专题一名词、代词、冠词 高考英语(课标版)复习专题

第一部分语法知识专题一名词、代词、冠词

挖命题

【考情探究】

考点

年

份

题型

考点统计

课标全国Ⅰ课标全国Ⅱ课标全国Ⅲ2018201720162015201420182017201620152014201820172016

名词语篇型

填空

causes

(cause)

effects

(effect)

attrac-

tion

(attract)

days

(day)

paintings

(painting)

changes

(change)

pollution

(pollute)

crowds

(crowd)

introdu-

ction

(introd-

uce)

achieve-

ment

(achieve)

studies

(study)

ability

(able)

scientist

(science)

education

(educate)

invitation

s

(invita-

tion)

develop

-

ment

(develo

p)

短文

改错

chicken

→

chickens

word

→

words

honest

→

honesty

airs

→

air

year

→

years

Friday’s

→

Friday

sort→

sorts

informa-

tions→

informa-

tion

knowle-

dges→

knowle-

dge

parent→

parents

hour→

hours

mistake

→

mistakes

year→

years

代词语篇型

填空

it its(it)its(it)it

me或

mine(I)

them

(they)

短文

改错

another

→

other

加my

our→

his

your→

our

much→

many

us→me

all→

both或

删除all

your→ our

how→

what

many→

much

加his

myself→

my

加this

your→

my

yourself

→

myself

加I

冠词语篇型

填空

(as)

a

(result)

the

(other)

the

(most

outstan-

ding)

(over)the

(past 25

years)

(over)

the

(top)

(for) a

(while)

the

(most

modern)

(at)the

(top of

her

lungs)

a

短文

改错

加the加the the→ a

加the

your→

the

加a

the→

a

a→ an

/one

加the a→ the去掉the

myself

→

the

加the去掉the

分析解读 1.五年高考课标全国卷在语篇型填空、短文改错中对于名词的考查集中在:

(1)名词的基本用法

1)名词的“数”。要求学生具备以下能力:

①在语境中识别哪些是可数名词

．．．．．．．．．．．．．,．哪些是不可数名词的能力

．．．．．．．．．．．;

②在语境中识别哪些名词需用复数形式的能力

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．;

③掌握名词变复数规则的能力。

2)名词的“格”。要求考生掌握:

①名词所有格的基本构成(‘s,of及双重所有格)及其用法;

②判断哪些情况用名词直接作定语,哪些情况用名词所有格作定语。

(2)名词构词法。要求考生具备以下能力:

①根据句子结构判断设空处是否应该用名词形式的能力;

②掌握名词构词法知识的能力

．．．．．．．．．．．．。

2.五年高考课标全国卷在语篇型填空、短文改错中对于代词的考查集中在:

(1)人称代词、物主代词及反身代词。要求考生具备根据句子结构判断设空处的句法功能的能力

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．,即根据语境判断设空处填人称代词的主格或宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词或反身代词。

(2)不定代词

．．．．。要求考生掌握易混不定代词的用法,如:one, another, the other, some, others, the others 的用法辨析、both,all, either, any, neither, none的用法辨析、many, much, few, little, a few, a little的用法辨析等。

(3)it．．的用法

．．．。要求考生不仅掌握it,its作人称代词、物主代词的基本用法还要掌握it作形式主语、形式宾语以及在强调句中的用法。

3.五年高考课标全国卷在语篇型填空、短文改错中对于冠词的考查集中在:

(1)冠词的基本用法,即冠词可以表示泛指、特指的用法

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．;

(2)冠词的习惯用法

．．．．．．．。如:2018课标全国Ⅲ语篇型填空考查了at the top of one’s lungs这一习语;2015

课标全国Ⅱ及2014课标全国Ⅰ语篇型填空都考查了形容词最高级前加the的用法。

4.对于冠词、代词的考查仍然会成为高考语篇型填空、短文改错的重点。在有些语篇型填空中,对冠词的考查往往不给出提示词。

5.对于名词的考查,尤其是对名词的“数”及名词构词法的考查仍会成为以后高考的热点。

破考点

【考点集训】

考点一名词

题组一名词的基本用法

Ⅰ.单句填空

1.(2019届河北深州中学三次月考,67) Now, nearly 500 acres of sand is being turned into farms producing corn, (tomato) and sunflowers.

