研究生英语阅读答案
研究生英语阅读教程(课后翻译部分答案)
LESSON 11.因为英语是个杀手,正是英语造成了坎伯兰语,康沃尔语,诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡.在这些岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言.然而,英语在日常生活中无处不在.所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语.英语对现存的凯尔特语:爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。
2.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧、,性别歧视的情况类似"）的偏见密切相关。
在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。
这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。
3.总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。
在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。
4.然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。
在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。
5.讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。
6.这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处，同时尽可能避免招来灾难。
LESSON 21.年初布什总统签署了一项《不让一个孩子落后》的重大法案,誓言要把“困在那些教学质量不佳又不进行改革的学校里的孩子”解救出来.2007 年7月1日美国教育部宣布有8652所学校被列为“长期教学质量低下”的学校,现在这些学校中的学生必须在今后的几天内考虑决定他们是否要转学, 同时各个学区也在忙着为符合转学条件的学生提供帮助和服务以抓住选择的机会。
２.对于那些在教学改革旋涡中挣扎的学校的校长、老师和学生来说，这一法案的直接后果则是迷惑与混乱。
他们认为该法案制订的教学改革标准太高而又没有说明各学区如何达到这些标准。
研究生英语阅读教程（提高级第三版）课后翻译答案（单独整理的）
1.就连乔·巴顿，对全球变暖持怀疑态度、来自得克萨斯州的共和党众议员，都谴责BP管理人员“对安全和环境问题表现得漠不关心”。
2.显然，考虑到清理费用和对BP 声誉的影响，高管们真希望可以回到过去，多花些钱让“深水地平线”更安全。
他们没有增加这笔费用就表明他们认为钻机在当时的状态下不会出问题。
3.埃克森公司瓦尔迪兹漏油事件发生后，在1990年的一个法案很少引人注意的一项条款中，美国国会将钻机泄漏清理费用的责任上限定为7500 万美元。
即使对旅游业、渔业等造成的经济损失高达数十亿美元，责任方也仅需要支付7500 万美元。
4.不过，如果认为我们目前仍然低估的只是那些突然间引人注目的风险，那是非常愚蠢的。
Lesson 21 It is a cliché, as it is to talk of apocalypse and nightm are, but when someth ing is beyond our experience, we reach for the points of refere nce we have. 说到世界末日和噩梦又是老生常谈，但是当事情超出我们的经验时，我们总会寻找现有的东西作为参照。
2 Lest you should ever forget the smalln ess of being human, the iconic Mount Fuji, instantly recognisable yet somehow differ ent on every viewin g, is an extinc t volcano. 唯恐你会忘记作为人类的渺小，标志性富士山，一眼即能认出但不知何故每次观看又呈现出不同景象，就是一座死火山。
研究生英语阅读教程答案-重庆大学出版社Unit3Technology
Unit 3 Technology课后练习答案Passage ARethinking What Leads the Way: Science, or New Technology?KEYS TO EXERCISESI. Reading comprehension1. D2. B3. A4. A5. B6. B7. B8. A9. D 10. DII. Vocabulary1. A2. A3. B4. B5. B6. C7. D8. B9. C 10. A11. D 12. A 13.D 14.A 15.A 16.C 17.A 18. B 19. A 20. AIII. Word bank1.cautious2. discrete3. arrive at4. prognostication5. reassessment6. inspiration7. endow8. automated9. elusive 10. theoreticalIV. Cloze1. A2. B3. D.4. D5. B6. A7. B8. A9. C 10. B1. A 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. CV. Translation1.Happiness is an illusion for some people and elusive to others, but for families who get theirrecipes right, happiness is an all-pervasive emotion that follows them wherever they go and whatever they do.2.Psychologists have also found that if you sleep after thinking about your problems there is abetter chance that you arrive at a solution the next day.3.Setbacks can help you accumulate experience, and experience can, in return, enrich your mind.4.His talk was evocative of the bygone days.5.In this world, what is it to set apart people who love each other?6.What can't be denied is that technology, no matter its faults, makes life a whole lot easier. Itallows us to communicate with more people in less time; it can make conversation simple—no small talk required. It can be therapeutic: robots are now used to help care for the elderly.But it can also be seductive, providing more stimulation than our natural lives. But is anyone of those feelings on par with the kind we feel when engaged in real, face-to-face intimacy?Online, you can ignore others' feelings. In a text message, you can avoid eye contact. That doesn't spell disaster, but it does mean we might want to start thinking about the way we want to live.VI. Discussion1.How does technology influence our life?2.How do you think about the issue of food safety?课文参考译文重新考量孰先孰后：科学还是技术？设想一下如果没有显微镜、望远镜以及像DNA自动测序这样更为先进的新进技术的话，科学会是什么状态？这样的科学仍然植根于人类的感知和推理。
研究生英语阅读Unit1课后答案
Unit 1EnvironmentLearning ObjectivesAt the end of the unit, students will be able to:1.have some general knowledge about the environment;2.know about various kind of environmental problems;3.talk about the causes, effects, and measures people should take about theenvironmental problems;4. master the key words and expressions concerning the environment.Part I Warm-up ActivitiesA Directions:The following are some of the organizations devoted to theenvironmental protection. Match them with the corresponding Chinese translations.A. 联合国人类居住中心B. 绿色和平组织C. 国际环境情报网D. 联合国环境规划署E. 绿党F. 联合国环境与发展大会G. 国际自然和自然资源保护协会1. United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) D 联合国环境规划署2. International Environment Information System C 国际环境情报网3. Green Peace Organization B 绿色和平组织4. Green Party E 绿党5. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)G 国际自然和自然资源保护协会6. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)F 联合国环境与发展大会7. United Nations Center for Human Settlements (UNCHS)A 联合国人类居住中心B Directions:Below are three pictures conveying the environmental problems. Joina partner, talk about what specific environmental problems they are. Then discussabout their causes, effects and the measures people have to take to deal with these problems.1. What is the environmental phenomenon?2. What causes this environmental phenomenon?3. What are the effects of this environmental phenomenon?4. How can the human do to improve this situation?Part II Listening1. DeforestationA Directions: Listen to a report about deforestation over the past 10 years. Choose one item among A, B, C and D which best matches each of the following questions.1)What is the main cause of deforestation? (C)A.The cutting down of tropical trees for urban facilities.B.The global warming.C.The cutting down of tropical trees for agriculture.D.The forest fires.2)How much area of forest was cut down or lost through natural causes each year inthe last ten years? (C)A.Over four billion hectares.B. Sixteen million hectares.C. Thirteen million hectares.D. Seven million hectares.3)Which of the following countries have reduced their deforestation rates? (D)A. China and India.B. Brazil and Vietnam.C. China, India, Vietnam and America.D. Brazil and Indonesia.4)Which of the following areas have the highest yearly loss of forests during the lastten years? (B)A.North America and Central America.B. Asia and Europe.B.South America and Africa. D. South Africa and Asia.5)According to Eduardo Rojas, what made the rate of deforestation decrease aroundthe world? (B)A.Tree-planting programs.B.Improvement of forest policies and regulations at local and internationallevels.C.The result of the International Year of Biodiversity.D.The forest protection by the native people.TapescriptThe United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization says deforestation has decreased over the past ten years. But it still continues at a high rate in many countries. Deforestation is mainly caused by the cutting down of tropical forests to provide land for agriculture. The world's total forest area is just over four billion hectares. About thirteen million hectares of forest were cut down or lost through natural causes each year in the last ten years. This compares with about sixteen million hectares per year during the nineteen nineties.The FAO study covers two hundred thirty-three countries and areas. The study found that Brazil and Indonesia have reduced their deforestation rates. The two countries had the highest loss of forests in the nineteen nineties. In addition, the study noted tree-planting programs in countries such as China, India, Vietnam and the United States. These programs, along with natural expansion of forests in some areas, have added more than seven million hectares of new forests each year.South America and Africa had the highest yearly loss of forests during the last ten years. South America lost four million hectares. Africa lost almost three and a half million hectares. However, Asia gained more than two million hectares a year in the last decade. In North America and Central America, the forest area remained about the same. In Europe, it continued to expand, but at a slower rate than earlier. Eduardo Rojas is assistant director-general of F.A.O.’s Forestry Department. He said for the first time, the rate of deforestation has decreased around the world. This is the result of efforts taken at local and international levels. Mister Rojas said countries have improved their forest policies and legislation. They have also provided forests for use by local communities and native peoples and for the protection of biological diversity. He said this is a welcome message in two thousand ten – the International Year of Biodiversity.However, Mister Rojas said the rate of deforestation is still very high in many areas. He said countries must strengthen their efforts to better protect and manage their forests.2. Unknown Future Climate Change EffectsA Direction:In this section you will hear a report about the unknown long-termeffects of rising temperatures. Listen and check the words and phrases as you hear them.√long-term effects☐reproduce☐potential disadvantages and consequences√longer growing seasons☐ a number of policies and regulations√concentrates on the role of agriculture☐climate change effects on industry☐immigration☐the depth of the planet√temperature√insect populationsB Directions：In this section you will hear a report about the unknown long-termeffects of rising temperatures. Listen and answer the following questions.1) What are the BRICS countries?They are Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa as well as the United States and Indonesia.2）What did the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates once say?I know that I don’t know.3) What did Nelson say that they need to do?He said they needed to do a much better job of collecting data4) Why do the changes on the surface of the planet seem beneficial at first glance?Farmers see longer growing seasons and wetter springs.5) What has recent research shown as the temperature increases get above 30 or 31 to 31 or 33?Recent research has shown substantial drop-off in yields .TapescriptScientists say many of the long-term effects of rising temperatures are still unknown. They're discussing the problem at the U.N. climate change conference in Durban, South Africa. Researchers say climate change is a complex mix of potential benefits and consequences, especially regarding food production.In early November, researchers from several countries met in Beijing. They represented the so-called BRICS countries –Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa – as well as the United States and Indonesia. They discussed climate change and food security and agreed on a number of issues and recommendations to present to the Durban conference.One of those researchers –Gerald Nelson –said they came up with a work program for climate change treaty negotiators. It concentrates on the role of agriculture.Nelson is a senior fellow at IFPRI, the Washington-based International Food Policy Research Institute.The ancient Greek philosopher Socrates is quoted as saying, "I know that I don't know." Nelson said it's not that researchers don't know anything about climate change, it's just that they need to know a lot more."Our research results, our understanding of what's going on on the surface of the planet today, is really hindered by a lack of data. We just have very little information about the actual changes that are taking place on the planet. We are still groping, perhaps not in the complete dark, but with only very limited illumination, to understand those changes. And we need to do a much better job of collecting data about where things are changing and how they're changing," he said.At first glance, some of the changes being seen appear to be beneficial, at least for now."Take for example, in Iowa, farmers there are seeing longer growing seasons. They're planting earlier in the year. They're seeing wetter springs, with more summer precipitation happening. If you take a look at China, you see that Heilongjiang Province, which used to have essentially no rice production, now accounts for 15 percent of China's rice production. In the northern parts of Russia, you're finding grain growing that was not possible to grow there 20 or 30 years ago," he said.But what if global temperatures continue to rise? Would those apparent benefits continue? Maybe not."In the short run, they do seem to be positive," said Nelson, "That is, rice production further north because it's warmer potentially is a good thing for China. It's harder to sort out the climate signals as you get towards the middle of the planet. It's the northern extremes where you can see it earlier. But of course that's with the climate change we have so far."Nelson says predictions call for substantially greater temperature increases. He says there's been about a one degree Celsius rise over the past 100 years. But theforecast is for a two degree Celsius increase by 2050. Such an increase, he says, could have a dramatic effect on corn or maize.Nelson and others at the Beijing meeting came up with a list of 12 climate change priorities. One of them warns that a rise in temperature can also mean a rise in pests that attack crops."For insects, in particular, as the temperatures rise then they reproduce more rapidly. So, instead of having three cycles of a pest per season you might end up with four or five. And that means more damage to the plants as they grow," he said.And as temperatures rise, regions may lose killing frosts, which help limit insect populations. As for weeds, many are thriving in the richer CO2 or carbon dioxide environment.Then there are ruminants, animals that produce lots of methane gas while digesting their food. Nelson says methane is much more powerful than CO2. More nations are expected to raise livestock for food as their lifestyles improve.Other priority areas include soil ecosystems, irrigation, land use, biotechnology, food supply storage losses and training for researchers, farmers and others to better deal with climate change.3. Carbon FootprintsA Directions: You will hear a passage about how to reduce our “carbon footprints”.Listen and answer the following questions.1) What is the average carbon footprint per person in the United Kingdom eachyear?Ten thousand kilograms.2) What does domestic energy consumption include?It