专题一名词、代词、冠词 高考英语(课标版)复习专题

第一部分语法知识专题一名词、代词、冠词

挖命题

【考情探究】

考点

年

份

题型

考点统计

课标全国Ⅰ课标全国Ⅱ课标全国Ⅲ2018201720162015201420182017201620152014201820172016

名词语篇型

填空

causes

(cause)

effects

(effect)

attrac-

tion

(attract)

days

(day)

paintings

(painting)

changes

(change)

pollution

(pollute)

crowds

(crowd)

introdu-

ction

(introd-

uce)

achieve-

ment

(achieve)

studies

(study)

ability

(able)

scientist

(science)

education

(educate)

invitation

s

(invita-

tion)

develop

-

ment

(develo

p)

短文

改错

chicken

→

chickens

word

→

words

honest

→

honesty

airs

→

air

year

→

years

Friday’s

→

Friday

sort→

sorts

informa-

tions→

informa-

tion

knowle-

dges→

knowle-

dge

parent→

parents

hour→

hours

mistake

→

mistakes

year→

years

代词语篇型

填空

it its(it)its(it)it

me或

mine(I)

them

(they)

短文

改错

another

→

other

加my

our→

his

your→

our

much→

many

us→me

all→

both或

删除all

your→ our

how→

what

many→

much

加his

myself→

my

加this

your→

my

yourself

→

myself

加I

冠词语篇型

填空

(as)

a

(result)

the

(other)

the

(most

outstan-

ding)

(over)the

(past 25

years)

(over)

the

(top)

(for) a

(while)

the

(most

modern)

(at)the

(top of

her

lungs)

a

短文

改错

加the加the the→ a

加the

your→

the

加a

the→

a

a→ an

/one

加the a→ the去掉the

myself

→

the

加the去掉the

分析解读 1.五年高考课标全国卷在语篇型填空、短文改错中对于名词的考查集中在:

(1)名词的基本用法

1)名词的“数”。要求学生具备以下能力:

①在语境中识别哪些是可数名词

．．．．．．．．．．．．．,．哪些是不可数名词的能力

．．．．．．．．．．．;

②在语境中识别哪些名词需用复数形式的能力

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．;

③掌握名词变复数规则的能力。

2)名词的“格”。要求考生掌握:

①名词所有格的基本构成(‘s,of及双重所有格)及其用法;

②判断哪些情况用名词直接作定语,哪些情况用名词所有格作定语。

(2)名词构词法。要求考生具备以下能力:

①根据句子结构判断设空处是否应该用名词形式的能力;

②掌握名词构词法知识的能力

．．．．．．．．．．．．。

2.五年高考课标全国卷在语篇型填空、短文改错中对于代词的考查集中在:

(1)人称代词、物主代词及反身代词。要求考生具备根据句子结构判断设空处的句法功能的能力

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．,即根据语境判断设空处填人称代词的主格或宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词或反身代词。

(2)不定代词

．．．．。要求考生掌握易混不定代词的用法,如:one, another, the other, some, others, the others 的用法辨析、both,all, either, any, neither, none的用法辨析、many, much, few, little, a few, a little的用法辨析等。

(3)it．．的用法

．．．。要求考生不仅掌握it,its作人称代词、物主代词的基本用法还要掌握it作形式主语、形式宾语以及在强调句中的用法。

3.五年高考课标全国卷在语篇型填空、短文改错中对于冠词的考查集中在:

(1)冠词的基本用法,即冠词可以表示泛指、特指的用法

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．;

(2)冠词的习惯用法

．．．．．．．。如:2018课标全国Ⅲ语篇型填空考查了at the top of one’s lungs这一习语;2015

课标全国Ⅱ及2014课标全国Ⅰ语篇型填空都考查了形容词最高级前加the的用法。

4.对于冠词、代词的考查仍然会成为高考语篇型填空、短文改错的重点。在有些语篇型填空中,对冠词的考查往往不给出提示词。

5.对于名词的考查,尤其是对名词的“数”及名词构词法的考查仍会成为以后高考的热点。

破考点

【考点集训】

考点一名词

题组一名词的基本用法

Ⅰ.单句填空

1.(2019届河北深州中学三次月考,67) Now, nearly 500 acres of sand is being turned into farms producing corn, (tomato) and sunflowers.

答案tomatoes

2.(2019届浙江稽阳联考,59)Calligraphy has influenced the world widely and has even been introduced to many neighboring (country).

答案countries

3.(2018东北三省三校一模,68)Another survey has found that the entire wall with all of its (branch) measures 21,196 km.

答案branches

4.(2018陕西榆林一模,64)These certain (member) of the upper class began to change the way Christmas was celebrated in America.

答案members

5.A few dollars can help to fill a (child)hungry stomach.

答案child’s

Ⅱ.单句改错

6. He usually goes to see his parents on Saturday’s evening.

答案Saturday’s→Saturday

7.(2018黑龙江哈三中一模)Some of us also made a public speech to tell people some knowledges about protecting the environment.

答案knowledges→knowledge

题组二名词构词法

1.(2019届吉林省实验中学三次月考,61)I was traveling in a small place in New York. That place had no taxi for a short (distant).

答案distance

2.(2019届浙江稽阳联考,62)Once the brush movement hesitates, a black mark is created, so speed, (strong) and agility (敏捷) is the essence of fine artwork.

答案strength