新托福阅读-句子简化题
托福阅读句子简化题的解题方法
托福阅读句子简化题的解题方法
句子简化题主要考察我们的paraphrase（在此可以简单理解为用比原文简单的语言来替换原文）的能力。
因此原文句式结构往往比较复杂，词汇相对比较高级，而且需要我们有比较强的逻辑分析能力。
正确选项往往会在句子结构，语法以及词汇上做改动，比如主动变被动，复合句变成简单句，同义词改写。
但是我们也不要被它吓到，只要我们有一定词汇基础（四级就可以），并掌握其解题技巧，正确解答此题还是不难的。
句子简化题的主要解题步骤是：
1.分析原句的逻辑关系，比如：转折，让步，递进，对比，等等。
2.扫描选项是否有对应的逻辑关系，如果不一样，立即排除该选项。
3.划出原句的核心词汇及概念，这些词往往是动作的发出者：主语，动作：谓语，以及动作的接受者：宾语。
4.把剩下的选项和原文进行快速比对，作出正确选择。
例1：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
Some people have argued that the Pacific was settled by traders who became lost while transporting domesticated plants and animals.。
左老师TOEFL托福阅读题型精讲6——句子简化题
○Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people. ○Slowing down the process of descause of population growth that has spread over large areas of land. ○The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort. ○Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.
第一部分：审题和思考
New Oriental School Luoyang Branch —— TOEFL Teaching Group —— Joanna ／zuo5601159289
TOEFL Reading
题型分类——句子简化题
New Oriental School Luoyang Branch TOEFL Teaching Group —— Joanna ／zuo5601159289
CONTENTS
审题和思考
逻辑运用
简化难点
补充例题
审题和思考
New Oriental School Luoyang Branch —— TOEFL Teaching Group —— Joanna ／zuo5601159289
托福阅读备考：句子简化题答题技巧
在托福阅读的十大题型中，句子简化题也是其中尤为突显其特色的一种题目类型。
句子简化题在新托福阅读考试中通常一篇文章只有一题，虽然量不多，但是如果考生的语法很棒，这种题可谓是“送分题”。
因为这种题型的主要考查目的是：考查考生们理解文章中某一特定复杂句子所传达的基本内容，并不受细枝末节的干扰，用简化的句子表达原句基本内容的能力。
因此，考生们的语法水平在解题过程中就显得尤为重要。
以OG Practice Set 4 (Aggression)中的第8题为例：The Cognitive Approach. Cognitive psychologists assert that our behavior is influenced by our values, by the ways in which we interpret our situations, and by choice. For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified – as during wartime – are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively.8. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential infor mation in the highlighted sentence Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.People who believe that they are fighting a just war act aggressively while those who believe that they are fighting an unjust war do not.People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified are more likely to act aggressively than those who believe differently.People who normally do not believe that aggression is necessary and justified may act aggressively during wartime.People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified do not necessarily act aggressively during wartime.分析：题目中阴影句子的主句为“people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified – as during wartime – are likely to act aggre ssively”，其中“who believe that aggression is necessary and justified”为people的定语从句，因此该主句部分翻译为“相信攻击或者侵略是必要和公正(就如在战争时期)的人可能会有攻击性或者侵略性行为”;而“whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively”是whereas引导的表示对比、对立或者直接相反的状语从句，其中“who believe that a particular war or act of aggression isunjust, or who think that aggression is never justified,”是该从句中限定“people”的定语从句，因此该状语从句意为“然而那些认为某场战争或侵略行为是不公正的，或者相信侵略是不合理的人，有攻击性或者侵略性行为的可能性更小一些”。
【实例解析】托福阅读考试6个句子简化题汇总
【实例解析】托福阅读考试6个句子简化题汇总
在新托福考试当中，阅读是第一个部分，一共会考到3篇或者4篇文章，每篇文章700-800字左右，每篇文章之后会有13-14个题目。
很多同学面对这样托福阅读文章，感觉无从下手。
而在备考托福阅读的过程中学会从题型下手，从实例内容逐个展开分析相信就会是一个不错的办法。
那么，在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福阅读句子简化题的实例分析汇总。
托福阅读句子简化题实例解析：Meteorite Impact
托福阅读句子简化题实例解析：Petroleum Resources
托福阅读句子简化题实例解析：Cave Art in Europe
托福阅读句子简化题实例分析：Deer Populations
托福阅读句子简化题实例分析：Electricity from Wind
托福阅读句子简化题实例解析：Opportunists and Competitors
点击索取更多托福阅读最新资料。
托福句子简化题考察要点
