上海高考英语选词填空练习
高考英语一模选词填空
上海高考英语题型训练：选词填空Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.There’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world wher e ____31____ is given for people’s accomplishments, failing feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to success. Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is____32____ not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something – say painting or speaking foreign languages –but this ability can be improved through ___33___ practice or training.It’s almost impossible to think rationally(理性地) while shouting at yourself, “I’m a failure”. But when you ___34___ your thinking, you will probably see what you can control – your behavior, your planning, your reactions – and change them.The primary ___35___ between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look.Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it – a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win ___36___, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to ___37___. So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to ___38___ your objectives and how much you want them.There is a way to distinguish whether a failure ___39___ you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too mu ch time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy, you should give a second thought to the ___40___ of your goal and even set a new one. 31-40 DEAHB FCIJGenvy-as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topaoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of ___33___ a Kilometer, was used to de determine the size of thefloods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a Shauf was used to raise water from the river--___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n)___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts（囊肿）. Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition （迷信）. And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War Ⅱ. The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.31-40 G J A B D C E I H FUnit 3.Dogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the 31is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was found to be the most32 used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogsare aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites 33 and affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be 34 that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attentionstate of their audience and are not just a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food 35 did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear t o support evidence dogs are 36 to humans’ attention and that expressions are 37 active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.” The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a meter awayfrom a person, and the dogs’ faces were 38 throughout a range of exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distractedand with her body turned away from the dog.They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they 39 facial expressions. Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved asthey were 40 . “Domestic dogs have a unique history –they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seemto have acted on dogs’ ability to communicate with us, ”she said.31-40 HDFKE GABCICanada, February 2017: I stood in the snow on a frozen lake, watching as the sky twisted in front of me. Green bands of light______31_____ out in the darkness. Slowly the colors twisted and broke and reappeared elsewhere until, suddenly, a whole band flowed and pulsed across the sky,____32_____ with delicate yellow, pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm, yet calm. Gentle, yet_____33_____. Most of all, it was a gift.This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had seen fast movement and bright colours. The calm, green aurora displays that many people see are driven bya(n)_____34____stream of particles(微粒) from the sun, called the solar wind. But when the sun throws us extra hot, fat particles, this process goes into overdrive—we get much more movement and colour. It is glorious! Aurora-spotters long for it.But for some, the wild movements of the heavens can have serious _____35___. Satellites’ electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particles,____36____ industries that rely on them. Flights may need to change course to avoid radio___37____ around the poles, or to protect aircrew from enhanced radiation exposure. During a solar storm, aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit over a single flight.Stormy space weather affects us on the ground, too. A large solar storm in 1989 caused a 10-hour electrical blackout over Canada’s Quebec Province, costing the economy a(n)___38____C$10 billion. Disturbance of the atmosphere causes problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017, a huge solar flame____39____ just as Hurricane Iran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio blackout help up the emergency response. Meanwhile, beautiful aurora displays were seen in England. Place its beauty aside, then, and the auroral _____40______ is nothing other than a giant planetary disturbance, more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies. 31-40 JBAED KCFGIwhen the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _______ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through over sweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32)_______ this over heatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _______ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34)_______ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, (35) _______ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applyingcool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) (36) _______ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); a rapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _______. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38) _______ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or (39) _______ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40)_______. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F. 31-40 FHIAG JKEBCThey’re still kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group 31 , even from their Millennial (千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older bro thers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may seem slight, but they 32 the appearance of a new generation.The 33 between Millennial elders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has 34 the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically 35 life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, Myspace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguish themselves as a new generation, which he has given them the nickname of “ingeneration”.Rosen says portability is the key. They are 36 from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected—even in class, where cell phones are 37 banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “T hey should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens38 distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change 39 .“The growth on the use of technology with children is very rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think. We have to give them options because they want their world40 ,” Rosen31-40 JEHAG KIBFCUnit 7,used to treat burns. Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all are designed to ___31___ at least some of the skin’s basic functions, which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat.Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which serves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin___32___ and maintain its biological functions.Artificial skins close wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can ___33___. For example, one commonly used artificial skin, Integra, functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen（胶原质）___34___. The Integra “dermis” is also biodegradable（可生物降解的）. It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.Aside from its uses in the clinical ___35___, artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research. For example, artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing. Such testing may cause ___36___ pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not ___37___ predict the response of human skin. Some companies like L’ Ordeal have already used artificial skin to test many ___38___ ingredients and products. Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin.Today new technology has been developed by growing ___39___ of skin taken from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns. Such cells often do not stimulate the body’s immune system-a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mother’s body-and hence are much less likely to be ___40___ by the patient’s body.31-40 FCEAI KJGBDIt is said that there’s no such thing as a free lunch, but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal, it will not taste as good as a more expensive meal, according to scientists. A new study has found that restaurant __31__ who pay more for their meals think the food is tastier than if it is offered for a smaller price. The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their __32__ of how food tastes.Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet(自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the __33__ at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were asked to __34__ how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names. The experiment __35__ that the people who paid $8 for the food enjoyed their me al 11 percent more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they __36__. However, the scientists said that both groupsate around the same quantity of food in total, according to the study __37__ at the Experimental Biology meeting this week. Brian Wans ink, a professor of __38__ behavior at the university, said: “We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats, but a huge impact on how you __39__ the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals.In a(n)__40__ study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories(卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit areas. 31-40 IEDCJ AGKHFNew Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions（育儿干预）for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children. There is a dominant view among scientists and policy-makers. They believes, for the greatest effect, interventions need to be __31__ early in life, when children’s brain function and behavior are thought to be more flexible. However, accord ing to the new research, it’s time to stop focusing on when we intervene with parenting, and just continue helping children in need of all ages.Just published in Child Development, the study is one of the first to __32__ this age assumption. Parenting interventions are a common and effective tool for reducing child behavior problems, but studies of age effects have produced different results until now.A team led by Professor Frances Fader __33__ data from over 15,000 families from all over the world, and found no evidence that earlier is better. Older children benefited just as much as younger ones from parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems. There was no evidence that earlier interventions are more powerful. This was based on __34__ data from more than 150 different experiments.What’s more, their economic analysis found that interventions with older children were __35__ more likely to be cost-effective.Professor Gardner commented: “When there is __36__ about behavioral difficulties in younger children, our findings should never be used as a reason to delay intervention, otherwise, children and families will suffer for longer.” She continued, “As for __37__ parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems in childhood, we shoul d stick to the principle, ‘it’s never too early, never too late’, rather than ‘earlier is better’.”The study draws the conclusion that it makes sense to invest in parenting interventions for children at all ages with behavioral difficulties, because they are no more likely to be __38__ in younger than older children, at least in thepre-adolescents. Of course, there’s more work to be done. The experiments conducted were __39__ to pre-adolescents, to shorter-term effects, andparent-reported assessment of child outcomes. Future studies are needed that focus on adolescents, longer-term outcomes, and using multiple sources for __40__ child behavior problems.31-40 FKBAG CHEIJ。
（完整）上海高考英语选词填空练习
When Michelle Obama became first lady of the United States on January 20, she began to join her husband in a partnership to transform the public face America presents to the world. In the process, she is expected to ___41____ a new role that offers exciting opportunities and challenges.Although the position of first lady is unelected and unpaid, a president’s spouse has many official duties, some practicaland some ceremonial or ___42____. As first lady, Michelle Obama will ___43___ her country when traveling overseas, and she will preside(担任) as hostess at White House state dinners and other important functions. In addition, she will ___44___ continue meeting with citizens across the United States, much as she did during the 2008 presidential campaign.Modern U.S. first ladies often devote part of their time to a public-service agenda of their own choosing. Michelle Obama already has indicated she is ___45___ interested in the ___46___ of military families, and her efforts on their behalf almost certainly will ensure that those families’ needs receive high -level attention.On a more ___47___ level, the first lady has told reporters she intends to ___48___her obligations as“mom -in-chief ” tothe Obamas ’ two young daughters, Malia and Sasha, as the girls adjust to their new home at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. Her balancing act should be familiar to working mothers everywhere as she strives to meets the ___49___ of a fast-paced job while carving out time with her husband and children.41-49 B J F G D H E A CForeigners often fail to appreciate the formal code of greeting in France. The French shake hands with everyone(family, children, strangers), at home, on the way to work, at work, on leaving work, on the way home from work, etc. Thus, in an office , perhaps a dozen people, nowork will be done for the first halfhour while41 who have not met since the daybefore, remind each other who they are.However, it is important to remember with whom one has shaken hands on any one day. The French 42 it asextremely bad manners to shake hands twice, as though one had not taken enough43for the first time.It is still the44to say “Bonjour ”and “Au revoir ”to others when entering or leaving a shop or bar. This is notbecause the French are too45 . It is because they see acknowledging(注意) the existence of others as a way of46 being rude. This may seem unbearably slight to others, but to the French it is most important. Manners mean civilization tothem.Kissing is not so much of a(n) 47of French life as others supposed. But when it does take place, it must be done48 , according to the rules. The49 order is left cheek, right cheek, left cheek---very formal, very stylized. In Paris fourkisses are sometimes permitted: left, right, left, right. 41．BC 42．B 43．BD44．AB45．CD46．A47．AD48．D 49．CA. majorB. determinedC. promotionD. prosperousE. stressedF. surprisinglyG. impressedH. questionsI. cooperationJ. increasinglyBarack Obama has been a hit in China. Apart from holding talks with Chinese leaders,the president ___41___ the Chinese with a lively question-and-answer session with college students. In fact, he is the first U.S. president to visit China inside his first year in office.“The United States insists we do not seek to contain China ’s rise,” he told Chinese students in Shanghai. “On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and ___42___ and successful member of the community of nations.”The U.S.-China relationship has opened the door to partnerships on ___43 ___ global concerns including economic recovery, clean energy, climate change, and the ___44___ of peace and beyond, he added.Indeed, given these pressing issues, China and the United States have ___45___ found their future linked together. They discovered that the largest developing nation and the most powerful industrialized country have to work in concert.A. fulfillB. assume C . demands D. particularlyE. personalF. representG. possiblyH. welfareI. presenceJ. symbolicA ．avoidingB ．regardC ．correctD ．properly AB ．customAC ．anyone AD ．feature BC ．those BD. notic CD ．politeObama’s visit to China on November 15-18 highlighted the complexity of arguably the most important bilateral (双边) relationship in the world. Moreover, for all their differences and disagreements, Beijing and Washington are ___46___ to manage their relations in a way that will contribute to world peace and development.Obama kicked off his first state visit to China in the country’s financial and economic centre, Shanghai, where he held a“town hall”meeting with more than 500 Chinese students. The one-hour discussion, during which Obama took ___47___ ranging from antiterrorism to recipes for success with his signature charisma (领袖魅力), was broadcast live on the websites.He ___48___ that young people could help build bridges in U.S.