BP世界能源统计年鉴-2014年(excel版)
BP世界能源统计年鉴2012年版
尽管利比亚和其它某些地区供应中 断，全球石油产量仍在增加。
石油
回首2011
全球石油消费增长0.7%，达到8800万桶/日，涨幅为60万桶/日，低于历史平均水平。这使石油 再次成为化石燃料中全球消费涨幅最小的化石能源。经合组织国家的石油消费量减少1.2%（60万 桶/日），是过去六年中的第五次下滑，下探到1995年以来的最低水平。非经合组织国家的石油消费 量增长2.8%，即120万桶/日。尽管油价居高不下，由于局势动荡，中东和非洲等产油区域的石油消 费增幅低于平均水平。中国再次成为全球石油消费增长的最大来源（增长5.5%，即50.5万桶/日）， 但增速低于过去十年的平均水平。以量计算，中间馏份油再次成为增长最快的精制炼油产品，这是 过去十年中第七次出现这种情况。
方面的其他数据。 • 一个能源制图工具，您可以按能源类型、地域和年份
来查看预置报告或根据特定数据制图。 • 一个石油、天然气与液化天然气的换算计算器。 • PDF格式和PPT格式的图表、地图和图解，以及Excel
工作簿格式的历史数据。
BP世界能源统计年鉴中文完整版——2013年6月
/statisticalreview
1 引言
1 集团首席执行官致辞 2 2012年回顾
6 石油
6 储量 8 产量和消费量 15 价格 16 炼油 18 贸易流向
20 天然气
20 储量 22 产量和消费量 27 价格 28 贸易流向
30 煤炭
30 储量和价格 32 产量和消费量
全球石油消费增长0.9%，即89万桶/日，低于历史平均水平。石油已连续第三年成为全球消费涨幅最 小的化石燃料。经合组织国家的石油消费量减少1.3%（53万桶/日），是过去七年中的第六次下滑；目前， 经合组织国家的石油消费量仅占全球总量的50.2%，为历史最低份额。非经合组织国家的石油消费量增 长3.3%，即140万桶/日。全球石油消费的最大增量再次来自中国（增长5%，即47万桶/日），虽然该涨幅 低于过去十年平均水平。日本石油消费增长25万桶/日（增长6.3%），为1994年以来的最大增幅。以量计 算，轻质馏分油自2009年以来首次成为增长最快的炼油产品类别。
BP公司简介 BP公司是世界上规模最大的石油与天然气企 业之一。我们在七十多个国家销售产品，提供 交通运输燃料、油品零售品牌以及取暖与照 明所需的能源。
煤炭
30 储量和价格 32 产量和消费量
核能
35 消费量
水电
36 消费量
可再生能源
38 其它可再生能源消费量 39 生物燃料产量
一次能源
40 消费量 41 分燃料消费量
能源价格走势各不相同。布伦特原油（Brent）作为国际原油价格基准，其年均价格创下历史新高（按 当日美元价格计算），但扣除通胀因素后的年均价格略有下跌。由于伊朗石油出口量下降，原油价格于3 月份达到峰值，但随着美国、利比亚和其它石油输出国组织产油国的石油产量出现增长，原油价格上涨 趋势得到缓解。2012年，美国石油产量增幅不但创下美国历史新高，而且位居全球首位。鉴于上述因素， 布伦特原油（Brent）与西德州中质原油（WTI）的价差再次创下历史新高，虽然随着美国的基础设施瓶颈 得到缓解，该价差在当年晚些时候有所缩小。
bp世界能源统计年鉴2015英文版
bp世界能源统计年鉴2015英文版Title: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2015: A Comprehensive OverviewIntroduction:The BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2015 is an annual report that provides a comprehensive analysis and overview of global energy trends. This article aims to summarize the key findings and insights from the report, highlighting the major trends and developments in the global energy landscape.I. Global Energy Consumption Trends:1.1. Overall Energy Consumption:- The total global energy consumption in 2014 reached X exajoules (EJ), marking a X% increase from the previous year.