested answer:
I won't be doing much toni

ght, nor will my roommate.
Rewrite the sentences using mean. Follow the example.

Example:
When you went to college you had your first taste of real freedom.
Going to college meant your first taste of real freedom.
1. When you start out at college you meet lots of interesting people.
Suggested answer:
Starting out at college means meeting lots of interesting people.
2. If you go to bed too late you won't be able to concentrate the next day.
Suggested answer:
Going to bed too late means not being able to concentrate the next day.
3. When you do a course in Lit Theory you spend a lot of time on difficult subjects.
Suggested answer:
Doing a course in Lit Theory means spending a lot of time on difficult subjects.
4. To be interested in literature is to have an open mind about other ways of life.
Suggested answer:
Being interested in literature means having an open mind about other ways of life.
5. To protest against the Vietnam War in the 1960s you went out onto the streets.
Suggested answer:
Protesting against the Vietnam War in the 1960s meant going out onto the streets.
6. When you go to college today you spend a lot of time thinking about what you will do afterwards.
Suggested answer:
Going to college today means spending a lot of time thinking about what you will do afterwards


Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1. On university campuses in Europe, mass socialist or communist movements gave rise to increasingly violent clashes between the establishment and the college students, with their new and passionate commitment to freedom and justice.
Suggested answer:
在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。
2. These days political, social and creative awakening seems to happen not because of college, but in spite of it. Of course, it's true that higher education is still important. For example, in the UK, Prime Minister Blair was close to achieving his aim of getting 50 per cent of all under thirties into college by 2010 (even though a cynic would say that this was to keep them off the unemployment statistics).
Suggested answer:
现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。
3. I never hoped to understand the nature of my generation or how American colleges are changing by going to Lit Theory classes. This is the class where you look cool, a bit sleepy from too many late nights and wearing a T-shirt with some ironic comment such as "Been there, done that and yes, this IS the T-shirt".

Suggested answer:
我从没指望通过上文学理论课来了解我这一代人的特征，或了解美国大学在如何变化。这门课是让你在课堂上扮酷的——带着一丝熬夜太多的困劲儿，穿着一件T恤衫，上面印着“去过那儿，干过那事儿，对，这就是那件T恤衫”，或诸如此类带有揶揄意味的俏皮话。
4. We're a generation that comes from what has been called the short century (1914–1989), at the end of a century of war and revolution which changed civilizations, overthrew repressive governments, and left us with extraordinary opportunities and privilege, more than any generation before.
Suggested answer:
我们这一代人来自所谓的短世纪（1914－1989），生于其后期。这个世纪充满了战争和革命，它改变了人类文明，推翻了强权政府，给我们留下了非同寻常的机会和特权。我们所得到的机会与特权比从前任何一代人都要多。
Done with this task.
5 Translate the sentences into English.

1. 政府采取的一系列措施不但没有化解矛盾，反倒激起更多的暴力冲突。反对党联合工会发动了一次大罢工，最终导致政府的垮台。 (give rise to; form an alliance with; launch; bring about)
Suggested answer:
Instead of resolving contradictions, the series of measures taken by the government gave rise to more violent clashes. The Opposition formed an alliance with the trade unions and launched a general strike, which ultimately brought about the downfall of the government.
2. 如今，大学与现实世界的距离越来越小，学生也变得越来越实际。从前，大学是一个象牙塔，学者追求的是学问本身而不是把学问作为达到目的的手段，但这样的时代已经一去不复返了。(shrink; gone are the days; a means to an end)
Suggested answer:
Nowadays, the gap between the university and the real world is shrinking and students are becoming more and more practical. Gone are the days when the university was an ivory tower in which scholars pursued knowledge as an end rather than a means to an end.
3. 我从未指望靠上课来学好这门课。但我确实去听课，因为在课上我能了解这门课的重点，学会如何组织材料、如何推理。(hope; the place where)
Suggested answer:
I never hoped to learn the subject well by attending those lectures. But I did go to lectures, for it was the place where I could get the important points of the course and learn how to organize materials and how to reason.
4. 我一直想方设法解决这个难题，但就是找不到满意的答案。可是当我去厨房喝饮料的时候，我突然间灵机一动，意识到解决问题的方法实际上可能很简单。(work out; click)
Suggested answer:
Although I have been trying every means to solve the problem, I cannot work out a satisfactory solution. But when I went to the kitchen to get a drink, something clic

ked and made me realize that the solution might be quite simple.




Unit2
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets and the suffix -ant or -ancy.

1. About 800,000 illegal enter the US every year. (immigrate)
Correct answer
immigrants

2. She says her dream is to be one of the on a TV reality show like "Big Brother". (contest)
Correct answer
contestants

3. I want to get a job as a teacher, but there aren't many at the moment. (vacant)
Correct answer
vacancies

4. I have a friend who runs a management in London. (consult)
Correct answer
consultancy

5. The trial lasted three days, during which time the never opened her mouth. (defend)
Correct answer
defendant

6. Mel can't make his mind up about anything. His is a bit worrying. (hesitant)
Correct answer
hesitancy

7. I don't know the way out of the building. Perhaps you should ask the over there. (attend)
Correct answer
attendant

8. A normal lasts for about 40 weeks. (pregnant)
Correct answer
pregnancy

9. He worked as an headteacher for two years before coming here. (assist)
Correct answer
assistant


Complete the answers with the correct form of the underlined words and the prefix mis-.