答案tomatoes

2.(2019届浙江稽阳联考,59)Calligraphy has influenced the world widely and has even been introduced to many neighboring (country).

答案countries

3.(2018东北三省三校一模,68)Another survey has found that the entire wall with all of its (branch) measures 21,196 km.

答案branches

4.(2018陕西榆林一模,64)These certain (member) of the upper class began to change the way Christmas was celebrated in America.

答案members

5.A few dollars can help to fill a (child)hungry stomach.

答案child’s

Ⅱ.单句改错

6. He usually goes to see his parents on Saturday’s evening.

答案Saturday’s→Saturday

7.(2018黑龙江哈三中一模)Some of us also made a public speech to tell people some knowledges about protecting the environment.

答案knowledges→knowledge

题组二名词构词法

1.(2019届吉林省实验中学三次月考,61)I was traveling in a small place in New York. That place had no taxi for a short (distant).

答案distance

2.(2019届浙江稽阳联考,62)Once the brush movement hesitates, a black mark is created, so speed, (strong) and agility (敏捷) is the essence of fine artwork.

答案strength

3.(2018东北三省三校一模,64)Apart from defense, other purposes of the Great Wall have included border control, the (encourage) of trade and the control of immigration.

答案encouragement

4.(2018陕西宝鸡质检,64)In 1962, Rachel Carson’s best-selling book “Silent Spring” created an (aware) of the dangerous effects of pesticides(农药).

答案awareness

5.(2018内蒙古包头一模,44)Senior experts from UNESCO were amazed at its unique natural scenery, near perfect ecosystem, and creative (combine) of nature and humanism.

答案combination

6.(2017辽宁沈阳东北育才学校二模,62)I want to see the people whose (kind) and company have made my life worth living.

答案kindness

7.(2017辽宁抚顺重点高中协作校一模,68)Instead of letting circumstances control and defeat you, use them to push you into (act) so that you can change your present situation.

答案action

考点二代词

Ⅰ.单句填空

1.(2019届黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中一次月考,68)More and more people are willing to shop online to get what they want, and I am one of (they).

答案them

2.(2019届河北大名一中9月月考,68)When you come to Zhangjiajie, you can fully appreciate (it) magnificent natural scenery and experience appealing folk custom as well as other thrilling tourist activities.

答案its

3.(2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模,69)In a Weibo post, he thanked netizens for (they) love and praise. 答案their

4.(2018吉林长春一模,64)In his letter, Jin introduced (he) and Yiwu.

答案himself

5.(2018甘肃天水一中一模,50)We can overcome the problems that challenge us or we can enjoy (we)by avoiding all difficulties.

答案ourselves

Ⅱ.单句改错

6.(2018陕西宝鸡质检)People always complain about our worries, and a good listener should listen to them and learn to comfort them.

答案our→their

7.(2018甘肃兰州二模)I think this necessary for us teenagers to learn how to respect and take care of the others, especially the old.

答案this→it

8.But even if every large city purified and reused it’s water, we still would not have enough

water.

答案it’s→its

考点三冠词

题组一冠词的基本用法

Ⅰ.单句填空

1. (2019届江西红色七校一联,62)Every movement in Tai Chi represents important part of old Chinese philosophy—harmony.

答案an

2.(2018内蒙古包头一模,45)It has area of 9,653 square kilometers, and an average rainfall of 1,200—1,600 mm.

答案an

3.(2018宁夏银川一中一模,66)Three became political leaders;three became doctors;the most famous graduate became university teacher and was responsible for the introduction of modern teaching methods in his country.

答案 a

4.(2017新疆乌鲁木齐二诊,69)The past cannot be changed. present is still in your power.

答案The

Ⅱ.单句改错

5.(2018东北三省三校一模)The last thing was to go on helicopter ride.

答案on后加a

6.(2018宁夏银川一中一模)Since then, my parents have seldom come into my room and I have had a privacy completely.

答案删除a

题组二冠词的习惯用法

Ⅰ.单句填空

1.(2019届吉林长春市实验中学第三次月考,69)In countryside in Hebei Province, people would fetch water from a well at dawn.