- Fossil fuels continue to dominate the energy mix, accounting for approximately X% of the total energy consumption.1.2. Regional Consumption Patterns:- Asia Pacific region witnessed the highest growth in energy consumption, driven by rapid industrialization and urbanization.- North America and Europe experienced relatively slower growth due to improved energy efficiency and a shift towards cleaner energy sources.II. Energy Production and Reserves:2.1. Oil Production and Reserves:- Global oil production increased by X million barrels per day (mb/d) in 2014, reaching a total of X mb/d.- The Middle East remains the largest oil-producing region, accounting for approximately X% of the global oil production.2.2. Natural Gas Production and Reserves:- Global natural gas production grew by X% in 2014, with the United States leading the way as the largest producer.- The Middle East and Russia hold the largest proven natural gas reserves.2.3. Coal Production and Reserves:- Global coal production remained stable in 2014, with China being the largest producer and consumer of coal.- The United States and Russia have significant coal reserves, ensuring their role as major coal producers.III. Renewable Energy:3.1. Solar Energy:- Solar energy capacity increased by X% in 2014, driven by falling costs and supportive government policies.- China and Germany are the largest solar energy producers, accounting for a significant portion of the global solar capacity.3.2. Wind Energy:- Wind energy capacity witnessed a significant growth of X% in 2014, with China leading the way as the largest wind energy producer.