涨姿势英文路演、论文写作常用词汇与表达方式

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英语议论文写作重点单词

英语议论文写作重点单词，短语，句型1: in brief （总之）2：for one thing …，for another （从两方面阐述某个问题） 3：exert a dramatic impact on （产生很大影响）4：broaden one ’s horizons （开阔眼界）5：behave oneself （检点自己的行为）6：raise public awareness （提高公共意识）7：what ’s more impotant （更重要的是）8：account for9： 10：admittedly （应当承认的是…）11：attach more importance to （重视…）12：thinktwice （三思）14：TV commercials （电视广告）15：in a word (简而言之)16：to sum up / in summary (总结词)17：in conclusion /on the whole /in all /altogether (总之)18：lie in （在于）分析原因13：在我看来19：bring about （使发生）21：be confront with （面对（一般只不好的））22：faced with （面对问题（一般用于一句话的开头））24：go through (熬过)25：not …an inch (一点也不…)=not …at all26: throw a party (请客吃饭)经典句型：1：when it comes to …，people ’s opinion differ , some peoplebelieve … , while others claim that …(当谈到…时，人们的观点往往不同，有的人认为…，而其他人则认为…)2：it is no doubt that …(毋庸置疑)3：there is a general discussion today about the problem/ issueof …,those who criticize …argue that …they believe that …But people who adovate …on the other hand, argue that …(如今有个关于…问题的很普遍的讨论，那些持批判意见的人…，他们认为…，但是那些支持的人…，另外一方面又声称…)4：most people are of the opinion that …,but I personally believe that …与…对比In/by in comparison with As compare with Contrast with Striking contrast(鲜明对比)23：有关对比词（大多数人认为…，但是我认为…）5：the number is6:It accounts for /takes up …percent of the total7:the number was …less than /more than a 8:In 1990,it increased/ decreased from …to …(在1990年，数据由…增长/下降到…)9：By comparison with 1998 ,it decreased /increased by …10:A number of factors can account for the change in …is alsoresponsible for the rise/decrease in …11:It is widely accepted that (被广泛接受的是…)12：It is no use doing sth (做某事没用)13：It is often the case that (事实是这样的)14:There is/are reasons for us to believe/accept/resist/reject that …15:Where there is a will , there is a way (有志者事竟成)16:God help those who help themselfs17:It is the … that …(强调句)强调句的用法：eg: It is the A that B强调句即为把“It is that ”去掉，这个句子还能说的通，没有任何错误，此为强调句。

英语演讲常用表达

英语演讲常用表达一、英语演讲常用表达介绍一场英语演讲从流程上看，一般有开场白、概述、切入正题、演讲救场、总结五个环节。

所以英语演讲常用表达可以从这五个环节入手去梳理和积累，这样演讲起来就会得心应手。

本文就从这五个环节入手，给出一些常用、好用的表达。

二、英语演讲常用表达（一）开场白环节常用英语表达演讲首先要做一个开场白，根据场合的不同，开场白有很多种不同的表达方式，可以很平实，表示感谢到来，也可以很激昂，一句话就勾住听众的心。

举例1：在正式场合做演讲，需要隆重的开场白①Ladies and gentleman. It's an honor to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience.（女士们先生们，我感到很荣幸有机会在这么多杰出的观众面前发言。

）②Good morning, everyone. I'm thankful for your coming, and you will thank me by the end of my speech. Because I am going to be talking about a method that could double your profit margins or your salary.（大家早上好，我很感谢你们的到来，但演讲的结尾你们会感谢我。

因为我要说的是一种能使你的利润/工资翻倍的方法。

（自信，幽默，先声夺人，引起听众兴趣））举例2：在轻松场合，可以随意一些①Hello, everybody. Thank you for making an effort to come today.（大家好。

谢谢大家今天抽出时间来这里。

）②Good morning/afternoon, I'm very glad to stand here and give you a short speech.（早上/下午好，我很开心能站在这里给大家分享一段短演讲。

