2015专四语法考点非谓语动词
专四练习之语法2(非谓语动词,独立结构、悬垂结构)解读
2. 非谓语动词作宾语
1.to do 和doing可作宾语，done不行 To do 表未完成或未发生，doing表已完成或已 发生。 1）接to do的动词：afford/agree/aim/apply arrange/ ask/ beg/ choose/ claim/ dare/ decide/ decline/ demand/ desire/ determine/ expect/ fail/ guarantee/ hope/ manage/ offer/ ought / plan/ prepare/ presume/ pretend/ proceed/ promise/ refuse/ request/ resolve/ seek/ strive/ swear/ threaten/ undertake/ volunteer/ wish 等
3.非谓语动词作补语的要点提示
1. 现在分词表动作正在进行， 过去分词表被动， 不定式表动作已完成或结束 2.补语如果是非持续性动词，不定式表 一次性的动作，现在分词则表示反复发 生的动作。
I. 非谓语动词
专四语法(非谓语动词)解读
(4) 不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表 示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式的 逻辑主语则由of引导： absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。如： Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy. It’s clever of you to have invented such a device.
• 真题示例：“The man preparing the documents is the firm’s lawyer” has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT • A. the man who has prepared the documents • B. the man who has been preparing the documents. • C. the man who is preparing the documents • D. the man who will prepare the documents
真题演练
• 1. It is not uncommon for there ____ problem of communication between the old and the young. • A. being B. would be C. be D. to be • 2. _____ at in his way, the situation doesn’t seem so desperate. • A. Looking B. Looked • C. Being looked D. To look • 3. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, ___ the spoil ones. • A. not counting B. not to count • C. don’t count D. having not counted
非谓语动词知识点总结
非谓语动词知识点总结非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要知识点，它可以用来修饰主语或宾语，增强句子的表达力和信息量。
在本文中，我将详细介绍非谓语动词的用法和一些常见的形式。
希望通过本文的阅读，读者能够更好地理解和运用非谓语动词，提高自己的英语写作水平。
一、非谓语动词的定义和分类非谓语动词是指在句子中充当动词的成分，但不具备谓语的功能。
它不受主语的人称和数的限制，也不受时态的影响。
根据其形式和功能的不同，非谓语动词可以分为动名词、不定式和分词三种形式。
1. 动名词（Gerund）动名词是动词加上-ing形式构成的名词，常用作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等。
例如：- Smoking is harmful to health.（吸烟对健康有害）- I enjoy swimming in the sea.（我喜欢在海里游泳）- His hobby is playing basketball.（他的爱好是打篮球）2. 不定式（Infinitive）不定式是动词的原形加上to构成的形式，常用作动词、形容词或名词的补语。
例如：- He wants to buy a new car.（他想买一辆新车）- I have a lot of work to do.（我有很多工作要做）- The book is too heavy to carry.（这本书太重，无法携带）3. 分词（Participle）分词是动词的-ing形式（现在分词）或-ed、-en等形式（过去分词）构成的形容词，常用作定语、状语或补语。
例如：- The running water is very clear.（流动的水非常清澈）- The broken vase has been repaired.（打破的花瓶已经修好了）- We were surprised by the exciting news.（令人兴奋的消息让我们感到惊讶）二、非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词在句子中具有独立的语法功能，可以用来修饰名词、代词、动词、形容词和副词等，以及构成复合句的各种从句。
专四语法非谓语动词
English and recognize how it is used.
(3)如果其形容词形式要求接不定式做补语， 相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如： ambition to do “干……的雄心” →be ambitious to do“有雄心干……” curiosity to do “对……的好奇心” →be curious to do“对……好奇” ability to do“做……的能力” →able to do“有能力做……”
2.不定式做宾语 掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词：
afford, arrange, attempt, claim, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, endeavor, intend, pledge, pretend, resolve, request, swear,
the door, only to find it locked.
The three men tried many times to sneak across the
border into the neighbouring country, only to be captured by the police each time.(99年)
changes taking place in our ever-increasing world.(相当于the changes which take place...)
There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently giving what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.(相当于which gave...)