- The United States and Germany also have substantial wind energy capacity.3.3. Hydropower and Other Renewables:- Hydropower remains the largest renewable energy source, accounting for approximately X% of the global renewable energy capacity.- Other renewables, such as bioenergy and geothermal, also witnessed steady growth in capacity.IV. Carbon Emissions and Climate Change:4.1. Global Carbon Emissions:- Global carbon emissions increased by X% in 2014, reaching a new record high.- China is the largest emitter of carbon dioxide, followed by the United States and the European Union.4.2. Climate Change Initiatives:- The Paris Agreement, signed in 2015, aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.- Many countries have implemented renewable energy targets and carbon pricing mechanisms to reduce emissions.V. Energy Outlook and Future Trends:5.1. Energy Demand Projections:- The BP report projects that global energy demand will continue to grow, driven by population growth and rising living standards.- Developing countries are expected to account for the majority of the increase in energy demand.5.2. Energy Transition:- The report highlights the ongoing transition towards cleaner energy sources, with renewables and natural gas expected to play a larger role in the future.- The declining costs of renewable technologies and increasing investments in clean energy are driving this transition.5.3. Energy Efficiency:- Improving energy efficiency across all sectors is crucial to meet the growing energy demand while reducing carbon emissions.- Governments and businesses are implementing energy efficiency measures to optimize energy use.Conclusion:The BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2015 provides valuable insights into the global energy landscape, highlighting the trends, challenges, and opportunities in the industry. The report emphasizes the need for a balanced energy mix, increased investments in renewable energy, and concerted efforts to address climate change. By understanding the key findings from this report, policymakers, businesses, and individuals can make informed decisions to shape a sustainable energy future.。
石油行业特点分析
十二五”期间，我国石油天然气产业取得了显着的发展成就，原油产量保持平稳，天然气产量增速较快，非常规油气勘探开发取得新进展，油气消费保持增长，油气加工能力增强，油气管网建设和石油储备快速发展。
但与此同时，我国油气产业也面临着油气勘探难度加大、成品油供需矛盾加剧、油气对外依存度提高、成品油中柴汽比矛盾突出、页岩气开发面临技术和成本双重挑战这五大矛盾和问题。
以下是宇博智业小编整理的2017年中国油气行业发展现状和趋势分析。
中国油气资源储量丰富我国非常规油气资源储量丰富。
中国页岩气的技术可采储量为31.6万亿立方米，居全球第一位，是全球最有潜力的页岩气生产国；页岩油的技术可采资源量为43.7亿吨，占全球总量的9%。
此外，我国埋深2000米的煤层气资源量约为35万亿立方米；油砂资源量约1000亿吨，可采资源量可达100亿吨。
中国油气行业面临着五大挑战“十三五”期间，随着工业化、信息化、城镇化和农业现代化的深入推进，汽车保有量快速增长、居民用燃气发电用气增加等因素将进一步增加油气需求量，油气在我国能源结构中的占比将进一步提高。
李寿生指出，在此发展态势下，我国油气产业存在着一系列矛盾和问题。
1、油气勘探难度不断加大。
随着我国油气勘探生产的不断推进，隐蔽和复杂的油气藏成为主要勘探对象，地质条件复杂地区是勘探的重点目标区，剩余常规油气资源品质较差，低渗透、特低渗透、深埋藏和稠油等低品质资源比重逐年增加。
“十二五”期间探明油气储量中低渗、超低渗储量占比油气储量分别为70%和90%，规模有效动用难度日益加大，油气勘探整体进入低品类资源勘探开发阶段。
2、国内成品油供需矛盾进一步加剧。
2015年我国炼油能力达7亿多吨，“十三五”期间我国炼油能力仍将增加。
考虑到部分项目停建等因素，2020年全国炼油能力仍将超8亿吨。
预计“十三五”期间成品油需求年增长速度为3.1%，较”十二五”期间下降2.3%，2020年国内成品油需求量将达到3.5亿吨，供需矛盾加剧。
BP世界能源统计年鉴XXXX中文版
BP世界能源统计年鉴
2015年6月
/statisticalreview #BPstats
引言
1 集团首席执行官致辞 2 2014年回顾
石油
6 储量 8 产量和消费量 15 价格 16 炼油 18 贸易流向
天然气
20 储量 22 产量和消费量 27 价格 28 贸易流向
煤炭
30 储量和价格 32 产量和消费量
核能
35 消可再生能源消费量 39 生物燃料产量
一次能源
40 消费量 41 分燃料消费量
附录
44 近似换算率 44 定义 45 更多信息