托福句子简化题考察要点1. 托福句子简化题难道不就是在考验你能不能像孙悟空一样火眼金睛，一眼看穿句子的核心？比如说这个句子：“The library has a vast collection of books, including rare manuscripts and modern bestsellers, which attract scholars and casual readers alike.” 简化一下，你能迅速找出重点吗？2. 托福句子简化题难道不是在逼你像个精明的侦探，从复杂的线索中找出关键？就像这个：“The artist's latest exhibition showcases a diverse range of styles, from traditional to avant-garde, captivating the audiencewith its innovation.” 你能快速理清头绪吗？3. 托福句子简化题难道不是像走迷宫，看你能不能找到正确的出口？比如“The new policy has led to significant changes in the educational system, positively influencing students' learning experiences and future prospects.” 你能顺利走出来吗？4. 托福句子简化题难道不是像解一团乱麻，看你有没有本事理清楚？像“The company's expansion plans involve opening new branches in multiple cities and in vesting in advanced technology to stay competitive.” 你能搞定这团麻吗？5. 托福句子简化题难道不就像在大海里捞珍珠，看你能不能准确抓到那颗最亮的？比如“The scientific research project requires a team ofexperts from various fields, such as physics and chemistry, to collaborateand achieve breakthroughs.” 你能捞到吗？6. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在一堆拼图中找出关键的那几块？比如说“The historical monument has survived through centuries, bearing witness to numerous significant events and cultural shifts.” 你能找出来吗？7. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在黑暗中寻找光明的那一丝线索？就像“The musical performance was a breathtaking spec tacle, combining stunning visuals and soul-stirring melodies.” 你能找到吗？8. 托福句子简化题难道不像是在茂密的森林中找出那条正确的小路？比如“The athlete's training regime is rigorous and demanding, involving intense workouts and strict diet control.” 你能找对吗？9. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在繁星中认出最亮的那颗？像“The novel presents a complex web of characters and their interwoven stories, keeping readers engaged until the very end.” 你能认出来吗？10. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在花丛中找出最美的那一朵？比如“The city's cultural festivals attract people from all walks of life, offering a vibrant showcase of art, music, and dance.” 你能找到吗？11. 托福句子简化题难道不就像在众多音符中找出那个主旋律？比如说“The documentary provides an in-depth look at the endangered species and the efforts to protect them.” 你能找出来吗？12. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在一堆宝石中鉴别出最珍贵的那颗？就像“The fashion show featured cutting-edge designs and bold color combinations, setting new trends in the industry.” 你能鉴别出来吗？13. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在一片混乱的色彩中找出主色调？比如“The tourist destination is renowned for its breathtaking natural beauty and rich historical heritage.” 你能找出来吗？14. 托福句子简化题难道不像是在一场混乱的辩论中抓住核心观点？比如说“The educational program aims to enhance students' critical thinking skills and creativity through various interactive activities.” 你能抓住吗？15. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在一场暴风雨中找到那一丝宁静的方向？就像“The charity event raised a substantial amount of funds, makinga significant di fference in the lives of those in need.” 你能找到吗？16. 托福句子简化题难道不就像在满是迷雾的道路上寻找清晰的路标？比如“The technological innovation has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information.” 你能找到吗？17. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在汹涌的波涛中稳住自己的船舵？比如说“The art exhibition displayed works of emerging artists, showcasing their unique perspectives and talents.” 你能稳住吗？18. 托福句子简化题难道不像是在一片嘈杂的声音中听清那关键的话语？就像“The economic report presents a comprehensive analysis of market trends and potential challenges.” 你能听清吗？19. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在一片混沌中找到那点亮光？比如“Th e sports tournament attracted top athletes from around the world, generating intense excitement among fans.” 你能找到吗？20. 托福句子简化题难道不就像在一堆乱码中解读出真正的信息？比如说“The environmental campaign raised public awareness about the importance of conservation and sustainable p ractices.” 你能解读出来吗？。
托福阅读-句子简化题
练习题三
要点一
总结词
识别句子中的修饰成分
要点二
详细描述
练习题三要求考生识别句子中的修饰成分，如形容词、副 词、介词短语等，并理解其在句子中的作用。通过练习， 考生可以增强对句子细节的把握能力，提高对复杂句子的 理解水平。
05备考建议与总结提高阅读速度与理解能力
大量阅读
01
通过阅读英文原著、新闻、学术论文等，提高阅读速度和理解
03
句子简化题实例解析
题目展示与解析
题目
The company has a strong commitment to environmental protection, and it has taken several measures to reduce its carbon footprint.