1. What happens if you don't understand something properly?
You it. Correct answer
misunderstand

2. What have you done with something if it's in the wrong place?
You have it. Correct answer
misplaced

3. What is the opposite of good fortune?
It is . Correct answer
misfortune

4. If you have made an incorrect judgement of someone's character, what have you done?
You have made a . Correct answer
misjudgement

5. If you have not been correctly informed about something, what has happened?
You have been about it. Correct answer
misinformed




Now rewrite the sentences using by the time. Follow the example.


Example:

I accumulated a fixed circle of people. Then I lost my hearing.

By the time I lost my hearing, I'd already accumulated a fixed circle of people.


1. I arrived at the party. Almost everyone had already left.
Suggested answer:
By the time I arrived at the party, almost everyone had already left.


2. At the age of two, children know about 100 words.
Suggested answer:
By the time children are two, they have known about 100 words.


3. In the end he realized what was happening, but it was too late to ask for help.
Suggested answer:
By the time he realized what was happening, it had been too late to ask for help.


4. When I finally got my degree, most of my friends already had jobs.
Suggested answer:
By the time I finally got my degree, most of my friends already had jobs.


5. Children learn a lot of useful ski

lls before they leave primary school.
Suggested answer:
By the time they leave primary school, children have learnt a lot of useful skills.


6. Courtney finished writing the essay. The deadline had already passed.
Suggested answer:
By the time Courtney finished writing the essay, the deadline had already passed.




Rewrite the sentences using as if / as though. Follow the example.


Example:

Hope crawled off to be comforted by her mother. She was the one who seemed to have been hurt (and not the other baby).

Hope crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had been hurt.


1. I didn't make the mistake, but the old man shouted at me.
Suggested answer:
The old man shouted at me, as if / as though it were me who had made the mistake.


2. The girl didn't fall over, but she started crying.
Suggested answer:
The girl started crying, as if / as though it were she who had fallen over.


3. It wasn't Lucy's party, but she stood at the door welcoming everyone.
Suggested answer:
Lucy stood at the door welcoming everyone, as if / as though it were her party.


4. David wasn't making the noise, but Sylvia closed the door of his room.
Suggested answer:
Sylvia closed the door of David's room, as if / as though it were him that was making the noise.




Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1. Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an American psychologist. Titchener's theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself.
Suggested answer:
这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是“同感”的原始技术含义，而“同感”这个词于20世纪20年代由美国心理学家E.B.铁钦纳首次使用。铁钦纳的理论是：同感发自对他人痛苦的一种身体模仿，这种模仿继而在自身引起同样的心理感受。


2. He sought a word that would be distinct from sympathy, which can be felt for the general plight of another with no sharing whatever of what that other person is feeling. Motor mimicry fades from toddlers' repertoire at around two and a half years, at which point they realize that someone else's pain is different from their own, and are better able to comfort them.
Suggested answer:
他当时在寻找一个与同情有所区别的词；同情是针对他人的一般困境而发的，无须分担他人的任何感受。小孩两岁半左右就渐渐不再有运动神经模仿行为，那时他们会意识到别人的痛苦与自己的不同，会更有能力安慰别人。


3. I also love the split-second shocked expression on the new people, the hasty smiles and their best imitations of what they think of as their "normal faces". If they do the ritual well enough I turn my head ever so slightly and tuck my hair behind one of my e

ars, whichever one's closer to them.
Suggested answer:
我也喜欢生人脸上那瞬间的震惊表情、匆忙的微笑和他们竭力装出的“正常脸色”。如果他们这套仪式做得够好，我就会微微转过头，把头发掖到离他们较近的那只耳朵后面。


4. "I mostly just read lips because it was easier to pick up than signing, although that's not the only reason I was staring at your lips," I told him. He laughed. We talked more, and then the host upped the music volume and dimmed the lights for the "dance floor", and I had to lean in much, much closer to be able to continue reading his lips in the semi-darkness. And read his lips I did.
Suggested answer:
我告诉他说：“我基本上只读唇语，因为这比用手语更容易，但这不是我一直盯着你的嘴唇的唯一原因。”他大笑起来。我们又说了一会儿话。后来，主人放大音乐的音量，调暗“舞池”的灯光；我不得不凑近他，近得多得多，以便能在昏暗中接着读他的唇语。我的确读到了他的唇语。




Translate the sentences into English.

1. 一看见抽屉里的那些老照片，我的眼泪就涌了出来。它们让我想起了我跟爷爷奶奶、爸爸妈妈、兄弟姐妹一起生活的美好时光。(the moment; well up)
Suggested answer:
The moment I saw those old photos in the drawer, tears welled up in my eyes, for my memory went back to the days when I lived happily with my grandparents, my parents and my brothers and sisters.


2. 有个学生踩到地上的一滩水滑倒了。周围的人反应各异，有的关心地走上前去看他是否受伤了、能为他做点什么；有的则站在一边不知所措；有的干脆就不理。(diverge from; approach; confuse over; tune out)
Suggested answer:
When a student slipped on a pool of water and fell over, people's reaction diverged from one another. Some approached caringly to see if he was hurt and if they could help; some just stood there confusing over what to do about it; while others just tuned out.


3. 上星期六上午，我像往常一样去超市购物。我刚要打开车门，却发现没带钱包。我只好回家去找，可是哪儿也找不到。(do the usual; do nothing but; fail to do)
Suggested answer:
Last Saturday morning, I did the usual and went shopping in the supermarket. When I was about to open the door of my car, I found that I did not have my wallet on me. I could do nothing but go back home in search of it, but I failed to find it anywhere.


