及物动词和不及物动词 短语

及物动词和不及物动词 短语
及物动词和不及物动词 短语

及物动词和不及物动词动词短语

动词概说

1)动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词。a)表示动作:swim游泳push推b)表示状态:have有be是

2)英语动词有时态、语态、语气等形式上的变化。限定动词和非限定动词

从是否被主语所限定来分,动词有限定动词(finite verb)和非限定动词(nonfinite verb)两大类。

1)限定动词限定动词用作句子的谓语动词,并被主语所限定,有人称和数的变化。如:

He is a tractor driver.他是一个拖拉机手。

Facts are more eloquent than words.事实胜于雄辩。

We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。

An apple falls by the force of gravitation.地心吸力使苹果落地。2)非限定动词非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种,在句子里都不能单独作谓语动词,故不被主语所限定,没有人称和数的变化。如:

I am pleased to meet you.我很高兴与你相识。(动词不定式)

Smoking is harmful to the health.吸烟对身体有害。(动名词) I heard them singing the Inte rnationale。我听见他们唱《国际歌》。(分词)

Spoken words are often more powerful than writing.语言往往比文字更有力。(分词)

实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词从其含义来分,动词有实义动词(notional verb),连系动词(1ink verb),情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类。

1)实义动词实义动词有完全的词义,并能独立作谓语动词。如:The sun shone brightly this m orning.今天早晨阳光灿烂。

He likes to go for a long walk on sundays.他喜欢星期日出去作长距离散步。

We have a big TV set in the club.我们俱乐部有台大电视机。

2)连系动词连系动词在句中作谓语动词,后面跟表语。英语连系动词有be(是),seem(似乎),look(看来),keep(保持),become(变成),get(变得),grow(变得),feel(感到),turn(变得,变成),appear(显得),remain(仍旧是)等。如:

It is never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。It was a close game.那场球赛比分很接近。

The children in this nursery look very healthy.这个托儿所的孩子看起来都非常健康。

Keep quiet,please!请安静!,

The tape recorder seems all right.这台录音机好像没有毛病。Later he became a doctor.他后来成为一名医生。

The problem remained unsolved until last year.问题到去年才解决。[注一]下面句子中的com e和go也是连系动词。如:

The old man's dream has come true.这位老人的梦想实现了。Something has gone wrong with the truck.卡车出毛病了。[注二]有些连系动词如seem, appear等后面常跟to be。如:The new text seens to be easy,but actually it is rather difficult.这篇新课文好像很容易,其实相当难。

She appears to be the girl's sister.她似乎是那女孩的姐姐。

3)情态动词情态动词有can (能),may (可以,也许),must(必须)等及其过去式could,might等,表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。

[注]关于情态动词详见第十一章。

4)助动词助动词有shall,will,have,be,should,wonld,do等。它们只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式,以及否定和疑问等结构中的谓语动词。

及物动词和不及物动词

从是否需要宾语来分,实义动词又有及物动词和不及物动词两类。

1)及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如:

I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。

"How long can I keep the book ?"Harry asked.哈里问:"这本书我可以借多久?"

Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。2)不及物动词本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:

Birds fly.鸟会飞。

It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三;年六月。My watch stopped.我的表停了。

She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。

3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:

a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:

Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)

She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)

When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)

They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词) b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。Does this cloth wash well?这布经得起洗吗?

4) 与汉语的比较有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:

a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1 isten听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如:

We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We r eached the railway station at noon.)

Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)

Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)

b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,

如serve为…服务。

Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务。

短语动词

动词常和某些其他词类用在一起,构成固定词组,形成所谓短语动词(phrasal verb)。和动词一样,短语动词也可分为及物和不及物两种。短语动词可以作为一个整体看待,同一般动词一样使用。

1)动词+ 介词这类短语动词用作及物动词,后面须跟宾语。如:

The small boy insisted on going with his parents.那男孩坚持要跟父母一起去。

Do you often listen to broadcasts in English? 你常听英语广播吗? Look at the children. A ren't they lovely?看着这些孩子们。他们多么可爱呀!