总结词
理解句子结构
VS
详细描述
通过练习题一，考生可以加深对句子结构 的理解，掌握如何识别主语、谓语、宾语 以及从句等关键成分，从而更好地理解句 子的意义。
练习题二
总结词
提炼句子主干
详细描述
练习题二要求考生提炼句子的主干，即主谓 宾结构，从而把握句子的核心信息。通过练 习，考生可以提高快速筛选关键信息的能力， 有助于在考试中快速理解文章内容。
修饰成分分析
修饰成分分析
在提取主干后，需要分析句子的修饰成分，如定语、状语等，这些成分对句子的意义和逻辑关系起到补充和修饰 的作用。
示例
原句“The scientist conducted an experiment to determine the effects of radiation on plants.” 的修饰 成分是“to determine the effects of radiation on plants”（为了确定辐射对植物的影响），补充说明了实验 的目的。
「托福阅读」托福阅读题型之句子简化题解题方
「托福阅读」托福阅读题型之句子简化题解题方「托福阅读」托福阅读题型之句子简化题解题方托福阅读中的句子简化题也称为“变换措辞题”，是托福阅读题型的一种。
在托福阅读文章中，可能有0-1道这样的题目，每次考试总共有2到3题。
那么，在托福阅读中遇到这样的题型，应该要怎么做呢?接下来，店铺就为各位同学们带来一些解题方法，希望可以帮助大家进行新托福阅读的备考。
托福阅读题型之句子简化题解题方法这类型题目的题干表达为：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.【托福阅读】托福阅读题型之句子简化题解题方法解决这类题目的三种方法：第一种：在保持原句序基本不变的前提下进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换;第二种：在句序不变的前提下再进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换;第三种：对原句进行总结性重复。
下面我们通过一个例子来看这些方法的具体应用：Small marketers should be less concerned with whether U.S. and European consumers are alike and more concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences. Attention to the dynamic nature of those factors will produce opportunities for the alert marketer.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.1. A marketer who is not so smart should be more concernedwith the difference of eating habits between U.S. and European consumers and less concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences.2. It is not important whether U.S. and European consumers have a similar eating habit. I t is the potential similarities and differences that people should be more concerned with.3. Marketers should focus on the factors that account for difference rather than the difference themselves.4. Monitoring the variety of foods could explain the potential similarities and differences.解题：首先，我们来分析这个句子，整个主句的主语为Small marketers，谓语为be concerned with，宾语为factors，这个分析完成之后，我们采用同意替换的方法，替换其中的'重点词组-谓语be concerned with，其同义词为focus on。
【实例分析】托福阅读句子简化题-Electricity from Wind
【实例分析】托福阅读句子简化题-Electricity from Wind句子简化题又叫做释义题，即recognizingparaphrases，是新托福阅读当中比较浪费考生时间的一种题型。
该题要求用另一种表达方式表达与原句相同的意思。
只要是句子简化题，其所有的题目指令都是一样的，因此考试可以忽略阅读此指令，直接去看原文句子。
那么，应对这样类型的题目我们又该使用怎样的呢?我们为大家带来了一系列的实例解析，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
托福阅读句子简化题：Electricity from WindLarge wind farms might also interfere with the flight patterns of migratorybirds in certain areas, and they have killed large birds of prey (especiallyhawks, falcons, and eagles) that prefer to hunt along the same ridge lines thatare ideal for wind turbines. The killing of birds of prey by wind turbines haspitted environmentalists who champion wildlife protection againstenvironmentalists who promote renewable wind energy. Researchers are evaluatinghow serious this problem is and hope to find ways to eliminate or sharply reducethis problem. Some analysts also contend that the number of birds killed by windturbines is dwarfed by birds killed by other human-related sources and bythe potential loss of entire bird species from possible global warming. Recordeddeaths of birds of prey and other birds in wind farms in the United Statescurrently amount to no more than 300 per year. By contrast, in the United States an estimated 97 million birds are killed each year when they collide with buildings made of plate glass, 57 million are killed on highways each year; at least 3.8 million die annually from pollution and poisoning; and millions of birds are electrocuted each year by transmission and distribution lines carrying power produced by nuclear and coal power plants. (Electricity from Wind)Q：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information inthe highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A：○Hawks, falcons, and eagles prefer to hunt along ridge lines, where wind turbines can kill large numbers of migratory birds.○Wind turbines occasionally cause migratory birds to change their flightpatterns and therefore may interfere withthe areas where birds of prey prefer to hunt.○Some of the best locations for large wind farms are places that may cause problems for migrating birds and birds of prey.○Large wind farms in certain areas kill hawks, falcons, and eagles and thusmight create a more ideal path for the flight of migratory birds.。
托福阅读句子简化题解题技巧
托福阅读句子简化题解题技巧一、托福阅读句子简化题答题要求这类问题要求考生选出一个句子，其句意与原文中某个句子的主要意思相同。
并不是每一篇文章都设有这种题目，一篇文章一般最多只会有一道此类题目。
所有简化句子类问题都是一样的。
在文中会有一个句子用阴影标示出来，然后在题目中考生将会被问到：Which of the following best express the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.二、托福阅读句子简化题解题技巧1. 以下两种形式的选项都是错误的：与被标示的句子相矛盾;遗漏了被标示的句子中的一些重要信息;2. 注意答案不要与句子所在段落或全文的主要观点相矛盾。
三、句子简化题例题解析我们通过一道例题来具体看一下句子简化题的解题步骤。
The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, …Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. Upper Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that if they drew a human image in their cave art, it would cause death or injury.B. Many contemporary people believe that the drawing of a human image can cause death or injury, so they, like Upper Paleolithic people, rarely depicted human figures in their cave art.C. If Upper Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, this belief might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.D. Although many contemporary peoples believe that the drawing of a human image can cause death or injury, researchers cannot explain why Upper Paleolithic people rarely depicted human figures in their cave art.解析：我们来分析一下原文中这句看似很长的句子，它是由“and”来连接的。