-China ___49___ — a process that he said must grow beyond the two countries’ governments to take root in the people.41—45 GDACJ 46—49 BHEIA. equallyB. recycleC. portionD. dissolveE. threatenF. countlessG. capableH. convenientI. approximatelyJ. comfortsThe pollution of the earth’s soil and water has become an issue of great concern. Until recently, most of that concern has focused on the land 41 of the planet, where pollution directly affects people in their daily lives. Now, however, we havebegun to realize that marine (海洋的) pollution is 42 important. According to S.A. Patin, marine pollution is the condition that results when people introduce into the seas substances harmful to life, health, resources, activities, or 43 .Marine pollution is far from new. For over a million years, people have thought of the sea as a 44 place to throwtheir garbage. And it is true that the sea has a great capacity for absorbing organic wastes. Some of these wastes are eaten directly by the larger fishes. Others quickly 45 into a kind of organic soup that provides food to 46 species of single-celled plant and animal life.As civilizations grew, more different pollutants were dumped into the seas. Still, this pollution did not really threaten themarine environment. The seas seemed 47 of coping with anything that people could throw at them. This situation changed, however, when suddenly factories began dumping enormous quantities of materials into the seas. Especially in somecoastal areas near large cities, ocean pollution began to 48 marine life. For the first time, the oceans began to fail in theirability to 49 humanity’s waste.Section B41. C 42. A 43. J 44. H 45. D 46. F 47. G 48. E 49. BA. influenceB. devotedC. physicallyD. circumstanceE. affectedF. overallG. financiallyH. decisionI. positiveJ. striveHappiness, according to the Oxford English dictionary, is based on luck or good fortune. Joy on the other hand, is described as a vivid emotion of pleasure. Thus, happiness depends on __41__; joy, on our emotional well-being.If you know joyful people, you will probably notice common traits among them. Joyful people are often healthy,-- suddenboth __42__ and mentally; they value strong __43__ relationships, and they don’t allow the extremes of lifehighs or sudden lows -- to __44__ them too much. Joyful people lead a more stable life. But these abilities do not justarrive; they have to be worked at.Teaching ourselves to be joyful may be one of the greatest things we can do to enhance our __45__ health. However, it is important to understand that joy is an emotion that arises from within us and is not __46__ by the thingsthat happen to us. Instead of looking for external things to provide happiness in our lives, we must __47__ to find the joywithin. We must educate ourselves about joy and work to enhance it in our lives. One way to start is to make a __48__ towake up every morning and find joy in our lives. Think about a special person or a __49__ pet. It is our choice to be-- our lives will be both happier and healthier for it.joyful or fearful. Let’s take the time to train ourselves to be joyfulVocabulary 41-49 D C I A F E J H BA. handsB. qualitiesC. downD. curiosityE. prettyF. looksG. ashamedH. appliedI. ruinedJ. informationWhen I succeeded in becoming a part-time employee of Nokia China last summer, many friends asked me how I survivedthe interview.I once asked myself the same questions. Many of my peers also __41__ for the job, including some very competitive andintelligent students from famous universities.But why did the interviewer pick me instead of them?Finally, __42 __ pushed me to ask the interviewers after we became colleagues. The answer was that I appeared confident but humble, responsible and communicative. They evaluated people not just on their academic certificates, but on the base oftheir __43__ and abilities. I happened to be the right person.To be frank, I once felt __44__ of being a student from an unknown college, and I think this may apply to some of you. I thought my future was ruined. It was only at the time of my successful interview that I finally understood the famous saying --- “You decide where you go.”A wide range of skills is important these days. I used to work for Master Kong. My job was to cook instant noodles for customers. I had regarded it as a piece of cake, but I failed constantly. I had to cook the noodles for the right amount of time to make them taste good. Moreover, the noodles could only remain in a plastic cup of five minutes, or the taste would be __45__.This experience taught me never to look __46__ on anything, and always remain humble.I also worked as a volunteer for a beach volleyball event. My job was to help foreign visitors experience the beach. I thought it would be very easy because my oral English was __47__ good. But when I went to talk with a group of foreign guests, I suddenly realized that I did not know a single beach volleyball term. I was embarrassed.After this, I read brochures in both Chinese and English every day to learn the terms for facilities and related words. This allowed me to deliver accurate __48__ to foreigners, and I was happy to work responsibly.After these experience, I’m more confident and I strongly believe that my fate is in my __49__. It has certainly helped me make a giant step closer to my dream of graduating with prospects for the future. I hope my advice will benefit you as well.41-45 HDBGI 46-49 CEJA。
最新上海高考英语选词填空专项练习资料
Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Beyond two or three days, the world’s best weather forecasts are based on guesswork, and beyond six or seven they are worthless.The Butterfly Effect is the reason. For small pieces of weather — and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and snowstorms—any ___41___ fails rapidly. Errors and uncertainties ___42___, gathering upward through a chain of unstable features, from dust devils (尘旋风) and windstorms up to continent-size eddies (旋风) ___43___ satellites can see.The modern weather models work with a network of points of the order of sixty miles apart, and even so, some ___44___ data has to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at one-foot ___45___ all the way to the top of the atmosphere. Suppose every sensor gives perfectly ___46___ readings of temperature, pressure, dampness, and any other quantity a meteorologist (气象工作者) would want. Exactly at noon a(n) ___47___ powerful computer takes all the data and ___48___ what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03 …The computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New Jersey, will have sun or rain on a day one month away. At noon the spaces between the sensors will ___49___ alterations that the computer will not know about, tiny variations from the ___50___. By 12.01, those alterations will already have created small errors one foot away. Soon the errors will have multiplied to the ten-foot scale, and so on up to the size of the globe.Keys:41-45 KJIGH 46-50 AFDECSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.R ain forests, found in Earth’s temperate and tropical (热带的) zones, are some of the most biologically varied ecosystems on the planet. All rain forests share certain ___41___ features, including a closed canopy, thedensevegetation of thetop branches that forms a roof above the forest floor, a damp and warm climate, and ___42___ constant temperatures throughout the year. Most of the forest’s insect and animal life grows well in the canopy’s leafy and sunlit environment. The forest’s groundcover, by comparison, is small. Less than 2 percent of the sun’s light makes its way through the canopy and the darkness below. This darkness, along with the poor quality of the soils, ___43___ plant growth.Rain forests are a(n) ___44___ part of Earth’s tot al ecology. Huge amounts of water are absorbed into tree roots and ___45___ into the atmosphere from the tree leaves through a process called transpiration(蒸发). Tree roots also fix the soil in place and slow the runoff of rains into rivers and oceans. Through the process of photosynthesis (光合作用), rain forests absorb more carbon dioxide and give off more oxygen than any other ecosystem.The rain forests are ___46___ shrinking at a rapid rate as a result of theprofitable ventures of farming, logging, and mining. When tropical rain forests are ___47___ in order to raise cattle and crops, the nutrient-poor soils are quickly ___48___. When farmers move on to new areas, heavy rains and baking sun leave the land fruitless and lifeless. Logging and mining cause similar damage to the land and destroy the territory of ___49___ millions of birds, insects and animals. By some ___50___, an area of tropical rain forest the size of the state of Delaware disappears in this way every month.Keys:41-45 F G K D J 46-50 I H B A ESection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.“In wilderness is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed 41 a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The 42 to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation brings to such landscapes is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform 43 that humans need—the rainforests,for example, store carbon in vast quantities.Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the 44 view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human 45 , or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for 46 . While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no 47 reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being 48 by the other participants. One opinion is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a 49 question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously 50 much more serious thinking.KEYS41. E 42. H 43. B 44. J 45. I 46. K 47. G 48. A 49. F 50. DSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A drop in the sun's radiation can cause cold winters in parts of North America and Europe, scientists say, a finding that could improve long-range forecasts and help countries ___41___ for storms.Scientists have known for a long time that the sun has an 11-year cycle during which radiation from the sun reaches a(n) ___42___ then falls. But detecting a clear link of the cycle to the weather has proved much ___43___ ."Our research notices a link between solar activities and regional winter climate," lead author Sarah Ineson of the UK Met Office told the reporters in an email.Her team focused on the data from the recent minimum solar radiation period during 2008-10, which was a(n) ___44___ calm period for the sun but at the same time, ___45___ winters in the U.S and Europe were recorded which brought troubles to many businesses and made people’s lives difficult.The researchers found that a reduction in radiation from the sun can affect wind patterns , ___46___ cold winters."While radiation levels won't tell us what the day-to-day weather will be, they provide the exciting ___47___of improved prediction for winter conditions for months and even years ahead. These predictions play an important role inlong-term weather planning," Ineson said.Ineson's team used the data in a complex computer to ___48___ long-term weather patterns. It successfully reproduced what scientists had observed happening in the upper atmosphere during changes in solar radiation. More study was needed, though. The key ___49___ in the experiment lay in the satellite data used, because it spans(跨度) only a few years. "So there are still questions concerning whether the current research results are accurate and whether they can be ___50___ to other solar cycles," she said.41-50 JAHGC DBKFISection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Not so far in the distant past a study on water pollution found that common, everyday makeup products being washed down the drain was ending up in well and drinking water. Now a study has found that people pollute themselves. Many of the pollutants are linked to cancer and other serious health 41 . What’s the key cause of this pollution? Common household items, 42 ，appear to be used more by women than men. These include makeup, hair spray and commercial, chemically-made perfumes. These are perfumes that are 43 advertised as having some sort of beneficial effect on the body and are even suggested as a replacement for natural essential oils. Studies on the effectiveness of fragrance oils and health benefits have been 44 , something neglected to be mentioned. If the chemical scent has cancer-causing properties, it may not make sense to try and use it for helping you sleep or 45 your blood pressure. Manufacturers argue that the risk is non-existent as the levels of chemicals found in the tests were so small. However, with over 60 chemicals being found, many of which were non-existent before the turn of the century, researchers make note that these chemicals may be enough to cause problems.Since the products mentioned are often used by women, it leaves one to wonder if conditions, 46 unheard of before the turn of the century, are linked to man-madechemicals? Perfumes in particular, when chemical, have been linked to asthma(哮喘) and other sensitive 47 . Some groups are asking the government to order manufacturers to place 48 labels on each bottle.Essential oils and real fragrance oils provide a wonderful 49 to commercial fragrances. They also have other properties and effects on the body which have been scientifically proven. In addition, you can actually formulate your own scent quite easily! There are many books on perfume 50 and the use of essential oils, some quite in-depth and others rather fun. Nowadays there are also many companies making perfumes from pure essential oils.Keys:41-45 BIFEA 46-50 DGCHK。
专题2.选词填空(-上海卷)2020-2021学年九年级英语
选词填空一Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once.(将下列单词或词组填入空格。
每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次)（共 8 分）Until the early twentieth century, it was always unsuccessful to transfuse blood(输血) from one person to another person. Then in 1901, Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian scientist, discovered that there are four typesof blood. These four blood types were named A, B, AB, and O. People have one of these four types. Bloodtype O is the most _____1_____ around the world because the number of the people with type O is thelargest, while type AB is the least. If people with type A blood are given type B blood, or people with typeB blood are given type A blood, they will ____2______ die. Karl Landsteiner’s research made it possibleto be sure that people who need blood get the correct type.The study of blood didn’t stop. In 1972, a Japanese doctor, Furukawa Takeji, _____3_____ another research about blood. And he came up with the idea that it was possible to tell one person’s______4____only by his blood type, which can help you know about the person quickly.For example, people with type A blood are usually serious. They always have a______5____ and careful attitude when they deal with many things; People with type B blood are cheerful, and outgoing; People withtype O blood are generous and honest; while those with type AB blood are often caring and helping. Theyare always willing to_____6_____ st year, a doctor in the United States wrote a book that links blood type s and what people eat.For example, his book gives some_____7_____, like people with type O blood should eat more meat andless bread. A diet for people with type A blood includes more vegetables. His book, Eat Right for Your Type, has been a hit with people who want to lose weight. What’s more, the book says eating food that ____8______a person’s blood type can not only help them lose weight but also make them healthier.二Complete the following passage with the word or phrases in box. Each can only be used once. （将下列单词或词组填入空格。
上海高考英语选词填空练习
