国外美食：英国的炸鱼和薯条(中英文)

国外美食：英国的炸鱼和薯条（中英文）

炸鱼和薯条

Fish and Chips

Fish and chips is a popular take-away food in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand,Canada and South Africa. It consists of battered fish which is deep-fried and served with chips.

Then how does this dish become popular? Fish and chips became a stock meal among the working classes in Great Britain as a consequence of the rapid development of trawl fishing in the North Sea, and development of railways connecting ports to cities during the second half of the 19th century.

The dish became popular in wider circles in London and South East England in the middle of the 19th century, while in the north of England a trade in deep-fried chipped potatoes developed. The first chip shop stood on the present site of Oldham's Tommfield Market. It remains unclear exactly when and where these two trades combined to become

the fish-and-chip shop industry we know today. Joseph Malin opened the first recorded combined fish-and-chip shop in London in 1860 or in 1865.Traditional frying uses beef dripping or lard;however, vegetable oils, such as peanut oil now predominate. A minority of vendors in the north of England and Scotland and the majority of vendors in Northern Ireland still use dripping or lard, as it imparts a different flavour to the dish, but it has the side effect of making the fried chips unsuitable for vegetarians and for adherents of certain faiths.

The long-standing Roman Catholic tradition of not eating meat on Fridays-especially during Lent-

and of substituting fish for other types of meat on that day-continues to influence habits even in

predominantly Protestant societies. Friday night remains a traditional occasion for eating fish-and-

chips; and many cafeterias and similar establishments,while varying their menus on other days of the week,habitually offer fish and chips every Friday.

The food is now in an environmental protection chain. In the UK, waste fat from fish and chip shops has become a useful source. Petrotec has outlined plans to produce biodiesel in the UK, from waste fat from the British fish-and-chip industry.

炸鱼和土豆条在英国、爱尔兰、澳大利亚、新西兰、加拿大和南非是一种流行的外卖食品.它由糊状的鱼和油炸的土豆条组成。

那么这道菜是如何流行开来的呢?19世纪下半叶，英国北海的捕鱼业迅速发展;铁路也迅速发展，将城市和港口连接起来。因此炸鱼和薯条也就在英国工人阶层中流行开来。

在19世纪中期，这道菜在伦敦和英格兰东南部这个更广泛的圈子中流行起来，而在英格兰北部油炸薯条的生意发展起来。第一家薯条店的旧址位干现在的奥尔德姆的Tommyfield市场。目前还不清楚什么时候、什么地点这两个行业组成了我们今天所熟悉的炸鱼和薯条店行业。第一家有记录的炸鱼和薯条店是约瑟夫.马林于1860年或1865年在伦敦开办的。

传统的油炸用油使用的是牛油或猪油;然而当今如花生油之类植物油占据了主导地位。

英格兰和苏格兰北部的少数厂商以及北爱尔兰大多数厂商仍然使用牛油或猪油，因为它能够使食物别具风昧。但它也有一定的负面作用:素食者和某些宗教的信徒就不宜食用这种薯条。

罗马天主教有一个长期的传统—周五不吃肉，或以鱼代替其他种类的肉，这一传统在大斋节期间尤甚。时至今日，虽然新教徒占据大多数，这一传统仍然影响着人们。星期五晚上是一个传统的吃炸鱼和薯条的场合;许多自助餐厅和类似的餐斤尽管会在平时有花样百出的菜单，在周五晚上提供炸鱼和薯条却是雷打不动的规矩。

这道菜现在加入了一条环境保护链。在英国，炸鱼和薯条店所产生的废油脂已成为一种有用的资源。Petrotec已经制定了一项生物柴油生产计划。生产原料就来自英国的炸鱼和薯条业所产生的油脂。