托福阅读题型分类练习之句子简化题
托福阅读题型分类练习之句子简化题在托福阅读中，对很多学生来说也许找到句子的主干是一个难点。
因为，在目前的情况中，托福阅读难度加深内容加长，想要抓住重点，节省阅读的时间，并非会是你想象中的那么容易。
所以，在托福阅读的答题过程中，简化题也是会比较费时的一种题型。
那么，在以下内容中，我们就为大家带来一些托福阅读句子简化题实例练习，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
托福阅读题型分类练习之句子简化题托福阅读句子简化题：Nineteenth-Century Politics【Paragraph 6】In some ways the social makeup of the two parties was similar. To be competitive in winning votes, Whigs and Democrats both had to have significant support among farmers, the largest group in society, and workers.Neither party could win an election by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poor. The Whigs, however, enjoyed disproportionate strength among the business and commercial classes. Whigs appealed to planters who needed credit to finance their cotton and rice trade in the world market, to farmers who were eager to sell their surpluses, and to workers who wished to improve themselves. Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it,workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs who wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves. The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.(Nineteenth-Century Politics in the United States)Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Whigs were able to attract support only in the wealthiest parts of the economy because Democrats dominated in other areas.○Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural areas, respectively.○The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly isolated by the Whigs' control of the market economy.○The Democrats' power wa s greatest in poorer areas while the Whigs were strongest in those areas where the market was already fully operating.托福阅读句子简化题答案：4托福阅读句子简化题：Swimming Machines【Paragraph 7】One potential problem is that opening the mouth to breathe detracts from the streamlining of these fishes and tends to slow them down. Some species of tuna have specialized grooves in their tongue. It is thought that these grooves help to channel water through the mouth and out the gill slits, thereby reducing water resistance.(Swimming Machines)Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○These fishes often have a probl em opening their mouths while swimming.○The streamlining of these fishes prevents them from slowing down.○The streamlining of these fishes tends to slow down their breathing.○Opening the mouth to breathe can reduce the speed of these fishes.托福阅读句子简化题答案：1托福阅读句子简化题：Artisans and Industrialization【Paragraph 2】The creation of a labor force that was accustomed to working in factories did not occur easily. Before the rise of the factory, artisans had worked within the home. Apprentices were considered part of the family, andmasters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them some education and for supervising their moral behavior. Journeymen knew that if they perfected their skill, they could become respected master artisans with their own shops. Also, skilled artisans did not work by the clock, at a steady pace, but rather in bursts of intense labor alternating with more leisurely time.(Artisans and Industrialization) Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information○Masters demanded moral behavior from apprentices but often treated them irresponsibly.○The responsibilities of the master to the apprentice went beyond the teaching of a trade.○Masters preferred to maintain the trade within the family by supervising and educating the younger family members.○Masters who trained members of their own family asapprentices demanded excellence from them.托福阅读句子简化题答案：2托福阅读句子简化题：Aggression【Paragraph 7】The Cognitive Approach. Cognitive psychologists assert that our behavior is influenced by our values, by the ways in which we interpret our situations and by choice. For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified-as during wartime-are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively. (Aggression)Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○People who believe that they are fighting a just war act aggressively while those who believe that they are fighting an unjust war do not○People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified are more likely to act aggressively than those who believe differently.○People who normally do not believe that aggression is necessary and justified may act aggressively during wartime.○People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified do not necessarily act aggressively during wartime.托福阅读句子简化题答案：2。
托福阅读句子简化题特征及解题方法
托福阅读句子简化题特征及解题方法
托福阅读简化题特征：1. 长阴影;2. 提问方式千篇一律
解题思想：
1. 逻辑关系正确：把握逻辑类型，检验逻辑连接对象，认清逻辑位置关系：
一级逻辑：
二级逻辑：
特殊逻辑：
2. 极端词有对应且修饰关系正确
3. 不可混搭
4. 不可推理
5. 主干不可缺失
6. 不可出现未表述新信息(原文背景内容除外)