2015高考英语语法精讲精练专题六非谓语动词常考点
专题六非谓语动词常考点非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。
非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。
解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。
1动名词和不定式作主语①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。
如：To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing.②动名词作主语的句型。
如：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do)③动词不定式和动名词的复合结构：动词不定式的复合结构有两种：It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to do。
动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词＋动名词”构成。
在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。
如：His coming made me happy.I can't imagine his/him living there alone.④动名词被动式作主语(过去分词不可作主语)。
如：Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time does harm to your skin.完成下列句子：①It's foolish ____________________________(你相信他说的话)．②It's impossible ____________________________(他做这样的事)．③Do you mind ____________________________(我抽烟)?④It's no use ____________________________(你和他争辩)．⑤________(go) abroad is an honour to me.⑥________(take) abroad is an honour to me.⑦________(devote) to his work made him succeed.【答案】①of you to believe what he said ②for him to do such a thing ③my/me smoking ④your/you arguing with him ⑤Going ⑥Being taken ⑦Being devoted2动名词和不定式作宾语①下面的动词要求用不定式作宾语：attempt(企图)，afford(负担得起)，demand(要求)，long(渴望)，desire(渴望)，expect，hope，wish，want，swear(发誓)，volunteer(自愿)，offer(提供)，fail(未能)，plan，care(关心，喜欢)，happen(碰巧)，prepare(准备)，learn(学习)，choose(选择)，hesitate(犹豫)，claim(要求)，promise，undertake(承接)，appear(似乎)，seek(寻觅)，refuse(拒绝)，decide(决定)，determine(决定)，manage(设法)，pretend(假装)，agree(同意)，bother(烦恼)，intend(想要)，wait(等待)②下面的动词只能用动名词作宾语：acknowledge(承认)，admit(承认)，deny(否认)，mention(说到，讲到)，tolerate/stand/bear(忍受)，dislike(不喜欢)，advocate(提倡，主)，appreciate(感激，欣赏)，avoid(避免)，enjoy(享受)，envy(嫉妒)，delay(延迟)，postpone(延迟，延期)，escape(逃跑，逃避)，excuse/pardon/forgive(原谅)，fancy(幻想，爱好)，imagine(想象)，favour(造成，偏爱)，mind(介意)，miss(错过)，finish(完成)，resist(抵抗)，risk(冒险)，involve(包含)，practise(实践)，suggest/advise/recommend(建议)，prevent(阻止)，keep(保持)，quit/abandon(放弃，停止)，understand(理解)，include(包括)③后接动名词作宾语的动词短语和句型有：have(no/much/some/...) difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in)，take pleasure in，spend time/money (in)，waste time(in)，be worth，be busy，feel like，be committed to④to作为介词的短语有：look forward to，pay attention to，object to＝be opposed to，be devoted to，stick to，come close to(差一点)，get down to(开始认真做)，get/be accustomed/used to(doing), lead to＝contribute to(sb. doing/being done)⑤allow，permit，forbid，advise，recommend的用法：allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend＋doingallow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend＋sb.＋to do如：I don't allow smoking in my room.I don't allow him to smoke in my room.用所给词的适当形式填空：①We agreed ________(meet) here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.②The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief ________(catch)．③Janey pretended __________(write) when her mother came in.④I can hardly imagine Peter ________(sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.⑤The doctor advised him ________(stop) smoking.【答案】①to meet ②being caught ③to be writing ④sailing ⑤to stop3注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词①forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做)remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)②stop to do 停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事go on to do 继续(去做另外一件事情)go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)③regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)regret doing sth. 对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事) ④try to do 努力、企图做try doing 试验、试一试某种办法⑤mean to do (人)打算，有意要……mean doing (物)意味着⑥can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事用所给词的适当形式填空：①Don't you remember ________(see) the man before?②I regret ________(inform) you that the meeting has been cancelled.③Let's try ________(do) the work some other way.④I didn't mean ________(hurt) your feeling.⑤I'm so busy that I can't help ________(clean) the house with you.⑥After we finished our homework，we went on ________(review) the new lesson.【答案】①seeing ②to inform ③doing ④to hurt ⑤(to) clean ⑥to review4不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别①不定式作表语，一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
四级语法讲座2：非谓语动词
分词作状语与独立主格结构
要注意区分分词作状语与独立主格结构，前者的逻辑 主语是与句子的主语是一致的，而后者有自己的主语， 即分词的前面有名词/代词，否则句子的意义就不通。 如： Getting dark, I left in a hurry. 这是个错句。正确的形式是在分词前加上它的主语it. 再如： Stepping on the platform, the audience gave John a thunderous applause. 这个句子的真正意思是想说：当John登上舞台的时候， 观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。正确的说法应是： Stepping on the platform, John received/was given a thunderous applause.