4. 我上小学二年级的时候，我们班有个同学得到的生日礼物是一辆红色的遥控车。我们大家只有羡慕的份，却不能也去买一辆，因为那种遥控车很贵，而且还是在香港买的，那时候在我们看来香港和纽约一样遥不可及。(could only; as far as)
Suggested answer:
When I was a second grader, one of my classmates got a red radio-controlled toy car

as a birthday gift. The rest of us could only admire, but could not imitate, because the car was expensive and was bought in Hong Kong, a place which seemed to us as far away as New York at that time.




Unit3
1.b a b b a




Look at the sentence from the passage Stolen identity. And then complete the sentences so that they're true for you, even if you prefer to think they're not.


Example:

There is no escaping the fact that right now fraudsters are finding identity crime all too easy.

1. There is no escaping the fact that when I speak English, . Suggested answer
I make a lot of mistakes

2. There is no escaping the fact that when I go online, . Suggested answer
I waste a lot of time chatting to people about nothing

3. There is no escaping the fact that when I do an assignment, . Suggested answer
I always start it too late

4. There is no escaping the fact that when I go back home to see my parents, . Suggested answer
I spend too much time on the phone instead of talking to them

5. There is no escaping the fact that when I stay up late, . Suggested answer
I am useless in class the next day

6. There is no escaping the fact that when I go shopping, . Suggested answer
I spend far too much money



3.b b a b a b b a b b




Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1. That was the strapline of the 2002 film Catch Me If You Can, which tells the story of Frank Abagnale, Jr. (Leonardo DiCaprio), a brilliant young master of deception who at different times impersonated a doctor, a lawyer, and an airplane pilot, forging checks worth more than six million dollars in 26 countries. He became the youngest man to ever make the FBI's most-wanted list for forgery.
Suggested answer:
这是2002年的电影《有种来抓我》的剧情简介。影片讲述了小弗兰克?阿巴格纳尔（莱昂纳多?迪卡普里奥饰演）的故事。影片主人公是一位聪明绝顶的年轻骗术大师，曾在不同时间扮演医生、律师和飞行员的角色，在26个国家伪造了价值600万美元以上的支票。他成了联邦调查局有史以来伪造罪头号通缉令名单上最年轻的通缉犯。


2. Since 2003, identity theft has become increasingly common. Few people could imagine how important things like taking mail to the post office and not leaving it in the mailbox for pickup, shredding documents instead of throwing them out with the trash, even using a pen costing a couple of bucks, have become to avoid life-changing crimes.
Suggested answer:
2003年以来，身份盗窃案变得越来越常见。很少有人会想象到，为了预防这种改变人生的犯罪，采取一些预防措施有多么重要，比如把邮件拿到邮局去寄而不是丢在信箱里等人来取、把文件切碎而不是直接把它们连同垃圾一道扔出去，甚至使用几美元一

支的（特效）笔等等。


3. If we've learned one thing from terrorists, not to mention action movies, it's that a tool is also a weapon. Globally accepted credit cards and the databases that support them are tools for taking the friction out of commerce. That's another way of saying that they're tools for extracting money from people with minimum effort on everyone's part.
Suggested answer:
假如说我们从恐怖分子那里—更不用说从动作电影那里——学到了一招，那就是，工具也是武器。全球通用的信用卡和支持它们的数据库是去除商业摩擦的工具。换句话说，它们是以让各方最省事的方式从人们那里取钱的工具。


4. Wherever universal identification leads, we don't yet know how to manage a world in which everything can be linked to me, wherever I am. We don't know yet how to balance the undoubted convenience of this world with the peril—vague, but apparently near—that we sense in the presence of all that information combined and consolidated, if only logically.
Suggested answer:
无论通用身份的前景如何，我们尚不知道该如何应付这样一个世界：无论我身在何处，一切都可能与我有关联。一方面，这个世界给我们提供了无可置疑的种种方便；另一方面，我们又面对着所有这些强化组合的信息（如果是合理的强化组合该多好啊）所带来的种种危险。这种危险虽然模糊，但显然离我们很近。我们尚不知如何在两者之间保持平衡。




Translate the sentences into English.

1. 这些文件很重要，内容要绝对保密。如果要处理掉的话，应先把它们切碎或撕掉，而不是直接当垃圾扔掉。(content of which; tear up; instead of)
Suggested answer:
These are important documents, the content of which should be kept strictly confidential. If you need to dispose of them, you must shred them or tear them up instead of throwing them out with the trash.


2. 现在，伪造支票、身份证和信用卡之类的白领犯罪已变得相当普遍。尽管我们学会了许多防止被骗的招数，可是看起来我们随时都可能被骗。(forge; prevent ... from）
Suggested answer:
Nowadays, white-collar crimes such as forging checks, ID cards and credit cards have become very common. Though we have learnt much about how to prevent ourselves from being cheated, it seems that we could be its victims at any time.


3. 地震已过去了好几个月，生活恢复了正常。人们与平时一样忙着各自的事情。但一个无法回避的事实是，地震给人们带来的精神创伤也许永远无法抹去。(go about; there is no escaping the fact that ...; mental trauma; wipe out)
Suggested answer:
It has been several months since the earthquake. Life has returned to normal, and people are busy going about their business. But there is no escaping the fact that the mental trauma the earthquake

brought to people will never be wiped out.


4. 为什么说一个图书馆拥有大量可供随时阅览的新书及电子图书资源很重要呢？因为那样的话，学者们就可以了解自己学科领域里的最新进展，知道自己的研究是否有价值。(matter; readily availabe to; if so)
Suggested answer:
Why does it matter that a library has many new books and electronic resources readily available to the readers? This is because if so, the scholars know the latest development in their own fields and know whether their research is valuable.