includes both our gas and electricity3）What does recycle mean?Recycle means reuse things instead of easting them by just throwing them away.B Directions:Listen to the passage again. Complete the summary.Jackie Dalton and his colleagues intends to find out about how they can help the environment by changing the way they shop, travel and 1) use energy in their daily lives.A “carbon footprint” is a technical term to 2) measure the degree of harm people cause to the environment. It is decided by how much “greenhouse gas emissions” we each produce. The average carbon footprint per person in the United Kingdom each year is 3) ten thousand kilograms. According to David Reay, the environment expert, we are seeing 4) rapid increases in greenhouse gas and will see rapid climate change and need more time to adapt and to get more time we need to reduce 5) the rate of emissions that we are producing. We can bring down our emissions by as much as 60% without 6) changing our lifestyle radically. For example, we can use the energysaving light-bulbs, use more 7) public transport and use trains. Furthermore, John Barrett from the Stockholm Environment Institute lists the 8) domestic energy consumption as the main thing in our daily life that harms the environment. TapescriptJackie: Do you throw your bottles in the bin, drive a big heavy car, or leave the lights switched on when you go out? I’m Jackie Dalton and, as part of National Science Week in Britain, we are going to find out about how we can help the environment by changing the way we shop, travel and use energy in our daily lives: how we can reduce our “carbon footprints”. A “carbon footprint”is a measure of how much harm we cause to the environment in our everyday lives.It depends on how much “greenhouse gas emissions”we each produce.Greenhouse gases are gasses which have a warming effect on the Earth’s surface, causing what we call the “greenhouse effect”and climate change –changes in the general weather conditions. The average carbon footprint per person in the United Kingdom each year is ten thousand kilograms! What can we do to reduce this? As we find out, we’ll also practise some helpful expressions we can use when talking about the environment. We’ve heard a few already. Just as a reminder, they were:Voice: greenhouse gas emissionsthe greenhouse effectclimate changeJackie: We’re about to hear from environment expert, David Reay. Why does he think we need to reduce our carbon footprints?David: At the moment we’re seeing rapid increases in greenhouse gas. So we’ll see very rapid climate change and we need more time to adapt and to get more time we need to reduce the rate of emissions that we’re producing. So, really,each of us can play a role in giving us a bit more time.Jackie: Well, he says greenhouse gas emissions have gone up which means the climate will change quickly. And we need more time to adapt. To change theway we behave. So what are the main things in our daily lives that areharming the environment? John Barrett from the Stockholm EnvironmentInstitute is about to list three. What are they?John: Domestic energy consumption – that includes both our gas and electricity. Our transport use - again, combining air travel and our car travel… car travel at the moment being by far the most significant, although air travel is increasing rapidly. And, also, our food consumption…the distance our food has to travel, techniques, methods required to provide us with our food.Jackie: Did you get the answer? The three things were domestic energy consumption, which means the energy we use at home when we do things like watch television. The second was transport. And thirdly, food. Here in the UK, we drink bottled water from Canada, eat apples flown in from New Zealand and beans from Kenya…when w e can get all of these things here anyway! What a waste of energy! But we can make a difference. Two questions now: by howmuch could each of us cut down our carbon footprints? And would we have to make a big change to the way we live our lives? Weekender © BBC Learning EnglishDavid: There’s a lot we can do, lots of these small things to bring down our emissions significantly, so 60% is the figure which is the possibility for most people, without changing their lifestyle radically, the small things - the energy saving light-bulbs, using more public transport, using trains. These things can really make a big difference.Jackie: The answers to the questions are David thinks we can cut down out emissions by as much as 60%. We can do this without radical changes to our lifestyle –we would only have to make small changes in the way we live. So how much effort are people making already to reduce their carbon footprints? Do many ‘recycle’ which means re-use things instead of wasting them by just throwing them away? Listen to these people telling us what they do to help the environment.Insert(‘What I do to help the environment.’)Jackie: Well, if you want to measure your own carbon footprints and find out how you can make a difference, you can always go to the links at the bottom of our webpage. Meanwhile, don’t forget to turn off your lights when you don’t need them on, recycle your bottles and next time you’re about to switch on the TV, ask yourself whether you wouldn’t just rather go for a walk instead!4. Hybrid CarsA Directions:You will hear a passage about an introduction to hybrid cars. Whilelistening for the first time, write down some key words in the notes column.B Directions:Listen to the passage again and decide whether the followingstatements are true or false.1) By hybrid cars, we mean the cars are mixes between cars which are powered by petrol and cars which are powered by electricity. ( T ) 2) You need to recharge a hybrid car every day by plugging it into an electrical outlet.( F ) 3) Hybrid cars typically emit half the polluting particles of a regular car.( T ) 4) Fuel economy is a term which means how much fuel you can save on one liter or gallon of petrol. ( F ) 5) Hybrid cars are cheaper compared with all-gas counterparts in terms of the cars themselves, repairing, etc. ( F ) TapescriptThe word hybrid means a mixture of two ‘species’. For example, it’s possible to breed a tiger and a lion, and the resulting offspring isn’t 100% tiger and isn’t 100% lion –it’s a hybrid, a mix between the two animals. When we talk about cars being hybrid, we mean they are mixes between cars which are powered by petrol and cars which are powered by electricity.Most vehicles are, technically, hybrids, as they have batteries which are responsible for starting the car and powering headlights and other accessories. Many bus systems use hybrid technology – they may be partly powered by petrol, and partly powered by overhead electrical lines. However, we tend to use the term hybrid today not to mean these types of vehicles, but rather a car which uses a battery (that is, electricity) t o keep the engine going so that it doesn’t need to use as much petrol as other cars.Many people think that you need to recharge a hybrid car every day by plugging it into an electrical outlet. This is not true –in fact the battery is automatically recharged when you use the car.It’s a bit complicated, but basically, the car takes the energy generated when you use the brakes and adds it to the battery. I will mention, however, that some car manufacturers are now adding this as an option – Owners of some models can plug in their car overnight and run on only electricity for short trips.So what are some arguments in favor of hybrids? Well, first of all, people today are interested in the environment, talk about the environment, are concerned about the environment, and want to view themselves as part of the solution, not part of the problem. Probably the most popular reason to buy hybrid cars is that it says something about your attitude towards environmental concerns. A driver of a hybrid car is advertising his or her concern for the environment and is signaling that he or she is doing their part to solve the problem of air pollution.Of course, hybrid cars do help reduce air pollution. Hybrid cars typically emit half the polluting particles of a regular car. Of course, we should note that electric cars, cars which run only on electricity, emit no polluting particles, and are thereforemuch more environmentally friendly than hybrids.Another reason might be overall cost. Hybrid cars have better fuel economy than regular petrol-powered cars. Fuel economy is a term which means, basically, how far you can go on one liter or gallon of petrol. If you can go farther with less petrol, you will save money in the long run. This is very important to some consumers due to rising petrol costs.Some governments subsidize this technology, that is, they support the development of the technology by giving consumers extra incentive to buy hybrid cars. For example, in some countries, you do not have to pay as much tax on the purchase of a hybrid car as you would have to on a regular car. This is generally called a tax break and is another reason why a cost-conscious consumer might buy a hybrid car.What are the downsides, then? Well, first of all, there is a general perception of hybrid cars as being less powerful than ordinary cars. It’s true that you will generally not get the same power out of a hybrid, so if you are one of those people who like driving fast, you may not enjoy driving a hybrid.The second thing most people bring up as a disadvantage is the price. Hybrids are pricey. In general, they are about 20 percent more expensive than their all-gas counterparts. There are signs that this will change in the future – that hybrids will become less expensive with time, but for t he moment, you’ll have to be prepared to pay more. In addition to this, getting your hybrid repaired, if it needs repairing, will be more of a hassle and more expensive as there are relatively few mechanics out there who can handle hybrid repairs. Replacement parts may not be as easy to obtain, further driving up the cost and time of repair.Part III WatchingDirection: The extract is taken from the documentary “Home”. Watch the video and answer the questions.1) Why is methane compared to a climatic time bomb?Because methane is a greenhouse gas 20 times more powerful than carbon dioxide.2)What will happen if the permafrost melts?If the permafrost melts, the methane underground will emit and the greenhouse effect will be out of control with consequences no one can predict.AudioscriptHere in Siberia and elsewhere across the globe, it is so cold that the ground is constantly frozen. It’s known as permafrost. Under its surface lies a climatic time bomb: methane, a greenhouse gas 20 times more powerful than carbon dioxide.If the permafrost melts, the methane released would cause the greenhouse effect to race out of control, with consequences no one can predict. We would literally be inunknown territory. Humanity has no more than 10 years to reverse the trend and avoid crossing into this territory?Life on Earth as we have never known it. We have created phenomena we cannot control. Since our origins, water, air and forms of life are intimately linked. But recently, we have broken those links. Let’s face the facts. We must believe what we know. All that we have just seen is a reflection of human behavior. We have shaped the Earth in our image. We have very little time to change. How can this century carry the burden of nine billion human beings... if we refuse to be called to account for everything we alone have done?Part IV Oral PracticeRole Play: An interview on TVDirections: You are interviewing an official with the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) as a host (hostess) at a local TV station. You put forward several questions concerning the environmental protection and methods different nations adopt to protect the earth.Possible questions for the host (hostess)—What do you think are the biggest problems facing the environment?—Do you think that global warming is caused by humans or part of the natural cycle of the earth?—Have any countries implemented any initiatives or policies to protect the environment, such as recycling, litter laws, etc.? Have they made any effects? —What do you think is more responsible for pollution, individual people or the government?—What do you think about the potential of alternative energy sources or renewable energy such as solar power, wind power and wave power?—Do you think overpopulation is an important issue?—What do you think of environmental groups like Greenspace?—According to a report, China’s investment in renewable energy grew 18% in 2007 to $15.6 billion, accounting for 10% of the global investment in this area. What do you think of this?—What can every individual do to protect our environment?Enrichment Reading (略)。
研究生学术综合英语test阅读答案及翻译
Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy 51. Which of the following is true about Olson?关于Olson，以下哪项是正确的He taught economics at the University of Maryland.他在马里兰大学教授经济学。
52. Which of the following represents Olson's point of view?以下哪项代表奥尔森的观点？Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.保护个人财产权可以促进财富的积累。
53. What does Olson think about mass production?奥尔森如何看待批量生产？It's property intensive.这是财产密集型54. What is the basis for the banking system?银行体系的基础是什么？A contract system that can be enforced.可以强制执行的合同系统。
55. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?奥尔森认为，第三世界国家经济欠佳的原因是什么？Lack of secure individual property rights.缺乏安全的个人财产权。
56. What is the other economists' opinion about the poor economies of the Third World?其他经济学家对第三世界的贫困经济有何看法？A free market is not let to determine the prices and quantities of goods.自由市场不允许确定商品的价格和数量。
研究生英语阅读教程(李光立基础级第三版)1-12课后习题答案翻译
A. evolveB. Constitute形成C. tolerateD. aroused
9. Because of this, a strong administrative ______ was needed to plan the use of scarce resources, organize production and regulate distribution.
10. But if animal populations are too small, then they simplydie out.
III. Cloze
There are ten blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given for each blank. [criteria: (1)semantic/ (2)grammatic]
point upby and largetake indescentfor good or ill
leave asidecrystal cleardie outendangerlay... at the door of
1. The book concludes with a review of the possible impact (influence) of more intimate computersfor good or ill, in various areas of human life.