语态
1. Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______to the nation. （96/6/24） 【D】 A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left 2. If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self--restraint as if I were the one ______. 【D】 （96/6/28） A) to correct B) correcting C) having corrected D) being corrected 3. Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it ______ in 【B】 Cuba. （00/1/45） A) having cultivated B) being cultivated C) been cultivated D) cultivating
非谓语知识点
非谓语知识点在英语学习中，非谓语动词是一个非常重要的语法点，也是很多同学感到头疼的部分。
但其实，只要我们理解了它的本质和规律，非谓语动词并没有那么可怕。
那什么是非谓语动词呢？简单来说，非谓语动词就是在句子中不能充当谓语的动词形式。
英语中的动词有三种非谓语形式，分别是动词不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）和分词（现在分词 doing 和过去分词 done）。
我们先来看看动词不定式。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等成分。
比如说，“To learn English well is not easy”在这个句子中，“To learn English well”就是作主语，表示“学好英语”这个动作。
再比如，“I wantto go shopping”这里的“to go shopping”作宾语，表示“去购物”这个意愿。
动名词也是非谓语动词的一种形式。
动名词具有名词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语等。
例如，“Swimming is my favorite sport”“swimming”在这里作主语，表示“游泳”这个活动。
“I enj oy reading books”中的“reading books”作宾语，表示“读书”这件事。
接下来是分词。
现在分词和过去分词在句子中的作用有很多相似之处，比如都可以作定语、状语、宾语补足语等。
但它们也有不同，现在分词表示主动和进行的意义，过去分词表示被动和完成的意义。
比如说，“The running boy is my brother”“running”是现在分词作定语，修饰“boy”，表示“正在跑的男孩”。
“The broken window needs to be repaired”“broken”是过去分词作定语，修饰“window”，表示“被打破的窗户”。
在使用非谓语动词的时候，有一些常见的易错点需要我们注意。
专四语法2：非谓语动词
4. 表示不可避免将要发生的事。 e.g. They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.
5. 用于条件从句，表示如果……想，设想 （相当于if…should, 或if…want）。 e.g. If we are to be there in time, we’ll have to hurry up.
I _____ writing the paper as scheduled, but my mother's illness interfered. I hope you will excuse me. (1993--54) A. am to have finished B. was to have finished C. was to finish D. ought to finish 答案：B
The Clarks haven't decided yet which hotel____. (1998--49) A. to stay B. is to stay C. to stay at D. is for staying
答案：C
不定式的特殊句型
1. such as to, such…as to, so…as to表程度 His story was such as to deceive everyone. It was such an accident as to claim 20 lives. Who could be so mean as to do a thing like that?
I intended to have come to see you. (我本打 算来看你的) He was to have fetched you here．他本该去 把你带来的。 She has to have passed Advanced Level in two subjects before she goes to university. (必先通过……，才能) You are lucky to have won the girl’s heart．(You have won．．．)
英语专业四级语法重点汇总
英语专业四级语法重点汇总English英语专八专四学习复习资料英语专四语法重点汇总一、非谓语动词的主要考点1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的，但是在意思上是有区别的，主要常考到的动词罗列如下：mean to do想要（做某事）VS mean doing意味（做某事）propose to do 打算（做某事）VS propose doing建议（做某事）forget to do忘记（要做的事）VS forget doing忘记（已做的事）remember to do记得（要做某事）VS remember doing记得（做过）go on to do继而（做另一件事）VS go on doing继续（做原来的事）stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do（对将要做的事）遗憾VS regret doing（对已做过的事）后悔2. 不定式的习惯用法典型句型整理如下：如：“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事”如：“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事”如：“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事”如：“can do nothing but do”——“不能不做某事”如：“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事”如：“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事”例句：The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor.When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus.3. 动名词的习惯用法典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下：如：be busy/active doing sth.如：It’s no good/use doing sth.如：spend/waste time doing sth.如：have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.如：have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.如：There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.例句：There is no use crying over spilt milk.（典型例句）牛奶洒了，哭也没用；后悔是没有用的；覆水难受I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.