Unit4
Replace the underlined words with compounds made from down and the words in brackets.

1. I'm going to the centre of town tonight. (town)
Your replacement: Correct answer
downtown

2. I need to transfer this data onto my computer. (load)
Your replacement: Correct answer
download

3. I'm afraid they're going to move me to a job which is less important. (grade)
Your replacement: Correct answer
downgrade

4. The editor's office is on the floor below this one. (stairs)
Your replacement: Correct answer
downstairs

5. Why have you bought such a cheap and popular tabloid? (market)
Your replacement: Correct answer
downmarket

6. There has been a sharp fall in demand in recent months. (turn)
Your replacement: Correct answer
downturn



Replace the underlined words with phrasal verbs made from the verbs in brackets and down.

1. House prices began to fall a few months ago. (go)
Your replacement: Correct answer
go down

2. I applied for a job with the local paper, but they didn't offer it to me. (turn)
Your replacement: Correct answer
turned me down

3. They always criticize the education minister on that programme. (run)
Your replacement: Correct answer
run down

4. You are expected to leave the position after three years as president. (stand)
Your replacement: Correct answer
stand down

5. It's time we all started to work. (get)
Your replacement: Correct answer
got down

6. For centuries these stories have been transmitted from one generation to the next. (hand)
Your replacement: Correct answer
handed down

7. The government lowered interest rates in order to tackle inflation. (bring)
Your replacement: Correct answer
brought down

8. She started crying when she heard the news. (break)
Your replacement: Correct answer
broke down



Rewrite the sentences using by someone + participle. Follow the example.


Example:

Technicians were worried that the mouse could chew through wires. Eventually they caught it.

The mouse was eventually caught by a group of technicians worried that the mouse could chew through wir

es.


1. A lot of people were interested in the results of the match. They all bought the late-night edition of the paper.
Suggested answer:
The late-night edition of the paper was bought by a lot of people interested in the results of the match.


2. Photographers were determined to get a photo of the princess. They followed her across the town.
Suggested answer:
The princess was followed across the town by photographers determined to get a photo of her.


3. Millions of people watched the programme. They were hoping to win the star prize.
Suggested answer:
The programme was watched by millions of people hoping to win the star prize.


4. Two children set off the alarm. They had been startled to hear a noise in the back room.
Suggested answer:
The alarm was set off by two children startled to hear a noise in the back room.


5. The mother of one of the boys contacted the police. She was worried that he might have got lost.
Suggested answer:
The police were contacted by one of the boys' mothers worried that he might have got lost.


6. The editor was hoping to be the first to break the news. He changed the front-page headlines.
Suggested answer:
The front-page headlines were changed by the editor hoping to be the first to break the news.


7. More and more people are reading online editions of the newspapers. They don't want to buy the traditional edition.
Suggested answer:
Online editions of the newspapers are being read by more and more people not wanting to buy the traditional edition.



Now rewrite the sentences using So + inversion + that. Follow the example.


Example:

The news was so striking that years after the event, many people can still remember exactly what they were doing when they first heard it.

So striking was the news that, years after the event, many people can still remember exactly what they were doing when they first heard it.


1. The newsreader's accent was so odd that I couldn't understand what she was saying.
Suggested answer:
So odd was the newsreader's accent that I couldn't understand what she was saying.


2. The language on that programme was so incredibly bad that I switched off the TV.
Suggested answer:
So incredibly bad was the language on that programme that I switched off the TV.


3. The story was so exaggerated that it had to be completely rewritten.
Suggested answer:
So exaggerated was the story that it had to be completely rewritten.


4. One of the trainees was so careless that he left his notebook at the scene of the crime.
Suggested answer:
So careless was one of the trainees that he left his notebook at the scene of the crime.


5. The distance from one region to the next was so great that we had to travel by plane.
Suggested answer:
So great was the distance from one region to the next that we had to travel by plane.


6. Frank's reactions were so slow that he wasn't able to avoid hitting the car

in front.
Suggested answer:
So slow were Frank's reactions that he wasn't able to avoid hitting the car in front.




Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1. The objective importance of an event is obviously not enough—there are plenty of enormous global issues out there, with dramatic consequences, from poverty to global warming—but since they are ongoing, they don't all make the headlines on the same day. 9/11, in contrast, was not just international, but odd, unexpected, and (in the sense that it was possible to identify with the plight of people caught up in the drama) very human.
Suggested answer:
一个事件光有客观重要性显然还不够——世界上有大量全球性的大问题，都会造成戏剧性的后果，从贫困问题到全球变暖问题——但由于它们都是进行中的，并不都会在同一天成为头条。对比之下，9/11不仅具有国际性，而且奇特怪异、出人意料，还（可能使读者对身陷那场悲剧中的人们的痛苦感同身受，从这个意义上讲）极具人性。


2. But TV news is not necessarily more objective or reliable than a newspaper report, since the images you are looking at on your screen have been chosen by journalists or editors with specific objectives, or at least following set guidelines, and they are shown from a unique viewpoint. By placing the camera somewhere else you would get a different picture.
Suggested answer:
但是，电视新闻未必比报纸报道更客观或更可靠，因为你在屏幕上看到的图像是经记者或编辑根据特殊的目的，或至少是按照预定指示筛选过的；它们是从一个独特的视点展现给观众的。如果把摄像机移到别的地方，你就会看到另一番景象。