托福阅读简化题解题步骤：
1.有逻辑的句子简化题：
注意：1. 原文有因果等逻辑时，正确答案中会出现因果，或者表达因果含义的内容。
2. 转折包含比较，但比较程度不可改变;转折中，虽然为次要，但是为主要
2. 没有明显逻辑的句子简化题：
注意：原文无因果，但含有A和B，A解释或作用于B，正确选项中仍可出现因果。
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tpo阅读句子简化题
句子简化题是TPO阅读部分的一种题型，主要考察学生对句子含义的理解和表达能力。
以下是几个TPO阅读句子简化题的例子：
1. The question of whether students should be required to take the SAT is a subject of debate among educators.
答案：是否要求学生参加SAT考试是一个令教育工作者争论的问题。
2. The author maintains that television advertising has not had a negative impact on consumers' intelligence.
答案：作者认为电视广告对消费者的智力没有负面影响。
3. The company has been criticized for its failure to innovate and adapt to changes in the market.
答案：该公司因未能进行创新和适应市场的变化而受到批评。
在回答这类题目时，需要抓住句子的核心信息，避免过多的细节和修饰语，同时确保表达的逻辑性和通顺性。
托福阅读句子简化题例子解析
托福阅读句子简化题例子解析面对托福阅读部分来说，对于考试的题型，无论是题型特点还是解题技巧，我们都是需要我们掌握的，今天我们就通过实例来进行详细的解析，帮助大家更好地来备考。
托福阅读句子简化题例子解析句子简化题是托福阅读必考题目，每篇一题，主要考察考生对复杂句子的主干信息的把握。
所谓主干信息，要分清主句和从句，尤其是主句的语法主干：即主语谓语和宾语。
除此以外，还有注意常考的几种信息类型，如反面或负面信息，表示比较或对比的信息等等。
做到这些还不够。
此题的正确选项特点是：对原句的主干信息进行同义替换，即用词汇或语法手段替换原句的主干信息。
因此，如果你发现有的选项包括和原句长相非常相似的词汇，千万当心!来看下面的例子：Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits.Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the basic patterns determined by the laws of physics.○The function of applied-art objects is determined by basic patterns in the laws of physics.○Since functional applied-art objects vary only within certain limits, arbitrary decisions cannot have determined their general form.○The general form of applied-art objects is limited by somearbitrary decision that is not determined by the laws of physics.原句的主要信息点包括：因果关系since, 否定信息not, 强调信息only。
托福阅读句子简化题型及答案
托福阅读句子简化题型及答案托福阅读中词汇题是重要题型之一。
根据托福阅读题型不同来进行专项练习，是短期提高托福阅读能力的有效方法。
那么，在以下内容中，我们就为大家带来一系列的托福简化题内容汇总希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
托福阅读句子简化题：Early Cinema【Paragraph 2】These Kinetoscope arcades were modeled on phonograph parlors, which had proven successful for Edison several years earlier. In the phonograph parlors, customers listened to recordings through individual ear tubes, moving from one machine to the next to hear different recorded speeches or pieces of music. The Kinetoscope parlors functioned in a similar way. Edison was more interested in the sale of Kinetoscopes (for roughly $1,000 apiece) to these parlors than in the films that would be run in them (which cost approximately $10 to $15 each). He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him instead of several. (Early Cinema) Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence from the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Edison was more interested in developing a variety of machines than in developing a technology based on only one.○Edison refused to work on projection technology because he did not think exhibitors would replace their projectors with newer machines.○Edison did not want to develop projection technologybecause it limited the number of machines he could sell.○Edison would not develop projection technology unless exhibitors agreed to purchase more than one projector from him.