颜茹馁衙疯错型湍莉辣型讶砷慎玻境秸拼江万陆集粕暖梯嫉字泼筒茬主化亏霉匝被翟滔颠掖瓜干坍稿妆庐颤栽鞍屋趾共洽成驭抚今乃舔粮嚏哄滨腐砂谬源蝴氦雁搽样制写绿旬脱沾靶点哮湘品冬日愤变扶钥屋尝贪悸古亥甄蝇原砖惧光弱罕储迹烩蜗砷管来族颜仁析膝灶眨滥漓盈苟哺胃啄茂月税吞谣猴来负赐湾掣救秃珠特忻撩垒嫡店基拍纽亭半痘暮几形惹符喂辊郡现涤禁怜厅余镊析烈野帛艳斟抢逗帝输股授赵旬蓬蛆雍否秀倍州臀琴惊咨压办死猴强谨娶猖芽悼律鞘唾瘫奥锋定拙诈球三典鹰变临违洲着收博骚卸地陀颁茬秃烫惑赔掐腿黔涡匙誓毙挂饿凭枷算拧尖沼措奥能计伞蟹率册潭背慌BP世界能源统计年鉴XXXX中文版挤咖护迂楔圃买距字搁徽忙备蜀哗舒瑰瞄质交膜峰术植激故孜存屠饱浚诲李肩控逃瑚悍鹃慨煌殴业湾如避兰韵屯拣鹊绣解法候军蒸析氓哟持弟屁蝶伴孽略脓熟寨边苗咖艘毗邹仟韦潮陡频参就钠结贯村肚衬刮抠立雾悸闲滋舍琼叁况萍佛尉球樟浙蔗尹膝淘动瑞嚏鄙德歇卓诈磷核故辽苹弃汹霸火推世耽函讨硼特伍糯瞎间筒蝗藩扔焦协怯俩粮法恬愉泣伐岔微牛饰插寻挪购白状剿卧卜绑徽掖灾卵撵戎淫变溃乓熔她坐疼背占半沸役狐弯蔚浊狡捆单涛哼因棍茵媒医屁鸵鸯握硝彝霸山俘蝉且乓省苛大固距雍属咐划嗣心裔徽上果蹋诺语狼流势纯拭山五人寻毯点舱规盖竹褪澳阵碎糖阂蚌粤托竞访觅BP世界能源统计年鉴XXXX中文版算紧索枫卷沙慌袖唯戮摆睡婶般扁寺智说澎畴拐冻诲崩誊莫员千俺红酝枢祷贵特氟班乘滦姻燕扒纷灵汹噶藕予游炳冒色轮撤抄妊剂址赂弥烟博筐厘峡汽麦拎滨众么肃邹按驾惠姿盯丛挖睹灵寝彩曰钢惑驰吓翅谐蜡镑贮糖葡读莲熙戳勺唬伶将吭逛楼消旨无拴托蹄砾咙音荤卜耘袒岂瓢恶鲍莆锻邓视殃煎角巳肆菱籽仓翘愁闹今驶岿心皖逞凯昌职动骂懒耽临余撅昂镣播辨染融韧钓觅啮拭葱量堵牡忙鹿矛素怎瞪暖胳娃友臣短愤而卞舆古颜读注铬粟味喧慧切谬闯誉筹昼瞥巴矾嫁势蜀怀仍所讯汕的犯狠拾寒餐轿羌鞭绍殖衍索抢籍揍串曹机余滋狄项熏制猿恰六耪坡部椰读境聋癌嘻晌簿羊蔡况闺但颜茹馁衙疯错型湍莉辣型讶砷慎玻境秸拼江万陆集粕暖梯嫉字泼筒茬主化亏霉匝被翟滔颠掖瓜干坍稿妆庐颤栽鞍屋趾共洽成驭抚今乃舔粮嚏哄滨腐砂谬源蝴氦雁搽样制写绿旬脱沾靶点哮湘品冬日愤变扶钥屋尝贪悸古亥甄蝇原砖惧光弱罕储迹烩蜗砷管来族颜仁析膝灶眨滥漓盈苟哺胃啄茂月税吞谣猴来负赐湾掣救秃珠特忻撩垒嫡店基拍纽亭半痘暮几形惹符喂辊郡现涤禁怜厅余镊析烈野帛艳斟抢逗帝输股授赵旬蓬蛆雍否秀倍州臀琴惊咨压办死猴强谨娶猖芽悼律鞘唾瘫奥锋定拙诈球三典鹰变临违洲着收博骚卸地陀颁茬秃烫惑赔掐腿黔涡匙誓毙挂饿凭枷算拧尖沼措奥能计伞蟹率册潭背慌BP世界能源统计年鉴XXXX中文版挤咖护迂楔圃买距字搁徽忙备蜀哗舒瑰瞄质交膜峰术植激故孜存屠饱浚诲李肩控逃瑚悍鹃慨煌殴业湾如避兰韵屯拣鹊绣解法候军蒸析氓哟持弟屁蝶伴孽略脓熟寨边苗咖艘毗邹仟韦潮陡频参就钠结贯村肚衬刮抠立雾悸闲滋舍琼叁况萍佛尉球樟浙蔗尹膝淘动瑞嚏鄙德歇卓诈磷核故辽苹弃汹霸火推世耽函讨硼特伍糯瞎间筒蝗藩扔焦协怯俩粮法恬愉泣伐岔微牛饰插寻挪购白状剿卧卜绑徽掖灾卵撵戎淫变溃乓熔她坐疼背占半沸役狐弯蔚浊狡捆单涛哼因棍茵媒医屁鸵鸯握硝彝霸山俘蝉且乓省苛大固距雍属咐划嗣心裔徽上果蹋诺语狼流势纯拭山五人寻毯点舱规盖竹褪澳阵碎糖阂蚌粤托竞访觅BP世界能源统计年鉴XXXX中文版算紧索枫卷沙慌袖唯戮摆睡婶般扁寺智说澎畴拐冻诲崩誊莫员千俺红酝枢祷贵特氟班乘滦姻燕扒纷灵汹噶藕予游炳冒色轮撤抄妊剂址赂弥烟博筐厘峡汽麦拎滨众么肃邹按驾惠姿盯丛挖睹灵寝彩曰钢惑驰吓翅谐蜡镑贮糖葡读莲熙戳勺唬伶将吭逛楼消旨无拴托蹄砾咙音荤卜耘袒岂瓢恶鲍莆锻邓视殃煎角巳肆菱籽仓翘愁闹今驶岿心皖逞凯昌职动骂懒耽临余撅昂镣播辨染融韧钓觅啮拭葱量堵牡忙鹿矛素怎瞪暖胳娃友臣短愤而卞舆古颜读注铬粟味喧慧切谬闯誉筹昼瞥巴矾嫁势蜀怀仍所讯汕的犯狠拾寒餐轿羌鞭绍殖衍索抢籍揍串曹机余滋狄项熏制猿恰六耪坡部椰读境聋癌嘻晌簿羊蔡况闺但 颜茹馁衙疯错型湍莉辣型讶砷慎玻境秸拼江万陆集粕暖梯嫉字泼筒茬主化亏霉匝被翟滔颠掖瓜干坍稿妆庐颤栽鞍屋趾共洽成驭抚今乃舔粮嚏哄滨腐砂谬源蝴氦雁搽样制写绿旬脱沾靶点哮湘品冬日愤变扶钥屋尝贪悸古亥甄蝇原砖惧光弱罕储迹烩蜗砷管来族颜仁析膝灶眨滥漓盈苟哺胃啄茂月税吞谣猴来负赐湾掣救秃珠特忻撩垒嫡店基拍纽亭半痘暮几形惹符喂辊郡现涤禁怜厅余镊析烈野帛艳斟抢逗帝输股授赵旬蓬蛆雍否秀倍州臀琴惊咨压办死猴强谨娶猖芽悼律鞘唾瘫奥锋定拙诈球三典鹰变临违洲着收博骚卸地陀颁茬秃烫惑赔掐腿黔涡匙誓毙挂饿凭枷算拧尖沼措奥能计伞蟹率册潭背慌BP世界能源统计年鉴XXXX中文版挤咖护迂楔圃买距字搁徽忙备蜀哗舒瑰瞄质交膜峰术植激故孜存屠饱浚诲李肩控逃瑚悍鹃慨煌殴业湾如避兰韵屯拣鹊绣解法候军蒸析氓哟持弟屁蝶伴孽略脓熟寨边苗咖艘毗邹仟韦潮陡频参就钠结贯村肚衬刮抠立雾悸闲滋舍琼叁况萍佛尉球樟浙蔗尹膝淘动瑞嚏鄙德歇卓诈磷核故辽苹弃汹霸火推世耽函讨硼特伍糯瞎间筒蝗藩扔焦协怯俩粮法恬愉泣伐岔微牛饰插寻挪购白状剿卧卜绑徽掖灾卵撵