翻译学基本概念

翻译学基本用语

源语/译出语source language(SL), original language

译语/译入语target language(TL), receptor language, receiving language

原作者SL author, original author

译者(笔译者)translator

译者(口译者)interpreter

读者/接受者reader, receptor, audience

文本text

原文/原著source text (ST), SL text, original text, original version/original work 译文target text, translation, target version, rendering, rendition

译本/译著translated text/translational work

源语读者source-language reader/SL reader

源语文化source-language culture/source culture

译语读者target-language reader/TL reader/receiving audience

译语文化target-language culture/target culture/receiving culture

语境context

笔译written translation

口译oral interpretation/oral translation/interpreting

同声传译simultaneous interpreting

交替口译consecutive interpreting

翻译原则translation principle

标准translation criterion (复数形式为criteria)

翻译过程translation process

翻译程序/步骤translation procedures

反应/读者翻译response/reader’s response

对应(部分对应/完全对应)(partial /full )correspondence

等值/对等equivalence

对等物(词语)equivalent

形式对等formal equivalence

功能对等functional equivalence

动态对等dynamic equivalence

等效equivalent effect

充分性adequacy

可接受性acceptability(acceptable, unacceptable, unacceptability)

可读性readability(readable)

可译性translatability(translatable)

不可译性untranslatability(untranslatable)

表层结构surface structure

深层结构deep structure

理解understanding/comprehension

表达expression

再现reproduction/representation

转换transformation

传译/转移transferral/transfer

误解misunderstanding

误译mis-translation

异化foreignization/alienation/exoticization/ exogenization/source-oriented translation 归化domestication/naturalization/adaptation/endogenization/target-accommodating translation

词汇空缺lexical gap

文化沟(空缺/非对应)cultural gap

直译literal translation/direct translation

意译free translation/liberal translation/semantic translation

直译派a literalist/a sourcerer

意译派a free-hander/a targeteer

重复法repetition

增译法/增词法/增译amplification/addition

减译法/减词法/省略法/省译omission

词类转移法/词性转换conversion

反译法/正反译法/反正译法negation

移植法transplant(ing)/transplantation

音译法transliteration

具体化specification

概括化generalization

抽象化abstracting

明析化explicitation

译借(语义转借)calque(loan translation)

加注法annotation

夹注intratextual note

脚注footnote

尾注/文后注endnote

注释性翻译annotated/commented translation

释义法/解释法explanation/paraphrase

引申法extension

替代法substitution/replacement

借用borrowing

推演法deduction

缀合法combination

分译法division

逆序法/倒置法reversing

合译法combination

综合法mixture of methods

包孕embedding

切断/分切cutting

拆离splitting-off

插入inserting

重组recasting