答案the

2.(2019届陕西渭南中学第三次质量检测,45)All of sudden, a student rushed in and pushed her aside.

答案 a

3.The sound of the car died away in distance.

答案the

4.Eating chocolate once in while makes it easier for you to resist eating it all the time.

答案 a

Ⅱ.单句改错

5.He turned a scientist at the age of 25.

答案去掉a

6.(2018甘肃天水一中二模)Lastly, you should remember to take some food for the lunch because we’ll stay there and chat with them at noon.

答案删除the

7.In the word, it is high time we treasured our own valuable culture.

答案the→a

过专题

【五年高考】

考点一名词

1.(2018天津,6)The (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.

答案possibility

2.(2018江苏,32)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the (assume) you’ve made.

答案assumption

3.(2017江苏,34)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative (explain) are hard to find.

答案explanations

4.(2016浙江,4 )It is important to pay your (electric)bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.

答案electricity

5.(2016江苏,24)—Can you tell us your recipe for (happy) and a long life?

—Living every day to the full, definitely.

答案happiness

6.(2015江苏,32)Some schools will have to make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.

答案adjustments/adjustment

7.(2015江苏,35)—Go and say sorry to your mom,Dave.

—I’d like to,but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my (apologize).

答案apology/apologies

8.(2015浙江,15)One of the most effective ways to reduce (stressful)is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.

答案stress

9.(2015安徽,30)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some (think)and then let me know.

答案thought

10.(2014安徽,29)—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don’t have enough money for a new one? —That’s a good (suggest).

答案suggestion

考点二代词

1.(2017天津,11) was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors. 答案It

2.(2016浙江,3)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from in the UK. 答案that

3.(2015天津,2)The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools. 答案that

4.(2015浙江,12)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?

答案it

5.(2015重庆,2)The meeting will be held in September,but knows the date for sure.

答案nobody

6.(2015陕西,13)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against

the .

答案other

7.(2015四川,10)Niki is always full of ideas,but is useful to my knowledge.

答案none

8.(2014大纲全国,25)—Who’s that at the door?

—is the milkman.

答案It

9.(2014山东,4)Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.

答案it

10.(2014重庆,1)A smile costs ,but gives much.

答案nothing/little

考点三冠词

1.(2016浙江,2) prize for the winner of the competition is two-week holiday in Paris.

答案The; a

2.(2015浙江,2)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write a children’s book for many years,but one thing or another always got in way.

答案the

3.(2015重庆,3)I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask.

答案the;a

4.(2015四川,5)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.

答案 a

5.(2014天津,8)Life is like ocean:Only the strong-willed can reach the other shore.

答案an

6.(2014重庆,6)I can’t tell you way to the Wilsons’ because we don’t have Wilson here in the village.

答案the;a

7.(2014浙江,2)The paper is due next month,and I am working seven days week,often long into night.

答案a;the

【三年模拟】

时间:40分钟分值:75分

A组2017—2019年模拟·基础题组

考点一名词

1.(2019届河北衡水中学二调,61)China’s industrial output is expected to rise by around 6.5 percent this year, marking the best (perform) since 2010.

答案performance

2.(2019届河北武邑中学二次调研,62)Mainland China provides lots of (opportunity).

答案opportunities

3.(2019届宁夏六盘山高级中学一次月考, 61)A commonly used greeting in China is the question, “Have you eaten?” It indicates the (important) of food in China.

答案importance

4.(2019届江西红色七校一联,67)Tai Chi provides the mental (relax) and physical fitness.

答案relaxation

5.(2019届云南玉溪一中二次调研,68)Nushu has significance in various (field)and represents Chinese people’s strong spirit.

答案fields

6.(2018浙江温州普通高中高考适应性测试,62)He decided to put his plan into (act)—building a garden.

答案action

7.(2018江西红色七校一联,64)To the citizens in Hangzhou, the best part of it is that it will give us the chance to watch world-class matches and (compete)close to home.

答案competitions

8.(2018河南中原名校二次质量考评,69)Drinking green tea is an especially effective way of getting rid of the bacteria on your (tooth) and keeping them healthy.

答案teeth

9.(2017河南豫南九校质量考评Ⅴ,63)Deep worry began to destroy my (confident).