A．avoiding B．regard C．correct D．properly AB．customAC．anyone AD．feature BC．those BD. notic CD．politeForeigners often fail to appreciate the formal code of greeting in France. The French shake hands with everyone(family, children, strangers), at home, on the way to work, at work, on leaving work, on the way home from work, etc. Thus, in an office , perhaps a dozen people, no work will be done for the first half hour while 41 who have not met since the day before, remind each other who they are.However, it is important to remember with whom one has shaken hands on any one day. The French 42 it as extremely bad manners to shake hands twice, as though one had not taken enough 43 for the first time.It is still the 44 to say “Bonjour” and “Au revoir” to others when entering or leaving a shop or bar. This is not because the French are too 45 . It is because they see acknowledging(注意) the existence of others as a way of 46 being rude. This may seem unbearably slight to others, but to the French it is most important. Manners mean civilization to them.Kissing is not so much of a(n) 47 of French life as others supposed. But when it does take place, it must be done 48 , according to the rules. The 49 order is left cheek, right cheek, left cheek---very formal, very stylized. In Paris four kisses are sometimes permitted: left,right, left, right.41．BC 42．B 43．BD 44．AB 45．CD 46．A 47．AD48．D 49．CBarack Obama has been a hit in China. Apart from holding talks with Chinese leaders, the president ___41___ the Chinese with a lively question-and-answer session with college students. In fact, he is the first U.S. president to visit China inside his first year in office.“The United States insists we do not seek to contain China’s rise,” he told Chinese students in Shanghai. “On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and ___42___ and successful member of the community of nations.”The U.S.-China relationship has opened the door to partnerships on ___43 ___ global concerns including economic recovery, clean energy, climate change, and the ___44___ of peace and beyond, he added.Indeed, given these pressing issues, China and the United States have ___45___ found their future linked together. They discovered that the largest developing nation and the most powerful industrialized country have to work in concert.Obama’s visit to China on November 15-18 highlighted the complexity of arguably the most important bilateral (双边) relationship in the world. Moreover, for all their differences and disagreements, Beijing and Washington are ___46___ to manage their relations in a way that will contribute to world peace and development.Obama kicked off his first state visit to China in the country’s financial and economic centre, Shanghai, where he held a “town hall”meeting with more than 500 Chinese students. The one-hour discussion, during which Obama took ___47___ ranging from antiterrorism to recipes for success with his signature charisma (领袖魅力), was broadcast live on the websites.He ___48___ that young people could help build bridges in U.S.-China ___49___ —a process that he said must grow beyond the two countries’ governments to take root in the people. 41—45 GDACJ 46—49 BHEIThe pollution of th e earth’s soil and water has become an issue of great concern. Until recently, most of that concern has focused on the land 41 of the planet, where pollution directly affects people in their daily lives. Now, however, we have begun to realize that marine (海洋的) pollution is 42 important. According to S.A. Patin, marine pollution is the condition that results when people introduce into the seas substances harmful to life, health, resources, activities, or 43 .Marine pollution is far from new. For over a million years, people have thought of the sea as a 44 place to throw their garbage. And it is true that the sea has a great capacity for absorbing organic wastes. Some of these wastes are eaten directly by the larger fishes. Others quickly 45 into a kind of organic soup that provides food to 46 species ofsingle-celled plant and animal life.As civilizations grew, more different pollutants were dumped into the seas. Still, this pollution did not really threaten the marine environment. The seas seemed 47 of coping with anything that people could throw at them. This situation changed, however, when suddenly factories began dumping enormous quantities of materials into the seas. Especially in some coastal areas near large cities, ocean pollution began to 48 marine life. For the first time, the oceans began to fail in their ability to 49 humanity’s waste.Section B41. C 42. A 43. J 44. H 45. D 46. F 47. G 48. E 49. Bon the other hand, is described as a vivid emotion of pleasure. Thus, happiness depends on __41__; joy, on our emotional well-being.If you know joyful people, you will probably notice common traits among them. Joyful people are often healthy, both __42__ and mentally; they value strong __43__ relationships, and t hey don’t allow the extremes of life -- sudden highs or sudden lows -- to __44__ them too much. Joyful people lead a more stable life. But these abilities do not just arrive; they have to be worked at.Teaching ourselves to be joyful may be one of the greatest things we can do to enhance our __45__ health. However, it is important to understand that joy is an emotion that arises from within us and is not __46__ by the things that happen to us. Instead of looking for external things to provide happiness in our lives, we must __47__ to find the joy within. We must educate ourselves about joy and work to enhance it in our lives. One way to start is to make a __48__ to wake up every morning and find joy in our lives. Think about a special person or a __49__ pet. It is our choice to be joyful or fearful. Let’s take the time to train ourselves to be joyful -- our lives will be both happier and healthier for it.V ocabulary 41-49 D C I A F E J H Bsummer, many friends asked me how I survived the interview.I once asked myself the same questions. Many of my peers also __41__ for the job, including some very competitive and intelligent students from famous universities.But why did the interviewer pick me instead of them?Finally, __42 __ pushed me to ask the interviewers after we became colleagues. The answer was that I appeared confident but humble, responsible and communicative. They evaluated people not just on their academic certificates, but on the base of their __43__ and abilities. I happened to be the right person.To be frank, I once felt __44__ of being a student from an unknown college, and I think this may apply to some of you. I thought my future was ruined. It was only at the time of my successful interview that I finally understood the famous saying --- “You decide where you go.”A wide range of skills is important these days. I used to work for Master Kong. My job was to cook instant noodles for customers. I had regarded it as a piece of cake, but I failed constantly. I had to cook the noodles for the right amount of time to make them taste good. Moreover, the noodles could only remain in a plastic cup of five minutes, or the taste would be __45__.This experience taught me never to look __46__ on anything, and always remain humble.I also worked as a volunteer for a beach volleyball event. My job was to help foreign visitors experience the beach. I thought it would be very easy because my oral English was __47__ good. But when I went to talk with a group of foreign guests, I suddenly realized that I did not know a single beach volleyball term. I was embarrassed.After this, I read brochures in both Chinese and English every day to learn the terms for facilities and related words. This allowed me to deliver accurate __48__ to foreigners, and I was happy to work responsibly.After these experience, I’m more confident and I strongly believe that my fate is in my __49__. It has certainly helped me make a giant step closer to my dream of graduating with prospects for the future. I hope my advice will benefit you as well.41-45 HDBGI 46-49 CEJA。
上海市2024届高三英语一模专题汇编：选词填空
A.invaluableB.roughlyC.satisfyingD.distractionE.simplyF.advantageG.reasonable H.performed I.schedule J.planned K.excellencePeople tend to think that productivity involves doing several things at once,but according to Cal Newport,the secret to success is the opposite of multitasking.Newport is the author of Deep Work,a book that describes the benefits of focusing on one thing and doing it with31.Newport defines deep work as"the ability to focus without32on a cognitively(认知地)demanding task."It's the opposite of shallow work,which is made up of simple tasks that are usually33while distracted.According to Newport,deep work is a(n)34skill in today's economy.It allows you to learn difficult things quickly and produce at a high level.Most people are distracted when they work,so you learn to work without distraction, that gives you35.Deep work enables you to produce to the best of your ability and acquire new skills quickly. Developing excellence in one's craft can be a deeply36try.But deep work itself is also a skill,which means the more time you spend at it,the easier it gets.Moreover,if you only work at a shallow level,your ability to do deep work decreases.So how do you conduct deep work into your work life or your studies?It's essentially important to37deep work into your day.Otherwise,it's easy to let your time fill up with shallow work.Newport recommends doing deep work as your first task of the day.That way you get it done before distractions build up.Shallow work does need to get done,but if you save it for later in the day,you can get your deep work done,too.Scheduling deep work sessions for the same time every day can turn them into a habit.This makes it easier to spend time on them.Because deep work is by definition cognitively demanding,you won't be able to do it all day.Beginners can usually only focus on deep work for38an hour,and even experts have trouble going more than four hours.So set39 goals for yourself.If you really focus,you'll be surprised at how much you accomplish in a few hours.By focusing on40sessions of deep work,you can get more done in less time and feel more satisfied.答案：31.K32.D33.H34.A35.F36.C37.I38.B39.G40.JA.advantageB.anticipatingC.digitallyD.facilitatingE.geometryF.giantG.initiated H.painstakingly I.potentially J.reopened K.soughtHow Digital Modeling Plays a Key Role in Restoring the Notre Dame Cathedral(巴黎圣母院) It’s been more than four years since a fire damaged Notre Dame,the Catholic cathedral in Paris that’s historically drawn millions of visitors every year.Since then,people from around the world have united to support an effort,31by French President,that’s intended to have the building back open to the public by the end of next year.Teams working to restore the Gothic cathedral have32to rebuild much of the damaged sections using materials like oak wood(橡木)and stone that have stood the test of centuries.But the builders,architects and engineers do have the33of some21st century technologies,including modern b u i l d i n g i n f o r m a t i o n m o d e l i n g(B I M)s o f t w a r e t h a t e n a b l e s t h e m t o w o r k w i t h a(n) 34detailed3D digital model of the cathedral and surrounding site,backed by powerful cloud computing technology.“It allows you to really understand a lot of how a building fits together,how it’s constructed,”says Andrew Anagnost,CEO of design software35Autodesk.It has contributed technical consulting,software and financial assistance to the project since shortly after the fire.A digital model,which took more than a year to create,includes more than12,000objects.It was a complex process.Onsite workers captured the point-by-point3D36of the cathedral with laser(激光) and photo equipment.Then,others turned the data points from that process into detailed shapes and objects,down to individual building stones.That let experts see how the building shifted in the fire—important for37any stability issues—and plan out the process of reconstruction.“It’s like Mission:Impossible when they plan,”says Nicolas Mangon,VP of architecture,engineering and construction industry strategy at Autodesk.“Every little piece is done38,and with the3D model you can simulate (模拟)everything.”Even when the cathedral is39,the model may still serve important roles.Mangon says the company is c u r r e n t l y i n d i s c u s s i o n s a b o u t u s i n g i t t o m a n a g e a s p e c t s o f t h e c o m p l e x g o i n g f o r w a r d, 40using sensors that could show the exact location of any future fires.答案：31.G32.K33.A34.H35.F36.E37.B38.C39.J40.IA.arrivesB.observableC.boundlessD.containedE.distancingF.expansionG.lies H.parallel I.perceiving J.threads K.volumeWhat Comes After Space?Looking at a clear night sky,you witness the vastness of space,which holds everything humans know to exist.To find out what31beyond,a good place to start is to determine where the universe ends.However,the problem is that scientists are uncertain about where space ends or whether it ends at all.The32universeThe furthest humans can see out into space,using all the technology currently available to us,is46billion light-years(a light-year is the distance that light can travel in one year,and is equivalent to about9.5million million kilometres).The33of space that humans can see is called the visible universe.Beyond this,it remains a mystery whether it’s an expanse of more galaxies and stars or possibly the edge of the universe.Some think that the universe is 34,meaning space goes on forever in every direction.In this case,there is nothing after space,because space is everything.Moving further awayExperts have captured images of the entire Earth from space,and some astronauts have personally witnessed its beauty from orbit.Perhaps35the limits of the universe would also be possible too,if only humans knew where to go to look for it.Another challenge is the universe’s rapid36.As galaxies move further away,their light takes longer to reach us.Eventually,some galaxies may be so distant that their light never37.This might imply that any edge—and whatever is on the other side—is increasingly38itself from us.Regardless of these uncertainties,scientists still spend a lot of time thinking about what comes after space.Many universes?It’s possible that there isn’t just one universe,and that our universe is just one small part of a“multiverse”.Perhaps our universe is39within its own distinct region of space,separated from others by vast expanses of nothingness. Or maybe40universes exist,pressed tightly against each other.Getting an idea of the universe’s true shape may help astronomers find out whether it has an edge.What comes after that could be an even great mystery.答案：31.G32.B33.K34.C35.I36.F37.A38.E39.D40.HA.airflowsB.blockC.challengesD.coolE.criticallyF.disproportionatelyG.principles H.reduces I.sensitive J.site-specific K.stretchesSkywellA skywell,or“tian jin”,as it is commonly called,is a typical feature of a traditionalhome in southern and eastern China.Skywells were designed to reduce temperature inbuildings well before air-conditioning existed.When wind blows above a skywell house,it can enter the indoor space through the opening.Because outdoor air is often coolerthan indoor air,the incoming wind travels down the walls to the lower stories and creates__31__by replacing warmer indoor air,which rises and leaves through the opening.The main purpose of a skywell is to allow in light,improve ventilation(通风)and harvest rainwater.In Huizhou,a skywell is small but tall,and the rooms around it__32__out sunlight on hot days,enabling the bottom of the skywell to stay cool.Meanwhile,hot air inside the house can rise and escape through the opening above the skywell.Architects are now looking towards the__33__behind skywells while designingnew buildings to save energy.One example is the National Heavy VehicleEngineering Technology Research Centre in the eastern Chinese city of Jinan.The18-storey glass-walled tower block has a giant inner skywell in the middle,which __34__from the fifth to the top floor.The elevators,toilets and meeting rooms are all situated around this channel, which helps improve the lighting and ventilation and__35__the overall energy consumption.Ancient“green wisdom”such as skywells continue to inspire today’s climate adaptive design and innovations in methods that depend on design and technology to__36__a building without the use of power.However,there are some__37__for bringing skywells into modern designs.The mechanisms of courtyards facilitating natural lighting,ventilation and rain collection are well known,but applying these methods needs to be __38__.Because traditional skywells had different shapes,sizes and features,which were__39__dependent on their natural surroundings,adding skywells into modern buildings requires designers to be__40__to their project’s context and situation,making it difficult to apply them as a universal solution.答案：31-35ABGKH36-40DCJEIUnlocking The Vatican MuseumsGianni Crea has,almost every morning for the past decade,unlocked the doors to the Vatican Museums.He has seen the splendor of the Sistine Chapel and admired the textures of ancient Egypt.“Yes,I’m a key keeper.But the doors I open are the ones to the history of art,and it’s here that exists the biggest and most beautiful history in the world,”says Crea.The Vatican Museums have(31)______collections since the15th century,including tens of thousands of artworks and artifacts spanning prehistory to modern times.The most(32)______one of them,according to Crea,is Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel.He recalls being(33)______with emotion the first time he accompanied the former head key keeper to open the chapel more than20years ago.Since then,he’s witnessed people of all faiths(34)______at the chapel’s loveliness,something the church believes is increasingly vital during these unsettled times.“In the difficult current context the world is experiencing,in which sadness and(35)______seem to have the upper hand,art is more necessary than ever,because beauty is always a source of joy,”Pope Francis said last year.There is also(36)______scientific evidence to support this view.A2019WHO analysis revealed that artistic and cultural activities(37)______physical and psychological health.In fall2022,physicians at Brussels’hospitals partnered with the city to launch a six-month(38)______study examining the benefits of“museum prescriptions as supplemental treatment for stress,burnout,and anxiety”.It’s the first investigation of its kind in Europe and is expected to have(39) ______effects across the continent.And in the wake of the pandemic(疫情),which forced the Vatican Museums to close three times between2020and2021,there’s a growing movement for wider and easier access to the arts for people’s well-being.“The Vatican Museums must open their doors to people from all over the world,as a(n)(40)______ of dialogue between cultures and religions,”Pope Francis wrote in his2015publication.“Everyone can find something beautiful and moving here,”says Crea,who always welcomes travelers from around the world to accompany him during his morning routine on select dates.“The Vatican Museums will give you an understanding of art and history regardless of your faith.”