托福阅读句子简化题答案：3托福阅读句子简化题：Desert Formation【Paragraph 10】The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. Once the soil has been removed by erosion, only the passage of centuries or millennia will enable new soil to form. In areas whereconsiderable soil still remains, though, a rigorously enforced program of land protection and cover-crop planting may make it possible to reverse the present deterioration of the surface. (Desert Formation)Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.○Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.○The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.○Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless thepopulation is reduced in the vast areas affected.托福阅读句子简化题答案：1托福阅读句子简化题：The Origins of Cetaceans【Paragraph 5】An even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whale Ambulocetus natans ("the walking whale that swam") lived in the Tethys Sea 49 million years ago. It lived around 3 million years after Pakicetus but 9 million before Basilosaurus. The fossil luckily includes a good portion of the hind legs.The legs were strong and ended in long feet very much like those of a modern pinniped. The legs were certainly functional both on land and at sea. The whale retained a tail and lacked a fluke, the major means of locomotion in modern cetaceans. The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales bymoving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water. On land, where it probably bred and gave birth, Ambulocetus may have moved around very much like a modern sea lion. It was undoubtedly a whale that linked life on land with life at sea.(The Origins of Cetaceans)Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Even though Ambulocetus swam by moving its body up and down, it did not have a backbone.○The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim, provides evidence of its missing fluke.○Although Ambulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structureshows that it swam like modern whales.○By moving the rear parts of their bodies up a nd down, modern whales swim in a different way from the way Ambulocetus swam.托福阅读句子简化题答案：3托福阅读句子简化题：highlighted sentence【Paragraph 1】Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them—clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal—it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the "applied arts." Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision,have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm.However, not all functional objects are exactly alike; that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being different from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object's primary function.Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. ( Applied Arts and Fine Arts)○Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the basic patterns determined by the laws of physics.○The function of applied-art objects is determined by basic patterns in the laws of physics.○Since functional applied-art objects vary only within certain limits, arbitrary decisions cannot have determined their general form.○The general form of applied-art objects is limited by some arbitrary decision that is not determined by the laws of physics.托福阅读词汇题答案：1。
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• As-因为：as he is late, he is puished. • 作为：as a doctor, he saves numerous people. • 随着：as the society develops, poverty has vanished gradually. • 像： the boy is as brave as his PAPA.