二、形容词与副词及其比较级1. 形容词的句法功能形容词通常在句子中用做定语、表语与主语的语法成分，通常考到的知识点总结如下：(1) 以“a”开头的形容词如“alone”、“alike”、“asleep”、“awake”等一般不能做前置定语，通常是做表语或后置定语的例句：Jerry didn’t pass the important final exam, please let him alone for the time being.Michael came back from job just now, and his eyes were shut and he seemed to have fallen asleep.(2) 某些以副词词缀“-ly”结尾的词其实是形容词，不能看错是副词，例如“friendly”、“leisurely”、“lovely”等(3) 下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词，注意用做系动词时，要求形容词做表语这些典型单词罗列如下：“remain”、“keep”、“become”、“get”、“grow”、“go”、“come”、“turn”、“stay”、“stand”、“run”、“prove”、“seem”、“appear”、“look”等例句：The situation remains tense between the two countries at this juncture. 在这个节骨眼上，两国形势仍然持续紧张。
(完整word版)专四语法之非谓语动词
非谓语动词也称为动词的非限定形式，不可以在句中单独做谓语，也不受主语的人称和数的限制。
非谓语动词具有双重性质，既有动词的特点（有时态、语态的变化，能被状语修饰，也有自己的宾语），又有非动词的特点（可以代替名词或形容词）。
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词，前者表主动或进行，后者表被动或完成)三种。
它们可以在句中充当除谓语以外的其它各种成分。
●非谓语动词作主语１）不定式和动名词可以在句中充当主语，但分词却不可以。
不定式一般表示具体或一次性动作，而动名词则表示一般或抽象的多次动作e.g. is not a serious disadvantage in life. (2001, 51)A. To be not tallB. Not to be tallC. Being not allD. Not being tall[分析] 句意为：个子不高在生活中不是一个大的缺点。
非谓语动词在句中主语。
非谓语动词的否定式，要直接在非谓语动词前加not，因此，排除掉A和Ｃ。
动名词和不定时都可以作句子主语，但动名词表示一贯性动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。
个子不高是一贯的实施，应该用动名词，所以Ｄ正确。
２）不定式和动名词都可以用it 来代替作形式主语，但在含有no, -less等否定词的句子里，常用动名词作主语。
如：It is useless talking with her. 和她谈话是没有用的。
It is no good discussing with her. 和她讨论是没有益处的。
3）如果主语和表语都是非谓语动词，两者应保持同样的形式，或同为不定式，或同为动名词。
如：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked。
英语四级之非谓语动词
2．不定式的句法功能：
（1）作主语： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To see is to believe. 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面第一句可用 如下形式： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. （2）作表语： Her job is to clean the hall. He appears to have caught a cold. （3）作宾语： 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面 有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾 语补足语后面，例如： Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如： I have no choice but to stay here. He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如： He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
（4）作宾语补足语： 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种 复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如： With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema． 有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式 连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如： I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road.
非谓语动词(大学英语四级版)
非谓语动词（一）概述在大学英语四六级考试的词汇和语法部分中，年年必考的一项语法就是非谓语动词（Non-finite Verb）。
非谓语动词分为三类：不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）和分词（participle）。
其特点是：1．不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句子成分，但就是不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为"非谓语动词"的原因。
2．它们具有各种形态：原形、主动态、被动态、进行态和完成态。
3．不定式和动名词可以做主语、宾语、表语、补语等。
但不管起什么作用，它们都具有动词的功能，但无语法上的动词性质，这一点可以通过它们不受主语的人称和数的限制体现出来。
4．分词起形容词和副词作用，可做表语、定语、状语和复合结构中的复合宾语，但不能做主语和宾语。
它也不受主语人称和数的限制。
不定式1．结构不定式的主动态是to do，其否定式是not to do，被动态是to be done，进行态是to be doing，完成态是to have done。
例：1996年6月四级第24题Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______ to the nation.A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left结合选项来看，全句的意思：“78岁的丹尼斯爵士已经向众人宣布他的许多收藏品将留给国家"。
收藏品是"被留给国家”，因此需要一个被动式做宾语，所以答案是D) is to be left。
2．不定式做主语例：1995年1月四级第55题It is not unusual for workers in that region _________.A) to be paid more than a month later B) to be paid later than more a monthC) to pay later than a month more D) to pay later more than a monthit 在句中作形式主语。
专四练习之语法(非谓语动词,独立结构)
1.名词（或代词）＋现在分词（或过去分词）。如： 1）The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey. 2）Good-bye said,he went home.