We stand for self-reliance.我们是主张自力更生的。这一类的短语动词还有很多,如depend on (upon)(依*),wait on (服侍),look for (寻找),deal with(对待),look after(照料),wait for(等待)等。

2) 动词+副词这类短语动词有的用作及物动词,有的用作不及物动词。如:I always get up as soon as the bell rings. 我总是一打铃就起床。(不及物)

Look out,there's a car coming! 当心,来汽车了!(不及物)

Have you handed in your exercises already? 你已经交练习了吗?(及物) Please don't forget to put on your coat;it's cold outside.请不要忘记穿外衣,外面很冷。(及物)

这一类的短语动词还有很多,及物如put out (扑灭),eat up (吃光),putdown(放下);不及物如s et off (出发),come up(走近),go on(继续)。

[注一] "动词+副词"这类短语动词和上面第一类"动词+ 介词"的不同之处在于:"动词+ 介词"用作及物动词,后面须跟宾语。"动词+ 副词"则有的及物,有的不及物;用作及物动词而宾语为人称代词或自身代词时,副词往往放在宾语之后。如:

Please wake me up at five tomorrow.请在明天早上五点唤醒我。

If you have done your exercises,please hand them in.如果你们练习做完了请交来。

She doesn't normally behave like that;she's putting it on.她通常并不如此表现,她是装出来的。

[注二] 这类短语动词有不少可兼作及物和不及物动词用。如:He took off his hat when he ent ered the office. 他进办公室后脱下帽子。(及物)

The plane took off at seven sharp.

飞机在七点整起飞。(不及物)

Charlie rang up Neil to ask about the time of the meeting. 查理打电话给尼尔问开会的时间。(及物)

If you can't come,please ring up and let us know.你如来不了,请来电话告诉我们一声。(不及物)

3) 动词+ 副词+ 介词短语动词"动词+ 副词"之后有的可以再加一个介词,形成另一种短语动词。这类短语动词用作及物动词。如:

Do not give up hope. We must go on with the experiment 不要失望。我们必须继续试验。(go on with继续) He came up to me.他走到我跟前。(come up to走近)

这类短语动词还有:look down upon(看不起),do away with(去掉),put up with(忍受)等。

4)动词+ 名词+ 介词这类短语动词也是及物的。如

He shook hands with all the guests at the banquet.他在宴会上和宾客一一握手。

Young pioneers often come to the Children's Palace to take part in after=school activit ies. 少先队员经常到少年宫来参加课外活动。

Pay attention to the temperature of the stored rice.注意仓库里的稻谷的温度。

Her job is taking care of the babies.她的工作是照顾婴儿。

这一类短语动词还有:put an end to (结束),take notice of (注意),catch hold of (抓住),lo se sight of(看不见),make use of(利用)等

动词的基本形式(principal forms of the verb)

1) 英语动词的四种基本形式它们是动词原形(room form of the verb),过去式(past tense for m),过去分词(past participle)和现在分词(present participle)。这四种形式和助动词一起构成动词的时态、语态和语气。

原形过去式过去分词现在分词work worked worked working write wrote written writing have had had having do did done doing

2) 动词原形动词原形就是词典中一般给的动词的形式,如be,have,do,work,study等。

3)动词过去式和过去分词的构成有规则的和不规则的两种。规则动词(regular verb)的过去式和过去分词,由在原形后面加词尾-ed构成。

[注] 少数双音节动词,尽管重音在第一个音节,仍双写末尾的辅音字母,然后再加-ed。如:

5travel-traveled 5level-1evelled

5total-totaled 5model- modelled

但美国英语不双写辅音字母,如travel-traveled。

不规则动词(irregular verb)的过去式及过去分词的形式是不规则的。这些动词为数虽不多,但都是比较常用的,必须熟记。不规则动词表见本书附录一。

4)动词的现在分词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。其构成方法如下:

a)一般情况下,直接加-ing:go-going 去stand-standing站立

ask-asking answer - answering回答study-studying学习be-being是see-seeing看

[注一] 和名词复数、动词第三人称现在一般时加-s(-es)不同,动词末尾如为"辅音字母+ y"时,y不变,其后直接加-ing。如studying [5stQdiiN],fly - flying [5flaiiN],carry-carrying [5kAriiN]。