研究生学术综合英语test阅读答案及翻译
Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy 51. Which of the following is true about Olson?关于Olson，以下哪项是正确的He taught economics at the University of Maryland.他在马里兰大学教授经济学。
52. Which of the following represents Olson's point of view?以下哪项代表奥尔森的观点？Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.保护个人财产权可以促进财富的积累。
53. What does Olson think about mass production?奥尔森如何看待批量生产？It's property intensive.这是财产密集型54. What is the basis for the banking system?银行体系的基础是什么？A contract system that can be enforced.可以强制执行的合同系统。
55. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?奥尔森认为，第三世界国家经济欠佳的原因是什么？Lack of secure individual property rights.缺乏安全的个人财产权。
56. What is the other economists' opinion about the poor economies of the Third World?其他经济学家对第三世界的贫困经济有何看法？A free market is not let to determine the prices and quantities of goods.自由市场不允许确定商品的价格和数量。
研究生英语阅读教程答案-重庆大学出版社 Unit7 Biography
Unit 7 Biography课后练习答案Passage AFriedrich Engels: A Very Special Business AngelThe self-effacing friend who enabled Das Kapital to be writtenKeys to ExercisesI Reading Comprehension1. C2. B3. B4. D5. C6. D7. A8. B9. D 10. CII. Vocabulary1. C2. C3. B4. A5. D6. B7. D8. B9. C 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. D 16. B 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. AIII. Word Bank1. embark2. grumpily3. collaborated4. on and off5. play second fiddle6. ruthless7. tied up8. hand in glove with9. big-hearted 10. hangers-onIV. Cloze1-5 DBCCA 6-10 BDCBD 11-15 ABCCBV. Translation1.Postmen are forced to walk faster and deliver back-breaking quantities of junk mail.2.In history, the rise of great powers is often brutal and bloody.3.Whenever you have an aim you must sacrifice something of freedom to attain it.ernment agencies, however, have found ways of making computer companies hand overthose keys.5.You should learn to stop blaming others for your failures, and to take responsibility for yourown destiny.6.In May 1857 a Commission to study the whole question of the army medical service began tosit. The price was high. Florence Nightingale was doing this grueling work because it was vital, not because she had chosen it. She had changed. Now she was more brilliant in argument than ever, more efficient, more knowledgeable, more persistent and penetrating in her reasoning, scrupulously just, mathematically accurate—but she was pushing herself to the very limits of her capacity at the expense of all joy.课文参考翻译商贾天使弗里德里希〃恩格斯使《资本论》得以问世的谦卑友人去年秋天金融危机爆发之际，卡尔〃马克思的《资本论》（1867年初版）一跃登上了各个畅销书排行榜。
研究生英语阅读教程(基础级)第一章课后习题答案
研究生英语阅读教程（基础级）第一章课后习题答案Lesson 1 Developing Your ReadingEfficiencyREADING SELECTIONAWorld English:A Blessing or a CurseI.READING COMPREHENSION1.B2.B3.C4.D5.A6.D7.C8.D9.C 10.CII.VOCABULARYA1.T h e r e h a s b e e n m u c h o p p o s i t i o n f r o m s o c i a l g r o u p s,f r o m t h e f a r m i ng c o m m u n i t y.A.s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d l y(直接地)B.n o t a b l y(显著地，尤其)C.v i r t u a l l y(事实上)D.e x c e p t i o n a l l y(例外地)正确答案：B译文:社会团体，尤其是农业团体，对此有许多反对意见。
2. T h e v i e w i n B r i t a i n a n d o t h e r W e s t e r n c o u n t r i e sa s s o c i a t e s a g i n g w i t h d e c l i n e,d e p e n d e n c y,i s o l a t i o n, a n d o f t e n p o v e r t y.A.p r e d o m i n a n t(占支配地位的)B.c r e d u l o u s(轻信的)C.i n c l u s i v e(包含的)D.s u s t a i n a b l e(可持续的)正确答案：A译文:英国和其他西方国家的主流观点认为，老龄化意味着衰落、依赖、孤立，而且往往是贫穷。
研究生英语阅读教程Unit1课后作业及答案
V ocabulary: Choice QuestionC 。
1The Car Connectivity Consortium was founded under U.S. law as a limited liability corporation. CA assetsB businessC responsibilityD investmentC ）2Suffering was easier to bear than the bitterness he felt corroding his spirit.CA inspiringB revealingC destroyingDreleasing2、Reading Comprehension: Choice QuestionB The "black swan" in Paragraph 4 means that the thing in question________.A is preciousBrarely happensCis only our dreamD catches our attention4）A By "the pattern seems clear" (Paragraph 1), the author implies that what happened at Deepwater Horizon________.A has its unique reasonsB is not an isolated eventC is avoidable if taken seriouslyD is unavoidable no matter what5）A By "it would be foolish to think that the only risks we are still underestimating are the ones that have suddenly become salient" in Paragraph 9, the author means to stress that________.A there are also risks in fields other than the oil industryB there are more risks in the oil industry than we have knownC we no longer underestimate the risks in the oil industryD we should be careful not to underestimate the risks again in the future.A 6）The author describes in detail the greenhouse gas effect to________.A re mind people of the possible risks aheadB t ry to persuade the global warming skepticsC tell people to face reality and take initiativesD convince people of the reliability of his information3、V ocabulary: Choice Question7）D）Sales are reminiscent of the 2008 holiday season when merchandise was marked down 50% to 80%. Aback fromB different fromCbetter thanD similar to4、Reading Comprehension: Choice QuestionC The author specifically mentions Joe Barton's criticism of BP to emphasize that________.A public opinions matter in the case of the oil spillsB the oil industry should impose pressure on BPC BP has indeed made unforgivable wrong decisionsD the fight against the oil industry is inconsistent5、V ocabulary: Choice Question9）D ou agree to waive the claim, which speaks well for your friendly attitude and close cooperation.A startB continueC changeD quit6、Reading Comprehension: Choice Question10 B Things with the high stakes________.A should be left to the market aloneB can be better handled with government helpC can be better solved by the market than the governmentD may be made worse by government intervention11）D Michael Greenstone would summarize the role played by the 1990 law as________.A beneficialB unpredictableC negligibleD adverse12 D The author's purpose in writing the article is to________.A call on the public to condemn the oil industryB offer solutions to the problems in the oil industryC expose the deal between the industry and the governmentD analyze the reasons behind the oil disasters and issue warnings7、Cloze13）.（20分）There are ten blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the right word or phrase from the list given below for each of the blanks. Change the form if necessary.unexpected regardless of necessarily puzzle altersevere come up with shrink wisdom tendResearchers in California have found that birds around San Francisco Bay have slowly gotten bigger over the last 27 to 40 years. The finding is certainly interesting—because it counters some conventional_ _ wisdom 1__on how animals respond to climate change.A well-known ecological rule, called Bergmann's Rule, states that animals__ tend 2__to be larger at higher latitudes. It is believed that this occurs because larger animals are better able to conserve body heat. Bergmann's Rule, then, would suggest that animals will__ shrink 3__in size as their native climates get warmer."We had the good fortune to find a(n)_ unexpected _4__result," Rae Goodman, the researcher at the SanFrancisco State who led the study explained, "but we were then left with the_ puzzle _5__of figuring out what was going on."They__6 come up with __several possibilities, all indicating that birds—and ultimately other animals—may respond to climate change in unexpected ways. One theory is that the larger body size was caused by fat stores which have increased in response to__ severe7__weather events. Another was that changes in plant ecology could have__ altered 8__the birds' diet, leading to increased body sizes.__ Regardless of 9__the specific mechanism, it is clear that climate change is causing significant shifts in traits—like body size—that don't usually exhibit much flexibility.Though the finding was unexpected, however, it was not _ necessarily _10__ all bad news. "It gave me a little more hope," Study Co-Author Gretchen LeBuhn explained, "that these birds are able to respond—hopefully in time—to changes in climate."8、V ocabulary: Choice Question14）B About 1% to 2% of the population are affected by temporary loss of smell: drugs, pollution and pregnancy can all distort the senses.A work withB interfere withC associate withD come with15 A Humans have trouble evaluating risks that are not salient.A noticeableB uniqueC acceptableD real9、V ocabulary: Blank Filling）Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.1. The Secretary of State for Environment has the power to_ cap _1__councils which plan to spend excessively.2. __2 In the wake of __two heart surgeries, Clinton, 65, has lost 25 pounds and appears fit.3. Ernest seems to have as many lives as the__ proverbial3__cat.4. Most of my worries__ stem from 4__wondering whether or not I'm pleasing the woman I'm with.5. At room temperature, the__ odds 5__of that happening are once in a billion years.6. It is very wet here, a big surprise_ given _6__the fact this is a polar desert.7. Celebrity sometimes makes people think they are fireproof: their fans love them__ come what may 7__.8. _ Far from _8__being relaxed, we both felt so uncomfortable that we hardly spoke.9. If anything, money spent on political donations and lobbying holds more__ sway 9__when it is unexamined.10. __ In retrospect 10__, I wished I had thought about alternative courses of action.10、Reading Comprehension: Choice Question17）C People's fear of planes after the 9/11 attacks________.A is understandableB drives them crazyC cannot be fully justifiedD proves to be well-grounded11、V ocabulary: Choice Question18）B His wife set about upbraiding him for neglecting the children.A encouragingB criticizingC understandingD hating19）A For the would-be online criminals, the likelihood of their getting caught and punished is vanishingly small, yet the profits are great.A extremelyB probablyC unfortunatelyD slightly20）C Do you look forward to old age, or do you dread frailty, loss of memory and dependence on others?A lonelinessB povertyC weaknessD illness12、Reading Comprehension: Choice Question21 D How might Robert Stavins comment on the BP executives and their mistakes?A Nobody in their right mind would make such mistakes.B They have everything in their power to avoid the mistakes.C These mistakes are actually beyond human control.D These mistakes, though serious, reflect common human weakness.13、V ocabulary: Choice Question22）D I greatly enjoy these meetings unless I have to make a speech, in which case I'm in a state of dreadful anxiety.A unexpectedB naturalC understandableD terrible。
研究生英语阅读教程Unit1课后作业及答案
研究生英语阅读教程Unit1课后作业及答案V ocabulary: Choice QuestionC 。
1The Car Connectivity Consortium was founded under U.S. law as a limited liability corporation. CA assetsB businessC responsibilityD investmentC ）2Suffering was easier to bear than the bitterness he felt corroding his spirit.CA inspiringB revealingC destroyingDreleasing2、Reading Comprehension: Choice QuestionB The "black swan" in Paragraph 4 means that the thing in question________.A is preciousBrarely happensCis only our dreamD catches our attention4）A By "the pattern seems clear" (Paragraph 1), the author implies that what happened at Deepwater Horizon________.A has its unique reasonsB is not an isolated eventC is avoidable if taken seriouslyD is unavoidable no matter what5）A By "it would be foolish to think that the only risks we are still underestimating are the ones that have suddenly becomesalient" in Paragraph 9, the author means to stress that________.A there are also risks in fields other than the oil industryB there are more risks in the oil industry than we have knownC we no longer underestimate the risks in the oil industryD we should be careful not to underestimate the risks again in the future.A 6）The author describes in detail the greenhouse gas effect to________.A re mind people of the possible risks aheadB t ry to persuade the global warming skepticsC tell people to face reality and take initiativesD convince people of the reliability of his information3、V ocabulary: Choice Question7）D）Sales are reminiscent of the 2008 holiday season when merchandise was marked down 50% to 80%. Aback fromB different fromCbetter thanD similar to4、Reading Comprehension: Choice QuestionC The author specifically mentions Joe Barton's criticism of BP to emphasize that________.A public opinions matter in the case of the oil spillsB the oil industry should impose pressure on BPC BP has indeed made unforgivable wrong decisionsD the fight against the oil industry is inconsistent5、V ocabulary: Choice Question9）D ou agree to waive the claim, which speaks well for your friendly attitude and close cooperation.A startB continueC changeD quit6、Reading Comprehension: Choice Question10 B Things with the high stakes________.A should be left to the market aloneB can be better handled with government helpC can be better solved by the market than the governmentD may be made worse by government intervention11）D Michael Greenstone would summarize the role played by the 1990 law as________.A beneficialB unpredictableC negligibleD adverse12 D The author's purpose in writing the article is to________.A call on the public to condemn the oil industryB offer solutions to the problems in the oil industryC expose the deal between the industry and the governmentD analyze the reasons behind the oil disasters and issue warnings7、Cloze13）.（20分）There are ten blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the right word or phrase from the list given below for each of the blanks. Change the form if necessary.unexpected regardless of necessarily puzzle altersevere come up with shrink wisdom tendResearchers in California have found that birds around San Francisco Bay have slowly gotten bigger over the last 27 to 40 years. The finding is certainly interesting—because it counterssome conventional_ _ wisdom 1__on how animals respond to climate change.A well-known ecological rule, called Bergmann's Rule, states that animals__ tend 2__to be larger at higher latitudes. It is believed that this occurs because larger animals are better able to conserve body heat. Bergmann's Rule, then, would suggest that animals will__ shrink 3__in size as their native climates get warmer."We had the good fortune to find a(n)_ unexpected _4__result," Rae Goodman, the researcher at the SanFrancisco State who led the study explained, "but we were then left with the_ puzzle _5__of figuring out what was going on."They__6 come up with __several possibilities, all indicating that birds—and ultimately other animals—may respond to climate change in unexpected ways. One theory is that the larger body size was caused by fat stores which have increased in response to__ severe7__weather events. Another was that changes in plant ecology could have__ altered 8__the birds' diet, leading to increased body sizes.__ Regardless of 9__the specific mechanism, it is clear that climate change is causing significant shifts in traits—like body size—that don't usually exhibit much flexibility.Though the finding was unexpected, however, it was not _ necessarily _10__ all bad news. "It gave me a little more hope," Study Co-Author Gretchen LeBuhn explained, "that these birds are able to respond—hopefully in time—to changes in climate."8、V ocabulary: Choice Question14）B About 1% to 2% of the population are affected by temporary loss of smell: drugs, pollution and pregnancy can all distort the senses.A work withB interfere withC associate withD come with15 A Humans have trouble evaluating risks that are not salient.A noticeableB uniqueC acceptableD real9、V ocabulary: Blank Filling）Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.1. The Secretary of State for Environment has the power to_ cap _1__councils which plan to spend excessively.2. __2 In the wake of __two heart surgeries, Clinton, 65, has lost 25 pounds and appears fit.3. Ernest seems to have as many lives as the__ proverbial3__cat.4. Most of my worries__ stem from 4__wondering whether or not I'm pleasing the woman I'm with.5. At room temperature, the__ odds 5__of that happening are once in a billion years.6. It is very wet here, a big surprise_ given _6__the fact this isa polar desert.7. Celebrity sometimes makes people think they are fireproof: their fans love them__ come what may 7__.8. _ Far from _8__being relaxed, we both felt so uncomfortable that we hardly spoke.9. If anything, money spent on political donations and lobbying holds more__ sway 9__when it is unexamined.10. __ In retrospect 10__, I wished I had thought about alternative courses of action.10、Reading Comprehension: Choice Question17）C People's fear of planes after the 9/11 attacks________.A is understandableB drives them crazyC cannot be fully justifiedD proves to be well-grounded11、V ocabulary: Choice Question18）B His wife set about upbraiding him for neglecting the children.A encouragingB criticizingC understandingD hating19）A For the would-be online criminals, the likelihood of their getting caught and punished is vanishingly small, yet the profits are great.A extremelyB probablyC unfortunatelyD slightly20）C Do you look forward to old age, or do you dread frailty, loss of memory and dependence on others?A lonelinessB povertyC weaknessD illness12、Reading Comprehension: Choice Question21 D How might Robert Stavins comment on the BP executives and their mistakes?A Nobody in their right mind would make such mistakes.B They have everything in their power to avoid the mistakes.C These mistakes are actually beyond human control.D These mistakes, though serious, reflect common human weakness.13、V ocabulary: Choice Question22）D I greatly enjoy these meetings unless I have to make a speech, in which case I'm in a state of dreadful anxiety.A unexpectedB naturalC understandableD terrible。