With +n./pron.+ doing/done/prep.
With book in hand
主格名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词
短语
(作逻辑主语)
(作逻辑谓语)
（二） 独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独 立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词 等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 4）用分词时表示主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过 去分词；
3.非谓语动词作补语的要点提示
1. 现在分词表动作正在进行， 过去分词表被动， 不定式表动作已完成或结束 2.补语如果是非持续性动词，不定式表
一次性的动作，现在分词则表示反复发 生的动作。
真题演练（2004）
The Minister of Finance is believed____ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.
Consider/ decide/ know/ explain /forget/ learn/ remember/ tell/ wonder
真题演练（1993）
I never regretted_______ the offer, for it was not where my interest lay.
(完整版)非谓语动词语法讲解
非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。
三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing被动to be done to have beendoneing 形式主动doing having done 被动being done having beendone过去分词被动done四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格＋doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。
七、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如：________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选 Bb. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well.It’s kind of you to help us.注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：It’s no good / use doing sth.It’s usel ess doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。
TEM4语法—Unit 1 非谓语动词
Unit 1 非谓语动词非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，在句中不能单独充当谓语（但可以和情态动词或助动词一起充当谓语），它们不受主语的限定，没有人称和数的变化，具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等（除谓语外的其他各种成分）。
同时非限定动词也保留了动词的部分特征，有时态和语态的变化，也可以有自己的宾语、表语、状语等，构成非限定动词短语，在逻辑意义上也有其动作的执行者或承受者，叫非限定动词的逻辑主语(Logical Subjects)。
在历年的专四考试中，非谓语动词的考查占了相当大的比重。
1.非谓语动词做主语：（1）不定式和动名词在句中可以做主语，分词不可以。
（2）不定式一般表示具体或一次性动作，而动名词则表示一般或抽象的动作。
eg: Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体) （3）不定式和动名词都可以用it来代替作形式主语，但在含有no, -lese等否定词的句子里，常用动名词作主语。
eg: It is useless talking with her.It is no good discussing with her.（4）如果主语和表语都是非谓语动词，两种应保持同样的形式，或同为不定式，或同为动名词。
eg: To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.（5）非谓语动词的否定式是直接在非谓语动词前加noteg: Not being tall is not a serious disadvantage in life.2.非谓语动词作宾语：（1）不定式和动名词在句中可以做宾语，分词不可以。
二者的区别在于：前者往往表示“未完成的”或者“未发生的动作”，而后者则表示“已完成的”或“已发生的”动作。
专四非谓语动词讲解周洁
专四非谓语动词讲解周洁非谓语动词是指在句子中充当除谓语以外的成分，不具备人称和数的变化。
在英语语法中，常见的非谓语动词有不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）和现在分词（present participle）、过去分词（past participle）。
一、不定式1. 不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”，常用作动词的宾语。
例如：I want to go to the park.（我想去公园。
）2. 不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词。
例如：I bought a book to read.（我买了一本书来读。
）3. 不定式作状语，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。
例如：I ran to catch the bus.（我跑去赶公交车。
）二、动名词1. 动名词的基本形式是动词的现在分词形式（-ing），常用作名词的主语、宾语或表语。
例如：Swimming is good exercise.（游泳是一种好的锻炼方式。
）2. 动名词可以与一些介词连用，形成介词短语。
例如：She is good at playing the piano.（她擅长弹钢琴。
）3. 动名词可以用于形容词后面，表示被动概念。
例如：I am interested in learning new things.（我对学习新事物很感兴趣。
）三、现在分词和过去分词1. 现在分词的基本形式是动词的现在分词形式（-ing），常用作形容词，修饰名词或代词。
例如：The running water is cold.（流动的水很冷。
）2. 现在分词可以修饰主语，表示主动和进行。
例如：Listening to music, she danced happily.（她边听音乐边跳舞。
）3. 过去分词的基本形式通常是动词的过去分词形式（-ed或不规则变化），常用作形容词，用于表示被动或完成。
例如：The broken vase was thrown away.（被打破的花瓶被丢弃了。
非谓语动词
动名词的时态和语态
动名词
主动态
被动态
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done having been done
成形式。
He is proud of having been sent to work in Tibet . 4.当一个动名词逻辑上的主语是该动名词动作的承
受者, 这个动名词要用被动形式。
He remembered being taken to Beijing when he was a child.