答案：31~40AKBED CHIGFA team of University of Idaho scientists is studying a fast-moving glacier in Alaska in hopes of developing better predictions on how quickly global sea levels will rise.Tim Bartholomaus,a professor in the Department of Geography and Geological Sciences,spent several weeks on Turner Glacier in Alaska’s southeastern__31__near Disenchantment Bay.The glacier is unique because,unlike other glaciers,it rises greatly every five to eight years.A surging glacier is defined,__32__,as one that starts flowing at least10times faster than normal.But the how and why of that glacial movement is poorly understood,although recent research suggests that global climate change increases the__33__of glacial surging.During Turner’s surges,the mass of ice and rock will increase its speed from roughly3feet a day to65feet per day.All of that is important because glaciers falling into the ocean are a major contributor to sea-level rise,and current climate change models don’t__34__account for these movements.For example,Greenland’s glaciers are one of the leading contributors to global sea-level rise.Since the early2000s,Greenland__35__from not having any effect on world sea levels,to increasing sea level by about1millimeter per year.Half of that yearly increase is due to warmer average temperatures,which leads to more ice melting.The other half,however,is because glaciers in Greenland are,as a whole,moving faster and running into the ocean more frequently.Glacial movement has something to do with water running underneath the glacier.Glaciers are full of holes,and water runs through those holes.When the water pressure is high underneath a glacier,it starts to move,partly because it’s lifting the mass of ice and rock off the ground and partly because it’s__36__the underside of the glacier.But how exactly does that water move through the glacier,and how does the movement__37__the glacier’s speed? Those are the questions the scientists hope to answer.Bartholomaus,some graduate students and researchers from Boise State University,__38__onto the ice in August. They set up a base camp at the toe of the glacier and spent their days flying in on helicopters.They placed roughly30 instruments,burying them deeply into the glacier and__39__them on rock outcroppings（露岩）alongside the glacier. This summer the team will return to get the instruments and replace batteries.Those instruments will__40__on and around the glacier until the glacier surge stops,providing researchers with before and after data.答案：31-35FGDKC36-40AEHJBA.mineB.criteriaC.catalogedD.candidateE.delayF.anticipatingprisedH.perceivingI.initiativepoundsK.unfavorableWhat Lies Beneath“Earth”has always been an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun.After all,an alien(外星人) examining it through a telescope would note that two-thirds of its surface is31not of land but of oceans of water.Marine biologists think the oceans might host more than2,000,000species of marine animals,of which they have so far32perhaps a tenth.A new33hopes to change this.Smoothly launched in London on April27th,Ocean Census(海洋普查)aims to discover100,000new species of marine animal over the coming decade.The attempt is happening now for two reasons.One is that,the longer scientists34,the fewer there will be to document.Climate change is heating the oceans,as well as making them more acidic as carbon dioxide is absorbed into the water.The second one is technological.Marine biologists discover about2,000new species a year,a rate hardly changed since Darwin’s day.Ocean Census is35it can go faster.“Cyber taxonomy(网络分类学)”,for instance,involves feeding animal DNA information into computers,which can quickly decide whether it meets the36for a new species.Exactly what the new effort might turn up,of course,is impossible to forecast.But history suggests it will be fruitful.Half a century ago scientists detected hot openings on the sea bed that were home to organisms living happily in conditions that,until then,had been thought37to life.These days,such openings are one credible38for the origin of all life on Earth.More practical benefits can’t be ignored.Many drugs,for example,come originally from biological39.An ocean full of unrecorded life will almost certainly prove a rich seam(矿层)from which to40more.To help make use of its data,Ocean Census plans to make it attainable to scientists and the public without charge, who will be able to search it for anything valuable or unexpected.答案：31.G32.C33.I34.E35.F36.B37.K38.D39.J40.AMagical Creatures:AN APPRECIATION OF AUTUMN MOTH(蛾)Moths seem to have a bit of a bad reputation:to some they are ill indications or something scary,to others they are dull in comparison to our well-loved butterflies.But moths are an essential part of a(n)__31__,and important food sources for species like birds and bats.And for me,moths are far from dull.My first meeting with an Angle Shades moth was nearly a non-encounter.I almost passed by without noticing it, thinking it was a fallen leaf on a fence post.But there was something about it that stopped me in my tracks.Its angular shape perhaps?Or the way it sat,__32__,despite the breeze.Closer__33__revealed cream and buff shell-shaped wings, painted with triangles of light pink and brown.Suddenly,it transformed from a(n)__34__leaf into a living thing before my eyes.I’ve been fascinated ever since.The Canary-shouldered Thorn,with its hairy buttercup-coloured body and yellow and orange wings,reminds me of a fallen silver birch(白桦树)leaf.A night-flyer,it favours gardens and woodlands,and is often drawn to__35__light, meaning that your torch beam may be attracting moths as well as lighting your way in the dark.It’s also worth double-checking any leaves in farm houses,as these sheltered spots are a favourite hiding place of another overwintering __36__:the Herald moth.This elegant creature’s beautiful wings look as though they’ve been__37__by hand and painted with bronze.There’s more to these imitators than fallen leaves.The Green-spotted Crescent,which__38__disappears on rough branches,has metallic green spots integrating with the moss(苔藓).Maybe I’ve already__39__crossed paths with one, though.As we dig out our big coats and slip on boots for walks beneath branches,how many moths are we missing? These clever creatures aren’t bad indications,but__40__parts of nature,with a gift for fancy-dress.答案：31-40C I K H D J A G B EA.attractiveB.botheredC.buildingD.contrastsE.crossedF.demonstratesG.dramaticallyH.greyedI.instrumental J.sustaining K.vividlyA Review on OppenheimerOppenheimer is Christopher Nolan’s film about J.Robert Oppenheimer,the man known as“the father of the atomic (原子的)bomb”.As a drama about genius,pride and error,it31the life of the American theoretical physicist who helped research and develop the two atomic bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki,two cities in Japan, during World War II.Oppenheimer is a great achievement,partly because it32relates that period of history thanks to Nolan’s lifelike filmmaking.Nolan goes deep and long on the33of the bomb,but he doesn’t restage the attacks and there are no documentary images of the dead or cities in ashes.The story tracks Oppenheimer across decades,starting in the1920s with him as a young adult and continuing until his hair34.The film touches on his personal and professional milestones,the controversies that35him,and the attacks that nearly ruined him.Besides,the friendships and romances36him,yet also troubling,are also described.The path of Oppenheimer’s life37shifted at Berkeley.He was once only an academic there,but his identity changed after Germany entered Poland by force.By that time,Oppenheimer had become friends with Ernest Lawrence,a physicist who invented the historic particle accelerator(粒子加速器)and played a(n)38role in the Manhattan Project.And Oppenheimer also met the project’s military head and was then made director of Los Alamos,where much of his later research on nuclear weapons took place.François Truffaut once wrote that“war films,even those who support peace,even the best,willingly or not,present wars in a certain39way.”That is why Nolan refuses to show the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki,killing millions of souls.In the film,you hear that Oppenheimer’s famous words40his own mind as the mushroom cloud rose:“Now I am become Death,the destroyer of worlds.”Nolan is actually reminding audience to reconsider the roles they can play in the world.答案：31-40FKCHB JGIAEA.attractionB.waitingC.mysteryD.uniqueE.simplyF.originallyG.stable H.popularity I.donating J.searching K.interfereThere’s a rarely-visited,dusty corner of the world where something magical happens.The place,which looks like Mars with its red rock landscape,is the Tatacoa Desert,in Colombia.Tatacoa is located in the region of Huila,south of the country’s capital Bogotá.Although Tatacoa,with its protruding cacti and red rippled rocks,is called a desert,it is in fact a dry tropical forest.But the exciting,and very(31) _______,feature of this desert,is what happens above it,at night.Thanks to its remote location–it’s almost30miles and an hour’s drive over bumpy winding roads to the nearest town–Tatacoa has no light pollution to(32)_______with the night sky.Up to88constellations(星座)are visible on a clear night,as well as both hemispheres–something that happens nowhere else in the world.The warm and dry climate helps with stargazing;a(33)_______atmosphere,which happens in dry spots or places of high elevation,decreases something called scintillation,which is when a star’s light rises and falls rapidly.It’s why stars twinkle,which looks beautiful but isn’t so great for astronomers.Not only is Tatacoa a natural wonder,but the DIY observatory that’s run by a Colombian man named Javier Fernanda Rua Restrepo has become a star(34)_______too.In fact,this humble building attracts stargazers from all over the world,from China to Iceland to Australia.And Restrepo has also become well-known in astronomer circles, with a few scientists(35)_______their own telescopes to support the grassroots observatory.The Colombian,who is(36)_______from Cali,fell in love with the stars thanks to his father’s interest in astronomy and science,and first visited Tatacoa in1997,to try to see the Comet Hale-Bopp.He stayed for a couple of days before heading back to his hometown.But within a month,he returned to Tatacoa–and never left,camping out for weeks on end(37)_______for the night to come so that he could watch the stars.At first Restrepo had worked at the Colombian government’s observatory,which he helped staff for15years.But after budget cuts meant he lost his job,he figured he would(38)_______build his own.In2015,Restrepo opened the doors to his observatory–Tatacoa Astronomia–with just one telescope.Now,as Colombia has grown in(39)_______as a tourist destination,hundreds flock to Restrepo’s star party,which he holds once a year in July.Tatacoa Astronomia is only open on starry nights,and Restrepo remains the sole employee.But that doesn’t distract from the intimacy and the specialness of the place.The structure sits on a small patch of land that Restrepo bought himself,and is cordoned（隔离）off by tarpaulin（油布）to add an extra sense of(40)_______and intrigue（阴谋）for visitors.“The stars…they put my life into its tiny perspective,”he says,“and they constantly remind me there are greater things out there.”答案：31-35D K G A I36-40F B E H CA.normallyB.boostC.sustainD.gainsE.assessingF.substantiallyG.efforts H.mixed I.surprising J.anticipate K.assignedYour Social-Media Detoxes（脱瘾治疗）Probably Aren’t Helping You We’ve all heard the supposed benefits of unplugging from digital devices,even for24hours.Such breaks are said to(31)_________self-confidence,reduce social competitiveness and fears of missing out, and make room for more-enriching,in-person interactions.Yet studies exploring those effects have produced(32)________results.So a global research team set out to systematically test the idea that social media detoxing delivers meaningful psychological(33)_________.The researchers recruited600undergraduate students in three places:the United States,the United Kingdom,and Hong Kong.All participants were randomly(34)_________to keep away from social media on either the first or the second day of a two-day experiment.On the other day,they were to interact with digital platforms as they(35)________would.Each evening they answered survey questions aimed at(36)________various aspects of well-being.Contrary to the researchers’expectations, the one-day detox made no noticeable impact on positive or negative emotions,self-confidence,or daily satisfaction.When it did have an effect,it decreased daily satisfaction and social relatedness,although the changes were not significant once the analysis was adjusted to control for gender.Just as(37)_________, people didn’t use the time freed up from looking at screens for other forms of socializing.In fact,they reported(38)________lower levels of face-to-face,phone,and email interactions on their detoxing days.Even short social-media breaks can be hard to(39)_______—indeed,only half the participants in the experiment did what was required and these results suggest that they may not be worth the(40) _______.“We did not find any evidence that social media detoxing for one day had significant positive impacts on psychological well-being,”the researchers write.答案：31-35B H D K A36-40E I F C GA.objectedB.choicesC.inequalitybinationE.paidF.respondG.personality H.fade I.reduce J.inherited K.environmentalWhat makes us happy?You probably know the type of personality in some people:they seem to be hopeful in almost everything.Are they simply born happy?Is it the product of their environment?Or does it come from their life decisions?If you are familiar with genetics research,you will have guessed that it is a31of all three.A2018 study of1516Norwegian twins suggests that around30%of the differences in people’s life satisfaction is 32.Much of this seems to be related to personality traits.To put this in context,the heritability of IQ is thought to be around80%,so33factors clearly play a role in our happiness.These include our physical health,the size and strength of our social network,job opportunities and income.It seems that the absolute value of our salary matters less than whether we feel richer than those around us, which may explain why the level of34predicts happiness better than GDP.Interestingly,many important life35have only a little influence on our happiness.Consider marriage. A2019study found that,on average,life satisfaction does rise after the wedding,but the feeling of happiness tends to 36over middle age.Parenthood is even more complex.For decades,social scientists have found that people with children at home are significantly less happy than those without.More recent research,however,suggests that there are important regional differences.Analyses show that these differences can be almost completely explained by variations in37 parentalleave,flexible working hours,affordable childcare and holiday leave,which together38the potential for work-family conflict.The effects of these policies may play out across generations.In addition to the legacy of their genes,parents’own emotional well-being will influence the family vigour,which will,in turn,shape the 39of their children.Our life satisfaction,then,is shaped by our genes,health,economic prospects,relationships and the culture around us.While many of these things may be beyond your control,there is now good evidence that certain psychological strategies will help you to40to your circumstances in the happiest way possible.答案：31-35D J K C B36-40H E I G FA.ballooningB.frost-intolerantC.directlyD.contributorsE.eruptedF.conditionsG.shadedH.sensor-equippedI.engineeringJ.situatedK.properlyFarm of the Future in the SkyFive storeys off the ground at Colorado State University,a highly unlikely garden grows undera long row of rooftop solar panels.It’s late November at9am,when the temperature is-2℃and thewind is cutting.Not long before my arrival,researchers had pulled the last___31___crops out ofthe soil under the panels.In their place,cool-season foods like leafy greens still grow,___32___from the intense sunlight up there.This is no ordinary green roof,but an expansive and___33___outdoor laboratory.The idea behind it is explained by Jennifer Bousselot,the director of the rooftop farm.Solar panels tend to get too hot on conventional rooftops,and that heat reduces their efficiency while plants help cool them off.“If you have plants under there,”Bousselot said,“they create ideal___34___for solar panels to operate.Also,the shade of the panels encourages the growth of plants.A win-win solution.”Therefore,the overall goal of the rooftop farm is to grow more food for___35___urban populations while generating clean energy and making buildings more energy efficient.Without the sun beating down___36___on a bare roof,green roofs boost a building’s energy efficiency by about10percent.That is,you don’t need to run as much air-conditioning to___37___cool the place during a heat wave.This innovative approach can also maximize land use, making urban spaces not just consumers of resources,but also active___38___to both energy and agricultural production.However,being___39___on a rooftop comes with more challenges than a typical farming site.The wind loads on a roof make it challenging to install a tracking system and irrigation(灌溉)is also trickier.The expenses are substantially increased due to higher___40___costs and the difficulties of moving and installing all the sensors and materials high in the air.It is obviously early days for rooftop farms,but some effects were already evident.Instead of being big,dead spaces, roofs may act as booming ecosystems.答案：31-40BGHFA CKDJI。
(完整word版)2018年上海高考英语选词填空专项练习(2)
Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Beyond two or three days, the world’s best weather forecasts are based on guesswork, and beyond six or seven they are worthless.The Butterfly Effect is the reason. For small pieces of weather —and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and snowstorms—any ___41___ fails rapidly. Errors and uncertainties ___42___, gathering upward through a chain of unstable features, from dust devils (尘旋风) and windstorms up to continent-size eddies(旋风) ___43___ satellites can see.The modern weather models work with a network of points of the order of sixty miles apart, and even so, some ___44___ data has to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at one-foot ___45___ all the way to the top of the atmosphere. Suppose every sensor gives perfectly ___46___ readings of temperature, pressure, dampness, and any other quantity a meteorologist(气象工作者) would want. Exactly at noon a(n) ___47___ powerful computer takes all the data and ___48___ what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03 …The computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New Jersey, will have sun or rain on a day one month away. At noon the spacesbetween the sensors will ___49___ alterations that the computer will not know about, tiny variations from the ___50___. By 12.01, those alterations will already have created small errors one foot away. Soon the errors will have multiplied to the ten-foot scale, and so on up to the size of the globe.Keys:41-45 KJIGH 46-50 AFDECSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Rain forests, found in Earth’s temperate and tropical(热带的) zones, are some of the most biologically varied ecosystems on the planet. All rain forests share certain ___41___ features, including a closed canopy, thedensevegetation of thetop branches that forms a roof above the forest floor, a damp and warm climate, and ___42___ constant temperatures throughout the year. Most of the forest’s insect and animal life grows well in the canopy’s leafy and sunlit environment. The forest’s groundcover, by comparison, is small. Less than 2 percent of the sun’s light makes its way through the canopy and the darkness below. This darkness, along with the poor quality of the soils, ___43___ plant growth.Rain forests are a(n) ___44___ part of Earth’s total ecology. Huge amounts of water are absorbed into tree roots and ___45___ into theatmosphere from the tree leaves through a process called transpiration (蒸发). Tree roots also fix the soil in place and slow the runoff of rains into rivers and oceans. Through the process of photosynthesis (光合作用), rain forests absorb more carbon dioxide and give off more oxygen than any other ecosystem.The rain forests are ___46___ shrinking at a rapid rate as a result of the profitable ventures of farming, logging, and mining. When tropical rain forests are ___47___ in order to raise cattle and crops, the nutrient-poor soils are quickly ___48___. When farmers move on to new areas, heavy rains and baking sun leave the land fruitless and lifeless. Logging and mining cause similar damage to the land and destroy the territory of ___49___ millions of birds, insects and animals. By some ___50___, an area of tropical rain forest the size of the state of Delaware disappears in this way every month.Keys:41-45 F G K D J 46-50 I H B A ESection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.“In wilderness is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed 41 a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appealin images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The 42 to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation brings to such landscapes is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform 43 that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities.Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the 44 view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human 45 , or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for 46 . While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no 47 reason not to do so. Being untouchedis not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being48 by the other participants. One opinion is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there isa 49 question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoyin the preservation of the world obviously 50 much more serious thinking.KEYS41. E 42. H 43. B 44. J 45. I 46. K 47. G 48. A 49. F 50. DSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A drop in the sun's radiation can cause cold winters in parts of North America and Europe, scientists say, a finding that could improve long-range forecasts and help countries ___41___ for storms.Scientists have known for a long time that the sun has an 11-year cycle during which radiation from the sun reaches a(n) ___42___ then falls. But detecting a clear link of the cycle to the weather has proved much ___43___ ."Our research notices a link between solar activities and regional winter climate," lead author Sarah Ineson of the UK Met Office told the reporters in an email.Her team focused on the data from the recent minimum solar radiation period during 2008-10, which was a(n) ___44___ calm period for the sun but at the same time, ___45___ winters in the U.S and Europe were recorded which brought troubles to many businesses and made people’s lives difficult.The researchers found that a reduction in radiation from the sun can affect wind patterns , ___46___ cold winters."While radiation levels won't tell us what the day-to-day weather willbe, they provide the exciting ___47___of improved prediction for winter conditions for months and even years ahead. These predictions play an important role inlong-term weather planning," Ineson said.Ineson's team used the data in a complex computer to ___48___ long-term weather patterns. It successfully reproduced what scientists had observed happening in the upper atmosphere during changes in solar radiation. More study was needed, though. The key ___49___ in the experiment lay in the satellite data used, because it spans(跨度) only a few years. "So there are still questions concerning whether the current research results are accurate and whether they can be ___50___ to other solar cycles," she said.41-50 JAHGC DBKFISection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Not so far in the distant past a study on water pollution found that common, everyday makeup products being washed down the drain was ending up in well and drinking water. Now a study has found that people pollute themselves. Many of the pollutants are linked to cancer and other serious health 41 . What’s the key cause of this pollution? Common householditems, 42 ， appear to be used more by women than men. These include makeup, hair spray and commercial, chemically-made perfumes. These are perfumes that are 43 advertised as having some sort of beneficial effect on the body and are even suggested as a replacement for natural essential oils. Studies on the effectiveness of fragrance oils and health benefits have been 44 , something neglected to be mentioned. If the chemical scent has cancer-causing properties, it may not make sense to try and use it for helping you sleep or 45 your blood pressure. Manufacturers argue that the risk is non-existent as the levels of chemicals found in the tests were so small. However, with over 60 chemicals being found, many of which were non-existent before the turn of the century, researchers make note that these chemicals may be enough to cause problems.Since the products mentioned are often used by women, it leaves one to wonder if conditions, 46 unheard of before the turn of the century, are linked to man-made chemicals? Perfumes in particular, when chemical, have been linked to asthma(哮喘) and other sensitive 47 . Some groups are asking the government to order manufacturers to place 48 labels on each bottle.Essential oils and real fragrance oils provide a wonderful 49 to commercial fragrances. They also have other properties and effects on the body which have been scientifically proven. In addition, you can actually formulate your own scent quite easily! There are many books on perfume 50 and the use of essential oils, some quite in-depth and others rather fun. Nowadays there are also many companies making perfumes from pure essential oils.Keys:41-45 BIFEA 46-50 DGCHK。
上海高考英语选词填空专项练习
Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Beyond two or three days, the world’s best weather forecasts are based on guesswork, and beyond six or seven they are worthless.The Butterfly Effect is the reason. For small pieces of weather — and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and snowstorms—any ___41___ fails rapidly. Errors and uncertainties ___42___, gathering upward through a chain of unstable features, from dust devils (尘旋风) and windstorms up to continent-size eddies (旋风) ___43___ satellites can see.The modern weather models work with a network of points of the order of sixty miles apart, and even so, some ___44___ data has to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at one-foot ___45___ all the way to the top of the atmosphere. Suppose every sensor gives perfectly ___46___ readings of temperature, pressure, dampness, and any other quantity a meteorologist (气象工作者) would want. Exactly at noon a(n) ___47___ powerful computer takes all the data and ___48___ what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03 …The computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New Jersey, will have sun or rain on a day one month away. At noon the spaces between the sensors will ___49___ alterations that the computer will not know about, tiny variations from the ___50___. By 12.01, those alterations will already have created small errors one foot away. Soon the errors will have multiplied to the ten-foot scale, and so on up to the size of the globe.Keys:41-45 KJIGH 46-50 AFDECSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Rain forests, found in Earth’s temperate and tropical (热带的) zones, are some of the most biologically varied ecosystems on the planet. All rain forests share certain ___41___ features, including a closed canopy, thedensevegetation of thetop branches that forms a roof above the forest floor, a damp and warm climate, and ___42___ constant temperatures throughout the year. Most of the forest’s insect and animal life grows well in the canopy’s leafy and sunlit environment. The forest’s groundcover, by comparison, is small. Less than 2 percent of the sun’s li ght makes its way through the canopy and the darkness below. This darkness, along with the poor quality of the soils, ___43___ plant growth.Rain forests are a(n) ___44___ part of Earth’s total ecology. Huge amounts of water are absorbed into tree roots and ___45___ into the atmosphere from the tree leaves through a process called transpiration(蒸发). Tree roots also fix the soil in place and slow the runoff of rains into rivers and oceans. Through the process of photosynthesis (光合作用), rain forests absorb more carbon dioxide and give off more oxygen than any other ecosystem.The rain forests are ___46___ shrinking at a rapid rate as a result of the profitable ventures of farming, logging, and mining. When tropical rain forests are ___47___ in order to raise cattle and crops, the nutrient-poor soils are quickly___48___. When farmers move on to new areas, heavy rains and baking sun leave the land fruitless and lifeless. Logging and mining cause similar damage to the land and destroy the territory of ___49___ millions of birds, insects and animals. By some ___50___, an area of tropical rain forest the size of the state of Delaware disappears in this way every month.Keys:41-45 F G K D J 46-50 I H B A ESection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.“In wilderness is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed 41 a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The 42 to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation brings to such landscapes is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform 43 that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities.Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the 44 view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human 45 , or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merelystruggle for 46 . While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no 47 reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being 48 by the other participants. One opinion is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a 49 question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously 50 much more serious thinking.KEYS41. E 42. H 43. B 44. J 45. I 46. K 47. G 48. A 49. F 50. DSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A drop in the sun's radiation can cause cold winters in parts of North America and Europe, scientists say, a finding that could improve long-range forecasts and help countries ___41___ for storms.Scientists have known for a long time that the sun has an 11-year cycle during which radiation from the sun reaches a(n) ___42___ then falls. But detecting a clear link of the cycle to the weather has proved much ___43___ ."Our research notices a link between solar activities and regional winter climate," lead author Sarah Ineson of the UK Met Office told the reporters in an email.Her team focused on the data from the recent minimum solar radiation period during 2008-10, which was a(n) ___44___ calm period for the sun but at the same time, ___45___ winters in the U.S and Europe were recorded which brought troubles to many businesses and made people’s lives difficult.The researchers found that a reduction in radiation from the sun can affect wind patterns , ___46___ cold winters."While radiation levels won't tell us what the day-to-day weather will be, they provide the exciting ___47___of improved prediction for winter conditions for months and even years ahead. These predictions play an important role inlong-term weather planning," Ineson said.Ineson's team used the data in a complex computer to ___48___ long-term weather patterns. It successfully reproduced what scientists had observed happening in the upper atmosphere during changes in solar radiation. More study was needed, though. The key ___49___ in the experiment lay in the satellite data used, because it spans(跨度) only a few years. "So there are still questions concerning whether the current research results are accurate and whether they can be ___50___ to other solar cycles," she said.41-50 JAHGC DBKFISection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Not so far in the distant past a study on water pollution found that common, everyday makeup products being washed down the drain was ending up in well and drinking water. Now a study has found that people pollute themselves. Many of the pollutants are linked to cancer and other serious health 41 . What’s the key cause of this pollution? Common household items, 42 ，appear to be used more by women than men. These include makeup, hair spray and commercial, chemically-made perfumes. These are perfumes that are 43 advertised as having some sort of beneficial effect on the body and are even suggested as a replacement for natural essential oils. Studies on the effectiveness of fragrance oils and health benefits have been 44 , something neglected to be mentioned. If the chemical scent has cancer-causing properties, it may not make sense to try and use it for helping you sleep or 45 your blood pressure. Manufacturers argue that the risk is non-existent as the levels of chemicals found in the tests were so small. However, with over 60 chemicals being found, many of which were non-existent before the turn of the century, researchers make note that these chemicals may be enough to cause problems.Since the products mentioned are often used by women, it leaves one to wonder if conditions, 46 unheard of before the turn of the century, are linked to man-made chemicals? Perfumes in particular, when chemical, have been linked to asthma(哮喘) and other sensitive 47 . Some groups are asking the government to order manufacturers to place 48 labels on each bottle.Essential oils and real fragrance oils provide a wonderful 49 to commercial fragrances. They also have other properties and effects on the body which have been scientifically proven. In addition, you can actually formulate your own scent quite easily! There are many books on perfume 50 and the use of essential oils, some quite in-depth and others rather fun. Nowadays there are also many companies making perfumes from pure essential oils.Keys:41-45 BIFEA 46-50 DGCHK。
最新上海高考英语选词填空练习
