词类转译法Conversion

翻译技巧4词类转译法

英语与汉语的一个显著差异：

英语呈静态；汉语呈动态

从词汇用法上，英语中常用抽象名词、动词的同源名词、同源形容词、副词及介词等来表达动态含义。而汉语的动词由于无形态变化，若要表示动作意义，往往只能采用动词。

Don’t believe him.You should know he is a good kidder.不要相信他。你应该知道他很会骗人的。I’m doubtful whether he is still alive.我怀疑他是否还活着。

Mother is on the telephone with father.母亲与父亲在通话。

一、词类的转译

(一)英语名词的转译

1.英语名词—〉汉语动词

nominalization)成为英语使用中的普遍现象，构成了静态为主的语言特征。而汉名词化(nominalization

语是逻辑性语言，不受动词形态变化的约束，使用较多的动词，形成了明显的动态优势。英译汉的过程就是在译文中强化原文动态色彩的过程，常常需要英语名词转换成汉语动词。

(1)具有动作意义的名词(action nouns)

例1.I’m convinced that China’s WTO membership will do more contributions to the development of global economy.

我坚信中国加入WTO将会对全球经济发展做出更大贡献。

例2.Parents’love of children is perfect and minute.(n.+of)

父母爱子女无微不至。

English.(n.+of短语)

例3.There is no shortcut to the mastery of English

掌握英语无捷径。

(2)有些与感官动词(see,hear,think,know等)相联系的名词(sight,sound,glance,view, knowledge等)通常转译成动词。

例1.The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.

看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，我的心里充满特别的向往之情。

例2.Some knowledge about the structure and history of Chinese is helpful for the study of the language.

了解一下汉字的结构和发展史，对学习汉语是有帮助的。

(3)某些由动词作词根+er/or构成的名词，当它不表示个人的职业，而具有较强的动作意义时，可将其转译为动词。

例1.Professor Wang was the instructor of our experiment.王教授指导我们做实验。

例2.He is a good eater and a good sleeper

sleeper.他能吃能睡。

例3.Those photos served as a reminder of my childhood.那些照片使我想起了童年。

例4.I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming.I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.

恐怕我不能教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得更好。

(4)构成动词短语的中心名词

have a look,have a glance at,have a love for,take care of,take notice of,pay attention to,make use of,give approval to等

例1.He had a good knowledge of chemistry.他精通化学。

stop.

例2.Please don’t get on or off the bus before it comes to a full stop

在车没有完全停稳之前，请不要上下车。

（5）由弱化的动词结构there be+名词也能表达动态含义

As Shanghai becomes increasingly congested and polluted,there has been a growing realization that action is needed to tackle these problems.

随着上海变得越来越拥挤，污染问题日益严重，人们更加意识到需要采取行动来解决这些

问题。

2.英语名词—〉汉语的形容词

形容词派生来的名词

例1.We are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy and firmly determined to pursue it.

我们深信这一政策是正确的，并决定继续奉行这一政策。

例2.Australian guests are immensely impressed by the splendor and warmth of our reception at the airport.

澳大利亚客人对于我们在机场所给予的盛大热情的接待，深表感谢。

3.英语名词—〉汉语的副词

The delegates at the conference unanimously expressed their determination to oppose hegemonism on the part of the two superpowers.

会上，代表们一致表示坚决地反对两个超级大国的霸权主义。

(二)英语形容词的转译

1.英语形容词—〉汉语的动词

(1)由动词派生来的形容词，尤其以-able,-ible为后缀的形容词动作意义明显

work---workable

avail---available

convert---convertible

apply---applicable

dispose---disposable

这类形容词使用频率高，能贴切地体现出汉语的动词意义.。译为“可……”，“适合…..”

dismissible,so don’t take it to heart.她的话无足轻重，不要太往心里去。

例1What she said is dismissible

不相容。Water is incompatible with fire.

例2水火不相容

例3The State Department’s top-ranking Asian specialist said Monday that China’s opening to the West is a helpful policy that should be encouraged by close ties with the United States.

国务院最高级的亚洲问题专家星期一说，中国向西方开放的政策是一项好政策，应该通过加强中国同美国的关系来加以鼓励。

(2)表示心理活动和状态的形容词(confident,certain,angry,aware,optimistic,anxious,guilty, delighted,reluctant等)

例1.Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.

医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。

持乐观的态度。

例2.对中美关系的未来我持乐观的态度

I’m very optimistic about the future development of Sino-US relations.

(3)以-ed,-ing结尾的形容词常与be动词或其他弱化动词连用，具有明显的动态特征

excited/enlightening/pushing/relieved/determined/rewarding/embarrassing/well-intentioned等

松了一口气。

例1知道他已经安全地到达美国，我终于松了一口气

Knowing that he had arrived in the US safely,I was greatly relieved.

例2Saud was a frustrated man at that time.

沙特那时已受挫折。

2.英语形容词—〉汉语的名词

hypocritical.我们大家认为他是一个十足的伪君子。

例1.Most of us think him very hypocritical

flexible,and can do a greater variety of jobs.

例2Computers are more flexible

计算机的灵活性较大，因此，能做更多不同的工作。

3.英语形容词—〉汉语的副词

例1.There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country.

目前，我国各地对各种消费品的需求已大大增加。

例2She was concentrating herself too thoroughly---what she did really required less mental and