2. 强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时, 用完成形式。 He is said to have written a novel.
3. 强调不定式的动作正在进行时, 用不定式的进行形式。 When I came in, he pretended to be reading a book.
4. 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时, 用被动语 态。
2.动名词(The Gerund)，由动词+ing构成。
3.分词(The Participle)
1）现在分词（The Present Participle),由动 词+ing构成
2）过去分词（The Past Participle),由动词 +ed构成。
非谓语动词具有以下特征:
• 非谓语动词可以做主语、宾语等多种句子成分， 但唯独不能做谓语。
1.对称原则:主语和表语对称 Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.
英语语法非谓语动词
英语语法非谓语动词一、内容纲要二、内容简述（一）定义英语中的动词，根据其是否可以直接用作句子的谓语，可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。
谓语动词，是指可以直接用作句子谓语的动词。
它会受主语的单复数的影响存在形式变化，也会有时态和语态的形式变化。
非谓语动词，是指不能直接用作句子谓语的动词。
它不受主语的单复数的影响，也没有时态和语态的变化。
（二）分类从狭义范围来讲，非谓语动词主要包括动名词（doing）、不定式（to do）和分词三大类，其中分词还可以分为现在分词（doing）和过去分词（done）。
从广义范围来讲，除了以上三种，助动词、系动词和情态动词也属于非谓语动词，因为它们虽然都是动词，但都不能直接用作句子的谓语。
（三）动名词（doing）动名词常用作句子的主语、宾语、表语或定语，如：主语：Swimming is my favourite sport.宾语：I like swimming best.表语：My favourite sport is swimming.定语：There is a swimming pool in my house. 【注意】1、动名词也常用作介词的宾语，如：I am very interested in reading.2、动名词有时会有自己的宾语，如：I like reading books.3、动名词有时会有自己的逻辑主语，如：My going there has been decided. / Do you mind me/my going there?（四）不定式（to do）动词不定式常用作句子的主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语或状语。
如：主语：To see is to believe.宾语：I want to visit him next week. 表语：My suggestion is to set out early tomorrow.补语：She told me to buy a book for her. 定语：He has something to do this afternoon. 状语：They got up early to catch the first train. 【注意】英语中有的动词后面只能跟不定式，有的只能跟动名词，也有的既可以跟动名词也可以跟不定式。
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2015专四语法考点：非谓语动词考点1：不定式专四题中对于不定式用法的考察比较少，特别是近些年的考题几乎已经不考了。
以前的考点基本集中在：(1)考察哪些动词接不定式；(2)考察哪些短语接不带to的不定式；1) can’t help/choose but do不得不,只能,不禁2) why not do sth1. __Why not call on_____him tomorrow?2001A. Why not to call onB. Why don’t call onC. Why not calling onD. Why not call on3) would do rather than do1.She said she would work it out herself, _rather than_____ ask me for help.1993A.and not toB.but notC.and prefer notD.rather than(3)考察短语"be believed/said to do sth"的用法；1. The Minister of Finance is believed _to be thinking___ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.2004A. that he is thinkingB. to be thinkingC. that he is to thinkD. to think2. AIDS is said _to have been_____the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in the region.2002A. beingB. to beC. to have beenD. having been3. Professor Johnson is said _to have made___some significant advance in his research in the past year. 1999A. having madeB. makingC. to have madeD. to make(4)考察动词不定时的时态和语态：进行式to be doing,完成式to have done;一般式被动语态to be done;完成式被动语态to have been done。
另外，不定式短语有将来时的意思；考点2：动名词（1）常接动名词做宾语的词：mind(介意), miss(逃过), mention(提及), prevent, postpone, practice, risk(冒险), resist(抵制), consider(考虑), admit(承认), avoid(避免), appreciate(感激), fancy(幻想), finish(完成)，feel like(喜欢), escape(逃脱), ensure(确保) , delay(延迟), deny(否认), resent, detest, imagine(想象), suggest(建议)1. In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid__being beaten____. 1996A. from being beatenB. being beatenC. beatingD. to be beaten2. He resented _being asked _____to wait. He expected the minister _to see_____ him at once.1995A. to be asked, to seeB. being asked, to seeC. to be asked, seeingD. being asked, seeing3.I never regretted __not accepting_____ offer, for it was not where my interest lay.1993A.not to acceptB.not having acceptedC.having not acceptedD.not accepting（2）介词后的ing：prevent/stop/keep sb /sth from doing阻止…做…；spend/waste time /money in doing在做…方面花钱、浪费时间或金钱；how /what about doingsth做…怎么样了？