答案confidence

10.(2017河北唐山一次调研,67)Hearing of Al’s death, I thought, “What a complete (fail)!”

答案failure

考点二代词

1.(2019届吉林长春市实验中学三次月考,63)On this day, dragons, a prominent totem (图腾) in Chinese culture raise (they) heads with the sound of thunder.

答案their

2.(2019届浙江稽阳联考,63)When writing, many calligraphers will forget all worries and even (they), combining all thoughts in the beauty of their art.

答案themselves

3.(2019届福建莆田九中二次月考,62) However, while is fun to keep up with the latest news, we may actually be putting ourselves in danger.

答案it

4.(2019届四川成都经济技术开发区实验中学9月月考,70)Some birds even mistakenly feed (they) babies waste instead of food.

答案their

5.(2019届甘肃张掖二中8月月考,47)People pick up the bikes and then ride and drop off anywhere they like, locking the back wheel, with no need to find a fixed place.

答案them

6.(2018江西红色七校一联,69)In the next few years, Hangzhou will try its best to prepare (it)for the big show.

答案itself

7.(2018内蒙古阿拉善左旗高级中学一次月考,64) is found that an average of 28 million metric tons of Saharan dust falls in South America’s Amazon Basin each year.

答案It

8.(2018河南中原名校二次质量考评,62)The Chinese have known about the benefits of green tea since ancient times, and they use to treat everything from headaches to depression.

答案it

9.(2017湖北襄阳一次调研,67)In the deaf culture of North America, many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving in the air.

答案them

10.(2017山东师大附中二模,66) At that moment an attractive young lady who noticed my book came up to me and introduced (her).

答案herself

考点三冠词

1.(2019届河北衡水中学二调,66)The Made in China 2025 strategy promoted the combination of manufacturing and new technologies such as Internet, big data and cloud computing, Mina added. 答案the

2.(2019届内蒙古赤峰二中二次月考,42)It was the invention of afternoon tea that turned tea-drinking into popular pastime.

答案 a

3.(2019届甘肃张掖二中8月月考,50)Shared bikes could solve the ‘last mile’ problem in environmentally friendly way.

答案an

4.(2019届湖北黄冈9月质量检测,68)Confucius was extraordinary educator and philosopher, and founded Confucianism.

答案an

5.(2018江西红色七校一联,70) splendid Hangzhou is waiting to see you in 2022.

答案 A

6.(2018河北唐山五校月考,64)As the saying goes,“All work and no play makes Jack dull boy.”

答案 a

7.(2018四川雅安中学一次月考,63)When Rose was two, her grandpa started taking notes every time they spent time together. He kept habit until she was five, filling up three notebooks over the three years.

答案the

8.(2017江西赣中南五校一模,62) World Wide Web is quickly becoming the world’s most popular matchmaker(媒人).

答案The

9.(2017河南八市重点高中质检,62)Now we know that they have same features that can also be found in sharks around Australia and the South Sea.

答案the

B组2017—2019年模拟·提升题组

1.(2019届四川绵阳南山中学一诊)After that we’ll have some funs together, singing, dancing and playing games.

答案funs→fun

2.(2019届陕西榆林一次联考)My mother is sixty-five year old, who devotes herself to the whole family and us three daughters.

答案year→years

3.(2019届安徽黄山一中二次月考)In a course of the climb, we cooperated with each other to pass the rocky and steep areas.

答案a→the

4.(2019届广东惠州二次调研)It was first time that he had been to China and he enjoyed his stay

here.

答案first前加the

5.(2019届甘肃敦煌中学一次诊断)I rushed out and it was my mother, who was already in the fifties, that brought me lunch, in spite of the heavy rain.

答案第一个the→her

6.(2019届甘肃敦煌中学一次诊断)In China, many parents make great sacrifice for our children. But what had the children done in return?

答案our→their

7.(2019届甘肃敦煌中学一次诊断)Parents have gained some life experience and they know how to act in different situations. That’s why we should ask them for help first when they have

problems.

答案when后的they→we

8.(2019届甘肃静宁一中一次模拟) We could go wherever we like in one minute by spaceship, which would be much faster than a train or an airplane. We would eat whatever you like without being concerned about unhealthy ingredients.