A．avoiding B．regard C．correct D．properly AB．customAC．anyone AD．feature BC．those BD. notic CD．politeForeigners often fail to appreciate the formal code of greeting in France. The French shake hands with everyone(family, children, strangers), at home, on the way to work, at work, on leaving work, on the way home from work, etc. Thus, in an office , perhaps a dozen people, no work will be done for the first half hour while 41 who have not met since the day before, remind each other who they are.However, it is important to remember with whom one has shaken hands on any one day. The French 42 it as extremely bad manners to shake hands twice, as though one had not taken enough 43 for the first time.It is still the 44 to say “Bonjour” and “Au revoir” to others when entering or leaving a shop or bar. This is not because the French are too 45 . It is because they see acknowledging(注意) the existence of others as a way of 46 being rude. This may seem unbearably slight to others, but to the French it is most important. Manners mean civilization to them.Kissing is not so much of a(n) 47 of French life as others supposed. But when it does take place, it must be done 48 , according to the rules. The 49 order is left cheek, right cheek, left cheek---very formal, very stylized. In Paris four kisses are sometimes permitted: left,right, left, right.41．BC 42．B 43．BD 44．AB 45．CD 46．A 47．AD48．D 49．CBarack Obama has been a hit in China. Apart from holding talks with Chinese leaders, the president ___41___ the Chinese with a lively question-and-answer session with college students. In fact, he is the first U.S. president to visit China inside his first year in office.“The United States insists we do not seek to contain China’s rise,” he told Chinese students in Shanghai. “On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and ___42___ and successful member of the community of nations.”The U.S.-China relationship has opened the door to partnerships on ___43 ___ global concerns including economic recovery, clean energy, climate change, and the ___44___ of peace and beyond, he added.Indeed, given these pressing issues, China and the United States have ___45___ found their future linked together. They discovered that the largest developing nation and the most powerful industrialized country have to work in concert.Obama’s visit to China on November 15-18 highlighted the complexity of arguably the most important bilateral (双边) relationship in the world. Moreover, for all their differences and disagreements, Beijing and Washington are ___46___ to manage their relations in a way that will contribute to world peace and development.Obama kicked off his first state visit to China in the country’s financial and economic centre, Shanghai, where he held a “town hall”meeting with more than 500 Chinese students. The one-hour discussion, during which Obama took ___47___ ranging from antiterrorism to recipes for success with his signature charisma (领袖魅力), was broadcast live on the websites.He ___48___ that young people could help build bridges in U.S.-China ___49___ —a process that he said must grow beyond the two countries’ governments to take root in the people. 41—45 GDACJ 46—49 BHEIThe pollution of the earth’s soil and water has become an issue of great concern. Until recently, most of that concern has focused on the land 41 of the planet, where pollutiondirectly affects people in their daily lives. Now, however, we have begun to realize that marine (海洋的) pollution is 42 important. According to S.A. Patin, marine pollution is the condition that results when people introduce into the seas substances harmful to life, health, resources,activities, or 43 .Marine pollution is far from new. For over a million years, people have thought of the sea as a 44 place to throw their garbage. And it is true that the sea has a great capacity for absorbing organic wastes. Some of these wastes are eaten directly by the larger fishes. Others quickly 45 into a kind of organic soup that provides food to 46 species of single-celled plant and animal life.As civilizations grew, more different pollutants were dumped into the seas. Still, this pollution did not really threaten the marine environment. The seas seemed 47 of coping with anything that people could throw at them. This situation changed, however, when suddenly factories began dumping enormous quantities of materials into the seas. Especially in some coastal areas near large cities, ocean pollution began to 48 marine life. For the first time, the oceans began to fail in their ability to 49 humanity’s waste.Section B41. C 42. A 43. J 44. H 45. D 46. F 47. G 48. E 49. BHappiness, according to the Oxford English dictionary, is based on luck or good fortune. Joy on the other hand, is described as a vivid emotion of pleasure. Thus, happiness depends on __41__; joy, on our emotional well-being.If you know joyful people, you will probably notice common traits among them. Joyful people are often healthy, both __42__ and mentally; they value strong __43__ relationships, and they don’t allow the extremes of life -- sudden highs or sudden lows -- to __44__ them too much. Joyful people lead a more stable life. But these abilities do not just arrive; they have to be worked at.Teaching ourselves to be joyful may be one of the greatest things we can do to enhance our __45__ health. However, it is important to understand that joy is an emotion that arises from within us and is not __46__ by the things that happen to us. Instead of looking for external things to provide happiness in our lives, we must __47__ to find the joy within. We must educate ourselves about joy and work to enhance it in our lives. One way to start is to make a __48__ to wake up every morning and find joy in our lives. Think about a special person or a __49__ pet. It is our choice to be joyful or fearful. Let’s take the time to train ourselves to be joyful -- our lives will be both happier and healthier for it.V ocabulary 41-49 D C I A F E J H BWhen I succeeded in becoming a part-time employee of Nokia China last summer, many friends asked me how I survived the interview.I once asked myself the same questions. Many of my peers also __41__ for the job, including some very competitive and intelligent students from famous universities.But why did the interviewer pick me instead of them?Finally, __42 __ pushed me to ask the interviewers after we became colleagues. The answer was that I appeared confident but humble, responsible and communicative. They evaluated people not just on their academic certificates, but on the base of their __43__ and abilities. I happened to be the right person.To be frank, I once felt __44__ of being a student from an unknown college, and I think this may apply to some of you. I thought my future was ruined. It was only at the time of my successful interview that I finally understood the famous saying --- “You decide where you go.”A wide range of skills is important these days. I used to work for Master Kong. My job was to cook instant noodles for customers. I had regarded it as a piece of cake, but I failed constantly. I had to cook the noodles for the right amount of time to make them taste good. Moreover, the noodles could only remain in a plastic cup of five minutes, or the taste would be __45__.This experience taught me never to look __46__ on anything, and always remain humble.I also worked as a volunteer for a beach volleyball event. My job was to help foreign visitors experience the beach. I thought it would be very easy because my oral English was __47__ good. But when I went to talk with a group of foreign guests, I suddenly realized that I did not know a single beach volleyball term. I was embarrassed.After this, I read brochures in both Chinese and English every day to learn the terms for facilities and related words. This allowed me to deliver accurate __48__ to foreigners, and I was happy to work responsibly.After these experience, I’m more confident and I strongly believe that my fate is in my __49__. It has certainly helped me make a giant step closer to my dream of graduating with prospects for the future. I hope my advice will benefit you as well.41-45 HDBGI 46-49 CEJA。
高考英语一模选词填空
上海高考英语题型训练：选词填空Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.There’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world wher e ____31____ is given for people’s accomplishments, failing feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to success. Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is____32____ not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something – say painting or speaking foreign languages –but this ability can be improved through ___33___ practice or training.It’s almost impossible to think rationally(理性地) while shouting at yourself, “I’m a failure”. But when you ___34___ your thinking, you will probably see what you can control – your behavior, your planning, your reactions – and change them.The primary ___35___ between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look.Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it – a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win ___36___, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to ___37___. So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to ___38___ your objectives and how much you want them.There is a way to distinguish whether a failure ___39___ you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too mu ch time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy, you should give a second thought to the ___40___ of your goal and even set a new one. 31-40 DEAHB FCIJGenvy-as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topaoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of ___33___ a Kilometer, was used to de determine the size of thefloods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a Shauf was used to raise water from the river--___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n)___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts（囊肿）. Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition （迷信）. And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War Ⅱ. The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.31-40 G J A B D C E I H FUnit 3.Dogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the 31is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was found to be the most32 used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogsare aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites 33 and affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be 34 that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attentionstate of their audience and are not just a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food 35 did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear t o support evidence dogs are 36 to humans’ attention and that expressions are 37 active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.” The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a meter awayfrom a person, and the dogs’ faces were 38 throughout a range of exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distractedand with her body turned away from the dog.They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they 39 facial expressions. Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved asthey were 40 . “Domestic dogs have a unique history –they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seemto have acted on dogs’ ability to communicate with us, ”she said.31-40 HDFKE GABCICanada, February 2017: I stood in the snow on a frozen lake, watching as the sky twisted in front of me. Green bands of light______31_____ out in the darkness. Slowly the colors twisted and broke and reappeared elsewhere until, suddenly, a whole band flowed and pulsed across the sky,____32_____ with delicate yellow, pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm, yet calm. Gentle, yet_____33_____. Most of all, it was a gift.This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had seen fast movement and bright colours. The calm, green aurora displays that many people see are driven bya(n)_____34____stream of particles(微粒) from the sun, called the solar wind. But when the sun throws us extra hot, fat particles, this process goes into overdrive—we get much more movement and colour. It is glorious! Aurora-spotters long for it.But for some, the wild movements of the heavens can have serious _____35___. Satellites’ electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particles,____36____ industries that rely on them. Flights may need to change course to avoid radio___37____ around the poles, or to protect aircrew from enhanced radiation exposure. During a solar storm, aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit over a single flight.Stormy space weather affects us on the ground, too. A large solar storm in 1989 caused a 10-hour electrical blackout over Canada’s Quebec Province, costing the economy a(n)___38____C$10 billion. Disturbance of the atmosphere causes problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017, a huge solar flame____39____ just as Hurricane Iran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio blackout help up the emergency response. Meanwhile, beautiful aurora displays were seen in England. Place its beauty aside, then, and the auroral _____40______ is nothing other than a giant planetary disturbance, more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies. 31-40 JBAED KCFGIwhen the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _______ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through over sweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32)_______ this over heatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _______ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34)_______ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, (35) _______ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applyingcool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) (36) _______ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); a rapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _______. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38) _______ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or (39) _______ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40)_______. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F. 31-40 FHIAG JKEBCThey’re still kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group 31 , even from their Millennial (千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older bro thers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may seem slight, but they 32 the appearance of a new generation.The 33 between Millennial elders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has 34 the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically 35 life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, Myspace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguish themselves as a new generation, which he has given them the nickname of “ingeneration”.Rosen says portability is the key. They are 36 from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected—even in class, where cell phones are 37 banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “T hey should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens38 distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change 39 .“The growth on the use of technology with children is very rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think. We have to give them options because they want their world40 ,” Rosen31-40 JEHAG KIBFCUnit 7,used to treat burns. Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all are designed to ___31___ at least some of the skin’s basic functions, which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat.Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which serves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin___32___ and maintain its biological functions.Artificial skins close wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can ___33___. For example, one commonly used artificial skin, Integra, functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen（胶原质）___34___. The Integra “dermis” is also biodegradable（可生物降解的）. It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.Aside from its uses in the clinical ___35___, artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research. For example, artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing. Such testing may cause ___36___ pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not ___37___ predict the response of human skin. Some companies like L’ Ordeal have already used artificial skin to test many ___38___ ingredients and products. Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin.Today new technology has been developed by growing ___39___ of skin taken from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns. Such cells often do not stimulate the body’s immune system-a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mother’s body-and hence are much less likely to be ___40___ by the patient’s body.31-40 FCEAI KJGBDIt is said that there’s no such thing as a free lunch, but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal, it will not taste as good as a more expensive meal, according to scientists. A new study has found that restaurant __31__ who pay more for their meals think the food is tastier than if it is offered for a smaller price. The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their __32__ of how food tastes.Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet(自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the __33__ at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were asked to __34__ how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names. The experiment __35__ that the people who paid $8 for the food enjoyed their me al 11 percent more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they __36__. However, the scientists said that both groupsate around the same quantity of food in total, according to the study __37__ at the Experimental Biology meeting this week. Brian Wans ink, a professor of __38__ behavior at the university, said: “We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats, but a huge impact on how you __39__ the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals.In a(n)__40__ study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories(卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit areas. 31-40 IEDCJ AGKHFNew Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions（育儿干预）for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children. There is a dominant view among scientists and policy-makers. They believes, for the greatest effect, interventions need to be __31__ early in life, when children’s brain function and behavior are thought to be more flexible. However, accord ing to the new research, it’s time to stop focusing on when we intervene with parenting, and just continue helping children in need of all ages.Just published in Child Development, the study is one of the first to __32__ this age assumption. Parenting interventions are a common and effective tool for reducing child behavior problems, but studies of age effects have produced different results until now.A team led by Professor Frances Fader __33__ data from over 15,000 families from all over the world, and found no evidence that earlier is better. Older children benefited just as much as younger ones from parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems. There was no evidence that earlier interventions are more powerful. This was based on __34__ data from more than 150 different experiments.What’s more, their economic analysis found that interventions with older children were __35__ more likely to be cost-effective.Professor Gardner commented: “When there is __36__ about behavioral difficulties in younger children, our findings should never be used as a reason to delay intervention, otherwise, children and families will suffer for longer.” She continued, “As for __37__ parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems in childhood, we shoul d stick to the principle, ‘it’s never too early, never too late’, rather than ‘earlier is better’.”The study draws the conclusion that it makes sense to invest in parenting interventions for children at all ages with behavioral difficulties, because they are no more likely to be __38__ in younger than older children, at least in thepre-adolescents. Of course, there’s more work to be done. The experiments conducted were __39__ to pre-adolescents, to shorter-term effects, andparent-reported assessment of child outcomes. Future studies are needed that focus on adolescents, longer-term outcomes, and using multiple sources for __40__ child behavior problems.31-40 FKBAG CHEIJ。