研究生英语阅读教程(基础级)第三版 课后习题答案 Lesson 1
Unit OneWorld English: A Blessing or a Curse (p7)1. There has been much opposition from social groups, B from the farmingcommunity.A. straightforwardly(直接地)B. notably（显著地，尤其）C. virtually（事实上）D. exceptionally（例外地）译文：社会团体，尤其是农业团体，对此有许多反对意见。
2. The A view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.A. predominant（占支配地位的）B. credulous（轻信的）C. inclusive（包含的）D. sustainable（可持续的）译文：英国和其他西方国家的主流观点认为，老龄化意味着衰落、依赖、孤立，而且往往是贫穷。
3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most D of governments.A. tough（困难的）B. demanding（苛求的）C. diverse（不同的）D. benign（有利的；善良的）译文：但是，这样的礼物不可能由法官或最仁慈的政府颁发给所有人。
4. The foreman read the C of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.A. prejudice（偏见）B. verification（政审）C. verdict（判断；裁决）D. punishment（惩罚）译文：陪审团念了十四遍有罪判决，为每位被告都念了一遍。
研究生英语阅读教程(基础级)第三版 课后习题答案 Lesson 2
1. Would passengers please turn off your electronic devices before the commencement ofthe fight?A. boarding(上飞机，船等)B. landing（降落，着陆）C. take-off（起飞）D. check-in（办理登机手续）译文：乘客请在飞机起飞前关掉电子设备好吗?2. My father appreciated the calligraphy of the 18th century very much.A. ideology（思想意识）B. artistry（艺术）C. philosophy（哲学）D. handwriting（书法）译文：我父亲非常欣赏18世纪的书法。
3. At first the president threatened to dismiss me, but later he relented.A. softened（使温和）B. regretted（后悔；遗憾）C. withdrew（撤销；收回）D. altered（改变）译文：起初总统威胁要解雇我，但后来他软化了态度。
4. My grandma is so naive as to believe everything she reads.A. ignorant（无知的，愚昧的）B. credulous（轻信的）C. amiable（和蔼可亲的）D. vulnerable（易受伤害的）译文：我奶奶太天真了，她什么都相信。
5. The intuition of the language is a must for a competent translator.A. master（硕士；主人；大师）B. inspiration（灵感）C. familiarity（熟悉）D. sense（感觉）译文：对于一个称职的翻译来说，语言的直觉是必不可少的。
研究生英语阅读练习题（附答案）
１Part I Reading Comprehension (20%) Directions: Directions: Each Each Each of of of the the the following following following passage passage passage below below below is is is followed followed followed by by by some some some questions. questions. questions. For For For each each each question question question there there there are are are four four four answers answers marked A, B, C and D. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your on the ANSWER SHEET. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage ：In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage containers. Within a year, consumers had retu millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and gla raw materials for new products, but because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it wound up bu landfills The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic. Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled in the United states. The reason for the change is that now th dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brus etc. As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of rubbish. A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second life-and until economic arrangem exist to give that second life value. Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actu depress prices for used materials. Shrinking Shrinking landfill landfill landfill space, space, space, and and and rising rising rising costs costs costs for for for burying burying burying and and and burning burning burning rubbish rubbish rubbish are are are forcing forcing forcing local local local governments governments governments to to to look look look more more closely closely at at at recycling recycling recycling In In In many many many areas, areas, areas, the the the East East East Coast, Coast, Coast, especially, especially, especially, recycling recycling recycling is is is already already already the the the least least least expensive expensive expensive waste-management waste-management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to s of more than $ 100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution contro energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material 1.What regulation was issued by New York State concerning beverage containers? A) Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles. B) Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling. C) A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling. D) Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them. 2.The returned plastic bottles in New York used to _________. A) end up somewhere underground. B) Be turned into raw materials. C) Have a second-life value. D) Be separated form other rubbish. 3.The key problem in dealing with returned plastic beverage containers is ______. A) to sell them at a profitable price. B) How to turn them into useful things. C) How to reduce their recycling costs. D) To lower the prices for used materials. 4.Recycling has become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because _____. A) local governments find it easy to manage. B) Recycling has great appeal for the jobless. C) Recycling causes little pollution. D) Other methods are more expensive. ２5.It can be concluded from the passage that _______. A) rubbish is a potential remedy for the shortage of raw materials. B) Local governments in the US can expect big profits from recycling. C) Recycling is to be recommended both economically and environmentally. D) Landfills will still be widely used for waste disposal. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: With With the the the possible possible possible exception exception exception of of of equal equal equal rights, rights, rights, perhaps perhaps perhaps the the the most most most controversial controversial controversial issue issue issue across across across the United the United States States today today today is is is the the death penalty. Many argue that it is an effective deterrent to murder, while others maintain there is no convincing evidence the death penalty reduces the number of murders. The The principal principal principal argument argument argument advanced advanced advanced by by by those those those opposed opposed opposed to to to the the the death death death penalty, penalty, penalty, basically, basically, basically, is is is that that that it it it is is is cruel cruel cruel and and and inhuman inhuman punishment, that it is the mark of a brutal society, and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to anyway. In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary evil. Throughout recorded history there have always been those extr individuals individuals in in in every every every society society society who who who were were were capable capable capable of of of terribly terribly terribly violent violent violent crimes crimes crimes such such such as as as murder. murder. murder. But But But some some some are are are more more more extreme extreme extreme than than others. For example, it is one thing to take the life of another in a fit of blind rage, but quite another to coldly plot and the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of relative While it could be argued with some conviction that the criminal in the first instance should be merely isolated from so such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer. The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to debate. But the overwhelming majority of c believe that the death penalty protects them. Their belief is reinforced by evidence which shows that the death penalty d murder. murder. For For For example, example, example, from from from 1954 1954 1954 to to to 1963, 1963, 1963, when when when the the the death death death penalty penalty penalty was was was consistently consistently consistently imposed imposed imposed in in in California, California, California, the the the murder murder murder rate rate remained between three and four murders for each 100,000 population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been imposed once, and the murder rate has risen to 10.4 murders for each 100,000 population. The sharp climb in the state's murde which began when executions stopped, is no coincidence. It is convincing evidence that the death penalty does deter m murderers. If the bill reestablishing the death penalty is vetoed, innocent people will be murdered-some whose lives may h been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is literally a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of innocent must be protected. 6. The principal purpose of this passage is to _______. A. criticize the government B. argue for the value of the death penalty C. speak for the majority D. initiate a veto 7. The passage attempts to establish a relationship between _______. A. the importance of equal rights and that of the death penalty B. executions and murders C. the murder rate and the imposition of the death penalty D. the effects of execution and the effects of isolation 8. The author's response to those who urge the death penalty for all degrees of murder would most likely be _______. A. supportive B. hostile C. rigative D. friendly 9. In the passage the author is primarily concerned with _______. A. supporting a position B. describing an event C. analyzing a problem objectively D. settling a dispute ３10. It can be inferred that the author thinks that _______. A. the veto of the bill reestablishing the death penalty is of little importance B. the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be debated C. the death penalty is the most controversial issue in the United States today D. the second type murderers (in Paragraph 4) should be sentenced to death Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage: The competition among producers of personal computer is essentially arace to get the best, most innovative product the marketplace. Marketers in this environment frequently have to make a judgement as to their competitors' role when mak marketing marketing strategy strategy strategy decisions. decisions. decisions. If If If major major major competitors competitors competitors are are are changing changing changing their their their products,then products,then products,then a a a marketer marketer marketer may may may want want want to to to follow follow follow suit suit suit to to remain competive. Apple Computer, Inc.has introduced two new, faster personal computers, the Mackintosh II and Mackinto SE, in anticipation of the introduction of a new PC by IBM, one of Apple's major competitors. Apple's new computers are much faster and more powerful than its earlier models. The improved Mackintosh is abl run programs that previously were impossible to run on an Apple PC, including IBM-compatibal programs. This compatibil feature illustrates computer manufacturers' new attitude of giving customers the features they want. Making Apple compute captible of runing IBM software is Apple's effort at making the Mackintosh compatible with IBM computers and thus m popular in office, where Apple hopes to increase ers of the Apple can also add accessories to make their mac specialize in specific uses, such as engineering and writing. The new computers represent a big improvement over past models, but they also cost much more. Company officials not think the higher price will slow down buyers who want to step up to a more powerful computer. Apple wants to high-price end of the personal computer market to finance research for even faster, more sophisticated computers. Even Even though though though Apple Apple Apple and and and IBM IBM IBM are are are major major major competitors, competitors, competitors, both both both companies companies companies realize realize realize that that that their their their competitor's competitor's competitor's computers computers computers have have certain certain features features features that that that their their their own own own models models models do do do not. not. not. The Apple The Apple line line has has always always been been been popular popular popular for for its its sophisticated sophisticated sophisticated color color color graphics, graphics, whereas whereas the the the IBM IBM IBM machines machines machines have have have always always always been been been favored favored favored in in in offices. offices. offices. In In In the the the future, future, future, there there there will will will probably probably probably be be be more more more compatibility compatibility between the two companies' products, which no doubt will require that both Apple and IBM change marketing strategies. 11.According 11.According to to to the the the passage, passage, passage, Apple Apple Apple Computer, Computer, Computer, Inc, Inc, Inc, has has has introduced introduced introduced the the the Mackintosh Mackintosh Mackintosh II II II and and and the the the Mackintosh Mackintosh Mackintosh SE SE SE because because ___________. A)IBM is changing its computer models cintinuously B)it wants to make its machines specialize in specific uses C)it wants to stay ahead of IBM in the competitive computer market D)it expects its major competitor IBM to follow its example 12.Apple hopes to increase Mackintosh sales chiefly by _________. A)making its new models capable of running IBM software B)improving the color graphics of its new models C)copying the marketing stratefies of IBM D)giving the customers what they want 13.Apple sells its new computer model at a high price because_______. A)they have new features and functions B)they are more sophisticated than other models C)they have new accessories attached D)it wants to accumulate funds for future research 14.It can be inferred from the passage that both Apple and IBM try to gain a competitive advantage by_______. A)copying each other's technology B)incorporating features that make their products distinctive ４C)making their computers more expensive D)making their computers run much faster 15.The best title for the passage would be_______. A)Apple's Effort to Stay Ahead of IBM B)Apple's New Computer Technology C)Apple's New personal Computers D)Apple's Research Activities Questions16 to 20 are based on the following passage: How to eat healthfully can be especially complex for working women who often have neither the desire nor the tim cook for themselves (or anyone else). Registered dietitian Barbara Morrissey suggests that a few simple rules can help. "Go for nutrient-dense foods,"she suggests, "foods that contain a multiple of nutrients. For example, select whole wh bread as a breakfast food, rather than coffee cake. Or drink orange juice rather than orange drink, which contains only a percentage percentage of of of real real real juice-the juice-the juice-the rest rest rest is is is largely largely largely colored colored colored sugar sugar sugar water. water. water. Y Y ou just just can't can't can't compare compare compare the the the value value value of of of these these these foods, foods, foods, the the nutrient-dense ones are so superior,"she emphasizes. Morrissey believes that variety is not only the spice of life-it's the foundation of a healthful diet. Diets which are bas only one or two foods are not only virtually impossible to sustain, they can be very harmful, she says, because nutrients supplied in sufficient amounts or balance. According to Morrissey, trying to find a diet that will cure your illnesses, or make you superwoman is a fruitless se As women, many of us are too concerned with staying thin, she says, and we believe that vitamins are some kind of mag to replace food. "We need carbohydrates, protein and fat-they are like the wood in the fireplace. The vitamins and minerals are the m the spark, for the fuel," she explains. "We need them all, but in very different proportions. And if the fuel isn't there, the is useless." 16. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that working women _______. A. think cooking is especially complicated B. do not share the same views with registered dietitians C. are busy and not interested in cooking D. are likely to eat healthfully 17. Orange juice is different from orange drink in that _______. A. it contains only a small percentage of real juice B. it is nttural, nutritious and prepared from real oranges C. it is largely orange-colored sugar water D. it produces nothing but calories 18. In paragraph 4, "a fruitless search" means _______. A. an effort with no results B. a search for a diet without fruits C. a research on fruitless diets D. a diet serving as medicine 19. Many women take it for granted, according to the passage, that ______. A. a balanced diet can result in being fat B. staying thin and healthy are both possible C. lack of variety in diets leads to staying thin ５D. vitamins are some kind of substitutions for food 20. By "if the fuel isn't there, the spark is useless", the author means _______. A. carbohydrates, protein and fat are enough to rsustain a human life B. vitamins and minerals are virtually of no value C. carbohydrates, protein and fat are as important as vitamins and minerals D. without carbohydrates, protein and fat, vitamins and minerals are of no use Part II cloze (10%) Direction: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, Direction: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C D. Choose the best one and mark you answer on the ANSWER SHEET . When my turn came I was thinking hard about how to jump out properly, and not asking myself whether to jump o Then the green light went up, the man in front of me shot 21 : I clutched the sides of the door-way, 22 the air outside the plane seem to be screeching past. One, two---the dispatcher was beside me 23 with his arm like a boxing referee---then the order to jump, and 24 fixedly ahedad so as not to look down, I wrenched with both arms. The next half-second is 25 which no one who has experienced a first 26 can ever forget, or indeed contemplate calmly, 27 is anyone likely to be able to imagine it merely from a 28 . The parachutist jumps 29 a static atmosphere inside the 30 into the slipstream flowing past outside 31 perhaps 40 to 320 km per hour, and immdediately it seems that a 32 mighty wind or raging torrent has 33 one side of his body. I have never felt so 34 in the power of blind 35 forces, completely beyond the control of my own 36 . To be rolled about and knocked over by waves might feel something like 37 , if you could 38 the sea about you moving at twice the pace of a racing motorist. Then Then suddenly suddenly suddenly there there there was was was a a a hard hard hard tug tug tug at at at my my my shoulders, shoulders, shoulders, and and and the the 39 of of being being being a a a snowflake snowflake snowflake in in in a a a maelstrom maelstrom maelstrom ceased ceased ceased as as abruptly as it had begun. The parachute had 40 . 21. A. up B. down C. out D. away 22. A. when B. as C. for D.while 23. A. shaking B. waving C. signaling D. counting 24. A. looking B. keeping C. seeing D. holding 25. A. nothing B. something C. that D. somewhat 26. A. chance B. time C.jump D. shot 27. A. nor B. either C. scarecely D. hardly 28. A. description B. jump C. referee D. dispatcher 29. A. in B. with C. around D. from 30. A. room B. plane C. space D. body 31. A. from B. between C. within D. at 32. A. growing B. gushing C. rushing D. coming 33. A.struck B. stuck C. stripped D. staked 34. A. hopeless B. helpless C. tearless D. dauntless 35. A.vital B. ocean C. physical D. tidal 36. A. skill B. feat C. parachute D. will 37. A. those B. it C. floating D. diving 38. A. pretend B. dream C. imagine D. fancy 39. A. impression B. sensation C. excitement D. surprise 40. A. opened B. finished C. completed D. broken ６Part III Translation(10%) Directions: There is one short passage below. Translate the passage into Chinese and write down your version on the ANSW SHEET. Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of living organis and and the the the nature nature nature of of of matter matter matter itself. itself. itself. The The The invention invention invention of of of the the the visible-light visible-light visible-light microscope microscope microscope late late late in in in the the the sixteenth sixteenth sixteenth century century century introduced introduced introduced a a previously unknown realm of single-celled plants and animals. In the twentieth century, electron microscopes have provid direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structure. Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes x-rays rather light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny details; it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world. Part IV Wrting (20 Points) Directions: Write an article to an English newspaper discussing laid-off workers and re-employment in China. In your art you should 1) describe briefly the present situation of unemployment. 2) analyze the causes of it. 3) give advice on re-employment. Keys to Reading Comprehension 1.D 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.A10.D 11.C 12.A 13.D14.B15.A16.C 17.B18.A 19.D 20.D (61.A 62.C 63.A 64.D 65.A 66.C 67.A 68.D 69.A 70.B) Writing V ersion Recent Recent years years years have have have witnessed witnessed witnessed a a a steady steady steady rise rise rise of of of unemployment unemployment unemployment rate rate rate in in in China. China. China. On On On the the the one one one hand, hand, hand, factories factories factories are are are either either introducing more automated equipments or simply closing down. On the other hand, more and more workers are being laid The The present present present situation situation situation of of of unemployment unemployment unemployment can can can be be be attributed attributed attributed to to to several several several factors. factors. factors. For For For one one one thing, thing, thing, intense intense intense competition competition competition from from private private and and and foreign foreign foreign enterprises enterprises enterprises is is is reducing reducing reducing many many many state-owned state-owned state-owned factories factories factories to to to bankruptcy, bankruptcy, bankruptcy, which which which renders renders renders a a a large large large proportion proportion proportion of of workers jobless. For another, the arrival of information age and the rapid high-tech development are reshaping the facto workers jobless. For another, the arrival of information age and the rapid high-tech development are reshaping the factor which means that fewer workers will do all the work and thus the unemployment. To solve this problem, the government should try to create more job opportunities for the workers. In the meantime workers themselves will have to "go back to schools" to receive reeducation or training so as to adjust themselves to th requirements of the job market. Keys to cloze 21.c 22.c 23.d 24.a 25.b 26.c 27.a 28.a 29.d 30.b 31.d 32.c 33.a 34.b 35.d 36.d 37.b 38.c 39.b 40.a 。
研究生英语阅读教程(第二版基础级)英语课后习题答案
Section A Guessing about Different OccupationsExercise 11. air hostess2. teacher3. dentists4.shop assistant5. tour guide6. salesman7. disc jockey8. traffic warden9. waiter 10. taxi driverExercise 21. airways, flight2. homework3. open up wide, filling, chipped4. larger size, fit, stock5. building, designed6. buys, products7. record, radio 8. yellow line, no-parking, traffic9. menu, chef 10. road, parkSection B Taking MessagesExercise 11. Meet Stacey at school at 4:30 .Stacey has told others.Bring volleyball and Stacey's money.2. Dinner with Tim on Thursday.Will meet at 7:00 instead of 6: 3 0.Will pick you up at your place.3. Dr White.Dental check-up.Thursday, 2 pm.Call if not convenient.4. Diane called.Ruth Lee needs a ride tomorrow.Can you take her?Call her 547-68925. Car ready next Tuesday.Car needed a lot of work.Replaced battery but still working on starter.Will cost around $ 350.You need new snow tires.Section C Leaving a MessageExercise 11. Petty.2. Jenny.3.4.Exercise 21. a hair-dryer2. ring3. the end of May4. shoeExercise 3 4.48 5 3 7 2 4 6 9 1Section D What's HappeningExercise 1A. 6B. 5C. 2D. 3E. 4F. 1Picture A: Yes, delicious, like to have some more.Picture B: Yes, good teacher.Picture C: Yes, great game. What a Play!Picture D: No, the service is so slow, expensive.Picture E: No, boring, terrible, bad.Picture F: No, awful, too crowded, too loud, terrible music.'Part III Listening Comprehension Test1. D2. C3. A4. B5. D6. C7. B8. A9. C 10. CUnit TwoPart I Listening PracticeSection A Guessing about the Situation and SpeakerExercise 11. football match2. law court3. church4. quiz show5. airport6. weather forecast7. car showroom8. driving lesson9. school 10. tour (of London) Exercise 21. football commentator2. judge3. priest4. TV presenter5. announcer6. weather forecaster7. car salesman8. driving instructor9. school principal 10. tour guide Section B Looking for a FlatExercise 1 (omitted)Exercise 21. 34 New Street in Kanden2. $ 75 including gas and electricity3. one bedroom flat, central heating, small kitchen, bathroom, washing machine4. Mrs Green5. 4 o'clock this afternoonSection C Finding out the House RulesExercise 11. Landlord and tenant.2. The man is talking about house rules.3. She has agreed.Exercise 21. Don't allow the cat to go upstairs.2. No smoking in bedrooms.3. Don't stick pictures with sellotape on the wall.4. Close the window when you go out.5. Don't put the kettle on the chest of drawers.Section D Apartments for RentExercise 1Thomas Street University Avenue Taft Road Metcalf StreetExercise 21. Metcalf Street2. Thomas Street3. University Avenue4. Taft RoadPart Listening Comprehension Test1. C2. B3. C4. B5. B6. C7. B8. C9. B 10. DPart I Listening PracticeSection A Listening for Specific. Information Exercise 11. Weight; 13 pounds2. A car; 6503. A cash-card; 89764. A fax; 593381; Code--4408655. A bank account; 609177186. A foreign exchange counter; 410 000 pesos; Exchange rate; 4 100 to 17. Weather; 83°F8. Waterloo; 1815Exercise 21. On a diet and doing a keep-fit class.2. Rusty, expensive.3. Yes.4. He'll contact him and talk about the new contract.5. Probably in a bank.6. For a holiday.7. Because Dave and Jane are there. 8. Quiz.Section B Describing Different People1. Sex: female Age: about 35 Height: about averageHair: long black Others: glasses, yellow flower2. Sex: male Age: an older man about seventyHeight: rather short, about five feet or five feet twoHair: grey, mustache Others: white flower in jacket3. Sex: female Age: quite young, about thirty.Height: really tall Hair: blond Others: carrying red flowers4. Sex: male Age: about forty-five Height: very tallHair: very long, dark Others: no flower; wearing a T-shirt saying "Bruce Springs Is the Boss!" Section C Taking a PhotoExercise 1A. 4B. 5C. 2D. 6E. 3F. 1Exercise 26 4 2 3 1 5 photos, coin, stool, dial, background, flashSection D Express Company1. Prepaid express bag servicemajor cities $ 10Buy a bag in advance.Call for a quick pick-up2. Same day serviceWithin the city $ 8They will go to you.3. Express road serviceAny townDepends on distance and weightFor larger packagesFor further details call: Tel: 33445656Ask: for the sales departmentPart III Listening Comprehension Test1.B2.D3.B4. B.5.B6. A7. B8. D9. C 10. CUnit FourPart I Listening PracticeSection A Telephoning about Jobs tonExercise 1Exercise 21. part-time, Saturday and Sunday, eight hours a day2. full-time, Tuesday through Sunday, from 5 to about 12. Pay is $3.35 an hour3. working nights; five or six days a week4. a weekend job; three evenings a week, hours are five to midnightSection B Talking about JobsExercise 1Diane--waitress Tracy—typist Gred--car salesman Joe--businessman Exercise 21. F2. T3. F4. F5. F6. F7. FSection C A Same Job or a New Job1. Liza new job2. Tom same job3. Brian new job4. Kay new job5. Janice new job Section D Interview about a JobAl Employment Agency1. Full Name: Jessica Richards2. Address: 33 Landseer Road, Newtown3. Tel: _______4. Date of Birth: March 19th, 19805. Education: Secondary6. Examinations passed: English, Chemistry, Maths, French, Physics, and Biology7. Interests (hobbies & sports): playing the piano, in a jazz band, water-skiing8. Experience? Previous posts: lab assistant9. Post or position required: lab assistant10. Any special requests: noPart Listening Comprehension Test1. C2. B3. B4. C5. D6. C7. A8. C9. A 10. BUnit FivePart I Listening PracticeSection A Gussing the MeaningExercise 11. a pair of trousers2. a return ticket3. a newspaper and mints/sweets4. ballet or theatre tickets5. drinks6. tickets for a coach trip7. haircut8. soup and fish9. a game of squash10. medicine for the throatExercise 21. in a clothes shop2. at the station3. at a newsagent's4. at a box-office5. at a pub6. in a travel agency7. at a barber's8. in a restaurant9. at a sports club 10. at a chemist'sSection B ShoppingExercise 1gold pen $ 135 bracelet $ 545 ring $ 1,259 watch $ 23.75 calculator $ 7.85 Exercise 21. watch2. ring3. pen4. bracelet5. They are too expensive for her. Section C Paying for the Things1. personal check2. credit card3. personal check4. cash5. traveler's check Section D Andrew's ComplaintEquipment: electric fanNo. : BE 42703-02 Size: medium Color: blue Made in/date: 1985Fault: It doesn't work.Purchaser: Andrew Emmett Address: 5 Rainbow Terrace West Old-Field SurreyPhone No.: 77480Part Listening Comprehension Test1. B2. C3. B4. D5. D6. D7. C8. C9. C 10. CUnit SixPart I Listening PracticeSection A Guessing about TopicsExercise 11. garden2. vending-machine3. microwave oven4. computer/word-processor/video game5. clothes6. hifi /music system7. art8. concert9. tennis10. holidaysExercise 21. lawn, flower beds, fence2. button, cold water, hot chocolate3. food, be cooked in no time, electricity4. switch, disc, programme5. fit, tight, shrink, suit6. compact, speaker, cassette player7. modern, abstract, colors and forms 8. singer, guitars, drums, records9. player, backhand, score 10. tan, beach, hotel, campingSection B Plans for Weekend1. Pat2. Jill3. Mary4. Sam5. Ted6. JaneSection C Discussing Plans for the Weekend1. B2. C3. B4. C5. A6. BSection D Making ArrangementsExercise 1A. 2B.4C. 3D. 1Exercise 21. bring: records meet: bus stop2. bring: sandwiches, fishing rod and drinks meet: at the river3. bring: white wine meet: at Pat's house4. bring: dessert--chocolate cake and soda meet: in front of his housePart III Listening Comprehension Test1. D2. B3. A4. C5. C6. B7. D8. B9. D 10. BUnit SevenPart I Listening PracticeSection A Owning a CarExercise 1Reason for owning a car:1. allows a person to move around freely2. a comfortable way to travel3. safe at nightReasons against owning a car:1. very expensive2. cause worry and stressExercise 21. check a bus schedule, a train2. warm, dry, cold, wet3. walk down, a stop, dark corner4. maintain, repair5. urban, park .A6. on the street, get stolen, something elseSection B The Self Drive Car Hire CenterExercise 1July 7th, after 4 o'clock on the FridayBy 10 o'clock on the Monday￡29.25First 300 milesExercise 21. F2. F3. T4. F5. FSection C Car PoolExercise 11. In a car near New York.2. The main part of New York is Manhattan which is an island.3. At tunnels or bridges.4. In a car with only one person.5. Park their cars outside the city and pick up public transport.Exercise 21. T2. F3. F4. T5. T6. F7. F8. TSection D Drunk DrivingExercise 11. A. 44 000 peopleB. drunk driversC. stricter laws2. a 30-year-old, CaliforniaA. 4 bottles of beerB. speedingC. ran through, crashed into3. A. justifiedB. too harshly, he had not planned the accidentC. not the first time he had been arrested for drunk drivingD. he had his driver's license suspended for 6 months his license has been revoked for life Exercise 21. Stricter laws have been passed.2. You will be considered a murderer.3. At the intersection.4. Five people.5. He was sentenced to 77 years in prison.Part Listening Comprehension Test1. A2. C3. A4. B5. C6. B7. D8. A9. D 10. AUnit EightPart I Listening PracticeSection A Safari ParkExercise 1Exercise 21. They can pet the rabbits, sheep, and other animals.2. There are items from many parts of the world.3. They believe in taking care of the environment.4. It is both educational and interesting.5. Bats, owls and other animals.Section B Safari TourExercise 11. You mustn't get off the land-rover without permission.2. You must all stay close to the guide.3. You all have to sign these insurance declarations.4. You mustn't disturb the animals.Exercise 21. land-rover, could be attacked2. company regulation, sign3. disturb, wild, tame, zoos4. 