英文论文写作中一些可能用到的词汇

英⽂论⽂写作中⼀些可能⽤到的词汇英⽂论⽂写作过程中总是被⾃⼰可怜的词汇量击败, 所以我打算在这⾥记录⼀些在阅读论⽂过程中见到的⼀些⾃⼰不曾见过的词句或⽤法。

这些词句查词典都很容易查到，但是只有带⼊论⽂原⽂中才能体会内涵。

毕竟原⽂和译⽂中间总是存在⼀条看不见的思想鸿沟。

形容词1. vanilla: adj. 普通的, 寻常的, 毫⽆特⾊的. ordinary; not special in any way.2. crucial: adj. ⾄关重要的, 关键性的.3. parsimonious：adj. 悭吝的, 吝啬的, ⼩⽓的.e.g. Due to the underlying hyperbolic geometry, this allows us to learn parsimonious representations of symbolic data by simultaneously capturing hierarchy and similarity.4. diverse: adj. 不同的, 相异的, 多种多样的, 形形⾊⾊的.5. intriguing: adj. ⾮常有趣的, 引⼈⼊胜的; 神秘的. *intrigue: v. 激起…的兴趣, 引发…的好奇⼼; 秘密策划(加害他⼈), 密谋.e.g. The results of this paper carry several intriguing implications.6. intimate: adj. 亲密的; 密切的. v.透露; (间接)表⽰, 暗⽰.e.g. The above problems are intimately linked to machine learning on graphs.7. akin: adj. 类似的, 同族的, 相似的.e.g. Akin to GNN, in LOCAL a graph plays a double role: ...8. abundant: adj. ⼤量的, 丰盛的, 充裕的.9. prone: adj. 有做(坏事)的倾向; 易于遭受…的; 俯卧的.e.g. It is thus prone to oversmoothing when convolutions are applied repeatedly.10.concrete: adj. 混凝⼟制的; 确实的, 具体的(⽽⾮想象或猜测的); 有形的; 实在的.e.g. ... as a concrete example ...e.g. More concretely, HGCN applies the Euclidean non-linear activation in...11. plausible: adj. 有道理的; 可信的; 巧⾔令⾊的, 花⾔巧语的.e.g. ... this interpretation may be a plausible explanation of the success of the recently introduced methods.12. ubiquitous: adj. 似乎⽆所不在的;⼗分普遍的.e.g. While these higher-order interac- tions are ubiquitous, an evaluation of the basic properties and organizational principles in such systems is missing.13. disparate: adj. 由不同的⼈(或事物)组成的;迥然不同的;⽆法⽐较的.e.g. These seemingly disparate types of data have something in common: ...14. profound: adj. 巨⼤的; 深切的, 深远的; 知识渊博的; 理解深刻的;深邃的, 艰深的; ⽞奥的.e.g. This has profound consequences for network models of relational data — a cornerstone in the interdisciplinary study of complex systems.15. blurry: adj. 模糊不清的.e.g. When applying these estimators to solve (2), the line between the critic and the encoders g1,g2 can be blurry.16. amenable: adj. 顺从的; 顺服的; 可⽤某种⽅式处理的.e.g. Ou et al. utilize sparse generalized SVD to generate a graph embedding, HOPE, from a similarity matrix amenableto de- composition into two sparse proximity matrices.17. elaborate: adj. 复杂的;详尽的;精⼼制作的 v.详尽阐述;详细描述;详细制订;精⼼制作e.g. Topic Modeling for Graphs also requires elaborate effort, as graphs are relational while documents are indepen- dent samples.18. pivotal: adj. 关键性的；核⼼的e.g. To ensure the stabilities of complex systems is of pivotal significance toward reliable and better service providing.19. eminent: adj. 卓越的，著名的，显赫的;⾮凡的;杰出的e.g. To circumvent those defects, theoretical studies eminently represented by percolation theories appeared.20. indispensable: adj. 不可或缺的;必不可少的 n. 不可缺少的⼈或物e.g. However, little attention is paid to multipartite networks, which are an indispensable part of complex networks.21. post-hoc: adj. 事后的e.g. Post-hoc explainability typically considers the question “Why the GNN predictor made certain prediction?”.22. prevalent: adj. 流⾏的;盛⾏的;普遍存在的e.g. A prevalent solution is building an explainer model to conduct feature attribution23. salient: adj. 最重要的;显著的;突出的. n. 凸⾓;[建]突出部;<军>进攻或防卫阵地的突出部分e.g. It decomposes the prediction into the contributions of the input features, which redistributes the probability of features according to their importance and sample the salient features as an explanatory subgraph.24. rigorous: adj. 严格缜密的;严格的;谨慎的;细致的;彻底的;严厉的e.g. To inspect the OOD effect rigorously, we take a causal look at the evaluation process with a Structural Causal Model.25. substantial: adj. ⼤量的;价值巨⼤的;重⼤的;⼤⽽坚固的;结实的;牢固的. substantially: adv. ⾮常;⼤⼤地;基本上;⼤体上;总的来说26. cogent: adj. 有说服⼒的;令⼈信服的e.g. The explanatory subgraph G s emphasizes tokens like “weak” and relations like “n’t→funny”, which is cogent according to human knowledge.27. succinct: adj. 简练的;简洁的 succinctly: adv. 简⽽⾔之，简明扼要地28. concrete: adj. 混凝⼟制的;确实的，具体的(⽽⾮想象或猜测的);有形的;实在的 concretely: adv. 具体地;具体;具体的;有形地29. predominant：adj. 主要的;主导的;显著的;明显的;盛⾏的;占优势的动词1. mitigate: v. 减轻, 缓和. (反 enforce)e.g. In this work, we focus on mitigating this problem for a certain class of symbolic data.2. corroborate: v. [VN] [often passive] (formal) 证实, 确证.e.g. This is corroborated by our experiments on real-world graph.3. endeavor: n./v. 努⼒, 尽⼒, 企图, 试图.e.g. It encourages us to continue the endeavor in applying principles mathematics and theory in successful deployment of deep learning.4. augment: v. 增加, 提⾼, 扩⼤. n. 增加, 补充物.e.g. We also augment the graph with geographic information (longitude, latitude and altitude), and GDP of the country where the airport belongs to.5. constitute: v. (被认为或看做)是, 被算作; 组成, 构成; (合法或正式地)成⽴, 设⽴.6. abide: v. 接受, 遵照(规则, 决定, 劝告); 逗留, 停留.e.g. Training a graph classifier entails identifying what constitutes a class, i.e., finding properties shared by graphs in one class but not the other, and then deciding whether new graphs abide to said learned properties.7. entail: v. 牵涉; 需要; 使必要. to involve sth that cannot be avoided.e.g. Due to the recursive definition of the Chebyshev polynomials, the computation of the filter gα(Δ)f entails applying the Laplacian r times, resulting cal operator affecting only 1-hop neighbors of a vertex and in O(rn) operations.8. encompass: v. 包含, 包括, 涉及(⼤量事物); 包围, 围绕, 围住.e.g. This model is chosen as it is sufficiently general to encompass several state-of-the-art networks.e.g. The k-cycle detection problem entails determining if G contains a k-cycle.9. reveal: v. 揭⽰, 显⽰, 透露, 显出, 露出, 展⽰.10. bestow: v. 将(…)给予, 授予, 献给.e.g. Aiming to bestow GCNs with theoretical guarantees, one promising research direction is to study graph scattering transforms (GSTs).11. alleviate: v. 减轻, 缓和, 缓解.12. investigate: v. 侦查(某事), 调查(某⼈), 研究, 调查.e.g. The sensitivity of pGST to random and localized noise is also investigated.13. fuse: v. (使)融合, 熔接, 结合; (使)熔化, (使保险丝熔断⽽)停⽌⼯作.e.g. We then fuse the topological embeddings with the initial node features into the initial query representations using a query network f q implemented as a two-layer feed-forward neural network.14. magnify: v. 放⼤, 扩⼤; 增强; 夸⼤(重要性或严重性); 夸张.e.g. ..., adding more layers also leads to more parameters which magnify the potential of overfitting.15. circumvent: v. 设法回避, 规避; 绕过, 绕⾏.e.g. To circumvent the issue and fulfill both goals simultaneously, we can add a negative term...16. excel: v. 擅长, 善于; 突出; 胜过平时.e.g. Nevertheless, these methods have been repeatedly shown to excel in practice.17. exploit: v. 利⽤(…为⾃⼰谋利); 剥削, 压榨; 运⽤, 利⽤; 发挥.e.g. In time series and high-dimensional modeling, approaches that use next step prediction exploit the local smoothness of the signal.18. regulate: v. (⽤规则条例)约束, 控制, 管理; 调节, 控制(速度、压⼒、温度等).e.g. ... where b>0 is a parameter regulating the probability of this event.19. necessitate: v. 使成为必要.e.g. Combinatorial models reproduce many-body interactions, which appear in many systems and necessitate higher-order models that capture information beyond pairwise interactions.20. portray:描绘, 描画, 描写; 将…描写成; 给⼈以某种印象; 表现; 扮演(某⾓⾊).e.g. Considering pairwise interactions, a standard network model would portray the link topology of the underlying system as shown in Fig. 2b.21. warrant: v. 使有必要; 使正当; 使恰当. n. 执⾏令; 授权令; (接受款项、服务等的)凭单, 许可证; (做某事的)正当理由, 依据.e.g. Besides statistical methods that can be used to detect correlations that warrant higher-order models, ... (除了可以⽤来检测⽀持⾼阶模型的相关性的统计⽅法外, ...)22. justify: v. 证明…正确(或正当、有理); 对…作出解释; 为…辩解(或辩护); 调整使全⾏排满; 使每⾏排齐.e.g. ..., they also come with the assumption of transitive, Markovian paths, which is not justified in many real systems.23. hinder:v. 阻碍; 妨碍; 阻挡. (反 foster: v. 促进; 助长; 培养; ⿎励; 代养, 抚育, 照料(他⼈⼦⼥⼀段时间))e.g. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of these matrix operators capture how the topology of a system influences the efficiency of diffusion and propagation processes, whether it enforces or mitigates the stability of dynamical systems, or if it hinders or fosters collective dynamics.24. instantiate:v. 例⽰；⽤具体例⼦说明.e.g. To learn the representation we instantiate (2) and split each input MNIST image into two parts ...25. favor:v. 赞同;喜爱, 偏爱; 有利于, 便于. n. 喜爱, 宠爱, 好感, 赞同; 偏袒, 偏爱; 善⾏, 恩惠.26. attenuate: v. 使减弱; 使降低效⼒.e.g. It therefore seems that the bounds we consider favor hard-to-invert encoders, which heavily attenuate part of the noise, over well conditioned encoders.27. elucidate:v. 阐明; 解释; 说明.e.g. Secondly, it elucidates the importance of appropriately choosing the negative samples, which is indeed a critical component in deep metric learning based on triplet losses.28. violate: v. 违反, 违犯, 违背(法律、协议等); 侵犯(隐私等); 使⼈不得安宁; 搅扰; 亵渎, 污损(神圣之地).e.g. Negative samples are obtained by patches from different images as well as patches from the same image, violating the independence assumption.29. compel:v. 强迫, 迫使; 使必须; 引起(反应).30. gauge: v. 判定, 判断(尤指⼈的感情或态度); (⽤仪器)测量, 估计, 估算. n. 测量仪器(或仪表);计量器;宽度;厚度;(枪管的)⼝径e.g. Yet this hyperparameter-tuned approach raises a cubic worst-case space complexity and compels the user to traverse several feature sets and gauge the one that attains the best performance in the downstream task.31. depict: v. 描绘, 描画; 描写, 描述; 刻画.e.g. As they depict different aspects of a node, it would take elaborate designs of graph convolutions such that each set of features would act as a complement to the other.32. sketch: n. 素描;速写;草图;幽默短剧;⼩品;简报;概述 v. 画素描;画速写;概述;简述e.g. Next we sketch how to apply these insights to learning topic models.33. underscore：v. 在…下⾯划线;强调;着重说明 n.下划线e.g. Moreover, the walk-topic distributions generated by Graph Anchor LDA are indeed sharper than those by ordinary LDA, underscoring the need for selecting anchors.34. disclose: v. 揭露;透露;泄露;使显露;使暴露e.g. Another drawback lies in their unexplainable nature, i.e., they cannot disclose the sciences beneath network dynamics.35. coincide: v. 同时发⽣;相同;相符;极为类似;相接;相交;同位;位置重合;重叠e.g. The simulation results coincide quite well with the theoretical results.36. inspect: v. 检查;查看;审视;视察 to look closely at sth/sb, especially to check that everything is as it should be名词1. capacity: n. 容量, 容积, 容纳能⼒; 领悟(或理解、办事)能⼒; 职位, 职责.e.g. This paper studies theoretically the computational capacity limits of graph neural networks (GNN) falling within the message-passing framework of Gilmer et al. (2017).2. implication: n. 可能的影响(或作⽤、结果); 含意, 暗指; (被)牵连, 牵涉.e.g. Section 4 analyses the implications of restricting the depth d and width w of GNN that do not use a readout function.3. trade-off:(在需要⽽⼜相互对⽴的两者间的)权衡, 协调.e.g. This reveals a direct trade-off between the depth and width of a graph neural network.4. cornerstone:n. 基⽯; 最重要部分; 基础; 柱⽯.5. umbrella: n. 伞; 综合体; 总体, 整体; 保护, 庇护(体系).e.g. Community detection is an umbrella term for a large number of algorithms that group nodes into distinct modules to simplify and highlight essential structures in the network topology.6. folklore:n. 民间传统, 民俗; 民间传说.e.g. It is folklore knowledge that maximizing MI does not necessarily lead to useful representations.7. impediment:n. 妨碍,阻碍,障碍; ⼝吃.e.g. While a recent approach overcomes this impediment, it results in poor quality in prediction tasks due to its linear nature.8. obstacle:n. 障碍;阻碍; 绊脚⽯; 障碍物; 障碍栅栏.e.g. However, several major obstacles stand in our path towards leveraging topic modeling of structural patterns to enhance GCNs.9. vicinity:n. 周围地区; 邻近地区; 附近.e.g. The traits with which they engage are those that are performed in their vicinity.10. demerit: n. 过失,缺点,短处; (学校给学⽣记的)过失分e.g. However, their principal demerit is that their implementations are time-consuming when the studied network is large in size. Another介/副/连词1. notwithstanding:prep. 虽然;尽管 adv. 尽管如此.e.g. Notwithstanding this fundamental problem, the negative sampling strategy is often treated as a design choice.2. albeit: conj. 尽管;虽然e.g. Such methods rely on an implicit, albeit rigid, notion of node neighborhood; yet this one-size-fits-all approach cannot grapple with the diversity of real-world networks and applications.3. Hitherto:adv. 迄今;直到某时e.g. Hitherto, tremendous endeavors have been made by researchers to gauge the robustness of complex networks in face of perturbations.短语1.in a nutshell: 概括地说, 简⾔之, ⼀⾔以蔽之.e.g. In a nutshell, GNN are shown to be universal if four strong conditions are met: ...2. counter-intuitively: 反直觉地.3. on-the-fly:动态的(地), 运⾏中的(地).4. shed light on/into:揭⽰, 揭露; 阐明; 解释; 将…弄明⽩; 照亮.e.g. These contemporary works shed light into the stability and generalization capabilities of GCNs.e.g. Discovering roles and communities in networks can shed light on numerous graph mining tasks such as ...5. boil down to: 重点是; 将…归结为.e.g. These aforementioned works usually boil down to a general classification task, where the model is learnt on a training set and selected by checking a validation set.6. for the sake of:为了.e.g. The local structures anchored around each node as well as the attributes of nodes therein are jointly encoded with graph convolution for the sake of high-level feature extraction.7. dates back to:追溯到.e.g. The usual problem setup dates back at least to Becker and Hinton (1992).8. carry out:实施, 执⾏, 实⾏.e.g. We carry out extensive ablation studies and sensi- tivity analysis to show the effectiveness of the proposed functional time encoding and TGAT-layer.9. lay beyond the reach of:...能⼒达不到e.g. They provide us with information on higher-order dependencies between the components of a system, which lay beyond the reach of models that exclusively capture pairwise links.10. account for: ( 数量或⽐例上)占; 导致, 解释(某种事实或情况); 解释, 说明(某事); (某⼈)对(⾏动、政策等)负有责任; 将(钱款)列⼊(预算).e.g. Multilayer models account for the fact that many real complex systems exhibit multiple types of interactions.11. along with: 除某物以外; 随同…⼀起, 跟…⼀起.e.g. Along with giving us the ability to reason about topological features including community structures or node centralities, network science enables us to understand how the topology of a system influences dynamical processes, and thus its function.12. dates back to:可追溯到.e.g. The usual problem setup dates back at least to Becker and Hinton (1992) and can conceptually be described as follows: ...13. to this end:为此⽬的;为此计;为了达到这个⽬标.e.g. To this end, we consider a simple setup of learning a representation of the top half of MNIST handwritten digit images.14. Unless stated otherwise:除⾮另有说明.e.g. Unless stated otherwise, we use a bilinear critic f(x,y)=x T Wy, set the batch size to 128 and the learning rate to 10−4.15. As a reference point:作为参照.e.g. As a reference point, the linear classification accuracy from pixels drops to about 84% due to the added noise.16. through the lens of:透过镜头. (以...视⾓)e.g. There are (at least) two immediate benefits of viewing recent representation learning methods based on MI estimators through the lens of metric learning.17. in accordance with:符合；依照；和…⼀致.e.g. The metric learning view seems hence in better accordance with the observations from Section 3.2 than the MI view.It can be shown that the anchors selected by our Graph Anchor LDA are not only indicative of “topics” but are also in accordance with the actual graph structures.18. be akin to:近似, 类似, 类似于.e.g. Thus, our learning model is akin to complex contagion dynamics.19. to name a few:仅举⼏例;举⼏个来说.e.g. Multitasking, multidisciplinary work and multi-authored works, to name a few, are ingrained in the fabric of science culture and certainly multi-multi is expected in order to succeed and move up the scientific ranks.20. a handful of:⼀把;⼀⼩撮;少数e.g. A handful of empirical work has investigated the robustness of complex networks at the community level.21. wreak havoc: 破坏;肆虐;严重破坏;造成破坏;浩劫e.g. Failures on one network could elicit failures on its coupled networks, i.e., networks with which the focal network interacts, and eventually those failures would wreak havoc on the entire network.22. apart from: 除了e.g. We further posit that apart from node a node b has k neighboring nodes.Processing math: 100%。