[注二] 动词结尾为辅音字母r时,加-ing,r在此必须发音。如:enter [5entE] -entering [5entEr iN]进入answer [5B:nsE]-answering[5B:nsEriN]回答wear [wZE] - wearing [5wZeriN]穿

b)以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e,再加-ing。如:come-coming 来write-writing写

take-taking拿become-becoming变成

c)动词是闭音节的单音节词,或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词,而末尾只有一个辅音字母时,这个辅音字母须双写,然后再加-ing。如:

Sit-sitting坐run-running跑

Stop-stopping 停止begin-beginning开始

admit-admitting 承认forget-forgetting忘记[注一] send,think,accept等动词虽是闭音节或以重读闭音节结尾,但末尾有一个以上的辅音字母,因此,这个辅音字母不双写,应直接加-ing。如:s ending,thinking,accepting。

[注二] 少数双音节的动词,重音在第一音节,仍双写末尾的辅音字母,然后再加-ing。如:

5travel-traveling 5level-levelling 5total-totaling 5model-modelling

美国英语不双写辅音字母,如travel-traveling。

d)少数几个以-ie止结尾的动词,须将ie变作y,再加ing。如:die-dying死,tie-tying捆,缚,系lie-lying躺,说谎

[注]少数以-c结尾的动词变为过去式和现在分词时,须先将-c变为ck,然

后再加-ed或-ing。如:

picnic picnicked picnicking traffic trafficked trafficking

及物动词与不及物动词

及物动词与不及物动词的区别从是否需要宾语来分,实义动词分为及物动词和不及物 动词两类。 及物动词和不及物动词,可以结合汉语来理解,及物动词都有动作的承受者。所有的 及物动词都可以翻译成“被”字句型。例如:我打了他,I hit him,翻译成“被”字句型为: He was hit by me ,他被我打了。不及物动词则不可以,如:他死了,He died. 此处died 为不及物动词,则不可以说,He was died ,他被死了。 1.及物动词 1)及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。 可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。如: 单宾语 He's reading a magazine. 他正在读一本杂志。 双宾语 Mr.Zhang teaches us English. 张老师教我们英语。 复合宾语必须接一个宾语同时接一个补语 We often hear him sing in the park. 我们经常听到他在公园里唱歌。 及物动词不必靠介词,就可以带宾语,如: John is giving a book to me. Who will answer this question? 如果无意中把介词加上,就错了,如: Who will answer to this question? 下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子,也犯了同样的错: "We have many buyers awaiting for available units here." 、管路敷设技术位。在管路敷设过程中,要加强看护关于管路高中资料试卷连接管口处理高中资料试卷弯扁度固定盒位置保护层防腐跨接地线弯曲半径标等,要求技术交底。管线敷设技术中包含线槽、管架等多项方式,为解决高中语文电气课件中管壁薄、接口不严等问题,合理利用管线敷设技术。线缆敷设原则:在分线盒处,当不同电压回路交叉时,应采用金属隔板进行隔开处理;同一线槽内强电回路须同时切断习题电源,线、电气课件中调试进行调整使其在正常工况下与过度工作下都可以正常工作;对于继电保护进行整核对定值,审核与校对图纸,编写复杂设备与装置高中资料试卷调试方案,编写重要设备高中资料试卷试验方案以及系统启动方案;对整套启动过程中高中资料试卷电气设备进行调试工作并且进行过关运行高中资料试卷技术指导。对于调试过程中高中资料试卷技术问题,作为调试人员,需要在事前掌握图纸资料、设备制造厂家出具高中资料试卷试验、电气设备调试高中资料试卷技术内来确保机组高中资料试卷安全,并且尽可能地缩小故障高中资料试卷破坏范围,或者对某些异常高中资料试卷工况进行自动处理,尤其要避免错误高中资料试卷保护装置动作,并且拒绝动作,来避免不必要高中资料试卷突然停机。因此,电力高中资料试卷保护装置调试技术,要求电力保护装置做到准确灵活。对于差动保护装置高中资料试卷调试技术是指发电机一变压器组在发生内部故障时,需要进行外部电源高中资料试卷切