；Have some difficulty/trouble in doing在…方面有些困难；There is no sense in doing (做…是没有理由的)；Thank / admire /praise/blame /scold/ punish sb for doing sth因做某事而感谢、羡慕、表扬、责备、惩罚某人1. What a nice day! How about the three of us _taking____ a walk in the park nearby?2009A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking2. Though her father never approved of _her going_____ to drama school, she became a well-known actress.1991A. goingB. her to goC. her goingD. her go（3）接动名词做介词to的宾语：apply oneself to致力于；be accustomed to习惯于；confess to供认；come to谈到；devote oneself to献身于；get down to着手做；give way to对…让步；lead to导致；look forward to期待；next to几乎；object to反对；pay attention to注意；stick to坚持；stand up to勇敢面对；turn to求助于；be used to习惯于1. What’s the chance of __there being______ a general election this year?2005A. there beingB. there to beC. there beD. there going to be2. The meeting was put off because we _objected to having_________ a meeting without John.2005A. objected havingB. were objected to havingC. objected to haveD. objected to having考点3：分词（1）从语态上看，现在分词一般都表示主动，而过去分词一般表示被动；（2）从时态上看，现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示过去。
如果分词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，分词用完成时。
（3）现在分词的否定形式是not放在分词之前。
1. _Not being tall____ should not become a serious disadvantage in life andwork.2010/2001A. To be not tallB. Not being tallC. Being not tallD. Not to be tall2. "The man preparing the documents is the firm's lawyer" has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT . 2009A. the man who has prepared the documents...B. the man who has been preparing the documents...C. the man who is preparing the documents...D. the man who will prepare the documents...记住动名词不表示将来时态，所以will 等词一道的是不正确的3. _Looked_____ at in this way, the situation does not seem so desperate.2007/2000A. LookingB. lookedC. Being lookedD. to look4. If not _treated___ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time. 2004A. being treatedB. treatedC. be treatedD. having been treated5. _Not having obtained a ticket for the match_____, he can now only watch it on TV at home. 1998A. Obtaining not a ticket for the matchB. Not obtaining a ticket for the matchC. Not having obtained a ticket for the matchD. Not obtained a ticket for the match6. This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals _hunted___ in Africa. 1996A. huntedB. huntingC. that huntedD. are hunted7. He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, _beingconsidered_____insufficiently poplar with all members.1996A. having consideredB. was consideredC. was being consideredD. being considered8. He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he sawa rope ladder_being thrown_____ out and three men climbing down it. 1995A. throwingB. being thrownC. having thrownD. having beenthrown9. This missile is designed so that once being fired____nothing can be done to retrieve it.1995A. firedB. being firedC. they firedD. having fired10. Arriving at the bus stop, _he found a lot of people____waiting there.1994A. a lot of people wereB. he found a lot of peopleC. a lot of peopleD. people were found11. _Not having received____ regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first.1994A. Not receivedB. Since receivingC. Having receivedD. Not having received12. Born and raised in a fishing village____, he was chosen and trained as a professional swimmer. (1991)A. He was born and raised in a fishing villageB. Born and raised in a fishing villageC. That he was born and raised in a fishing villageD. In addition to he was born and raised in a fishing village13. _Having packed _____ their luggage , the group of tourists hurried to the airport.1991A. PackedB. After packedC. Finished packingD. Having packed14. The mother was afraid to let the boy_risk climbing__ the tree.1990A. to risk climbingB. risk climbingC. to risk to climbD. risk to climb15. Mr. Brown had the report typed as soon as he finished_writing__ it.1990A. to be typed, to writeB. typed, to writeC. being typed, writingD. typed, writing考点4：独立主格（句中没有连接词，逗号分开两个句子，存在两个主语。