SCI论文准备写作投稿技巧常用英文词汇

SCI论文准备写作投稿技巧常用英文词汇1. Introduction:- Present study: 本研究- In this paper: 在本文中- The objective of this study: 本研究的目标- To investigate: 研究- Background: 背景- Previous research: 先前的研究- Research gap: 研究空白- Methodology: 方法论- Data analysis: 数据分析- Findings: 研究结果- Conclusion: 结论2. Literature Review:- Literature review: 文献综述- Scholarly articles: 学术文章- Theoretical framework: 理论框架- Empirical evidence: 实证证据- Research methods: 研究方法- Key findings: 主要发现- Implications: 启示3. Methods:- Study design: 研究设计- Data collection: 数据收集- Sample size: 样本量- Research instruments: 研究工具- Data analysis techniques: 数据分析技术- Statistical analysis: 统计分析- Control variables: 控制变量4. Results:- Descriptive statistics: 描述性统计- Correlation analysis: 相关分析- Regression analysis: 回归分析- Significant findings: 显著性发现- Patterns and trends: 模式和趋势5. Discussion:- Implications: 启示- Limitations: 限制- Future research directions: 未来研究方向- Theoretical contributions: 理论贡献- Practical implications: 实践意义6. Conclusion:- Summary: 总结- Contributions: 贡献- Future research: 未来研究- Practical implications: 实践意义。

英文SCI论文写作时的语言表达技巧

1.Introduction：A.如何指出当前研究的不足并有目的地引导出自己研究的重要性？在叙述前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，提出一种新方法或新方向。

如：However,littleinformation(littleattention/littlework/littledata/littleresearch……)(orfewstudies/fewinvestig ations/fewresearchers/fewattempts……)(orno/noneofthesestudies……)has(have)beendoneon(focusedon/a ttemptedto/conducted/investigated/studied(withrespectto))。

如：Previousresearch(studies,records)has(have)failedto consider/ignored/misinterpreted/neglectedto/overestim ated,underestimated/misleaded.thus,thesepreviusresultsareinconclisive,misleading,unsatisfactory,question able,controversial.Uncertainties(discrepancies)stillexist……比如：(1)B.Weaimto//Thispaperreportson//Thispaperprovidesresults//Thispaperextendsthemethod//Thispaperfocuson ……Thepurposeofthispaperisto……Furthermore,Moreover,Inaddition,wewillalsodiscuss……C.圈定自己的研究范围：introduction的另一个作用就是告诉读者(包括reviewer)，你文章的主要研究内容。