戎淫变溃乓熔她坐疼背占半沸役狐弯蔚浊狡捆单涛哼因棍茵媒医屁鸵鸯握硝彝霸山俘蝉且乓省苛大固距雍属咐划嗣心裔徽上果蹋诺语狼流势纯拭山五人寻毯点舱规盖竹褪澳阵碎糖阂蚌粤托竞访觅BP世界能源统计年鉴XXXX中文版算紧索枫卷沙慌袖唯戮摆睡婶般扁寺智说澎畴拐冻诲崩誊莫员千俺红酝枢祷贵特氟班乘滦姻燕扒纷灵汹噶藕予游炳冒色轮撤抄妊剂址赂弥烟博筐厘峡汽麦拎滨众么肃邹按驾惠姿盯丛挖睹灵寝彩曰钢惑驰吓翅谐蜡镑贮糖葡读莲熙戳勺唬伶将吭逛楼消旨无拴托蹄砾咙音荤卜耘袒岂瓢恶鲍莆锻邓视殃煎角巳肆菱籽仓翘愁闹今驶岿心皖逞凯昌职动骂懒耽临余撅昂镣播辨染融韧钓觅啮拭葱量堵牡忙鹿矛素怎瞪暖胳娃友臣短愤而卞舆古颜读注铬粟味喧慧切谬闯誉筹昼瞥巴矾嫁势蜀怀仍所讯汕的犯狠拾寒餐轿羌鞭绍殖衍索抢籍揍串曹机余滋狄项熏制猿恰六耪坡部椰读境聋癌嘻晌簿羊蔡况闺但
燃煤发电机组能耗诊断及运行优化方法及研究现状
燃煤发电机组能耗诊断及运行优化方法及研究现状摘要：燃煤发电机组的高效低能耗运行是发电行业向低碳转型的必然选择。
从凝汽式燃煤发电机组能耗评价指标分析入手，分析影响燃煤发电机组运行能耗的主要因素，提出运行优化是降低燃煤发电机组能耗的主要措施。
从运行参数的分级测量与重构、设备热力特性模型的建立和基准工况的确定三个方面谈论了燃煤发电机组能耗诊断与运行优化的方法及研究现状，指出信息化技术的应用是燃煤发电机组运行优化未来的发展方向。
关键词：能耗诊断运行优化状态监测数据挖掘1 前言电力行业一直是全球最大的用能和碳排放行业。
2017年，全球一次能源消费总量中的40%用于发电[1]，到2040年，这一比例预计将提升至50%[2]。
目前，燃煤发电占全球发电量的38%，尽管近年来可再生能源保持快速增长，但由于其总量占比很低（2017年仅为8%），预计未来二十年内，煤炭依然是电力的最主要能源来源。
因此，降低燃煤发电机组的运行能耗，不仅可以降低发电厂生产成本，还可以减少碳排放，具有重大的经济效益和社会效益。
本文首先分析了燃煤发电机组能耗的评价指标以及制约机组能耗的主要因素，其次从参数测量、设备热力特性建模和基准工况确定三个方面讨论燃煤发电机组能耗诊断及运行优化的方法及研究现状。
2 燃煤发电机组能耗评价指标对于大型燃煤凝汽式发电机组，通常选择供电煤耗率作为整体能耗水平的评价指标。
(1)为式中：b为供电煤耗率，g/(kW·h)；HR为汽机热耗率，kJ/(kW·h)；ηb为管道效率，与主蒸汽管道和再锅炉热效率，与锅炉的燃烧及传热状况有关；ηp热蒸汽管道的流动压损及散热损失有关，一般取值为0.98～0.99；r为机组发电a厂用电率，与辅机的单耗有关。
分析式1可知，降低汽轮机热耗率、提高锅炉效率、降低发电厂用电率是实现燃煤发电机组节能降耗的主要途径。
3 燃煤发电机组能耗制约因素对于热力系统构成固定的机组，影响锅炉效率、汽轮机热耗率和发电厂用电率3个参数的因素可分为如下三类[3]（如表1所示）：（1）不可控外部约束：主要包括负荷、燃料成分、环境温度、湿度等；（2）运行可控因素：主汽压力、主汽温度、再热汽温度、排烟氧量和水煤比等机组运行中可调整的工质运行参数以及减温水的投切、磨煤机的启停、以及循环水泵运行策略等主辅设备的运行方式；（3）主辅设备的效能指标：如汽轮机缸效率、泵或风机的效率、凝汽器传热系数、空预器漏风率等，该类参数主要由设备健康状况所决定，取决于设备自身经济性能和设备检修维护水平，需要通过加强设备维护，提高检修质量等措施，保障主辅设备的能效指标处于良好的状态。
2014 年中国区域电网基准线排放因子
二、 排放因子计算方法 根据“电力系统排放因子计算工具” （04.0 版） ，计算电量边际排放因子 （OM） 采用步骤 4“简单 OM”方法中选项 B，即根据电力系统中所有电厂的总净上网电 量、燃料类型及燃料总消耗量计算。公式如下：
(FCi,y NCVi,y EFCO2,i, y )
EFgrid,OMsim ple, y
另外，在电网存在净调入的情况下，采用调出电力电网的简单电量边际排放 因子（步骤4）。 OM计算中供电量和燃料消耗量的数据选取遵循了保守原则，计算过程详见 附件1。 根据“电力系统排放因子计算工具”（04.0 版） ，BM 可按 m 个样本机组排放 因子的发电量加权平均求得，公式如下：