2020上海高考英语选词填空专项练习
Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Beyond two or three days, the world’s best weather forecasts are based on guesswork, and beyond six or seven they are worthless.The Butterfly Effect is the reason. For small pieces of weather — and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and snowstorms—any ___41___ fails rapidly. Errors and uncertainties ___42___, gathering upward through a chain of unstable features, from dust devils (尘旋风) and windstorms up to continent-size eddies (旋风) ___43___ satellites can see.The modern weather models work with a network of points of the order of sixty miles apart, and even so, some ___44___ data has to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at one-foot ___45___ all the way to the top of the atmosphere. Suppose every sensor gives perfectly ___46___ readings of temperature, pressure, dampness, and any other quantity a meteorologist (气象工作者) would want. Exactly at noon a(n) ___47___ powerful computer takes all the data and ___48___ what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03 …The computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New Jersey, will have sun or rain on a day one month away. At noon the spaces between the sensors will ___49___ alterations that the computer will not know about, tiny variations from the ___50___. By 12.01, those alterations will already have created small errors one foot away. Soon the errors will have multiplied to the ten-foot scale, and so on up to the size of the globe.Keys:41-45 KJIGH 46-50 AFDECSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Rain forests, found in Earth’s temperate and tropical (热带的) zones, are some of the most biologically varied ecosystems on the planet. All rain forests share certain ___41___ features, including a closed canopy, thedensevegetation of thetop branches that forms a roof above the forest floor, a damp and warm climate, and ___42___ constant temperatures throughout the year. Most of the forest’s insect and animal life grows well in the canopy’s leafy and sunlit environment. The forest’s groundcover, by comparison, is small. Less than 2 percent of the sun’s light ma kes its way through the canopy and the darkness below. This darkness, along with the poor quality of the soils, ___43___ plant growth.Rain forests are a(n) ___44___ part of Earth’s total ecology. Huge amounts of water are absorbed into tree roots and ___45___ into the atmosphere from the tree leaves through a process called transpiration(蒸发). Tree roots also fix the soil in place and slow the runoff of rains into rivers and oceans. Through the process of photosynthesis (光合作用), rain forests absorb more carbon dioxide and give off more oxygen than any other ecosystem.The rain forests are ___46___ shrinking at a rapid rate as a result of the profitable ventures of farming, logging, and mining. When tropical rain forests are ___47___ in order to raise cattle and crops, the nutrient-poor soils are quickly ___48___. When farmers move on to new areas, heavy rains and baking sun leave the land fruitless and lifeless. Logging and mining cause similar damage to the land and destroy the territory of ___49___ millions of birds, insects and animals. By some ___50___, an area of tropical rain forest the size of the state of Delaware disappears in this way every month.Keys:41-45 F G K D J 46-50 I H B A ESection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.“In wilderness is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed 41 a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The 42 to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation brings to such landscapes is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform 43 that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities.Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the 44 view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human 45 , or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for 46 . While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no 47 reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being 48 by the other participants. One opinion is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a 49 question as to whetherwildernesses can be exploited without harm.This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously 50 much more serious thinking.KEYS41. E 42. H 43. B 44. J 45. I 46. K 47. G 48. A 49. F 50. D Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A drop in the sun's radiation can cause cold winters in parts of North America and Europe, scientists say, a finding that could improve long-range forecasts and help countries ___41___ for storms.Scientists have known for a long time that the sun has an 11-year cycle during which radiation from the sun reaches a(n) ___42___ then falls. But detecting a clear link of the cycle to the weather has proved much ___43___ ."Our research notices a link between solar activities and regional winter climate," lead author Sarah Ineson of the UK Met Office told the reporters in an email.Her team focused on the data from the recent minimum solar radiation period during 2008-10, which was a(n) ___44___ calm period for the sun but at the same time, ___45___ winters in the U.S and Europe were recorded which brought troubles to many businesses and made people’s lives difficult.The researchers found that a reduction in radiation from the sun can affect wind patterns , ___46___ cold winters."While radiation levels won't tell us what the day-to-day weather will be, they provide the exciting ___47___of improved prediction for winter conditions for months and even years ahead. These predictions play an important role inlong-term weather planning," Ineson said.Ineson's team used the data in a complex computer to ___48___ long-term weather patterns. It successfully reproduced what scientists had observed happening in the upper atmosphere during changes in solar radiation. More study was needed, though. The key ___49___ in the experiment lay in the satellite data used, because it spans(跨度) only a few years. "So there are still questions concerning whether the current research results are accurate and whether they can be ___50___ to other solar cycles," she said.41-50 JAHGC DBKFISection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Not so far in the distant past a study on water pollution found that common, everyday makeup products being washed down the drain was ending up in well and drinking water. Now a study has found that people pollute themselves. Many of the pollutants are linked to cancer and other serious health 41 . What’s the key cause of this pollution? Common household items, 42 ，appear to be used more by women than men. These include makeup, hair spray and commercial, chemically-made perfumes. These are perfumes that are 43 advertised as having some sort of beneficial effect on the body and are even suggested as a replacement for natural essential oils. Studies on the effectiveness of fragrance oils and health benefits have been 44 , something neglected to be mentioned. If the chemical scent has cancer-causing properties, it may not make sense to try and use it for helping you sleep or 45 your blood pressure. Manufacturers argue that the risk is non-existent as the levels of chemicals found in the tests were so small. However, with over 60 chemicals being found, many of which were non-existent before the turn of the century, researchers make note that these chemicals may beenough to cause problems.Since the products mentioned are often used by women, it leaves one to wonder if conditions, 46 unheard of before the turn of the century, are linked to man-made chemicals? Perfumes in particular, when chemical, have been linked to asthma(哮喘) and other sensitive 47 . Some groups are asking the government to order manufacturers to place 48 labels on each bottle.Essential oils and real fragrance oils provide a wonderful 49 to commercial fragrances. They also have other properties and effects on the body which have been scientifically proven. In addition, you can actually formulate your own scent quite easily! There are many books on perfume 50 and the use of essential oils, some quite in-depth and others rather fun. Nowadays there are also many companies making perfumes from pure essential oils.Keys:41-45 BIFEA 46-50 DGCHK。
专题31 上海高考英语词汇填空教学指导 2023年高考英语二轮复习(上海专用)
断 原 文
空
2．形容词和分词的前面。 …but they are still not sure what leads to it…
缺 处 所
需
单
3．句子的前面。 Not , the jury found them both guilty.
词 的 词
性
解题技巧
5) 非谓语的确定：
1．动名词作主语、动词宾语和介词宾语、表语、定语。
G. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simply
题型介绍
3 选词填空考察目标
●选词填空综合了词汇、句子结构以及阅读 理解部分的测试内容。它不仅测试应试者 在词汇和句子水平上运用语言的能力，还 测试应试者在语篇上综合运用语言结构的 能力。
题型介绍
2 选词填空题型演变
年代 2007前
题型 选择题
2008后
十选九
2014后
十一选十
2007年前高考词汇考查（选择题）
41. At minus 130℃, a living cell can be ______ for a thousand years. A. spared
B. pr
2008年后高考词汇考查（十选九）
何 判 断
Education soon became a ____________ .(nightmare) As the trade winds lessen in _______ …(strength)
原 文 空
缺
a. 名词主要做主语、宾语; b. 形容词或名词都可以修饰名词;
处 所 需
c. 限定词（the, this, that, a, my之类）后必有名词;
(完整)上海高考英语选词填空练习
Foreigners often fail to appreciate the formal code of greeting in France. The French shake hands with everyone(family, children, strangers), at home, on the way to work, at work, on leaving work, on theway home from work, etc. Thus, in an office , perhaps a dozen people, no work will be done for the first half hour while 41 who have not met since the day before, remind each other who they are.However, it is important to remember with whom one has shaken hands on any one day. The French 42 it as extremely bad manners to shake hands twice, as though one had not taken enough 43 for the first time.It is still the 44 to say “Bonjour ” and “Au revoir ” to others when entering or leaving a shop or bar. This is not because the French are too 45 . It is because they see acknowledging(注意) the existence of others as a way of 46 being rude. This may seem unbearably slight to others, but to the French it is most important. Manners mean civilization to them.Kissing is not so much of a(n) 47 of French life as others supposed. But when it does take place, it must be done 48 , according to the rules. The 49 order is left cheek, right cheek, left cheek---very formal, very stylized. In Paris four kisses are sometimes permitted: left, right, left, right.41．BC 42．B 43．BD 44．AB 45．CD 46．A 47．ADthe president ___41___ the Chinese with a lively question-and-answer session with college students. In fact, he is the first U.S. president to visit China inside his first year in office.“The United States insists we do not seek to contain China ’s rise,” he told Chinese students in Shanghai. “On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and ___42___ and successful member of the community of nations.”The U.S.-China relationship has opened the door to partnerships on ___43 ___ global concerns including economic recovery, clean energy, climate change, and the ___44___ of peace and beyond, he added.Indeed, given these pressing issues, China and the United States have ___45___ found their future linked together. They discovered that the largest developing nation and the most powerful industrialized country have to work in concert.A ．avoidingB ．regardC ．correctD ．properly AB ．custom AC ．anyone AD ．feature BC ．those BD. notic CD ．politeObama’s visit to China on November 15-18 highlighted the complexity of arguably the most important bilateral (双边) relationship in the world. Moreover, for all their differences and disagreements, Beijing and Washington are ___46___ to manage their relations in a way that will contribute to world peace and development.Obama kicked off his first state visit to China in the country’s financial and economic centre, Shanghai, where he held a “town hall”meeting with more than 500 Chinese students. The one-hour discussion, during which Obama took ___47___ ranging from antiterrorism to recipes for success with his signature charisma (领袖魅力), was broadcast live on the websites.He ___48___ that young people could help build bridges in U.S.-China ___49___ —a process that he said must grow beyond the two countries’ governments to take root in the people.41—45 GDACJ 46—49 BHEIThe pollution of the earth’s soil and water has become an issue of great concern. Until recently, most of that concern has focused on the land 41 of the planet, where pollution directly affects people in their daily lives. Now, however, we have begun to realize that marine (海洋的) pollution is 42 important. According to S.A. Patin, marine pollution is the condition that results when people introduce into the seas substances harmful to life, health, resources, activities, or 43 .Marine pollution is far from new. For over a million years, people have thought of the sea as a 44 place to throw their garbage. And it is true that the sea has a great capacity for absorbing organic wastes. Some of these wastes are eaten directly by the larger fishes. Others quickly 45 into a kind of organic soup that provides food to 46 species of single-celled plant and animal life.As civilizations grew, more different pollutants were dumped into the seas. Still, this pollution did not really threaten the marine environment. The seas seemed 47 of coping with anything that people could throw at them. This situation changed, however, when suddenly factories began dumping enormous quantities of materials into the seas. Especially in some coastal areas near large cities, ocean pollution began to 48 marine life. For the first time, the oceans began to fail in their ability to 49 humanity’s waste.Section B41. C 42. A 43. J 44. H 45. D 46. F 47. G 48. E 49. BHappiness, according to the Oxford English dictionary, is based on luck or good fortune. Joy on the other hand, is described as a vivid emotion of pleasure. Thus, happiness depends on __41__; joy, on our emotional well-being.If you know joyful people, you will probably notice common traits among them. Joyful people are often healthy, both __42__ and mentally; they value strong __43__ relationships, and they don’t allow the extremes of life -- sudden highs or sudden lows -- to __44__ them too much. Joyful people lead a more stable life. But these abilities do not just arrive; they have to be worked at.Teaching ourselves to be joyful may be one of the greatest things we can do to enhance our __45__ health. However, it is important to understand that joy is an emotion that arises from within us and is not __46__ by the things that happen to us. Instead of looking for external things to provide happiness in our lives, we must __47__ to find the joy within. We must educate ourselves about joy and work to enhance it in our lives. One way to start is to make a __48__ to wake up every morning and find joy in our lives. Think about a special person or a __49__ pet. It is our choice to be joyful or fearful. Let’s take the time to train ourselves to be joyful -- our lives will be both happier and healthier for it.When I succeeded in becoming a part-time employee of Nokia China last summer, many friends asked me how I survived the interview.I once asked myself the same questions. Many of my peers also __41__ for the job, including some very competitive and intelligent students from famous universities.But why did the interviewer pick me instead of them?Finally, __42 __ pushed me to ask the interviewers after we became colleagues. The answer was that I appeared confident but humble, responsible and communicative. They evaluated people not just on their academic certificates, but on the base of their __43__ and abilities. I happened to be the right person.To be frank, I once felt __44__ of being a student from an unknown college, and I think this may apply to some of you. I thought my future was ruined. It was only at the time of my successful interview that I finally understood the famous saying --- “You decide where you go.”A wide range of skills is important these days. I used to work for Master Kong. My job was to cook instant noodles for customers. I had regarded it as a piece of cake, but I failed constantly. I had to cook the noodles for the right amount of time to make them taste good. Moreover, the noodles could only remain in a plastic cup of five minutes, or the taste would be __45__.This experience taught me never to look __46__ on anything, and always remain humble.I also worked as a volunteer for a beach volleyball event. My job was to help foreign visitors experience the beach. I thought it would be very easy because my oral English was __47__ good. But when I went to talk with a group of foreign guests, I suddenly realized that I did not know a single beach volleyball term. I was embarrassed.After this, I read brochures in both Chinese and English every day to learn the terms for facilities and related words. This allowed me to deliver accurate __48__ to foreigners, and I was happy to work responsibly.After these experience, I’m more confident and I strongly believe that my fate is in my __49__. It has certainly helped me make a giant step closer to my dream of graduating with prospects for the future. I hope my advice will benefit you as well. 41-45 HDBGI 46-49 CEJA。