英语口语交流学术论证常用词汇

英语口语交流学术论证常用词汇在英语口语交流中，进行学术论证时常用的词汇包括但不限于以下几类：1. 引言部分：In my opinion, ...I believe that...It is widely accepted that...According to research, ...It is generally acknowledged that...Many scholars argue that...2. 表示原因和结果的词汇：Therefore, ...Consequently, ...As a result, ...Due to this, ...Because of this, ...Hence, ...3. 表示对比和对立的词汇： On the other hand, ... However, ...In contrast, ...Conversely, ...Nevertheless, ...Nonetheless, ...4. 表示举例的词汇：For example, ...For instance, ...Such as, ...In particular, ...To illustrate, ...As evidence, ...5. 表示总结和结论的词汇： In conclusion, ...To sum up, ...Overall, ...In summary, ...To conclude, ...All in all, ...以上是一些在英语口语交流中进行学术论证时常用的词汇，当然还有很多其他词汇可以用来增强论证的逻辑性和连贯性。

希望这些词汇能够帮助你在学术论证时更流利地表达观点和观点之间的关系。

涨姿势英文路演、论文写作常用词汇与表达方式

涨姿势|英文路演、论文写作常用词汇与表达方式泛瑞翻译引用数据（图表、表格）：常用的动词：show, present, illustrate, summarize, demonstrate, contain, provide, list, report, give, reveal, display, indicate, suggest, describe, …as从句：As shown in …/ As can be seen in …/ As revealed by …引用/简述他人的研究/观点：XXX + Verb. + n./that … 其中Verb可以为：state, claim, argue, maintain, suggest, assert, hypothesize, conclude, describe, develop, propose, find, show, report, use, study, demonstrate, note, discuss, observe, explain, expand, publish, give, examine, analyze, focus, presume, speculate, assume, support, theorize, contend, recommend其它：Based on …/ In the view of …/ According to …表达可能性：It is certain that …It is almost certain that …It is v ery probable/ highly likely that …It is probable/likely that …It is possible that …It is unlikely that …It is very/highly unlikely that …用于表达可能性的另一种途径：There is a definite possibility that …There is a strong possibility that …There is a good possibility that …There is a slight possibility that …There is little possibility that …表示例外：With the exception of …Apart from …Except for …表示原因/缘由：be due tobe attibuted tobe accounted forbe a consequence ofstem from表示定义/命名：be namedbe calledbe denoted bybe known asbe defined asbe referred to(本文由「华尔街俱乐部」推荐，敬请关注公众号: wallstreetclub)引出设问句（不能直接使用设问句）：It is uncertain/unclear …It has not been determined …It is necessary to consider …The question remains …Current studies provide little information on …We need to know/consider …There is some question as to …Another issue raised by this study is …指出问题所在：This system/process/idea has its problems.There remains the issue of reliability.This model has some serious liminations.Few sol utions have been found to …Little progress has been made in …The problem remains as to how …Researchers still have to find a way to …引出解决方案：Solutions to this problem are now widely discussed. One remedy is to …One method to address this difficulty i s to …There are two possible ways of handling this problem. The first … The second …Several options are available to address this obstacle. However, the best one seems to be …A radically different design/model is needed to overcome this limitation. Recently, researchers have made significant progress in overcoming this difficulty by …引出中心话题：Recently, there has been growing interest in …The possibility of … has generated wide interest in …The development of … is a classic problem in …The develop ment of … has led to the hope that …The … has become a favorite topic for analysis …Knowledge of … has great importance for …The study of … has become an important aspect of …A central issue in … is …(The) … has been extensively studied in recent year s.Many investigators have recently turned to …The relationship between … and … has been investigated by many researchers.Many recent studies have focused on …表达相似之处：Similarly, …Likewise, …In the same fashion, …As in X, in Y …Like X, Y …The same …X is similar/comparable to YX resemble YX correspond to Y表达不同之处或比较/对照：In contrast, …Unlike X, Y …In contrast to …On the other hand, ……; however, ……, but …Whereas/While …, ……, whereas/while …X differ from YX is different from YX contrast with评价他人的研究/论著：正面：useful, important, interesting, clarity, accessibility, detailed, up-to-date, insightful, significant, comprehensive, practical, successful, remarkable, impressive, elegant, scholoarly, original, perceptive, rigorous, economical负面：inconsistent, restricted, misleading, thin, anecdotal, sloppy总结：Overall, …In general, …On the whole, …In the main, …With … exception(s), …The overall results indicate …The results indicate, overall, that …指出本研究的局限：It should be noted that this study has been primarily concerned with …This analysis has concentrated on …The findings of this study are restricted to …This study has addressed only the question of …The limination of this study are clear: …We would like to point out that we have n ot …指出研究结果的局限：However, the findings do not imply …The results of this study cannot be taken as evidence for …Unfortunately, we are unable to determine from this data …The lack of … means that we cannot be certain …指出本研究的意义：Notwithstanding its limi tations, this study does suggest …Despite its preliminary character, the research reported here would seem to indicate …However exploratory, this study may offer some insight into …。

英文论文写作常用词汇和短语

差别gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup differenceNo statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA.Although MMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage, this difference failed to achieve statistical significance.存在，出现occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present多数，少数the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handful 方法approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools发生率Incidence, frequency, prevalenceIn contrast with regions of high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show a high prevalence of mutations at A:T base pairs.发现，阐明，报道，证实verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening ，isolation改变change, alteration,高，增加high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced各种，多种in multiple types of neoplasia, in various types of apoptosis, in a variety of tumors关系，相关，参与closely involved in, associated,广泛的in an extensive survey进行conducte，perform, carry out,降，少，缺decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression, deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack ,defective, negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completely absent, frequently lost or down-expressed, presented discontinuous and weaker expression, completely negative, was not detectable or dramatically reduced, very faint, was undetectable or barely detectable, no expression was found,角色，起作用role, part （limited, potential, early, possible role），serve antiapoptotic functions 可能性feasibility密切地intimately难理解的，似谜的enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)潜在假定的potential, candidate, putative,缩写abbreviations识别，辨别discernment事件Metastasis to the liver is a common event in clinical oncology.a putative tumor initiating eventa (more, extremely, highly, rather, fairly) common initial,a common event in the signal transduction mechanisms of, in the signal transduction processesa common event associated with the mechanisms ofa common early event in responses of, after high-dose chemotherapya common event following gestational exposure to immunotoxicantsa common event （that occurs）during apoptosis is……a common event during oncogenic transformation, in neoplastic transformation that directly or indirectly involves activation of specific tyrosine kinase signaling pathwaysa common event through whicha common event in vivoa rather common event of unknown biological significancea common event resulting from heterogeneous aberrationsa common event regardless of histological subtyping, but does not bear any pejorative significance a common event contributing toa rare, common, prerequisite, central, major, transient, initiation, stressful, critical, crucial, secondary, independent, regulatory, early, earlier, late, later, subsequent, circumstantial, untoward, upstream, irreversible, very frequent event提供，帮助provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in调节（失调，上调，下调）dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expression, over-expression, down-expression, down-regulation,推测presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce，deduction (推论)无所不在地(表达，如MEN1)ubiquitously显著,优先的prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong, striking ,notable, Conspicuously, remarkably，significant, preferential, prevalence, prevalent,相关性related, more relevant with ，the relevance ofno intergroup difference，irrespective ofThere was no significant correlation to gender, age, clinical symptoms, histology, T or N status, TNM stage, or tumor location.Neither eNOS nor nNOS expression was associated with vascular density, tumor grade or the TNM status of the tumors.No correlations were found between bFGF and age, menopausal status, TNM or pTNM, histology, SBR grading or steroid receptors.we did not find any correlation between bax expression and any clinicopathologic parameters (sex, age, TNM status, tumor grade, histological type).相同，同等并列The coordinated induction of all three FOXO3a targets prompted us to examine the status of FOXO3a itselfwith a similar pattern to协同，加强synergize with研究analysis, survey, study, research, investigation, experiments, trial, observations, assessment, inquiry, examinations ,pursue investigation into, analyze, detect, determinate, be focused on, measure, examine, test, assess, evaluate, explore,一致which is in accord with the resultswhich corroborated the resultswhich supported the results优缺点merits and drawbacks，beneficial and detrimental异常aberration, abnormality重要crucial, key, important, major, be of critical importance相反On the contrary,In contrary,but quite on the contraryin sharp contrast,contrary to what would be expected Contrary to the expectation that Contrary to previous beliefs,Contrary to the hypothesis,Contrary to current popular truisms Contrary to current cognitive theories, However, contrary to expectation,……. Cont rary to predictions,…in contrast to previous observations…Contrary to prediction,……Contrary to most previous claims,与一起in combination with, coupled with 由于、鉴于In light ofIn view that。

英语作文高频词汇

英语作文高频词汇Certainly! Here's an essay with high-frequency English vocabulary:Title: The Impact of Technology on Modern Society。