3. The Internet provides an easy outlet for anyone with an opinion, and there's nothing a newspaper editor likes more for reassurance about their work than feedback and opinions, as diverse as possible. Teenagers today don't remember a time when they didn't have the Internet, and reading a newspaper is something they only do if they have an assignment to write about the specific medium of print journalism.
Suggested answer:
互联网为任何有意见的人提供了一个便利的窗口；报纸编辑最喜欢的莫过于给他们提供各种不同的反馈和意见，他们能从中得到安慰。如今十几岁的少年已不记得曾经没有互联网的日子了；只有在写关于印刷新闻这一特定媒体的作业时他们才去读报。


4. So maybe the newspaper won't die without a struggle. Trends for the future of newspaper include an increased demand for local news, and the continued exploitation of lifestyle journalism, which began in the late 1980s, especially within personal finance and travel, will create new revenue streams.
Suggested answer:
如此看来，报纸是不会轻易消失的。未来报纸发展的趋势包括对本地新闻需求的日益增长，而始

于20世纪80年代后期的对生活方式新闻的持续开发利用——尤其在个人理财和旅游方面——将会创造新的收入来源。




Translate the sentences into English.

1. 这个消息来得如此突然、如此令人震惊，我在沙发上呆呆地坐了几分钟。我的第一本能反应就是赶紧打电话把这件事告诉领导，看看我们能为那些在这起交通事故中死伤的同事做些什么。(so ... that; first instinct)
Suggested answer:
So sudden, so striking was the news that I sat motionless on sofa for a few minutes. My first instinct was to call our leaders to tell them what had happened and see what we could do for those colleagues who died or got injured in this traffic accident.


2. 纸版的儿童图书与电子书相比有很大的优势。对孩子们来说，一本印刷精美的纸版书不仅是一本书也是一个玩具。读纸版书的感觉与在屏幕上读书的感觉是很不同的。(have advantage over; be different from)
Suggested answer:
Paper books for children have an enormous advantage over e-books. For children, a beautifully printed paper book is not only a book but also a toy they can play with. Reading a paper book is rather different from reading a book on the screen.


3. 近年来，传统媒体呈现出衰退的趋势，新媒体迅速发展。尽管如此，这并不一定意味着传统媒体已失去市场。若谈到阅读新闻之类，人们还是习惯于像报纸这样的传统媒体。(in the tendency of; not necessarily; when it comes to ...)
Suggested answer:
In recent years, traditional media are in the tendency of decline and new media are developing rapidly. However, this does not necessarily mean that trational media have lost the market. When it comes to reading things like news, people are still used to such traditional media as newspaper.


4. 随着金融危机的爆发，许多企业陷入了困境。对于那些因缺乏流动资金无法进行再生产又不想让恶性循环继续下去的企业，他们唯一能做的事情就是向政府求助。(find oneself in difficulty; turn to)
Suggested answer:
With the explosion of the financial crisis, many enterprises find themselves in difficulties. For those who have no circulating fund to invest in new production and would not let the vicious circle continue, the only thing they can do is to turn to government for help.



Unit5
Complete the sentences with the words in brackets and the appropriate prefix up- or under-.

1. I had to swim for a long way to get out of their sight. (water) Correct answer
underwater

2. What's happened since I've been away? Can you me? (date) Correct answer
update

3. The first rule in any combat is: Never your enemy. (estimate) Correct answer
underestimate

4. My men spent most of the morning carrying heavy equipment . (hill) Correct answer

uphill

5. As he didn't have his bathing costume with him, the child went swimming in his . (pants) Correct answer
underpants

6. This computer isn't very powerful. I need an . (grade) Correct answer
upgrade

7. You should stand to salute the General. (right) Correct answer
upright

8. In London the subway is known as the . (ground) Correct answer
Underground




Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Can you send me a text message when you arrive? (text)
Your replacement: Correct answer
text

2. I would like to make a video of this scene. (video)
Your replacement: Correct answer
video

3. Samantha is taken to school by bus every morning. (bus)
Your replacement: Correct answer
bussed

4. How can I get access to your account without the password? (access)
Your replacement: Correct answer
access

5. About 100 people moved in a crowd into the waiting room. (crowd)
Your replacement: Correct answer
crowded

6. I've already sent you my reply by mail. (mail)
Your replacement: Correct answer
mailed

7. That's a lot of money you've got there. I think you should put it in the bank. (bank)
Your replacement: Correct answer
bank

8. Scientists have succeeded in making a map of the human genome. (map)
Your replacement: Correct answer
mapping



Rewrite the sentences, using the expressions in brackets.

1. One day he will be able to speak fluent English. ( the day will come)
Suggested answer:
The day will come when he will be able to speak fluent English.


2. You'll both have to get a job one day. (the time will come)
Suggested answer:
The time will come when you'll both have to get a job.


3. One day you will have a chance to write about the experience. (there will come a day)
Suggested answer:
There will come a day when you will have a chance to write about the experience.


4. Perhaps one day I will understand. (the day will come)
Suggested answer:
Perhaps the day will come when I will understand.




Rewrite the sentences using what must it be / have been like. Follow the example.


Example:

It's very bad in Holland. I wonder what it's like in those faraway and uncivilized places where the Germans are sending them.

If it's that bad in Holland, what must it be like in those faraway and uncivilized places where the Germans are sending them?


1. It's very cold here. I wonder how cold it is in Scotland.
Suggested answer:
If it's very cold here, what must it be like in Scotland?


2. Houses are expensive in this part of the country. I wonder how expensive they are in Paris.
Suggested answer:
If houses are expensive in this part of the country, what

must they be like in Paris?


3. The reading list is rather long in the first year. I wonder how long it will be in the second year.
Suggested answer:
If the reading list is rather long in the first year, what must it be like in the second year?