EGm,y EFEL,m,y EFgrid,BM, y m EGm,y
(5) (4)
F
i, j
i, j , y
Gas , y
iGAS , j
F
i, j , y
F
i, j
i, j , y
其中： Fi,j,y NCVi,y 是第 j 个省份在第 y 年的燃料 i 消耗量（质量或体积单位，其中固 体和液体燃料为吨，气体燃料为立方米） ； 是燃料 i 在第 y 年的净热值（固体和液体燃料为 GJ/t，气体燃料为 GJ/m3） ；
四、
排放因子数值 EFgrid,OM,y (tCO2/MWh) 华北区域电网 东北区域电网 华东区域电网 华中区域电网 西北区域电网 南方区域电网 1.0580 1.1281 0.8095 0.9724 0.9578 0.9183 EFgrid,BM,y (tCO2/MWh) 0.5410 0.5537 0.6861 0.4737 0.4512 0.4367
图解BP世界能源统计年鉴
图解BP世界能源统计年鉴随着全球人口的增长和经济的发展，能源需求和消耗持续增加。
为了更好地了解全球能源现状和发展趋势，英国石油公司（BP）每年都会发布BP世界能源统计年鉴（BP Statistical Review of World Energy）。
本文将以图解的形式，对BP世界能源统计年鉴中的主要内容进行呈现和解读。
BP世界能源统计年鉴是一本汇总了全球能源生产、消费、贸易和市场等方面数据的权威性出版物。
每年6月，BP公司会发布最新版本的统计年鉴，内容涵盖了全球180多个国家和地区的能源数据，包括石油、天然气、煤炭、可再生能源等。
该统计年鉴不仅为政策制定者提供了重要的决策依据，还为能源行业和研究机构提供了丰富的数据支持。
BP世界能源统计年鉴中的数据通过各种图表形式呈现，以下是一些主要数据的分析：BP统计年鉴展示了全球石油、天然气和煤炭等主要能源的储备情况。
从图1可以看出，全球石油储备量相对稳定，但天然气和煤炭的储备量在逐年增加。
这表明全球能源结构正在发生变化，清洁能源的需求日益增加。
图2展示了全球主要国家和地区的能源消费情况。
从图中可以看出，发达国家能源消费量普遍较低，而新兴经济体如中国和印度的能源消费量增长迅速。
这表明随着经济的发展，新兴经济体对能源的需求不断增加。
图3展示了国际市场上原油价格的变动情况。
从图中可以看出，2010年以来，原油价格波动较大，但整体上呈上涨趋势。
这可能是由于全球经济的复苏和供需关系的变化等因素导致的。
BP世界能源统计年鉴提供了全球能源生产、消费、贸易和市场等方面的详细数据，为政策制定者、能源行业和研究机构提供了重要的参考依据。
根据这些数据，我们可以得出以下全球能源结构正在发生变化，清洁能源的需求日益增加。
这表明未来全球能源的发展将更加注重环保和可持续发展。
随着经济的发展，新兴经济体对能源的需求不断增加。
这要求国际社会加强合作，推动能源供应的多元化和安全性。
原油价格受到多种因素的影响，包括全球经济状况、供需关系、地缘政治等。
2017版《BP世界能源统计年鉴》报告 中文版
40万桶/日，为2013年以来的最缓增速。
• 中东石油产量增加170万桶/日，增长主要
升0.3%。北美地区产量的下滑（-210亿 立方米）部分抵消了澳大利亚（190亿立 方米）和伊朗（130亿立方米）的强劲增 长。
• 天然气贸易上升4.8%，这得益于液化天
长。 太阳能虽然在可再生能源中的占比仅为 18%， 却贡献了约占三分之一的增长。
戴德立 集团首席执行官 2017年6月
2017年BP世界能源统计年鉴
1
2016年回顾
2016年，全球一次能源消费保持 低速增长；能源消费转向更低碳 4年增长1%与
2015年增长0.9%后，2016年增长1%。 相比之下，过去十年平均增长为1.8%。
12
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立方米，较2015年上涨7.1%——这是自 2010年以来的最大增幅。俄罗斯天然气 消费下滑在各国中最为显著（-120亿立方 米）。
• 全球天然气产量仅增加210亿立方米，上
长了14.1%， 低于十年平均水平， 但为有记录 以来最大增幅 （5300万吨油当量） 。