In contemporary society, technology plays an indispensable role in various aspects of our lives, influencing how we communicate, work, and interact with the world around us. This essay will delve into the profound impact of technology on modern society.To commence with, the advent of the internet has revolutionized communication, enabling instantaneous connection between individuals across the globe. Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have become ubiquitous, facilitating not only personal interactions but also serving as powerful tools for businesses to engage with their customers. Moreover, the proliferation of smartphones has made access to informationmore convenient than ever before, with a plethora of applications available at our fingertips.Furthermore, technology has transformed the way we work, ushering in the era of remote employment and digital nomadism. With the rise of telecommuting and virtual offices, geographical barriers are no longer constraints to productivity. Cloud computing services such as Google Drive and Dropbox allow for seamless collaboration among team members, regardless of their physical location. Additionally, automation and artificial intelligence have streamlined workflows in various industries, enhancing efficiency and reducing labor costs.In addition to its impact on communication and work, technology has also revolutionized entertainment andleisure activities. Streaming services like Netflix and Spotify have disrupted traditional media consumption patterns, offering on-demand access to a vast array of movies, TV shows, and music albums. Virtual reality (VR) technology has opened up new frontiers in gaming and immersive experiences, transporting users to fantasticalrealms from the comfort of their homes.However, alongside the myriad benefits of technology, there are also concerns regarding its societal implications. One pressing issue is the erosion of privacy in the digital age, as personal data is collected and monetized by tech companies for targeted advertising purposes. Moreover, the proliferation of misinformation and fake news on online platforms has exacerbated social polarization and undermined trust in traditional media sources.In conclusion, technology has undeniably reshaped modern society in profound ways, revolutionizing communication, work, and leisure activities. While its benefits are manifold, it is essential to address theethical and societal challenges that accompanytechnological advancement. By harnessing the potential of technology responsibly, we can strive towards creating a more inclusive and equitable future for all.This essay has utilized a variety of high-frequencyEnglish vocabulary to explore the impact of technology on modern society.。

英语作文需要用到的词组及表达

发展类g behind(发展)滞后 2.leave… far behind 把…远远地甩到后边 3.subsistence problem 温饱问题 4.an empty slogan 一个空洞的口号 5.economic prosperity 经济繁荣 6. social progress 社会进步 7.political stability 政治稳定 8.materialistic society 物质社会 9.superior to others 高人一等 10.be concerned about 关心 11.the sense of achievement 成就感 12.in terms of 从……的角度 13. a sound attitude 一种正确的态度 14. strive for 为 …… 而努力 15. the pursuit of our ideals 对我们理想的追求 16. material well-being 物质财富 17.meet the future needs 满足将来的需要 18.The fulfillment of one‟s duty and obligations 履行某人的职责与义务 19.Children‟s love for their parents is the latter‟s best reward.孩子对父母的爱是对父母最好的回报。

(孝心)教育类1. The current education system 现行教育体制 2. bookworm 书呆子 3. the practical application of what they have learned 他们所学知识的实际运用 4. challenge examination-oriented education 挑战应试教育 5. advocate quality-oriented education 倡导素质教育 6. focus on the students? ability as a whole 重视培养学生的整体能力 7. 442. bring up a new generation 培养一代新人 8. compulsory education 义务教育 9. Some academic works are full of plagiarisms.一些学术作品里充满了剽窃来的思想和文字。

英文学术写作中常用的词汇与表达方式

表示例外：With the exception of …Apart from …Except for …表示原因/缘由：be due tobe attibuted tobe accounted forbe a consequence ofstem from表示定义/命名：be namedbe calledbe denoted bybe known asbe defined asbe referred to引出设问句（不能直接使用设问句）：It is uncertain/unclear …It has not been determined …It is necessary to consider …The question remains …Current studies provide little information on …We need to know/consider …There is some question as to …Another issue raised by this study is …指出问题所在：This system/process/idea has its problems.There remains the issue of reliability.This model has some serious liminations.Few solutions have been found to …Little progress has been made in …The problem remains as to how …Researchers still have to find a way to …引出解决方案：Solutions to this problem are now widely discussed. Oneremedy is to …One method to address this difficulty is to …There are two possible ways of handling this problem. Thefirst … The second …Several options are available to address this obstacle.However, the best one seems to be …A radically different design/model is needed to overcome thislimitation.Recently, researchers have made significant progress inovercoming this difficulty by …引出中心话题：Recently, there has been growing interest in …The possibility of … has generated wide interest in …The development of … is a classic problem in …The development of … has led to the hope that …The … has become a favorite topic for analysis …Knowledge of … has great importance for …The study of … has become an important aspect of …A central issue in … is …(The) … has been extensively studied in recent years.Many investigators have recently turned to …The relationship between … and … has been investigated by many researchers.Many recent studies have focused on …表达相似之处：Similarly, …Likewise, …In the same fashion, …As in X, in Y …Like X, Y …The same …X is similar/comparable to YX resemble YX correspond to Y表达不同之处或比较/对照：In contrast, …Unlike X, Y …In contrast to …On the other hand, ……; however, ……, but …Whereas/While …, ……, whereas/while …X differ from YX is different from YX contrast with评价他人的研究/论著：正面：useful, important, interesting, clarity, accessibility,detailed, up-to-date, insightful, significant, comprehensive, practical, successful, remarkable, impressive, elegant,scholoarly, original, perceptive, rigorous, economical负面：inconsistent, restricted, misleading, thin, anecdotal,sloppy总结：Overall, …In general, …On the whole, …In the main, …With … exception(s), …The overall results indicate …The results indicate, overall, that …指出本研究的局限：It should be noted that this study has been primarilyconcerned with …This analysis has concentrated on …The findings of this study are restricted to …This study has addressed only the question of …The limination of this study are clear: …We would like to point out that we have not …指出研究结果的局限：However, the findings do not imply …The results of this study cannot be taken as evidence for …Unfortunately, we are unable to determine from this data …The lack of … means that we cannot be certain …指出本研究的意义：Notwithstanding its limitations, this study does suggest …Despite its preliminary character, the research reported herewould seem to indicate …However exploratory, this study may offer some insight into …常用的拉丁文缩写：cf. = comparee.g. = for exampleet al. = and other authorsetc. = and otherserrata = list of typographical mistakesibid. = the same as the previous referencei.e. = that is to sayinfra = see belowloc. cit. = in the place citedN.B. = take noteop. cit. = in the work citedsic = the error is in the original quotesupra = see aboveviz. = namely在介绍概念时常见的段落结构如下：One sentence definition –> components/types/classifications/applications/history/examples/operations/principles/causes/effects如有必要还可通过和相似概念的比较，概念的历史发展，或对不同专家看法的综合来明晰概念。

英文写作术语大全(中英文对照)