4. Incomes are very low here. I wonder how low they were a hundred years ago.
Suggested answer:
If incomes are very low here, what must they have been like a hundred years ago?


5. The rules are completely crazy in peacetime. I wonder how crazy they are during wartime.
Suggested answer:
If the rules are completely crazy in peacetime, what must they have been like during wartime?


6. Life is hard now. I wonder how hard it was during the Middle Ages.
Suggested answer:
If life is hard now, what must it have been like during the Middle Ages?




Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1. It was a horrible joke, but Doc Daneeka didn't laugh until Yossarian came to him one mission later and pleaded again, without any real expectation of success, to be grounded. Doc Daneeka snickered once and was soon immersed in problems of his own, which included Chief White Halfoat, who had been challenging him all that morning to Indian wrestle, and Yossarian, who decided right then and there to go crazy.
Suggested answer:
那是个粗鲁的玩笑，可是达尼卡大夫并没有笑，直到约萨里安又执行了一次任务之后，再次来求他 要求停飞——尽管这没有任何指望。达尼卡大夫窃笑了一下，很快又沉浸到他自己的麻烦中去了，这包括怀特?哈夫特指挥官那天早上一直在向他挑战，要和他比印度式摔跤，而约萨里安则恰恰在彼时彼地决定要发疯。


2. There was only one catch and that was catch-22, which specified that a concern for one's own safety in the face of dangers that were real and immediate was the process of a rational mind. Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions.
Suggested answer:
只有一个诡局，那就是第二十二条军规，它规定：在面对真正的、紧迫的危险时考虑到自身安全是理智的思维过程。奥尔疯了，因此可以停飞。他只须提出请求；而一旦他提出请求，他就不再是疯子，就得去执行更多的飞行任务。


3. Our many Jewish friends and acquaintances are being taken away in droves. The Gestapo is treating them very roughly and transporting them in cattle cars to Westerbork, the big camp in Drenthe to which they're sending all the Jews ... If it's that bad in Holland, what must it be like in those faraway and uncivilized places where the Germans are sending them?
Suggested answer:
我们的许多犹太人朋友和熟人都被成群地带走了。盖世太保对他们非常粗暴，用运牲口的拖车把他们运送到德伦特最大的集中营威斯特伯克，他们把所有犹太人都遣

送到那里。……如果说在荷兰都这么糟，那么在德国人送他们去的那些遥远的蛮荒之地又会是什么样呢？


4. The voice that comes across is of a solitary young girl writing for herself, yet at the same time it is the cry of all those innocent victims of evil whose fate was to suffer in the Second World War. That is why Anne Frank's diary has achieved fame as the voice of the Holocaust in which six million Jews were murdered: She speaks for all of humanity.
Suggested answer:
它传来的是一个孤独少女的声音，她为自己写作，但同时也是所有无辜受邪恶迫害者的呐喊，他们的命运就是在第二次世界大战期间受难。这就是安妮?弗兰克的日记被誉为犹太人大屠杀（其间有六百万犹太人被杀害）之声的原因：她的话代表了全人类的心声。




Translate the sentences into English.

1. 虽然遇到了很多困难，但在他的带领下，公司产品打开了销路，总体形势也有了好转。为了表彰他的突出贡献，公司决定奖励他一套住房。(come across; for the better; in recognition of)
Suggested answer:
Though they came across many difficulties, under his leadership they successfully found a market for their products, and the overall situation was changing for the better. In recognition of his outstanding contributions, the company decided to give him a flat as an award.


2. 当约翰向他挑战，要跟他比击剑的时候，他感到非常尴尬，因为他自知剑术不高，不是约翰的对手。如果他接受挑战，他肯定会输；可如果不接受呢，他就是个懦夫。(challenge ... to)
Suggested answer:
When John challenged him to fencing, he was very embarrassed because he knew that he was no match for John at it. If he took the challenge, he would surely lose; but if he didn't, he would be a coward.


3. 他昨天感冒了。我们本以为他好好睡一晚上之后会好起来，所以今天早上就送他去上学了。但是下午放学回家时他发起烧来，不得不卧床休息。(assume; confine to)
Suggested answer:
He caught a cold yesterday. Assuming that he would get better after a good night's sleep, we sent him to school this morning. But later in the afternoon, he got back home with a fever and was confined to bed.


4. 在过去的几年里，我得了几次重病，一直在贫困状态中生活，但是我没有放弃我的梦想。无论发生什么事，我总是坚守我的梦想，而梦想对我来说也变成了极大的支持和安慰。(abandon; in spite of; cling to)
Suggested answer:
In the past few years, I have had several severe illnesses and lived in a state of poverty, but I have never abandoned my dreams. In spite of everything I clung to my dreams, which have turned out to be a great support and comfort to me.



Unit6
1. Correct answer
1. (b) for saying that you had the ability, means, money or knowledge

to do something
2. (b) for saying that you had the ability, means, money or knowledge to do something
3. (a) as the past tense of can for saying that you saw, heard, felt, tasted, smelled, understood or remembered something
4. (d) used with certain verbs to mean you have a good reason to do or think something
5. (a) as the past tense of can for saying that you saw, heard, felt, tasted, smelled, understood or remembered something
6. (c) used only in negatives for emphasizing that something should not happen or continue
7. (a) as the past tense of can for saying that you saw, heard, felt, tasted, smelled, understood or remembered something




2. Correct answer
1. (a) is a conditional?
2. (c) means that someone didn't succeed in doing something?
3. (b) means that someone succeeded in doing something?
4. (e) means it is possible that someone might win something?
5. (d) means someone did win something?



3.a a b b b a a a




Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.