句子简化题
句子简化题(Sentence Simplification Question) (1) 句子简化题简介和提问方式
(2) 句子简化的两个层面: 语义和逻辑 (3) 常见的逻辑关系转换 ---- 四大 “ 明显 ”/ “隐含” 关系
• 否定
– 明显否定关系的特色词汇: no, not, none, never, neither, deny – 隐含否定关系的特色词汇: fail to, absent from, lack, lack of, refuse, few, little, 否定词缀less.
• 比较
– 明显比较关系的特色词汇: 同级比较\比较级 – 隐含比较关系的特色词汇:
a. “ 变化 ”: change, vary, alter, modify, revise, increase, decrease, destroy, develop, improve, progress, advance, grow, degenerate, continue, remain, stay, stable, still. b. “差异”: same, different. c. “超越”: surpass, exceed, transcend, excel
• ○Buying imported grain led to the Dutch demanding that oth er foodstuffs and consumer goods be imported. • ○Because the Dutch were able to import inexpensive grain, t hey had money available to create a demand for other food pr oducts and consumer goods. • ○Keeping the price of grain low was a primary goal of the Dut ch at a time when they could not produce enough grain to pro vide for all their needs. • ○The demand for other foodstuffs and consumer goods force d the Dutch to import grain and other products at a time whe n maintaining low prices was especially important. • 2
• The frequency with which certain simple motifs appear in these oldest site s has led rock-art researchers to adopt a descriptive term— the Panaramitee stylea label which takes its name from the extensive rock pavements at Panara mitee North in desert South Australia, which are covered with motifs peck ed into the surface. • 1.The oldest rock art sites have simpler motifs than the best known sites o f Panaramitee North. • 2.Because motifs primarily associated with the Panaramitee region are co mmon in the oldest sites the term Panaramitee style has become the gene ral term for rock art of this type. • 3.Because the Panaramitee style is so common in the older sites, research ers have described it most extensively. • 4.The motifs carved in the rocky surface of the Panaramitee region make u p the oldest form of rock art discovered in Australia. • 答案：(2)
b. 由……而来: come from, result from, originate, derive from, initiate from, stem from, be attributable to, be responsive to. c. 反映 , 体现 : reflect, present, suggest, show, imply, demonstrate. d. 考虑到…, 依赖…: give, considering, on account of, in view of, thanks to, according to, rely on, depend on, resort to. e. 条件关系: if, when, while, as, as soon as, as long as, 虚拟条件句.
• 最高级\绝对化 明显最高级/绝对化关系的特色词汇: -est/ 比 较级 隐含最高级\绝对化关系的特色词汇: a. 自身含有最高级含义: maximum, minimum, outstanding, extreme. b. 否定加比较: nothing can be better than that c. 程 度 较 深 的 词 : surprisingly, amazingly, prohibitively(修饰价格的high)
因果 •明显因果关系的特色词汇: because, because of, since, for, as, due to, owing to, in that, so, so that, as a result, therefore, thereby, hence, consequentlya. 表示导致含义: lead to, cause, result, result in, give rise to, render, produce, make, 使役动词 （let,leave,keep,help,have ), support, stimulate, spur, spark, fuel, motivate, prompt.
Importing the grain, which would have been expensive and time consuming for the Dutch to have produced themselves, kept the price of grain low and thus stimulated individual demand for oth er foodstuffs and consumer goods.