英文写作术语大全（中英文对照）abstract words 抽象词acknowledgement 致谢active voice 主动语态affirmative sentence 肯定句agent 施动者alliteration 头韵ambiguity 歧义American English 美式英语analogy 类比analytic expression 分析型表达anastrophe 词语倒装法anticlimax order 突降法anti-rhetorical 反修辞antithesis 对照\对偶antonomasia 换称antonym 反义词apostrophe 撇号(即')appositive 同位语archaic words 古词argumentation 议论文argumentative writing 议论文写作article 冠词ascending order 递增法association 联想attitude 态度audience 听众awkwardness 拙劣balanced sentence 平衡句base 词根beginning 开头beginning paragraph 开头段落between sentences 句际bibliography 书目big words 大词block contrast 批对比法body 主体bookish verbs 学究式动词brainstorming 头脑风暴法brevity 简练British English 英式英语broken sentence 破碎句capitalization 用大写case study 案例分析casual style 非正式文体causal analysis 因果分析cause-effect development 由因到果发展法central thought 中心思想Chinese interference 中文干扰Chinglish 中国式英语choice of words 选词choppy sentence 断续句循环圆周结构circumlocutory 兜圈子的clarity 明晰classical rhetoric 古典修辞模式classification 分类发展法clear reference of pronoun 代词前指明晰clear sentence 意义明晰句cliché陈词滥调climax order 递增顺序clipped words 词省略拼法closing paragraph 结尾段落coherence 连贯coherent 连贯的cohesion 粘着性cohesive device 粘着手段collective noun 集体名词collocation 搭配colloquial 口语化的colloquial context 口语语境colloquialism 口语化colon 冒号combination 句子合并组合法comma 逗号common words 普通词常用语communication means 交际手段comparison 比较法Complete essay checklist 作品核查项目单complete sentence 完整句complex sentence 复杂句complimentary close 结尾套语compound sentence 复合句复杂复合句conceptual repetition 概念重复法concise 简洁conclusion 结论concrete illustration 具体阐明concrete words 实义词confusing sentence 意义混乱句conjunction 连词connective 联系词connotation 内涵connotative meaning 内涵意义conscious logic 逻辑意识consistency 一致性consistent diction 选词一致性consonant 辅音consultative style 商谈体content 内容context 语境contraction 省略contrast 对比法controlling idea 主要思想，conversion 词性转换表达法co-occurrence 共现coordinating conjunction 复合句连词coordination 复合correlation 相关性corrupt English 迂腐英语cross-cultural writing 跨文化写作culture 文化curriculum vitae 简历dangling modifier 悬垂修饰语dash 破折号dateline 写信日期栏declarative sentence 陈述句deduction 演绎法deductive 演绎逻辑的deductive argumentation 演绎论证definite article 定冠词definition 定义法denotation 外延denotative meaning 外延意义descending order 递降顺序description 描写descriptive 描述性的descriptive writing 描写文development 发展diagram 图表说明diction 选词differentiation 区别digressive 跑题、离题的，印象法描写的直接法direct thinking pattern 直接了当的思维模式directions 题义指令discourse pattern 篇章模式distance from tone 语调产生距离，偏离计划主题division 分析分类法documenting the paper 论文引证domesticating strategy 归化战略domestication 归化法drably 表达干巴draft 草稿effect-cause development 由果到因发展法effective paragraph 表述有力的段落effective sentence 表达有力的句子effective variety 表达有力的变化egalitarian (思维)平等化elaboration 进一步详尽阐述electronic news media 电子新闻媒体embedding structure 内嵌结构emotional coloring 感情色彩emphasis 强调emphatic phrases 强调性短语emphatic structure 强调性结构emphatic words 强调性词语ending 结尾ending paragraph 结尾段落English thinking 英语思维English thinking characters 英语思维特征English thinking pattern 英语思维模式enumeration 列举法epigrammatic effect 隽语效果establish context 确立语境establish rapport 建立沟通基础euphemism 委婉语evaluating information 评估材料evidence 证据exclamation mark 感叹号exclamatory sentence 感叹句exemplification 举例法expected functions （信件的）期望交际功能expletive 虚词\填充词explicit language 明示的语言explicitness 明示性exposition 阐述文\议论文expository writing 议论文写作expounding 解释详细说明expressionism 表现主义fallacy in argumentation 论证谬误familiar 熟悉的faulty parallelism 错误平行feedback 反馈fiery language 情绪激动的语言figure of speech 修辞filler words 填充词first draft 第一稿first-person point of view 第一人称flashback 倒叙focus 中心foreignization 外化法foreignizing strategy 外化战略formal 正式的formal letter 正式信函formal repetition 形式重复法formal style 正式文体formal words 正式体词语formulating thesis statement 写作主题句four-character expression (汉语)四字成语fragmental sentence 破碎句free choice 自由选择frequency of usage 使用频率frozen expressions 极正式用语frozen style 极正式文体full spelling 完全拼法full stop 句号fullness (段落发展)充分性general connotation 普遍内涵意义general pattern 常见形式general words 一般词汇generalization 概括法general-specific pattern 由概括到具体发展模式genres 风格、体裁gobbledygook 官样文章、冗长费解的语言grammatical devices 语法技巧grammaticality 符合语法性heading 信头historical association 历史联想hyperbole 夸张法hyphen 分号hyphenated words 用连字号连接的词hyponymy 下义关系hyponym 下义词ideographic synonym 相对近义词idiom 成语idiomatic usage 习惯用法illustration 佐证imperative sentence 祈使句impersonal 非个性化的、客观的implicit language 含蓄语言implicitness 含蓄implied meaning 隐含意义impressionistic description 印象描写法indefinite article 不定冠词indent 行缩进in-depth analysis 深度分析individual words 独立个体词individualistic 个性化induction 归纳法inductive 归纳法的inductive argumentation 归纳法论证法inductive reasoning 归纳法论证infinitive mark 不定式标记inflexible and explicit logic 刚性显性逻辑informal 非正式的informal letter 非正式信函information focus 信息中心information missing 信息遗漏informative 提供信息的、提供知识的innuendo 讽刺、暗指inside address 信内地址interpretation of examples 对例子的诠释interpretative reporting 诠释性报告interrogative sentence 疑问句interrupting expressions 插入短语intimate 亲密intimate style 亲密体inverted pyramid form 倒金字塔形式inverted word order 词序颠倒法involved modifiers 复杂修饰语involved sentence 意义复杂句irony 反语jargon 行话journalese 新闻体journalistic writing 新闻写作justify the significance 论证意义keep to the point 紧扣主题key words 关键词lack of inflection 缺少词形变化language problem 语言问题learned words 学术用词lengthy passage 过长段落letter 信函levels of usage 用法层次lexical reference 句法前指法lexical stylistic devices 句法风格技巧line shifting 换行linear thinking pattern 线形思维模式listing 列举literal meaning 字面意义literary context 文学性语境literary works 文学作品literature review 文献回顾litotes 反语法、间接肯定法、曲言法locating information 搜索定位材料logical paragraphing 逻辑分段法logical thinking modes 逻辑思维模式，逻辑词逻辑短语logicalness 逻辑性long sentence 长句loose sentence 松散句loss of style 偏离一贯的风格main body 主体main idea 主要思想main point 要点manuscript 手稿、原稿margin 页边距materials collecting 材料搜集materials sorting 材料析选maxim of manner 方式次则maxim of quality 质量次则maxim of quantity 数量次则maxim of relevance 相关次则meaning 意义means 手段mechanical English 缺乏灵活的英语message 信息messy 混乱metaphor 隐喻metonymy 借代midget words 小词、常用词militant tone 态度强硬的语调misplaced modifier 错位修饰语modifier 修饰语monotony 单调mood 语态mood shifting 语态转换mouth-filler 口头禅narration 叙述体narrative 叙述体的narrative writing 叙述体写作nature of English language 英语语言本质neat 整洁negative meaning 负面意义negative sentence 否定句newly coined words 新撰词news report 新闻报道news report top-heavy 新闻报道的头重模式nominalization 名词化non-literature works 非文学作品nonrestrictive clause 非限制性从句nonrestrictive phrase 非限制性短语nonverbal language 非言语语言（手势、表情等）noun-oriented sentence 倾向名词化的句子novel 小说number 数number shifting 数的转换objective description 客观描写obscurity 意义不明on equal footing （写作风格）平等化one-sentence paragraph 一句段落onomatopoeia 拟声词opening paragraph 开头段落organization 组织outline 提纲oxymoron 矛盾修饰法padded expression 兜圈子的表达parady 仿拟paragraph 段落独立实体的段落paragraph development 段落发展法paragraphing 分段法parallel structure 平行结构parallelism 平行结构parentheses 插入语\圆括弧parenthetical expressions 插入语passive sentence 被动句period 句号periodic sentence 圆周句person 人称person shifting 人称转换personal 个体化的personal connotation 对个体而言的内涵意义personal letter 个人信函personification 拟人化persuasive writing 劝服性写作、以劝说为目的的写作phonetic stylistic device 语音风格技巧phrasal verbs 短语动词plain sentence 相对修辞句的平白句plantification 拟物point 意义点point of view 观点point-by-point contrast 逐点对比polite 礼貌体的poor English 英语表达力贫乏的positional relation 位置相关positivist-empirical 经验实证性power of communication 沟通力practical writing 应用文写作precise word 表达精确的词汇precision 精确prefix 前缀preparatory reading 写作预备阅读preposition 介词presenting ideas 阐述观点prewriting 写作前printed name of the sender 印刷体写信人姓名printed news media 印刷体新闻媒体problem-solution 提出问题-解决问题的模式process 程序法pronoun 代词pronoun shifting 代词转换proofread 校对proper names 专有名词public （语篇系统特征）公开性pun 双关语punctuation 标点punctuation mark 标点符号purposefulness 目的性Queen's English 标准英语question mark 问号quotation 引用quotation mark 引号quoted speech 引语reader 读者readers-oriented 读者为中心的reader-responsible 读者文责的reasoning 论证redundant collocation 多余搭配reference line 参考行register 语域句际关系relative noun 关系名词relative synonym 相对近义词repetition 重复repetition of structure 结构重复法report writing 报告写作research paper writing 研究报告写作restatement 重申法resume 个人简历return address 回信地址returning to the beginning 照应开头法revise 修改rhetoric 修辞rhetoric of sentence 句子修辞rhetorical analogy 修辞类比rhetorical question 反问句rhetorical words 华丽用语round character 性格充分体现的人物roundabout style 迂回风格run-on sentence “连环”句salutation 称呼语sample 样本sarcasm 讽刺semicolon 分号sentencing 组句setting 场景shades of meaning 隐含义short preposition 短介词short sentence 短句short story 短篇故事signature 签名simile 明喻simple English 简明英语simple sentence 简单句simple words 简单词sincerity 真诚性singleness of purpose 目的唯一性situation 情景situationally appropriate 于情景贴切的slang 俚语social association 社会联想special terms 特殊术语specific words 具体词汇speech 口头言语spelling 拼写stage 步骤法statistics 数据法strength of meaning 意义力度strength of word 词语力度stringy sentence “连环”句structural behavior 结构行为style 风格、文体style is the man 风格即人style makes sense 风格即成意义stylistic coloring 文体色彩stylistic label 文体标记stylistic reference 文体照应stylistic synonym 风格近义词stylistically appropriate 于文体贴切的sub-ideas 次思想subject 主题subject line 主题行subject-oriented 以主题为中心的subject-verb agreement 主谓一致subordination 句子从属组合法subsidiary points 副观点substantial verb 实义动词substitution 替代法sub-topics 副主题suffix 后缀summary 摘要superordinate 上义词，高级词suspense 悬念syllable 音节syllogism 三段论、演绎推理symbolic 符号的synaesthesia 通感，同感synecdoche 提喻synonym 近义词syntactical stylistic device 句法风格技巧synthetic expression 综合型表达systematic 系统性tense shifting 时的转换terse passage 简练的行文test writing 应试写作textual distribution 文稿布局the right style 合适的风格theme 主题third-person point of view 第三人称timed writing 限时作文title writing 标题写作to preach 训导式、说教式to reason 讲道理、逻辑论证tone 语调tones of voice 语气topic 话题topic sentence 主题句transferred epithet/ hypallage 移就transition 过渡transitional mark 过渡标记transitional techniques 过渡技巧truthfulness 真实性types of characters 人物性格类别ungrammaticality 不符合语法性unity 统一性unnatural shifting 不自然转换usage 用法variation 趋势分析variety 多样化verbal language 言语语言verbalization 动词化verb-oriented sentence 倾向动词化的句子vigor 力度vividness 生动vocabulary 词汇vogue slang 流行俚语vowel 元音vulgar words 平民词语word class 词类word division 断词法word order 词序word power 单词表达力wordiness 多话、罗嗦wordy 罗嗦的writer-responsible 作者文责的writer's purpose 作者目的writing 写作writing attitudes 写作态度writing process 写作过程writing purpose 写作目的zero affix 零缀\词性转换法zero derivation 零缀\词性转换法。