50 miles, 805. insect repellent, drinking water, rolls of 35mm film, packed lunchSection C The Afternoon TourExercise 1The cathedral was built in 1241. It was designed by Hugo De-rash, a French, so it's in Norman style. You can see part of the wall, a small statue beside a fountain. It's in the market place and a regular Tuesday market is held. There is a flower market every two weeks on Saturdays in Summer. The worn statue represents Venus, and the water comes from the springs in the hills and is very clear.Exercise 21. 12412. Hugo Derash, France, brother3. Norman4. wall5. modern6. Venus, Goddess of Love7. flower, two8. Tuesday9. clear 10. springs in the hills Section D Julie's VacationExercise 11. urban holiday, camping2. Stanley park, aquarium, Grouse Mountain, museums, galleries3. ride over, deck, sat inside, read magazinesExercise 21. It's cold and miserable.2. It's much an elegant city with a lot of British influence.3. A pin with a tiny totem pole on it.Part III Listening Comprehension Test1.A2.C3.D4.B5.A6. B7. C8. A9. D 10. AListening Test One1. C2. A3. D4. C5. B6. B7. C8. D9. A 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B16. Three stages: marriage by capture; marriage by contract or purchase; marriage based on mutual love.17. It symbolizes the period when the bridegroom hid his captured bride until her kinsmen grew tired of searching for her.18. The "wed" was the money, horses, or cattle which the groom gave as security and as a pledge to prove his purchase of the bride from her father.19. Blue was the color of purity, love and fidelity.20. Bridesmaids remind us of the days when there had to be ten witnesses at the solemn marriage ceremony.Listening Test Two1. B2. B3. D4. C5. A6. D7. C8. B9. A 10. C 11. B 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. B16. Primitive.17. Measure progress of students, show what they are lacking.18. Selection and promotion.19. Test results lack validity and reliability; Teacher and students work for high marks instead of learning.20. Some Asian students with very high TOEFL marks turn out to be poor in their communication skills in the US.Unit NinePart I Listening PracticeSection A Stress and Your HealthExercise 1Person 1: I can't sleep.Person 2: I eat mostly snack foods.Person 3: I can't stop smoking, drink more beer.Person 4: I can't eat.Exercise 21. fatigue2. listlessness3. sleeping problems4. loss of appetite or stomach disorder5. heart palpitationsSection B Student StressExercise 11. pressure, parents, myself, academically, exactly, track record2. quarter system, beginning, end, middle, screw up, messed up, well ordered, perfect3. eleventh week, ten-week, half-week, exams4. cumulative, incorporate, different problemsExercise 21. quiet, nervous, distracted, around, music, C’s2. library3. desk, room, straight, awake, comfortable4. night, quietSection C Techniques for Managing Stress (1)Exercise 11. What we can do with stress?2. Four points:a. Recognition of stress and welcome it.b. Be thankful, an attitude of gratitude to life for life. 0c. To set my body in position to take whatever comes along and to utilize it properly.d. To maintain the hormonal system in a proper state of balance.3. Because a thankful attitude maintains the hormonal system in a proper state of balance so that we are able to take whatever action necessary in a constructive way.Exercise 21. to become aware of potentially stressful situations and avoid them2. to reduce our workload and organize the work in a better way3. to get the proper rest and exercise4. to find a balance between work and playSection D Techniques for Managing Stress (2)Exercise 11. She can't lower her workload right now.2. Visualization or meditation, more positive outlook, mentally planning your day's activities in a less stressful way.3. How to deal with the stress.4. A sport called crew to achieve physical and mental balance.5. Do the emotions have a great deal to do with the disease and healing process?6. Dr Norman Cousins laughed himself back to health.Exercise 21. T2. F3. F4. T5.F6. TPart III Listening Comprehension Test1. C2. B3. D4. A5. B 6B 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. CUnit TenPart I Listening PracticeSection A Personal HeroesExercise 1Dr Martin Luther Kingwon the Nobel Peace Prizeagainst racismwas peacefulMother Teresa of Calcuttahelped poor peoplewon the Nobel Peace Prizehelped sick peoplewas peacefulNavajo Code-Talkerssoldiersare well-known by native American peopleExercise 21. racism, discrimination, peaceful, guts2. send, receive messages, language, figured out3. poorest, Calcutta, India, feed, take care of,Section B Akio Morita (Mr Sony)Exercise 11. In Nagoya, Japan.2. A rice drink called sake.3. A very small radio.4. Walkman.5. Because of the high quality.6. In 1963.7. Mr Sony.Exercise 21. 1 22. 1 23. 2 14. 2 1Section C Discovery of Sigmund Freud (1)Exercise 11. hypnosis T2. long talks with patients3. study of dreams in order to learn the cause of mental and emotional problemsExercise 2young Greek man, sat by pool, looked down and saw his face in water, so pleased by his beautiful face, sat long, grew roots, became flower narcissusExercise 31. a. at birth, first, themselvesb. emotions, pass, there are other people around them2. a. warmth, security, loveb. attention, love, warmthSection D Discovery of Sigmund Freud (2)Exercise 1as a child, separated from parents; as an adult, killed his father, married his own mother without knowing, put out his eyes to punish himselfExercise 21. T2. F3. F4. T5. F6. T7. TPart III Listening Comprehension Test1. B2. D3. A4. A5. A6. C7. D8. B9. B 10. DUnit ElevenPart I Listening PracticeExercise 2Section A Premonitions of the Sinking of the TitanicExercise 11. take the form of dreams or visions strong feelings, ideas, or guesses that come into people's minds for no apparent reason2. in the early morning of April 15, 1912 Titanic struck an iceberg and sank 150220 cases of premonitions3. FutilityFiction: Titan1898sank after hitting an iceberg unsinkable linerlifeboatsFact: TitanicApril 15, 1912sank after hitting an iceberg unsinkable linerlifeboatsExercise 21. a passenger on the doomed ship, over 20 years earlier2. nine people, in which a ship like the Titanic hit an iceberg and sank3. Two clairvoyants4. Several other people, something would go wrong5. would-be passengers, they canceled their tickets at the last minuteSection B The Titanic and the Andrea DoriaExercise 1Similarities:1. Both ships were transatlantic ocean liners.2. They were both luxury liners.3. As each ship was sinking, there were acts of heroism and acts of villainy.4. Both of these ships were considered "unsinkableDifferences:Titanic1. on her maiden voyage across the Atlantic2. struck an iceberg and sank3. not equipped with radar, only a lookout4. more than 1 500 people died, over 700 survivedAndrea Doria1. on her 101st transatlantic crossing2. collided with another ship and sank3. had radar to warn of the approach of another ship4. 60 people died, about 1 650 were savedExercise 21. I can infer it.2. I heard it.3. I can infer it.4. I cannot infer it.5. I heard it.6. I cannot infer it.Section C Senator Smith Questions a Survivor (1)Exercise 1Reason 1: We had far better save what few we had in my boat. ReasonReason 2: Our boat would be swamped by the crowds that were there..Reason 3: The whole crowd in my boat discouraged me to do that.Reason 4: They said it was rather a mad idea.Exercise 21 100 people, 700 people, 1 000 people, freezing, a few hundred yards, refused to return and try to save, in charge of, tied his lifeboat to another lifeboat, 60 more peopleSection D Senator Smith Questions a Survivor (2)Exercise 1 (omitted)Exercise 21. Smith is a senator and Pitman is a survivor of the Titanic disaster, who is in charge of a lifeboat.2. Not clearly told, but we know there was room for 60 more people in the two boats.3. The whole crowd in Pitman's lifeboat.Part III Listening Comprehension Test1. C2. B3. B4. A5. C6. B7. C8. A9. D 10. AUnit TwelvePart I Listening PracticeSection A Telephone NumbersExercise 11. 3423-6070 3052. 911-1144 2163. 623-4030 3134. 505-6653 5045.610-1214 6176. 632-1010 2027. 211-4579 2128. 397-4231 6029. 974-0012 21510. 864-3079 206Exercise 21. 3132. 2023. 305-342-60704. student's numberSection B Telephone Quiz Exercise 110, 9, 1, 4, 6,2, 7, 8, 5, 3Exercise 21. The number you have dialed has been temporarily disconnected and is no longer in service.2. You can dial that direct.3. Please have her call me back at 654-9234.4. I have a collect call from Sue. Will you accept the charges?5. She isn't here right now. Can I take a message?6. What number did you dial?7. This number is unlisted.8. I'll connect your call. Please hold.9. This is a recording.10. There is no one here by that name.Section C Making ArrangementsSection D Telephone Use in BusinessExercise 11. True2. True3. False4. False5. FalseExercise 21. facial expressions2. gestures3. appearances4. what5. how6. manners7. the third ring8. pick up9. identify 10. put a customer on hold 11.45 seconds 12. personality 13. warmth 14. eagerness 15. voice16. mumble 17. tone of voice 18. minimum 19. hearing 20. commandPart III Listening Comprehension TestTalk 11. So that their customers may call them long distance free of charge.2. Dial 0, and ask the operator for the 800-number operator who can help you.3. sell products and services.4. charging very high rates, encouraging unauthorized callers to call.5. Ask your local phone company to block access to 900 numbers from your phone.Talk 21. Cell phone etiquette.2. Inappropriate use of the cell phone is widespread.3. Ten feet.4. Because the cell phone can be distracting or disruptive to others.5. it may interfere with the signals or other sensitive equipment.Unit ThirteenPart I Listening PracticeSection A Personal ComputingExercise 1Interview 1 Interview 2Name John Steele Enrique VargasOccupation computer consultant studentType of PC used IBM PC Apple MacintoshReasons for choice1) knows them well 1) easier to use2) exchanges information with other users 2) GUI--lick on icons /no typing in commands3) a lot of software available 3) windows easier to set upExercise 2choose clone easiermouse standard iconscommands set upused toSection B Portable ComputersExercise 11. palmtop2. notebook3. clipboard4. laptop5. desktopSection C Computers in EducationExercise 11. T2. F3. F4. T5. F6. FExercise 21. √2. X (you should check that there is good applications software available)3. X (not two factors but three factors, the third being the size of your budget)4. √5. X (the ideal is one computer per student and all computers linked by a local area network)6. X (free access = unlimited access)Section D Computer Security1. The network system isn't very secure.2. A modem.3. What people do with them, e. g. put passwords on scraps of paper on their computer terminals, use their own names or a partner's name, which makes life easy for a hacker.4. It shows a constantly changing number. It is safe as long as you don't leave the card lying around. j5. Steve seems to know a lot.Part IQ Listening Comprehension TestTalk 11. Because his company changed the way the world perceived the computer and its role in society.2. 557 million.3. technology.4. technology could be made available to everyone.5. technology could be used to better people's lives and as a tool for creativity.Talk 21. It refers to the idea of marketing a product over the Internet.2. A website.3. it can save time and money.4. a broader market and lower overheads.5. Cybershoppers.Unit FourteenPart I Listening PracticeSection A Radio AnnouncementsExercise 11. Event: Midweek Lecture on American HistoryDays: WednesdayTime: 7:00 p.m.Price: FreePlace: Johnson Hall2. Event: Modern Jazz Concert'sDays: Friday & Saturday.Time: 9:00 p.m.Price: $10Place: the New World Night Club3. Event: Houston International Film FestivalDays: Monday to SundayTime: 11:00 a. m.--10 p.m.Price: $ 2.50 eachPlace: the Academy of Arts4. Event: Independence Day FireworksDays: Saturday, July 4Time: 8:30 p. m.Price: FreePlace: City ParkSee the above.Section B Weather ReportExercise 1 (omitted)Exercise 2The following statements are true: 5, 7, 8, 10.Section C Family QuizExercise 11. D2.B3.A4.BExercise 2 (omitted) the way ;oddSection D Taking Time OffExercise 1Sentences 3 and 6 are not on the tape.Exercise 2thirteen, took time off, on several continentsdevelop his body and strength, learn interesting thingsby himself, encourage others to make a similar tripPart III Listening Comprehension TestTalk 11. conversational skills.2. Language in Focus.3. fluency.4. The most useful expressions, structures and word combinations used in the workplace today.5. eltradio@bbc. co. uk.Talk 21. To collect and preserve television and radio programs and to make them available to the public.2. 1976.3. artistic, cultural, and historical significance.4. By interpreting and analyzing radio and television programs.5. New York/ Manhattan, Los Angeles.Unit FifteenPart I Listening PracticeSection A AdvertisementsExercise 11. train service / British Rail2. washing powder / Blanco3. credit card / Spendcard4. shampoo / Shine5. car / Puma6. chocolate, sweets / Frolic bar7. whisky / Glengunnich Malt8. newspaper / Daily Herald9. face cream / Petal10. bank / Midwestern1. traffic jams, driving conditions, speed limits, parking, faster, delays, destination2. stains, whiter than white, housewives3. card, services and discounts4. hair, conditioner5. engine, aerodynamic lines, boot, test drive6. nuts, raisins, coconut, biscuity, toffee, delicious, scrumptious7. spring water, Scottish barley, flavour, wooden barrels, taste, tonic, soda8. objective reporting, current issues, news, colour supplement 9. looks, soft and gentle, skin, creamy and smooth, complexion10. invest, interest rates, bank charges, accounts, insurance, mortgages, pensionsSection B Job AdsAdvertisement 11.A2.C3.A4. A5.BAdvertisement 26. B7. A8. A9. C 10. CSection C Cellular Phone AdExercise 1Sentences 4 and 8 are not on the tape.Exercise 21. X2.√3. √4. X5. √6. X7. √Section D Northwest AirlinesExercise 1Sentences 4 and 7 are not on the tape.Exercise 21. √2. X3. √4. X5. √6. X7. XSemiticPart III Listening Comprehension TestTalk 11. commercials.2. Happiness, youth, success, status, luxury, fashion, and beauty.3. You can solve all human problems by buying things; modern things are good and traditional things are bad.4. Because it sometimes gives us useful information about different products.5. shopping cheers them up.Talk 21. vanity.2. Shoddy antiques.3. demonstrate her expertise.4. reproduction furniture and paintings.5. had an extensive knowledge of the antique business.Unit SixteenPart I Listening PracticeSection A Popular TV Shows (1)。
研究生英语阅读Unit7课后答案