常用动词短语总结

常用英语动词短语 1. 动词+about speak/talk about 谈论think about 思考care about 关心,对… 有兴趣bring about 引起,使发生set about 着手,开始come about 发生hear about 听说worry about 为…担心 2. 动词+away throw away 扔掉blow away 吹走carry away 拿走,使入迷clear away清除掉,消散die away逐渐消失pass away 去世wash away 冲走take away 拿走 put away收拾起来,存起来 give away背弃,泄露wear away磨掉,消耗break away 摆脱send away让走开turn away 把…打发走 3. 动词+back keep back隐瞒,忍住hold back控制住call back 回电话 look back 回顾give back 归还 take back 拿回,收回 4. 动词+for run for 竞选 ask for要求得到 wait for 等候long for 渴望 care for 关心,喜欢search for 查找call for 要求,需要change for 用... 换apply for 申请seek for 寻找

stand for 代表,表示hope/wish for 希望得至0 beg for 乞求look for 寻找hunt for 寻找charge for 收费,要价take for 误以为…是come for来拿,来取 5. 动词+down burn down 烧毁take down记下,记录cut down削减,砍倒pass down 传下来calm down平静下来settle dow n 安家 tear down 拆毁,拆除break down 坏了,垮了,分解turn down 调小,拒绝slow down慢下来put down记下,写下,镇压bring down 使… 降低,使倒下come down下落,传下 6. 动词+at come at 向...袭击 run at冲向,向…攻击 tear at 用力撕stare at 凝视gla nee at 匆匆一瞥knock at敲门,窗等smile at 冲某人笑aim at 向…瞄准wonder at 惊讶shout at 冲某人嚷嚷work at 干…活动研究look at 看,注视glare at 怒视laugh at 嘲笑point at 指向strike at 向... 打击shoot at 向…射击call at 拜访地点 7. 动词+from differ from 与...不同 suffer from 受... 苦

及物动词和不及物动词的区别

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及物动词和不及物动词的区分 及物动词transitive verbs(vt.) 其实所谓“及物”,就是后面可直接加宾语的动词,有被动形式,而 不及物动词是没有被动式的,也不可直接加宾语,需加上介词。 如see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy. 及物动词后面可直接接宾语,不及物动词后面不可直接接宾语,一 般要加介词后再接宾语。实际上很多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。 举一个例子,就说write。如I am writing.和I am writing a letter. 在前一个句子write是不及物动词,在后一个句子write是及物动词。又如,see是及物动词,但在特殊情况下如seeing is believing。 不及物动词就是一个动作不能施加到另一个物体上,也就是后面不能 加宾语。例如:He is running. run这个动词就是不及物动词,后面不能 加sth。(不能说跑什么东西) 分清及物不及物动词: 分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及 物与不及物通常有以下几种情况: a.主要用作及物动词。 及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。如: He reached Paris the day before yesterday. Please hand me the book over there. They asked me to go fishing with them. 类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell.... b.主要用作不及物的动词。 不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用于:"主+谓"结构。 This is the room where I once lived. 类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物 的动词,其意义完全不同。这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及 物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举起"。 He lifted his glass and drank.

动词短语的用法

动词短语的用法 在现代英语中,动词的后面加介词或者副词构成短语,表达特定的含义,称为动词短语。 动词短语在结构上有四种:动词+介词;动词+副词;动词+名词+介词;动词+副词+介词。 如果动词短语被拆开则不能表达特定的含义,它的特点是动词与副词或者介词已成为不可分割的整体。 一、动词+介词 动词和介词连用相当于一个及物动词,后面可以用名词、代词、动名词作宾语,宾语必须放在介词的后面。 例如: My mother had to look after the baby at home. 我妈妈不得不在家照看婴儿。 这类动词短语主要有:look at, listen to, look for, arrive in/at,look after, come into, break into, belong to, begin with, end up等。 二、动词+副词 这类动词短语比较多,应用比较广泛。有的短语相当于不及物动词,有的短语作及物动词。如 果名词作宾语可以放在短语动词的中间或者后面;如果代词作宾语只能放在短语动词的中间。例如: My father puts on his coat and goes out. 我爸爸穿上大衣出去了。 也可以是: My father puts his coat on and goes out. Your pen is on the floor, please pick it up. 你的钢笔在地上,请捡起来。 这类动词短语主要有: p i c k u p,p u t u p/d o w n,p u t o n,t a k e o f,p u t o f,s e t u p,l o o k u p,call up, fix up, turn on/off, give out, work out, put away, clean up, cheer up, hand out, hang out等等。 三、动词+名词+介词 这类动词短语作及物动词用,后面可以跟宾语。短语动词中的名词可以有形容词修饰。例如:My father takes pride in his study. 我爸爸为他的研究感到自豪。 这类动词短语主要有: pay attention to, have a look at. 四、动词+副词+介词 这类动词短语作及物动词用,后面可以跟宾语,宾语放在介词的后面。 例如: The boy is trying to catch up with us. 那个男孩尽力想赶上我们。 Let’s come up with a good idea. 让我们想出个好办法来。 这类动词短语主要有:look down upon, do away with, look forward to, be fond of, be used to, be strict with, be angry with, be full of, be ready to等等。