英语演讲万能开头结尾高级词汇

英语演讲万能开头结尾高级词汇英语演讲是一种高效沟通的方式，一个成功的演讲需要令人印象深刻的开头和结尾。

在进行英语演讲时，使用恰当的高级词汇可以提升演讲的水平，增加聆听者的兴趣。

下面将讨论一些可以用于英语演讲开头和结尾的高级词汇。

开头高级词汇1. Inaugurate•在英语演讲的开头，使用“Inaugurate”一词可以表达新的开始或推动力量的启动。

例如：“Today, I stand before you to inaugurate a new era ofprogress and innovation.”2. Pioneering•“Pioneering”表示开拓性的想法或行为，展示前瞻性和创新。

例如：“Our company has been pioneering new technologies in the industry fordecades.”3. Catalyze•“Catalyze”意味着促使或推动某种变化或进展。

例如：“We ai m to catalyze a positive transformation in our community through collaborativeefforts.”4. Eminent•“Eminent”表示杰出或卓越，用于描述重要人物或事件。

例如：“I am honored to speak before such an eminent group of scholars and professionals.”结尾高级词汇1. Culmination•“Culmination”表示高潮或顶点，强调一场演讲的重要性和精华所在。

例如：“In conclusion, today marks the culmination of our collective efforts to achieve greater harmony and understanding.”2. Exemplify•“Exemplify”意味着举例说明或作为典范展示，用于强调观点的明确性和可信度。

英语演讲常用语(重点黄色标注)

转帖：英文演讲常用语成功英语演讲的秘诀：开场白、结束语应对问题-I will be pleased to answer any questions you may have at the end of the presentation.-Please can you save your questions till the end.-If you have any questions, I will be pleased to answer them at the end of the presentation. -there will be time at the end of the presentation to answer your questions-so please feel free to ask me anything then.-Don't hesitate to interrupt if you have a question.-Please feel free to interrupt me at any time.-Please stop me if you have any questions.-If you need clarification on any point, you're welcome to ask questions at any time.-Can I come back to that point later?-I will be coming to that point in a minute.-That's a tricky question.-We will go into details later. But just to give you an idea of...-I am afraid there's no easy answer to that one...-Yes, that's a very good point.-Perhaps we could leave that point until the questions at the end of the presentation-I think I said that I would answer questions at the end of the presentation---perhaps you wouldn't mind waiting until then.-I think we have time for just one more question欢迎听众(正式)- Welcome to our company- I am pleased to be able to welcome you to our company...- I'd like to thank you for coming.- May I take this opportunity of thanking you for coming欢迎听众(非正式)- I'm glad you could all get here...- I'm glad to see so many people here.- It's GREat to be back here.- Hello again everybody. Thank you for being on time/making the effort to come today.- Welcome to X Part II.受邀请在会议上致词- I am delighted/pleased/glad to have the opportunity to present/of making this presentation... - I am grateful for the opportunity to present...- I'd like to thank you for inviting/asking me/giving me the chance to...- Good morning/afternoon/evening ladies and gentleman- It's my pleasant duty today to...- I've been asked to...告知演讲的话题- the subject of my presentation is...- I shall be speaking today about...- My presentation concerns...- Today's topic is...- Today we are here to give a presentation on...- Today we are here to talk about...Before we start, I'd like you meet my team members...- A brief look at today's agenda...(告诉听众所讲内容的先后顺序)- Before we start our presentation, let's take a brief look at the agenda...- I shall be offering a brief analysis of...- the main area that I intend to cover in this presentation is...- Take a moment and think of...- Thank you for giving me the opportunity to tell you about...告诉听众发言的长度- During the next ten minutes, I shall...- I shall be speaking for about ten minutes...- My presentation will last for about ten minutes...- I won't take up more than ten minutes of your time...- I don't intend to speak for longer than ten minutes...- I know that time is short, so I intend to keep this brief- I have a lot to cram in to the next ten minutes, so I'd better make a start...引起听众的兴趣- I'm going to be speaking about something that is vitally important to all of us.- My presentation will help solve a problem that has puzzled people for years...- At the end of this presentation you will understand why this company has been so successful for so long...- I am going to be talking about a product that could double your profit margins...- the next ten minutes will change your attitude to sales and marketing...- Over the next ten minutes you are going to hear about something that will change the way your companies operate...- By the end of this presentation you will know all there is to know about...告诉听众内容要点- there are five main aspects to this topic (...the first, ... the second, ...a third, ...another, ... the final)- I am going to examine these topics in the following order (...first, ...next, ...after that, ...finally) - I've divided my talk into five parts...- I will deal with these topics in chronological order...- I'm going to start with a general overview and then focus on this particular problem (...in general, ...more particularly).- I want to start with this particular topic, and then draw some more general conclusions from it (...specifically, ... in a wider context).- there are (a number of) factors that may affect...- We have to take into account in any discussion of this subject, the following considerations. - We all ought to be aware of the following points.结束语-In conclusion, I'd like to...-I'd like to finish by...-Finally...-By way of conclusion...-I hope I have made myself understood-I hope you have found this useful-I hope this has given you some idea/clear idea/an outline of...-Let me end by saying...-That, then was all I had to say on...-That concludes our presentation...-I hope I've managed to give you a clearer picture of...-If there are any questions, I'd be delighted to...-Thank you for your attention...-Let's break for a coffee at this point-I am afraid that the clock is against us, so we had better stop here-You have been a very attentive audience---thank you转自/abc/html/kouyujicui/20070821/4.html转帖二做presentation，我们要注意对话题的准备以及态度和身体语言等等，除此之外，我们还应该掌握一些常用句型。