Unit 7CulturesLearning ObjectivesAt the end of the unit, students will be able to:1.Know about some famous cultural landmarks of the world;2.Have a general understanding of cultural differences, such as marriage customs,table manners, etc.;3. show their mastery of the words and expressions concerning cultures.Part I Warm-up ActivitiesA Directions: Below are the names of the world’s famous cultural landmarks. Pleasematch them with the corresponding pictures.A. PyramidB. Sydney Opera HouseC. Eiffel TowerD. ColosseumE. the Statue of LibertyF. Taji Mahal1. Eiffel Tower2. Taji Mahal3.the Statue of Liberty4. Pyramid5. Sydney opera house6. ColosseumB Directions:Certain animals are chosen as symbols because they have qualities thatstand out. In different cultures the qualities they are associated are different. The following table includes some of the names of the animals. Complete the phrases by filling the right word in the blanks and discuss with your partner about their Chinesecounterparts.mule lamb dog snail fish bee snake horsesheep fox cat lion toad goose lark1. as happy as a lark2. as cunning as a fox3. as stubborn as a mule4. as busy as a bee5. as slow as a snail6. as strong as a horse7. as ugly as a toad 8. as meek as a lamb9. as brave as a lion 10.as evil as a snake11. kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 12. black sheep of the family13. lead a cat -and- dog life 14. love me, love my dogUseful Words and Expressionscultural heritage of the world 世界文化遗产cultural industries 文化产业cradle of culture 文化摇篮 culture shock 文化冲击hitch-hiking 搭乘 cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流 icon 偶像 diversity 多样性 bilateral 双边的 ink and wash painting 水墨画 local customs and practices 风土人情 native/rural/country culture 乡土文化 The big apple “大苹果”，纽约 champagne 香槟酒 cocktail 鸡尾酒 liqueur 烈酒mainstream culture 主流文化 cultural treasures 文化宝藏 brain drain 人才外流 oriental 东方的 Confucius Institute 孔子学院 Collectivism 集体主义 filial piety 孝道 frugality 节俭 egalitarian平等主义 money-orientated 金钱至上的 ethnic 种族的，人种的 exotic 异国的，外来的，异国情调的 Part II Listening1. Quotes about the United KingdomRead the new words below before listening.Directions:You will hear a number of quotes from people across the globe on their perceptions of the UK according to a survey commissioned by the British Council. Listen and match column A with key words in column B.COLUMN A COLUMN B1. ITALY ( e ) a. quality education2. HUNGARY ( b ) b. self-irony3. HONG KONG ( g ) c. heritage4. JAPAN ( h ) d. limited5. KENYA ( a ) e. liveliness and people’s open-mindedness6. BANGLADESH ( c ) f. innovative trends in music7. KOREA ( k ) g. drunk8. GREECE ( f ) h. discrimination and government.9. MEXICO ( d ) i. soccer10. NIGERIA ( j ) j. high quality products11. SAUDI ARABIA ( i ) k. royal family and democracyTapescriptQuotes about the United Kingdomby British CouncilA survey commissioned by the British Council gave rise to a number of quotes from people across the globe on their perceptions of the UK.• First set of quotesUAE - When young people say about the British that he's unpleasant or old, it is an impression we have from the time when Great Britain was a great power together with Portugal.ITALY - I particularly liked the spirit, the liveliness, the people and their open-mindedness.HUNGARY - It's so fantastic that they are able to look at themselves with self-irony. I think this is exceptional. They write books and make movies that tell a negative picture about them and they show it.HONG KONG - A lot of them are drunk and cause trouble.JAPAN - There are bad points such as discrimination but also good points such as the parliamentary government.KENYA - It's believed that if you go for further education in Britain, you get quality education.THAILAND - They seem so cold in general.BANGLADESH - Heritage from Britain, technology and dynamism from the United States. SINGAPORE - The British always give me the idea of old and boring.KOREA - Underlying the British people's ideologies is their deeply rooted tradition, long history, long history of the royal family and democracy, and the class structure.GREECE - I am thinking about music. It's not by accident that the most innovative trends in music come from England.VIETNAM - UK is a small island but it has a global trading system.• Second set of quotesMEXICO - The British are limited. They don't try new things.JAPAN - British scientists are, almost manic, in particular categories. But they are doing something that really doesn't matter.CZECH REPUBLIC - Britain was the first country with a constitution, I think. So there is a real democratic tradition in Britain.SPAIN - Out of the European countries I think the closest to the US is England; but you can't separate them from Europe.SINGAPORE - They have a group of white trash, you know, skinheads. That group is very, very racist. But I think the majority is fine. In fact, I know there are some community leaders that are black.FRANCE - There are many differences between the English, the Irish and the Scottish. Irish and Scottish are much more friendly.HUNGARY - Their mistrust with strangers is also a characteristic. Usually this is said for the Germans but it is far more true for the English.NIGERIA - A British product is very high quality. You'll use it and use it until you are tired. RUSSIA - People are very involved in the life of society, politics. They are very well aware of what is going on.GERMANY - The really crazy people all come from England.SAUDI ARABIA - They don't have any famous artists. They like soccer.2. Marriage CustomsA Directions：In this section you will hear an extract from a radio talk on marriagecustoms in different parts of the world by Professor Robin Stuart. Listen to the talk andanswer the following questions..1)How do people in the West perceive courtship and marriage despite the recent growth inthe number of divorces,?They regard courtship and marriage through the eyes of a Hollywood producer.2)What is very common as far as marriage is concerned in India?Arranged marriage3) In Japan, if one of the young people involved in the arranged meeting says ‘Oh, no, Icould never marry him or her’, what will happen next?They call the whole thing off.B Direction: Listen to the talk again and fill in the blanks.In parts of Africa, a man is allowed to have several wives. Now that sounds fine from the man’s point of view, but in fact the man is taking on a 1) great responsibility. When he takes a new wife and buys her a nice present, he has to buy all his other wives 2) presents of equal value and, although we are obviously speaking of a 3) male-dominated society, the wives often become very close and so, if there is a disagreement in the family, the husband has three or four wives to argue with 4) instead of just one.Now, most listeners, being used to the Western style of courtship and marriage, will assume this is the best system and the one with greatest chance of 5) producing a happy marriage. But pause and reflect. Marriage must always be 6) something of a gamble. Going out with somebody for six months is very different from being married to them for six years.It is true that American women, brought up in the United States, who married Africans and went to live in Africa, have sometimes found it 7) exceedingly difficult to assume the role of the wife of an African living in Africa. However, my observations have led me to believe that various forms of arranged marriage have just as much 8) chance of bringing happiness to the husband and wife as our Western system of choosing marriage partners. TapescriptMarriage CustomsHere is an extract from a radio talk on marriage customs in different parts of the world by Professor Robin Stuart:Despite the recent growth in the number of divorces, we in the West still tend to regard courtship and marriage through the eyes of a Hollywood p roducer. For us it’s a romantic business. Boy meets girl, boy falls in love with girl, boy asks girl to marry him, girl accepts. Wedding, flowers, big celebration.But in other parts of the world things work differently. In India, for instance, arranged marriage is still very common. An intermediary, usually a married lady, learns that a young man wishes to get married and she undertakes to find him a suitable bride. The young couple meets for the first time on the day of the wedding.In Japan, too, arranged marriages still take place. But there things are organized in a different way. A girl wishes to find a husband, and the girl’s mother, or an aunt perhaps, approaches the mother of a suitable young man and the young couples are introduced. They get a chance to have a look at one another and if one of them says ‘Oh, no, I could never marry him or her,they call the whole thing off. But if they like one another, then the wedding goes ahead.In parts of Africa, a man is allowed to have several wives. Now that sounds fine from the man’s point of view, but in fact the man is taking on a great responsibility. When he takes a new wife and buys her a nice present, he has to buy all his wives presents of equal value and, although we are obviously speaking of a male-dominated society, the wives often become very close and so, if there is a disagreement in the family, the husband has three or four wives to argue with instead of just one.Now, most listeners, being used to the Western style of courtship and marriage, will assume that this is the best system and the one with the greatest chance of producing a happy marriage. But pause and reflect. Marriage must always be something of a gamble. Going out with somebody for six months is very different from being married to them for six years.It is true that American women, brought up in the United States, who married Africans and went to live in Africa, have sometimes found it exceedingly difficult to assume the role of the wife of an African living in Africa. However, my observations have led me to believe that various forms of arranged marriage have just as much chance of bringing happiness to the husband and wife as our Western system of choosing marriage partners.3. For Immigrants, Making Small Talk is Big DealA Directions:In this section you will hear a passage about the importance of small talk.Listen and answer the following questions.1) Why is it hard for Americans to find jobs?Because it is the recession time.2) How is Wei Fang feeling in interviews with American employers?He is uncomfortable promoting himself.3) What can make a difference in meeting potential employers in America?Knowing how to make small talk.B Directions: Listen to the passage again. Complete the summary.Wei Fang, who is from the Shanghai area, is getting his MBA at Brandeis University in Boston, Massachusetts, felt 1) blind during his first few job interviews in the United States. When he was in conversation, he didn’t know 2) where to go next.This type of 3)cultural anxiety can be a real disadvantage at interview time. So the Brandeis business school 4) offers a program to help foreign students adapt to the American culture.Ndawula and Mutamba are both from 5) Africa. In their countries, people usually don't chat with strangers. If a woman approaches a man, it could seem 6) suggestive.As part of a homework assignment, Mutamba learned to start 7) talking about the weather with a stranger in a restaurant in America. After a semester's practice, she’s becoming more 8) confident conversationalist.The organizational behavior professor explained that even when workers are qualified, they can end up 9) socally incompetent if they don’t know what the norm of culture are. In Russia, the rule for appropriate behavior in a job interview are to be honest, modest and serious. In America, a 10) smile can get you a job, at least a chance.Tapescript (This is not a word for word tapescript)For Immigrants, Making Small Talk is Big DealThe foreign-born population in the United States is now at an all-time high - more than 10 percent. And while recession-time jobs are hard to come by for Americans, for those born overseas, finding a job here can be even tougher.Wei Fang, who is from the Shanghai area, is getting his MBA at Brandeis University in Boston, Massachusetts. And he's looking for a job in the United States. But he says he's uncomfortable promoting himself in interviews with American employers."In China," he explains, "the employers like the employees to be hard working and quiet. They want you speak only when they want you speak."In meeting potential employers here, knowing how to make small talk can make a big difference. But for foreign workers, promoting themselves - making small talk, "schmoozing," things Americans take for granted - can be tricky. Fang says he felt blind during his first few job interviews here."Lost, actually, when I was in the conversation. I don't know where to go next."This type of cultural anxiety can be a real disadvantage at interview time. So the Brandeis business school offers a program to help foreign students adapt to the American culture.Today is the last day of class. Students from around the world are setting up their final projects, opening laptops and taping posters to the walls. In one corner, Isaac Ndawula stops to talk with fellow student Sheila Mutamba. Her project is learning to make American-style small talk."So after all this, do you intend to take this back home?" (he asks her. She nods.)"I do, because I think small talk is very important."Ndawula is from Uganda, Mutamba from Rwanda. Both say in the part of Africa they come from, you don't get chatty with strangers. Mutamba says now, after a semester's practice, she's becoming a more confident conversationalist. But she says her first attempt at making small talk was very different."I remember that very clearly, because it was very hard. And just 'cause I'm black, I can't blush, but I was really feeling very awkward and very embarrassed," she says with a laugh.As part of a homework assignment, Mutamba says she did something an American might not think twice about. She turned to a stranger in a restaurant and started talking about the weather."So I keep trying to talk, but I have all these things in my head. I'm trying to be appropriate. I'm trying not to be nosey."Back home, she says, things are more conservative. If a woman approaches a man, it could seem suggestive.Adapting to a different set of rulesAndrew Molinksy, who created the Brandeis program, observes, "They don't know the rules. They don't know the script."The organizational behavior professor explains that even when workers are qualified, if they don't know what the norms of the culture are, they can end up looking socially incompetent. That was the case with a Russian engineer he worked with, who had 17 unsuccessful job interviews. Molinsky says she was extremely qualified, "but she kept failing on the interview, and she would get feedback that she wasn't a great fit."The rules for appropriate behavior in a traditional Russian job interview, he says, are to be honest, modest and serious. The engineer told him smiling was inappropriate."All this silly, friendly behavior," he recalls her saying, "if you smile in my culture like this, you look like a fool."But, he points out, in America, it gets you a job, or at least a chance.According to Columbia University Business School professor Michael Morris, in an increasingly global economy, all workers need to learn to manage across cultures. He says there's not much emphasis on that in the U.S. educational system, so it's something many Americans never learn how to do."Despite all the advantages, all the good luck of being born an American, having this great educational system and this affluent country, this is one disadvantage," Morris notes, suggesting we all need to catch up if we want to be global leaders.4. Table Manners and Diet CustomsA Directions:You will hear a dialogue about cultural shock. While listening for the firsttime , write down some key words in the notes column.B Directions:L isten to the dialogue again and decide whether these statements are true orfalse.1) When the man went to the host’s house, he brought a bottle of wine as a gift and theydrank together in the dinner. ( F )2) When Americans accept a gift, they almost always open the gift right away. ( T )3) American hosts are always saying “Eat some more! Take a bit more!”