答案you→we

9.(2018河南豫南九校二次联考)At same time, I will ask my friends and parents to help me.

答案At后加the

10.(2018四川双流中学月考)As you travel, you will see beautiful sceneries and you can meet and make friends with people of different colors and races.

答案sceneries→scenery

11.(2018吉林百校联盟联考)I managed to calm them down and said we should all put us in others’shoes.

答案us→ourselves

12.(2018湖南永州一次模拟)They take the attitude that large crowds of tourist to the zoo will give rise to traffic jams.

答案tourist→tourists

13.(2018山西长治二中等五校摸底)It’s nice feeling to know you have helped to save those people’s lives.

答案nice前加a

14.(2017东北三省四市联考Ⅰ)He said he painted for a pleasure.

答案去掉a

15.(2017湖北荆门调研) Miss Ding was a very kind women teacher.

答案women→woman

16.(2017河南毕业班适应性考试) A man immediately rushed to the girl to give him first aid.

答案him→her

C组2017—2019年模拟·综合题组

Passage1(用所给词的适当形式填空)

It was late at night. Two 1 (German) were sleeping in their room when one of them, Mrs. Green, was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his 2 (lucky). She had three thousand 3 (dollar) in her pocket.“What should I do? Many 4 (thief) usually bring 5 (knife) with them,” she thought in 6 (silent).And at the same time the thief happened to touch a sports suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room, so he went out to the next room where two 7 (Frenchman) were sleeping. When he was looking for 8 (money) or some 9 (jewel) in the next room, Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the police. And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so scared that he took out a knife. Just then the police showed up. Before the thief ran away, the police caught him. For Mrs. Green, it was really an unusual 10 (experienced).

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

答案

1.Germans

2.luck

3.dollars

4.thieves

5.knives

6.silence

7.Frenchmen

8.money

9.jewels/jewelry

10.experience

Passage2(冠词填空)

When I walked down Third Avenue, as 1 rule, I used to look into the windows of 2 old shop that sold old and beautiful things. Since I often took my walk after the closing time, I cupped my hands against 3 windows to get 4 small look at the treasures inside.

Some things looked as if they had not been noticed for 5 long time, but I knew their beauty was still there beneath their own surface. I even thought they were 6 most beautiful that I had ever seen. That was how I felt about 7 old, too. I knew their value, and it hurt me when others missed it. I was raised by my grandmother and given 8 deep sense of the value of experience. Taught to behave well, my sister and I respected other people, regardless of their age or color. My grandmother was loved by all 9 people around her. She was known to be 10 wise and kind woman, who was able to do things well even in her last years.

Old people should be treated as fine gold. They may be gradually tarnished(失去光泽) by age, but they can be polished with respect. You might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

答案

1.a

2.an

3.the

4.a

5.a

6.the

7.the

8.a

9.the

10.a

Passage3(代词填空)

“Without the ball, I’m half complete of 1 (I),”Luis Figo, one of the world’s greatest football players once said.

Luis Figo played his first international match in 1991 at the age of 18 and has kept scoring ever since.

He reached a new mark on February 18 by playing 2 hundredth match for his national team in a friendly match against England. A crowd of more than 30,000 fans watched and cheered for 3 in Lisbon.“Figo, Figo,”they 4 shouted excitedly when he walked onto the field.

The Real Madrid player, 5 was 31,wanted to help his country in Euro 2004 and to win another Spanish Cup with Real Madrid.Madrid bought Figo from FC Barcelona for 82.4 million dollars in 2000,and he showed everyone what a great player 6 was by winning FIFA’s world footballer of the year award in 2001.

“Figo works like an artist and has the skills to be the most complete player,” said FIFA President Joseph Blatter in 2001.“Figo 7 (he) is a real leader who always tries 8 (he) best on the field and to be a good team player.He doesn’t have any problems working together with his teammate at Real Madrid,star footballer David Beckham.”In fact,Figo was the first 9 to welcome Beckham when he arrived.“We have a strong team,and we can help one 10 and work together to be successful,”Figo said.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

答案

1.myself

2.his

3.him

4.all

5.who

6.he

7.himself

8.his

9.one

10.another