英语作文叙事常见词汇

英语作文叙事常见词汇In the realm of English narrative writing, there exists a rich tapestry of vocabulary that serves to captivate readers and paint vivid pictures with words. These common narrative terms are the building blocks upon which compelling stories are constructed, allowing writers to convey emotion, setting, and character development with precision and clarity. From the opening line to the final denouement, these linguistic tools are the foundation upon which the narrative arc is built.One of the most fundamental elements of narrative writing is the ability to establish a sense of place. Writers often employ descriptive words to transport the reader to the setting of the story, painting a mental image with carefully chosen adjectives. Terms such as "sprawling," "quaint," "bustling," and "serene" can instantly conjure up distinct atmospheres, allowing the reader to immerse themselves in the world of the narrative. Additionally, words like "towering," "winding," and "expansive" can be used to convey the physical characteristics of the environment, further enhancing the reader's understanding of the setting.Character development is another crucial aspect of narrative writing, and the vocabulary used to describe individuals can greatly influence the reader's perception and investment in the story. Words like "determined," "enigmatic," "resilient," and "conflicted" can provide insight into a character's personality and motivations, while terms such as "jovial," "brooding," and "intimidating" can paint a vivid picture of their outward demeanor. The careful selection of these descriptive words allows writers to bring their characters to life and make them relatable to the reader.Narrative writing also relies heavily on the use of action verbs to convey a sense of movement and progression within the story. Words like "trudged," "sprinted," "grasped," and "trembled" can imbue a scene with a palpable sense of energy and urgency, propelling the reader forward through the narrative. These dynamic verbs can also be used to highlight the emotional state of the characters, as words like "sobbed," "scoffed," and "whispered" can convey the nuances of a character's internal experience.The use of figurative language is another key component of narrative writing, as writers often employ metaphors, similes, and analogies to paint vivid and evocative pictures. Terms such as "like a raging storm," "as sharp as a knife," and "a heart of stone" can help readers visualize abstract concepts and forge emotional connections with thenarrative. These linguistic devices can also be used to heighten the sensory experience for the reader, as words like "fragrant," "sonorous," and "glistening" can transport them to the world of the story.Dialogue is another essential element of narrative writing, and the vocabulary used in character interactions can reveal a great deal about their personalities, relationships, and the overall tone of the story. Words like "retorted," "murmured," and "exclaimed" can convey the nuances of how a character speaks, while terms like "banter," "bicker," and "plead" can provide insight into the dynamics between characters.Finally, the vocabulary used to describe the passage of time and the progression of the narrative can greatly influence the reader's experience. Words like "suddenly," "gradually," and "eventually" can create a sense of pacing and rhythm, while terms like "reminisced," "foreshadowed," and "foreshadowed" can help to establish the temporal context of the story.In conclusion, the common vocabulary of narrative writing is a rich and diverse tapestry that allows writers to craft compelling and engaging stories. From descriptive words that establish setting and character, to dynamic verbs that convey movement and emotion, to figurative language that paints vivid pictures, these linguistic toolsare the foundation upon which the narrative arc is built. By mastering the nuances of this vocabulary, writers can captivate their readers and transport them to the worlds of their imagination.。

关于投稿作文的英语词汇

关于投稿作文的英语词汇Writing a Submission for an English Essay Contest.When it comes to submitting an essay for an English contest, there are several key elements that must be considered to ensure the quality and impact of your work. While the specific requirements may vary depending on the contest, there are general guidelines that apply across the board. Here are some tips to help you craft a winning essay:1. Understand the Prompt: Before you begin writing, ensure that you fully understand the prompt or topic forthe essay. Know the focus and intent of the contest to ensure your essay aligns with the expectations of the judges.2. Plan Your Essay Structure: A well-structured essayis essential for maintaining the reader's interest and ensuring a clear flow of ideas. Consider dividing youressay into an introduction, body paragraphs, and aconclusion.Introduction: Begin with an engaging opening that captures the reader's attention. Introduce the topic and provide a brief overview of what your essay will cover.Body Paragraphs: Expand on the main ideas of your essay in separate paragraphs. Ensure each paragraph has a clear topic sentence followed by supporting details and examples.Conclusion: Conclude your essay with a summary of your main points and a closing statement that ties everything together.3. Write in a Clear and Concise Manner: Use language that is easy to understand and avoid complex sentences or jargon that may confuse the reader. Stick to the point and avoid waffling or adding irrelevant details.4. Proofread and Edit: Once you have completed yourfirst draft, take the time to proofread and edit your work.Check for spelling and grammar errors, as well as sentence structure and flow. A well-edited essay will convey a sense of professionalism and attention to detail.5. Adhere to the Word Limit: Ensure your essay falls within the specified word limit. If there is a minimum word count, aim to meet or exceed it, but avoid going overboard and exceeding the maximum limit.6. Format Correctly: Follow the formatting requirements specified by the contest. This may include using a specific font, spacing, and indentation. Ensure your essay appears visually appealing and easy to read.7. Originality and Creativity: Strive to make your essay original and creative. Show your unique perspective and voice while addressing the prompt. Avoid plagiarizing or copying content from other sources.Remember, writing an essay for an English contest is an opportunity to showcase your writing skills, creativity, and knowledge of the language. Take the time to plan andcraft a thoughtful and engaging piece that will leave a lasting impression on the judges.。

写作常用词汇

写作常用词汇写作是人们交流和表达思想的重要方式之一。

在写作过程中，正确地选择和使用常用词汇是保证表达准确且具有说服力的关键。

本文将介绍一些常用的写作词汇，帮助读者提升自己的写作能力。

一、引言句型在写作的开始部分，我们通常会使用引言句型来引入主题并吸引读者的注意力。

1. It is widely believed that...（广泛认为...）2. Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about...（如今，越来越多的人关注...）3. With the rapid development of...（随着...的快速发展）4. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in...（近年来，对...越来越感兴趣）二、观点句型在写作的主体部分，我们需要清晰地表达自己的观点和论据。

1. From my perspective, ...（从我的角度来看，...）2. It is worth noting that...（值得注意的是...）3. There is no doubt that...（毫无疑问，...）4. It is universally acknowledged that...（普遍认为，...）5. It goes without saying that...（不言而喻，...）6. It is essential to...（对于...是必要的）三、解释和举例句型为了更好地解释观点和支持论据，我们需要使用解释和举例句型。

1. For instance, ...（例如，...）2. In other words, ...（换句话说，...）3. To illustrate this, let's take the example of...（为了说明这一点，让我们以...为例）4. This can be demonstrated by...（这可以通过...来证明）5. As a case in point, ...（一个典型的例子是，...）四、转折和对比句型在写作中，我们常常需要提出不同观点或对比不同事物。

论文场景英语词汇

论文场景词paper n. 报纸，论文content n. 内容thesis n.学位论文data n. 数据（复数）abstract n.摘要subject n. 主题，学科draft n.草稿revision n. 修改bibliography n.参考书目index n. 索引title n.标题subtitle n.小标题background n.背景conclusion n.结论survey n.调查research n. 研究questionnaire n.问卷调查interview v./n.采访，面试interviewer n.面试官，采访者interviewee 面试者,被采访者respondent n.被调查者literature n.文学ambition n.抱负random adj. 随机的well-organized adj. 组织好的extensive adj. 广泛的presentation n.课堂演讲training n.培训laser n.激光printing n.打印report n.报告theory n.理论case study n.个案分析method n.方法approach n.方法whiteboard n.白板overhead adj.头上的projector n.投影仪aid n. 帮助objective n.目标visual adj.视觉的finding n.发现heading n.标题topic n.话题subtopic n.小标题observation n.观察strategy n.策略outline n. 提纲script n.手稿summary n.摘要reference n. 参考书目,证明人review n.评论analysis n.分析scientific adj. 科学的library n.图书馆catalog n. 目录due adj. 到期的n.应付费renewal n. 更新，续借overdue adj. 过期的out on loan 借出的category n. 种类circulation n. 循环classification n.分类periodical n.期刊reserve v.预借check out 登出stack n.书库slip n.小纸片freshman n. 大一学生sophomore n. 大二学生junior n. 大三学生senior n. 大四学生candidate n. 候选人，考生applicant n.申请者bachelor n.学士Bachelor’s degree 学士学位Master’s degree 硕士学位Doctor’s degree 博士学位representative n.代表mature adj. 成熟的undergraduate n. 大学本科生graduate n.大学毕业生postgraduate n.研究生certificate n. 证书diploma n.毕业证booklet n.小册子handbook n. 手册handout n.讲义newsletter n.简报notebook n.笔记本publication n.出版物journal n.学术期刊passage n.文章article n.文章，用品textbook n.教材。

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