沪教版2023年上海高考题英语
沪教版2023年上海高考题英语一、词汇题选择最佳选项补全句子：The teacher _______ (explain) the lesson very carefully to the students.A. explainedB. explainC. explainingD. to explain根据句意选择合适的单词填空：She _______ (prefer, prefers) reading books to watching TV.二、语法题将下列句子改为被动语态：People speak English in many countries.完成句子，使用正确的时态：I _______ (not go) to the cinema last night because I had to study for a test.三、阅读理解阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题：The summer vacation is a time for relaxation and fun. Many students like to travel during this period. Some prefer to visit historical places, while others enjoy the beauty of nature.For example, Tom and his family decided to go to the Great Wall. They wanted to experience the ancient history of China. The Great Wall is a symbol of Chinese culture and it attracts millions of tourists every year.On the other hand, Lucy and her friends preferred to go to the beach. They enjoyed the sun, the sand, and the sea. They played volleyball, swam in the sea, and built sand castles.What do many students like to do during the summer vacation?Where did Tom and his family decide to go during the summer vacation?What is the Great Wall a symbol of?。
上海高考英语选词填空练习
上海高考英语选词填空练习集团标准化工作小组 #Q8QGGQT-GX8G08Q8-GNQGJ8-MHHGN#Foreigners often fail to appreciate the formal code of greeting in France. The French shake hands with everyone(family, children, strangers), at home, on the way to work, at work, no work will be done for the first half hour while 41 who have not met since the day before, remind each other who they are.However, it is important to remember with whom one has shaken hands on any one day. The French 42 it as extremely bad manners to shake hands twice, as though one had not taken enough 43 for the first time.It is still the 44 to say “Bonjour ” and “Au revoir ” to others when entering or leaving a shop or bar. This is not because the French are too 45 . It is because they seeacknowledging(注意) the existence of others as a way of 46 being rude. This may seemunbearably slight to others, but to the French it is most important. Manners mean civilization to them.Kissing is not so much of a(n) 47 of French life as others supposed. But when it doestake place, it must be done 48 , according to the rules. The 49 order is left cheek, rightcheek, left cheek---very formal, very stylized. In Paris four kisses are sometimes permitted: left, right, left, right.41．BC 42．B 43．BD 44．AB 45．CD 46．A 47．ADA ．avoidingB ．regardC ．correctD ．properly AB ．custom48．D 49．CBarack Obama has been a hit in China. Apart from holding talkswith Chinese leaders, the president ___41___ the Chinese with a livelyquestion-and-answer session with college students. In fact, he is thefirst . president to visit China inside his first year in office.“The United States insists we do not seek to contain China’s rise,” he told Chinese students in Shanghai. “On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and ___42___ and successful member of the community of nations.”The relationship has opened the door to partnerships on ___43 ___global concerns including economic recovery, clean energy, climatechange, and the ___44___ of peace and beyond, he added.Indeed, given these pressing issues, China and the United Stateshave ___45___ found their future linked together. They discovered thatthe largest developing nation and the most powerful industrializedcountry have to work in concert.Obama’s visit to China on November 15-18 highlighted the complexity of arguably the most important bilateral (双边) relationship in the world. Moreover, for all their differences and disagreements, Beijing and Washington are ___46___ to manage their relations in a way that will contribute to world peace and development.Obama kicked off his first state visit to China in the country’s financial and economic centre, Shanghai, where he held a “town hall” meeting with more than 500 Chinese students. The one-hour discussion, during which Obama took ___47___ ranging from antiterrorism to recipes for success with his signature charisma (领袖魅力), was broadcast live on the websites.He ___48___ that young people could help build bridges in ___49___ — a process that he said must grow beyond the two countries’ governments to take root in the people.The pollution of the earth’s soil and water has become an issue of great concern. Until recently, most of that concern has focused on the land 41 of the planet, where pollution directly affects people in their daily lives. Now, however, we have begun to realize that marine (海洋的) pollution is 42 important. According to . Patin, marine pollution is the condition that results when people introduce into the seas substances harmful to life, health, resources, activities, or 43 .Marine pollution is far from new. For over a million years, people have thought of the sea as a 44 place to throw their garbage. And it is true that the sea has a great capacity for absorbing organic wastes. Some of these wastes are eaten directly by the larger fishes. Others quickly 45 into a kind of organic soup that provides food to 46 species of single-celled plant and animal life.As civilizations grew, more different pollutants were dumped into the seas. Still, this pollution did not really threaten the marine environment. The seas seemed 47 of coping with anything that people could throw at them. This situation changed, however, when suddenly factories began dumping enormous quantities of materials into the seas. Especially in some coastal areas near large cities, ocean pollution began to 48 marine life. For the first time, the oceans began to fail in their ability to 49 humanity’s waste.Section B41. C 42. A 43. J 44. H 45. D 46. F 47. G 48. E 49. Bother hand, is described as a vivid emotion of pleasure. Thus, happiness depends on __41__; joy, on our emotional well-being.If you know joyful people, you will probably notice common traits among them. Joyful people are often healthy, both __42__ and mentally; they value strong __43__ relationships, and they don’t allow the extremes of life -- sudden highs or sudden lows -- to __44__ them too much. Joyful people lead a more stable life. But these abilities do not just arrive; they have to be worked at.Teaching ourselves to be joyful may be one of the greatest things we can do to enhance our __45__ health. However, it is important to understand that joy is an emotion that arises from within us and is not __46__ by the things that happen to us. Instead of looking for external things to provide happiness in our lives, we must __47__ to find the joy within. We must educate ourselves about joy and work to enhance it in our lives. One way to start is to make a __48__ to wake up every morning and find joy in our lives. Think about a special person or a __49__ pet. It is our choice to be joyful or fearful. Let’s take the time to train ourselves to be joyful -- our lives will be both happier and healthier for it.many friends asked me how I survived the interview.I once asked myself the same questions. Many of my peers also __41__ for the job, including some very competitive and intelligent students from famous universities.But why did the interviewer pick me instead of themFinally, __42 __ pushed me to ask the interviewers after we became colleagues. The answer was that I appeared confident but humble, responsible and communicative. They evaluated people not just on their academic certificates, but on the base of their __43__ and abilities. I happened to be the right person.To be frank, I once felt __44__ of being a student from an unknown college, and I think this may apply to some of you. I thought my future was ruined. It was only at the time of my successful interview that I finally understood the famous saying --- “You decide where you go.”A wide range of skills is important these days. I used to work for Master Kong. My job was to cook instant noodles for customers. I had regarded it as a piece of cake, but I failed constantly. I had to cook the noodles for the right amount of time to make them taste good. Moreover, the noodles could only remain in a plastic cup of five minutes, or the taste would be __45__.This experience taught me never to look __46__ on anything, and always remain humble.I also worked as a volunteer for a beach volleyball event. My job was to help foreign visitors experience the beach. I thought it would be very easy because my oral English was__47__ good. But when I went to talk with a group of foreign guests, I suddenly realized that I did not know a single beach volleyball term. I was embarrassed.After this, I read brochures in both Chinese and English every day to learn the terms for facilities and related words. This allowed me to deliver accurate __48__ to foreigners, and I was happy to work responsibly.After these experience, I’m more confident and I strongly believe that my fate is in my __49__. It has certainly helped me make a giant step closer to my dream of graduating with prospects for the future. I hope my advice will benefit you as well.41-45 HDBGI 46-49 CEJA。
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Foreigners often fail to appreciate the formal code of greeting in France. The French shake hands with everyone(family, children, strangers), at home, on the way to work, at work, on leaving work, on the way home from work, etc. Thus, in an office , perhaps a dozen people, no work will be done for the first half hour while 41 who have not met since the day before, remind each other who they are.However, it is important to remember with whom one has shaken hands on any one day. The French 42 it as extremely bad manners to shake hands twice, as though one had not taken enough 43 for the first time.It is still the 44 to say “Bonjour ” and “Au revoir ” to others when entering or leaving a shop or bar. This is not because the French are too 45 . It is because they see acknowledging(注意) the existence of others as a way of 46 being rude. This may seem unbearably slight to others, but to the French it is most important. Manners mean civilization to them.Kissing is not so much of a(n) 47 of French life as others supposed. But when it does take place, it must be done 48 , according to the rules. The 49 order is left cheek, right cheek, left cheek---very formal, very stylized. In Paris four kisses are sometimes permitted: left, right, left, right.41．BC 42．B 43．BD 44．AB 45．CD 46．A 47．ADBarack Obama has been a hit in China. Apart from holding talks with Chinese leaders, the president ___41___ the Chinese with a lively question-and-answer session with college students. A ．avoiding B ．regard C ．correct D ．properly AB ．custom AC ．anyone AD ．feature BC ．those BD. notic CD ．politeIn fact, he is the first U.S. president to visit China inside his first year in office.“The United States insists we do not seek to contain China’s rise,” he told Chinese students in Shanghai. “On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and ___42___ and successful member of the community of nations.”The U.S.-China relationship has opened the door to partnerships on ___43 ___ global concerns including economic recovery, clean energy, climate change, and the ___44___ of peace and beyond, he added.Indeed, given these pressing issues, China and the United States have ___45___ found their future linked together. They discovered that the largest developing nation and the most powerful industrialized country have to work in concert.Obama’s visit to China on November 15-18 highlighted the complexity of arguably the most important bilateral (双边) relationship in the world. Moreover, for all their differences and disagreements, Beijing and Washington are ___46___ to manage their relations in a way that will contribute to world peace and development.Obama kicked off his first state visit to China in the country’s financial and economic centre, Shanghai, where he held a “town hall”meeting with more than 500 Chinese students. The one-hour discussion, during which Obama took ___47___ ranging from antiterrorism to recipes for success with his signature charisma (领袖魅力), was broadcast live on the websites.He ___48___ that young people could help build bridges in U.S.-China ___49___ —a process that he said must grow beyond the two countries’ governments to take root in the people. 41—45 GDACJ 46—49 BHEIrecently, most of that concern has focused on the land 41 of the planet, where pollution directly affects people in their daily lives. Now, however, we have begun to realize that marine (海洋的) pollution is 42 important. According to S.A. Patin, marine pollution is the condition that results when people introduce into the seas substances harmful to life, health, resources, activities, or 43 .Marine pollution is far from new. For over a million years, people have thought of the sea as a 44 place to throw their garbage. And it is true that the sea has a great capacity for absorbing organic wastes. Some of these wastes are eaten directly by the larger fishes. Others quickly 45 into a kind of organic soup that provides food to 46 species of single-celled plant and animal life.As civilizations grew, more different pollutants were dumped into the seas. Still, this pollution did not really threaten the marine environment. The seas seemed 47 of coping with anything that people could throw at them. This situation changed, however, when suddenly factories began dumping enormous quantities of materials into the seas. Especially in some coastal areas near large cities, ocean pollution began to 48 marine life. For the first time, the oceans began to fail in their ability to 49 humanity’s waste.Section B41. C 42. A 43. J 44. H 45. D 46. F 47. G 48. E 49. BHappiness, according to the Oxford English dictionary, is based on luck or good fortune. Joy on the other hand, is described as a vivid emotion of pleasure. Thus, happiness depends on __41__; joy, on our emotional well-being.If you know joyful people, you will probably notice common traits among them. Joyful people are often healthy, both __42__ and mentally; they value strong __43__ relationships, and they don’t allow the extremes of life -- sudden highs or sudden lows -- to __44__ them too much. Joyful people lead a more stable life. But these abilities do not just arrive; they have to be worked at.Teaching ourselves to be joyful may be one of the greatest things we can do to enhance our __45__ health. However, it is important to understand that joy is an emotion that arises from within us and is not __46__ by the things that happen to us. Instead of looking for external things to provide happiness in our lives, we must __47__ to find the joy within. We must educate ourselves about joy and work to enhance it in our lives. One way to start is to make a __48__ to wake up every morning and find joy in our lives. Think about a special person or a __49__ pet. It is our choice to be joyful or fearful. Let’s take the time to train ourselves to be joyful -- our lives will be both happier and healthier for it.summer, many friends asked me how I survived the interview.I once asked myself the same questions. Many of my peers also __41__ for the job, including some very competitive and intelligent students from famous universities.But why did the interviewer pick me instead of themFinally, __42 __ pushed me to ask the interviewers after we became colleagues. The answer was that I appeared confident but humble, responsible and communicative. They evaluated people not just on their academic certificates, but on the base of their __43__ and abilities. I happened to be the right person.To be frank, I once felt __44__ of being a student from an unknown college, and I think this may apply to some of you. I thought my future was ruined. It was only at the time of my successful interview that I finally understood the famous saying --- “You decide where you go.”A wide range of skills is important these days. I used to work for Master Kong. My job was to cook instant noodles for customers. I had regarded it as a piece of cake, but I failed constantly. I had to cook the noodles for the right amount of time to make them taste good. Moreover, the noodles could only remain in a plastic cup of five minutes, or the taste would be __45__.This experience taught me never to look __46__ on anything, and always remain humble.I also worked as a volunteer for a beach volleyball event. My job was to help foreign visitors experience the beach. I thought it would be very easy because my oral English was __47__ good. But when I went to talk with a group of foreign guests, I suddenly realized that I did not know a single beach volleyball term. I was embarrassed.After this, I read brochures in both Chinese and English every day to learn the terms for facilities and related words. This allowed me to deliver accurate __48__ to foreigners, and I was happy to work responsibly.After these experience, I’m more confident and I strongly believe that my fate is in my__49__. It has certainly helped me make a giant step closer to my dream of graduating with prospects for the future. I hope my advice will benefit you as well.41-45 HDBGI 46-49 CEJA。