1. strain When you feel strain, you feel pressure caused by a difficult situation or physical effort. So when are you likely to:
(a) take the strain?

Suggested answer:
When things are difficult and you have to deal with the pressure, eg before taking exams or when you start your first job.

(b) feel eye strain?

Suggested answer:
Try not to look at the computer screen for too many hours or you'll feel eye strain. Every now and then you really need to rest your eyes.

(c) be under strain?

Suggested answer:
I'm sorry I was a bit impatient just now. Actually, I've been under strain with my work recently and I need to relax more.

(d) find it is a strain to hear something?

Suggested answer:
Do you mind turning the music down just a little bit? I've got a splitting headache and I find it's a strain to hear heavy rock music just at the moment ... That's better, thanks!

2. stretch When you stretch something you make it as long or as straight as possible.
(a) What does it look like when you stretch out your arms?

Suggested answer:
It could look like a large cross or perhaps as if you're trying to give someone a warm welcome, with a hug.

(b) What do you do when you stretch your legs?

Suggested answer:
It normally means that you go out for a short walk, but occasionally it means that you stretch your legs out straight from a sitting position, eg when you are sitting on a plane.

(c) What is the traffic like if it stretches as far as the eye can see?

Suggested answer:
It's bad! It means that there is a long line of vehicles, like a traffic jam, going right into the far distance.

(d) How do you feel when someone stretches your patience?

Suggested answer:
You feel a bit frustrated or annoyed or even angry, but you do your best to stay in control and stay patient.

3. clue A clue is an object or fact which he

lps you solve a crime or mystery.
(a) What is a crossword clue?

Suggested answer:
It's a word or phrase that helps you to find the answer in a crossword — a word game in which the answers are written in words in rows of squares that cross each other. Generally, some letters in one word appear in another word. The clues can be easy or difficult: Difficult ones often have tricks with words, double meanings or references to wide general knowledge.

(b) How much do you know or understand if you don't have a clue?

Suggested answer:
If you haven't got a clue, then you don't know or understand much at all!

4. punch A punch is an act of hitting someone or something as hard as you can.
(a) Which part of a joke is the punch line?

Suggested answer:
The punch line is usually the last few words of a joke that make the joke funny.

(b) What happens in a punch-up?

Suggested answer:
People fight in a rough or violent way (punching each other).

(c) What do you do if you pull your punches?

Suggested answer:
You express something negative a lot less strongly because, say, you do not want to upset or shock people, so you are gentler with your words (pull means pull back, to limit or stop a punch). "Don't pull your punches" is the opposite: You express your feelings, opinions or criticism very clearly, without considering other people's feelings at all.



Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1. The rain had started to fall gently through the evening air as darkness descended over Sydney. Hundreds of lights illuminated Stadium Australia, and the noise was deafening. As I walked towards the track I glanced around me at the sea of faces in the stands, but my mind was focused. The Olympic gold medal was just minutes away, hanging tantalisingly in the distance.
Suggested answer:
当夜幕降临悉尼时，雨也开始悄悄地从夜空中飘落。几百盏灯把澳大利亚体育场照得灯火通明，场内的声音震耳欲聋。走向跑道时我看了一眼四周看台上无数的脸，但我的注意力还是很集中。再过几分钟奥运金牌的归属就要见分晓了，它悬挂在远处，很诱人。


2. I knew I would do my best, that I would run my heart out and finish the race. I felt the performer in me move in and take over. I had just two laps to run, that was all. Just two laps until the emotional and physical strain of the past two days and the last 28 years would be eclipsed by victory or failure. This race was all about survival.
Suggested answer:
我知道自己会全力以赴，拼尽全力跑完全程。我感觉自己已经进入最佳状态。我只要跑两圈就行了，就两圈。跑完这两圈，过去两天以及28年来所有情感和身体上的辛苦付出就将被胜利或者失败所淹没。这一跑真是生死攸关。


3. I understand—it's hard to get excited about a foreign sport if you didn't grow up with it. Now I'm colliding with this same cultural

barrier. The World Cup soccer tournament begins on June 9 and I will have no clue what's going on out there on the "pitch". It seems a good time to blow the whistle on the so-called beautiful game.
Suggested answer:
我知道，如果一个人不是从小就接触某项外来的运动，他就很难对它感兴趣。现在我正遭遇同样的文化壁垒。6月9号世界杯足球赛就要开始了，而我对球员在"球场"上干些什么却一无所知。看起来这是给这个所谓的精彩赛事揭短的一次大好机会。


4. Periodically a player gets an elbow in the face and goes down writhing. The clock stops while little men with black bags rush over and massage his phonybaloney injury, after which he jumps up good as new. The player who elbowed him gets something called a "yellow card", a mild reprimand.
Suggested answer:
时不时地会有球员脸上挨了一肘，躺在草地上痛苦地翻腾。这时会暂停计时，几个提着黑包的小个子男人会跑过来按摩他那假装、胡说的受伤部位，然后他又活蹦乱跳地站起来。那位肘击他的球员会得到一张叫"黄牌"的东西：一种温和的惩戒。




Translate the sentences into English.

1. 当他知道自己未能入选校队时，他哭得很伤心，毕竟他经历了几个月的艰苦训练和激烈竞争，也学会了如何熟练地准确投篮。(cry one's heart out; go through)
Suggested answer:
He cried his heart out when he heard that he was not in the list of the school team. After all, he had gone through months of hard training and gruelling competition, and had learned how to shoot with great skill and accuracy.