( F )4) Chinese hosts like to say that there is nothing here to eat, it wasn’t prepared very well andthey mean it. ( F ) 5) Since the man has been studying Chinese for a long time, he knows all the customs quite well. ( F ) TapescriptM: Last weekend, I went as a guest to a Chinese friend’s house. It was really an interesting experience! I felt a little bit of cultural shock.F: Really? So you discovered a few China and America’s different customs.M: Definitely. First, Chinese and Americans have very different ways of accepting gifts. When I went to their house, I brought a bottle of wine as a small gift. I originally thought we would drink together as we ate. So I surprised when the host put it aside and didn’t open it. I really didn’t understand but I didn’t say anything.F: You shouldn’t have worried. That’s just a way Chinese people accept gifts. It’s considered impolite to open something right when you receive it. The way Chinese people see it, opening the gift on the same occasion that you receive it seems to imply that you only want to see whether the gift is good or bad and you don’t care about the thought that your friend put into it.M: Oh really? Well I guess it was just a misunderstanding then. Americans almost always open the gift right away. Then they can say something nice to show that they like what theperson gave them.F: When you were having dinner, did they keep encouraging you to eat and drink?M: Yes! They were always saying “Eat some more! Take a bit more!” And the moment there is a bit space in my bowl, they immediately gave me another helping. That day I had 4 bowls of rice, ate I don’t know how much food. I ate so much I couldn’t walk in a straight line. In America, the host won’t urge the guest to eat and drink more. The guest just eats however much they want to eat.F: That’s just the Chinese way of being friendly and welcoming to one’s guests. For Chinese people, making sure their guest eat their fill and eat well is the most important thing.M: Also they set up this incredibly abundant table of food but then they said there is nothing here to eat, it wasn’t prepared very well and other things like that. And it seems even stranger to me. If they have prepared well, then how many dishes will they have to have?F: T hey were just being modest. Even if they had prepared more, they still would have said that. And Chinese hosts would always prepare a whole lot of dishes. Because if they are among meager selection, the host will feel that he had lost face. Preparing a huge feast is a way of showing your respect for the guest.M: Oh the Chinese customs are so complicated. I will never have understood if you haven’t told me.F: Every culture has its own particular ways of doing things though. There are some western customs that Chinese people think are hard to understand.M: I guess what I have learned is that when you study a language, you also have to understand the culture that behind it because otherwise it’s easy to create misunderstandings and miscommunications.F: I agree.Part III WatchingDirections:The extract is taken from BBC. In this extract the host will take you on a journey through the most thrilling art form of the world opera - Italian opera. Watch the video clip and answer the questions.1)When was the first opera unveiled to the delighted audience?In 1647.2)How do the Italian love opera?They love opera. It is in their blood.3)Opera is an entirely new art form in that it uses speech, songs and dance in a moreexpressive, more powerful and more emotional way.AudioscriptBewildering plots, exotic locations, foreign lyrics, spectacular music and yes, temperamental singers and conductors —— This is the world of opera. In these programmes, I will take you on a journey through the most thrilling art form of them all. One where all of human life and emotion are on display. Music fuses with words to create stories of love, betrayal, revenge, sorrow, passion, tragedy and comedy, to create the stirring and most magical world of Italian opera.The Italians love opera. It’s in their blood. In this film, I’ll be looking at four composers who shaped Italian opera, beginning a whole new art form that, 400 years later, is still thrilling audiences.The smell of the greasepaint, this is what opera is all about. I was born into this world. My father was a voice teacher, and he imbued in me a sense of theatre, the voices, the love of vocal music and just this backstage buzz just gets my blood going in a way that no other thing can. And now I’m lucky enough to have one of the to p jobs in opera- music director at the Royal Opera House in London.“Ladies and gentlemen, you have 30 minutes, please. Thank you.”Today is the dress rehearsal of Barbiere di Siviglia and I’m conducting the piece for the first time, so it’s a really bi g moment for me actually. The singers are all getting ready. The announcement has been made that I have to get down to the pit and so that’s where I’m going now.ApplauseOpera began in Italy 200 years before Rossini’s highly charged barber of Seville. A nd the man who composed its first undisputed masterpiece was Claudio Monteverdi.Monteverdi worked as courts composer at the Ducal Palace here in Mantua. He came here in 1590 at the age of 23, employed by the powerful Gonzagas to supply music to order for all kinds of occasions.This is Vincenzo Gonzaga, Monteverdi’s patron. Now here, he is royally clad in ermine and he had plenty of money for his mistresses but was obscenely in arrears when it came to paying Monteverdi for his music. Monteverdi was treated like a slave in this ducal Palace and was miserable, all the while, producing heavenly music.Monteverdi wrote a wide range of music for his employer. And the fashion at the time was for extravagant courtly entertainments, using speech, songs and dance. These were going toprovide the basis for something entirely new. In the late 1590s, a group of Florentine intellectuals got together and tried to find a way to combine music and drama. They wanted to return to the classical Greek and Roman idea of theatre, of declamation, but what they wanted to achieve with the music and this declamation was something more expressive, more powerful, and emotional. Inspired by these ideas, Monteverdi used the Greek myth of Orpheus and created one of the first examples of what was to become a new art form, opera. Orpheus himself is a singer, so of course his story fitted perfectly with the idea of having a completely sung drama. He uses his musical powers at the gates of Hades to bring his wife back from the dead. But before the story starts, there’s a prologue. Introducing his first character, the character named “music”, or the spirit of music if you l ike, perfectly shows this marriage of speech and music.There’s now real pulse in the music, it’s just free. Just a few chords, and yes, almost spoken words, recitativo, or in English, recit, that’s the shorthand we use. This sung speech was the revolutionary idea that created opera, telling a story and developing characters.In a different tempo… “Where have you come from? Where are you going?”Monteverdi successfully integrated this sung speech with songs dance and scenic effects to create a complete dramatic world. And it was unveiled in 1607 to a delighted audience in Mantua at carnival time.Part IV Oral PracticeRole Play: a dinnerDirections: You are an overseas student studying in China. Your Chinese friend invites you to his/ her home for dinner. During this visit, you found a lot of cultural differences between Chinese culture and the one you are from.Possible words from the host:—Help yourself.—Make yourself at home.—Have some more.As a foreign guest, you should try to include the following information in your talk.—the table manners and dining customs in your country—the cultural differences you have perceived since you come to ChinaEnrichment reading (略)。
研究生英语阅读教程(基础版 第三版)4课后答案
I. Reading Comprehension
EXERCISES
I. A.Answer the following questions or complete the following statements:
6
I. Reading Comprehension A
EXERCISES
1. Which sentences best express the main idea of the selection?
workers C. companies consisting part-time workers alone D. changes only in the private sector
A consequence of downsizing and technological change is a reduced full-time workforce, many of whom either handle more tasks to perform more specialized technological activities.
B. concentration on writing good résumés and cover letters will ensure job interview
C. students should focus on career goals early in their Ccoonllseegqeueexnptleyr,iietnicsensow more important than ever
4. Corporate downsizing has led to ________.
A. a need for technological workers with higher degrees B. a mixture of highly efficient and very specialized
研究生英语阅读教程(基础级)第三版课后习题答案Lesson4
1. Though he had apologized, she raised a query on his sincerity.A. trust（信任）B. request（请求；需要）C. examination（考试）D. question（问题；疑问）译文：虽然他已经道歉了，她还是对他的诚意提出了质疑。
2. Discipline in Mr. Brown's class becomes very slack.A. strict（严格的；绝对的；精确的）B. loose（宽松的；不精确的）C. serious（严肃的；认真的）D. uncontrollable（无法管控的）译文：布朗先生班上的纪律变得很松弛。
3. We couldn't believe that the joke was a nasty hit at him.A. malicious（恶毒的）B. lethal（致命的）C. footy（无足轻重的）D. gentle（温和，文雅的）译文：我们不敢相信这个笑话是对他的恶毒攻击。
4. The winner's complacent smile annoyed some people.A. scornful（轻蔑的）B. humorous（幽默的）C. contented（满足的，心安的）D. ironical（讽刺的）译文：胜利者自满的微笑惹恼了一些人。
5. This make-over has to start with the most basic societal unit-the family.A. task（任务；工作）B. improvement（提高；改进）C. measure（措施；测量）D. change（改变）译文：这种转变必须从最基本的社会单元——家庭开始。
6. A Private Postsecondary and Vocational Education Accreditation System will be putinto practice in California next school year.A. Primary（首要的）B. Eiementary（基本的；初级的）C. Higher（更高的，较高的）D. Graduate（毕业的）译文：明年，加州将实行私立高等教育和职业教育认证制度。
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Unit 1Genetically Modified Foods—Feed the World?(2)Finding it difficult to adapt to the climate there(3)to have no access to the health service(4)an important role in prospering and developing(5)a depression in yield and a reduction in quality(6)could have made a good salary(7)We cannot estimate the value of modern science and technology too much.(8)The insurance company will recoup the farmers for the loss caused by the flood.(9)During the SARS outbreak, the lack of hygiene in poor countries had devastatingconsequences to all people of the world.(10)T his University Library is one of the largest Libraries in China, with a stack ofover 2.3 million volumes. It supports the University’s research and teaching acrossa full range of subjects, and provides information about the Library’s collectionsand services in each subject area.(11)T he recession has hit middle-income and poor families hardest, widening theeconomic gap between the richest and poorest Americans as job layoffs ravaged household budgets.(12)C hina's government declared two strains of genetically modified rice safe toproduce and consume, taking a major step toward endorsing the use of biotechnology in the staple food crop of billions of people in Asia. China is the world's top producer and consumer of rice, so its use of modified varieties has the potential to alter the grain's global supply patterns. China's officials have been less constrained by public pressure over the sometimes-controversial use of biotechnology in food than officials in other countries. The government has long supported research into agricultural biotechnology as part of a drive to ensure the nation remains self-sufficient in staple crops.IV. Cloze1. species2. predictable3. unrelated4. different5. into6. produce7. seeing8. also9. obvious 10. inserted11. nobody 12. approved 13. apparently 14. humans 15. risksUnit 2The Biology of Skin Color: Black and White(2)He was not severely punished for his crime(3)advance our knowledge of the HIV virus.(4)when taken according to the instruction(5)to have no access to the health service(6)He has some vague ideas about what to do(7)After three days of dismay they submitted to him and begged his forgiveness.(8)No sooner had the controversy within the administration been settled than anothermore violent storm burst over the country(9)The UN and its agencies protect vulnerable groups, like children, refugees,displaced persons, minorities, indigenous people and the disabled.(10)A recent research finds that Listening to loud music while driving can seriouslyhamper reaction times and cause accidents.(11)D uring the SARS outbreak, the lack of effective medicines and doctors haddevastating consequences to all people of the world.(12)W hen it comes to your skin, there is an extremely important fact that you mustkeep in mind: Your skin is the largest organ of your body. As an obvious result, skin health and maintenance is crucial. Your skin does everything from protecting you from the elements to assisting you with breathing. Your skin keeps your body hydrated and regulates your body's temperature. In the end, this really is only the beginning of all of the various vital functions that your skin provides to you every moment of your life.IV. Cloze1 hard2 surprisingly3 represents4 out5 identify6 within7 damaged8 down9 comes 10 whyUnit 3Can Dirt Do a Little Good?(2)To allow diverse economic sectors to coexist with state economy(3)no place can compare with their own hometown.(4)you are at risk of losing your driver’s license(5)more and more intriguing.(6)the controversy has been settled.(7)The government is making efforts to eradicate racial discriminating.(8)In practical appraisal, the basic premise is to determine the value of the property.(9)The financial market system is being completed, and the distribution andutilization efficiency of social capital have increased steadily.(10)O nly when we give full play to man's initiative can we make full use of machinesto transform nature.(11)T he era in which the Chinese people were regarded as uncivilized is now ended.We shall emerge in the world as a nation with an advanced culture.(12)N ow a Bristol University dental scientist has discovered that a common bacteriaresponsible for tooth decay and gum disease can break out into the bloodstream and help blood clots to form. In turn these can cause heart attacks and strokes, which together cause more than 200,000 deaths in Britain every year. People need to be aware that as well keeping a check on their diet, blood pressure, cholesterol and fitness levels, they also need to maintain good dental hygiene to minimizetheir risk of heart problems.IV. Cloze1. to2. significant3. breast-fed4. who5. hypothesized6. months7. laboratory8. rate9.terms 10. revealed 11.overfeedUnit 4Is Time Travel Possible?(2)With the passage of time(3)the increase in demand results in /causes the rise in prices(4)that education is not complete with graduation(5)make my head swim(6)what had happened by then(7)Science seeks the unity under the chaos of natural phenomena.(8)So what we've done is to dedicate ourselves to saving something of what's left.(9)Indeed a man, whose heart is pretty clean, can indulge in this pursuit with anenjoyment that never ceases.(10)B ut these tasks will ultimately be restructured to better match user goals in thefinal design.(11)S ubsequently, the fine particles are widely dispersed in the atmosphere anddescend to earth very slowly.(12)A Chinese astronaut has made the historic first step in outer space for his country.With the successful spacewalk, China has become the third country, after the United States and Russia, to do so. Cheering erupted in the control room when Chinese astronaut Zhai Zhigang opened the hatch of the Shenzhou 7 spacecraft and went outside.IV. Cloze1. called2. spacecraft3. revealed4. feasible5. unlikely6. colonization7. minerals8. approach9. establishing 10. added11. available 12. as 13. solving 14. event 15. volunteerUnit 5The End of Email Age(2)the reign of Gorge III.(3)take hold of my hand(4)Thanks to this contract(5)but got stuck in the last one(6)gripe about hospital services(7)All the good stuff in the house belonged to only me, and there were no brothers orsisters to vie with me for my parents' love.(8)As they had been intimate from their earliest youth, the force of habit maintainedpeace between them.(9)Today let 's start all over again and figure out just how we are going to market thisproduct.(10)I f, by chance, the recipient of the message happens to be online at the time thatyour message is received, a response may be back in just minutes.(11)D on t set your goals by what other people deem important. Only you know what isbest for you.(12)E mail can be a great tool in helping us multitask and set our own timetables forcommunicating with friends, family and co-workers. In related research, email may make users feel less responsible for telling the truth. people are more willing to lie when communicating via email than with pen and paper, and feel more justified doing so. This was true regardless of whether the writers were told their falsehood would be discovered by others.IV. Cloze1. Watched2. via3. which4. across5. list6. position7. engine8. with9. substantially 10.onUnit 6Are Cell Phones Safe?(2)particularly in regard to taxation(3)the extent of corruption and abuse of power(4)the risks posed by hazardous materials.(5)The incidence of this disease(6)without the problems posed by global warming(7)Yet there were two main barriers to the enforcement of such regulations.(8)You can narrow the odds of a terrible accident happening in your home by beingmore safety-conscious.(9)Dr. Johnson argued that there is a strong correlation between teenage crime andlow educational achievement.(10)L ocal authorities have therefore been unable, and unwilling, to part with their ownmeagre resources.(11)M icrosoft Corp. has filed suit against a Houston computer manufacturer as part ofa nationwide crackdown on software piracy.(12)S tudies so far suggest a weak connection between EMFs and illness–so weak thatit might not exist at all. A multinational investigation of cellphones and brain cancer, in 13 countries outside the US, has been underway for several years. It’s funded in part by the European Union, in part by a cellphone industry group. The final report should come out later this year, but data so far don’t suggest a strong link between cellphone use and cancer risk。