及物动词和不及物动词 短语

及物动词和不及物动词动词短语 动词概说 1)动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词。a)表示动作:swim游泳push推b)表示状态:have有be是 2)英语动词有时态、语态、语气等形式上的变化。限定动词和非限定动词 从是否被主语所限定来分,动词有限定动词(finite verb)和非限定动词(nonfinite verb)两大类。 1)限定动词限定动词用作句子的谓语动词,并被主语所限定,有人称和数的变化。如: He is a tractor driver.他是一个拖拉机手。 Facts are more eloquent than words.事实胜于雄辩。 We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。 An apple falls by the force of gravitation.地心吸力使苹果落地。2)非限定动词非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种,在句子里都不能单独作谓语动词,故不被主语所限定,没有人称和数的变化。如: I am pleased to meet you.我很高兴与你相识。(动词不定式) Smoking is harmful to the health.吸烟对身体有害。(动名词) I heard them singing the Inte rnationale。我听见他们唱《国际歌》。(分词) Spoken words are often more powerful than writing.语言往往比文字更有力。(分词) 实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词从其含义来分,动词有实义动词(notional verb),连系动词(1ink verb),情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类。 1)实义动词实义动词有完全的词义,并能独立作谓语动词。如:The sun shone brightly this m orning.今天早晨阳光灿烂。 He likes to go for a long walk on sundays.他喜欢星期日出去作长距离散步。 We have a big TV set in the club.我们俱乐部有台大电视机。 2)连系动词连系动词在句中作谓语动词,后面跟表语。英语连系动词有be(是),seem(似乎),look(看来),keep(保持),become(变成),get(变得),grow(变得),feel(感到),turn(变得,变成),appear(显得),remain(仍旧是)等。如: It is never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。It was a close game.那场球赛比分很接近。 The children in this nursery look very healthy.这个托儿所的孩子看起来都非常健康。 Keep quiet,please!请安静!, The tape recorder seems all right.这台录音机好像没有毛病。Later he became a doctor.他后来成为一名医生。

动词be构成的短语动词

一、动词be构成的短语动词 1.be known as/be famous as作为……而闻名 be known for因……而出名 be known to为……所知 be known by凭……而知 The hill is known for the temple. LuXun is known to us as a writer. One can be known by his words and deeds. 2.be married to与……结婚 She is married to a musician... 3.be tired of/with对……厌烦 He is tired of/with this kind of life. =He is bored with this kind of life. 4.be terrified at被……吓一跳 He is terrified at the snake. 5.be burdened with负重 He is burdened with a heavy load. 6.be crowded with挤满 The shop is crowded with people. 7.be dressed in穿着 She is dressed in red. 8.be experienced in对……有经验 He is experienced in mending bikes. 9.be equipped with装备 They are equipped with guns and food. 10.be furnished with提供,布置 They are furnished with enough food. 11.be engaged in sth从事,忙于(=be busy with sth) He has been engaged in writing novels. 12.be engaged to与……订婚 My daughter is engaged to a nice doctor. 13.be about to do sth.正要做…… 1 was just about to go swimming when our guide saw me and stopped me.14.be fit to do/be fit for胜任;适合于 He is fit to do the work. These books are not fit for children. 15.be worth doing值得做…… The film is worth seeing again. 16.be proud of以……而自影骄傲 I am proud of being a Chinese. 17.be used to sth./doing sth.习惯于…… My grandpa is not used to living in the noisy city 18.be content to do sth./with…甘愿于干……;满足于…… I am content with your work this time.

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