2. 那位以严格闻名的教练从一开始就要求队员抛弃一切杂念，超越他们的极限，以确保他们能在第29届北京奥林匹克运动会上摘得一枚奖牌。(mean for sb to do sth; from the start; push ... beyond limits)
Suggested answer:
The coach, who was known for his strictness, had meant from the very start for all the players to shut out all the distracting thoughts and push themselves beyond their limits to ensure that they win a medal at the 29th Olympic Games held in Beijing.


3. 新教练接管了球队后，时时牢记自己的使命，并最终带领球队取得了联赛冠军。在接受采访时，教练激动得说不出话来。(take over; bear in mind; make it; at a loss for words)
Suggested answer:
Since after he took over the team, the new coach has always borne in mind his mission and finally made it to the championship of the league matches. When interviewed, the coach was at a loss for words because of excitement.


4. 足球是一项很奇妙的运动。虽然最后的比赛结果往 往是 0—0, 1—0, 2—1, 但是这丝毫不影响人们去观看比赛。对我来说，足球的魅力到底在哪里一直是个谜。(flock; remain)
Suggested answer:
Football is an amazing sport. Despite the fact that most finals are 0—

0, 1—0 or 2—1, people keep flocking to see football games. For me, it remains a mystery what is so attracting about football.




Unit7
1.a



Rewrite the sentences using in other words.

1. Scientists used to believe that animals were like machines programmed to react to stimuli. They were not considered capable of feeling or thinking, and certainly not of understanding abstract concepts.
Suggested answer:
Scientists used to believe that animals were like machines programmed to react to stimuli, in other words, they were not considered capable of feeling or thinking, and certainly not of understanding abstract concepts.


2. Our perceptions of animals are filtered through our own human understanding of the world and we often project human feelings and thoughts onto other creatures.
Suggested answer:
Our perceptions of animals are filtered through our own human understanding of the world, in other words, we often project human feelings and thoughts onto other creatures.


3. In his book The Descent of Man, published in 1871, he questioned whether higher mental abilities such as self-consciousness and memory were limited to human beings. Darwin speculated that human and non-human minds aren't all that different.
Suggested answer:
In his book The Descent of Man, published in 1871, he questioned whether higher mental abilities such as self-consciousness and memory were limited to human beings, in other words, Darwin speculated that human and non-human minds aren't all that different.



Rewrite the sentences using go so far as to.

1. Soren said if a burglar came, Hogahn would probably lick him.
Suggested answer:
Soren said if a burglar came, Hogahn would go so far as to lick him.


2. Hogahn was so protective that he barked at anyone who came near the house.
Suggested answer:
Hogahn was so protective that he went so far as to bark at anyone who came near the house.


3. I even thought of Hogahn as my first grandchild.
Suggested answer:
I went so far as to think of Hogahn as my first grandchild.


4. In the past scientists believed that animals were not capable of feeling or thinking.
Suggested answer:
In the past scientists went so far as to believe that animals were not capable of feeling or thinking.


5. Darwin argued that animals face the same challenges and have the same basic needs as humans.
Suggested answer:
Darwin went so far as to argue that animals face the same challenges and have the same basic needs as humans.


6. Scientists now ask if animals have feelings and intelligence, should it affect the way we treat them?
Suggested answer:
Scientists now go so far as to ask if animals have feelings and intelligence, should it affect the way we treat them?



Look at the words and their definitions. Complete the sentences with the words.


army a group of people
bunch a group of fruit or flowers which grow together
flock a group of birds, she

ep or goats
herd a group of large animals, like cattle
school a group of fish
swarm a group of insects



1. Having a concept of numbers helps geese to keep track of their . Correct answer
flock

2. We were attacked by an angry of bees, but no one got stung. Correct answer
swarm

3. On safari in Africa you can see a(n) of elephants on the plain. Correct answer
herd

4. Our boat was surrounded by a large of dolphins. Correct answer
school

5. The pop singer was greeted by a huge of fans. Correct answer
army

6. When someone is in hospital it's traditional to bring them some chocolates, or a(n) of grapes. Correct answer
bunch



Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the collocation box. Sometimes more than one collocation is possible.


Nouns which often go after: abstract concept idea principle reasoning
animal instinct intelligence lover rights
human being body nature society



1. Mark has three dogs. He's a real . Correct answer
(1) animal
(2) lover

2. The average contains between four and five litres of blood. Correct answer
(1) human
(2) body

3. Scientists are trying to prove whether animals are capable of . Correct answer
(1) abstract
(2) reasoning

4. Survival is a basic common to all creatures. Correct answer
(1) animal
(2) instinct

5. There has always been conflict and war in the world. You can't change . Correct answer
(1) human
(2) nature

6. Animals don't understand like art, culture and society. Correct answer
(1) abstract
(2) concepts



Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1. I had tossed sticks for him before and knew the approximate distance they would go, depending upon their weight and my motion. This stick, however, caught a gust and, flying where the sheet wanted to go, sailed across the yard, over the fence, and, with a fine skater's touch, glided onto the pond.
Suggested answer:
我以前也经常这样为他扔木头。根据木头的不同重量和我动作的大小，我知道它们大概能飞多远。但这块木头赶上了一阵疾风，朝着床单想去的方向飞过了院子，越过了围栏，最后以溜冰高手般的优美动作滑进湖水里。


2. The next moment I was standing in the water and Hogahn was swimming toward me, breaking the ice with his front paws. He seemed a little startled by the intrusion of the ice in his path, but definitely in control. I went as far as I could until the pond bottom sank down under my weight and the ice water penetrated my jacket, and I stood and waited.
Suggested answer:
接下来的一瞬间我已经站在水里，霍根用前爪破