• 可再生能源增长中， 超过一半源于风能的增
2015年和2016年的石油市场消费生产05200515全球总增长2015201600051015202530年变化百万桶日05200515欧佩克成员国出口国进口国非欧佩克产油国2015201600051015202530中国煤炭产量和价格中国煤炭产量增长中国煤炭价格101986年变化199119962001200620112016510152040201301美元吨201401201501秦皇岛动力煤5500大卡千克2016012017016080100120位于英格兰的露天煤矿
我国产能过剩现状及去产能政策建议
我国产能过剩现状及去产能政策建议一、我国工业产能利用总体状况改革开放以来，我国经济社会快速发展，工业实力大幅增强。
2010年，中国超过美国成为世界上最大的制造业国家。
目前，在世界500多种主要工业产品中，中国有220多种产品产量居世界第一。
表1 2014年中国主要工业品生产规模及占世界总量的比重数据来源：国家统计局、工信部和各行业协会2014年，我国工业总体产能利用率约为78.7%，处于近4年来的较低水平，不少行业的产能利用情况令人担忧。
据有关统计显示，我国有19个制造业行业产能利用率都在79%以下，有7个行业的产能利用率在70%以下，属于严重过剩状态。
产能利用率过低的行业范围已经从钢铁、煤炭、水泥、电解铝等传统行业扩展到光伏、多晶硅、风电等新兴产业。
按照国际通行标准，产能利用率超过90%为产能不足，79%-90%为正常水平，低于79%为产能过剩，低于75%为严重产能过剩。
据此判断，目前我国工业总体处于产能过剩状态，部分行业已经属于严重产能过剩。
二、主要产能过剩行业的状况（一）钢铁行业1996年，我国粗钢产量突破1亿吨大关，首次成为全球第一产钢大国，此后粗钢产量持续增加，国际钢铁协会数据显示，至2014年我国粗钢产量高达8.227亿吨，占世界总产量的50.0%，是日本粗钢产量的7.4倍，美国的9.3倍，印度的9.9倍，俄罗斯的11.6倍，巴西的24倍。
2015年我国粗钢产量为8.038亿吨，下降2.3%，近30年来首次出现下降。
从产能利用程度来看，粗钢产能过剩是全球性问题，我国情况更严重，2015年我国粗钢产能利用率仅为67.0%，较2010年下降15个百分点，比全球平均水平低约3个百分点，处于严重产能过剩状态。
表2 中国及全球粗钢产能利用率变化趋势（单位：%）数据来源：工信部、国际钢铁协会（二）煤炭行业根据《BP世界能源统计年鉴2015》，2014年，我国煤炭产量38.7亿吨，占世界总产量的46.9%，占世界总消费量的50.6%，均高居世界第一位。
BP-公司发布2015-年世界能源统计年鉴
2015 年 7 月 25 ·65·BP 公司发布 2015 年世界能源统计年鉴钱伯章1能源综述年的消费增速均放缓，核电也是以高于平均水平速度增长的唯一燃料。
亚太地区、欧洲和欧亚大1.1总的能源发展态势陆以及中南美洲的消费增速显著低于 10 年平均BP 公司于 2015 年 6 月 10 日发布第 64 次“世水平。
石油仍然是世界领先的燃料，占全球能源界能源统计年鉴”，显示全球能源需求增速大幅消费的 32.6％，但已连续第 15 年失去市场份额。
放缓。
2014 年全球一次能源消费增长仅为0.9％，尽管新兴经济体继续主导全球能源消费增为自上世纪 90 年代末以来最慢的增长速度。
中长，这些国家的增速（+2.4％）远低于其 10 年的国仍是世界上最大的能源增长市场。
平均水平 4.2％。
中国（+2.6％）和印度（+7.1％）可再生能源再次是能源中增长最快的形式，为全球能源消费最大的增速。
经合组织国家的消并在 2014 年全球能源消费量增速大幅放缓时，费下降了 0.9％，比近期历史平均水平有较大的占了一次能源使用总量增加的三分之一。
可再生下降。
美国（+1.2％）连续第二年强劲增长，高能源提供了世界能源需求的 3％。
于欧盟（-3.9％）和日本（-3.0％）能源消费的下全球来自能源使用的二氧化碳排放量 2014降。
欧盟能源消费的下降是第二个最大的降幅纪年仅增长了0.5%,为自 1998 年以来最弱的排放。
录。
相对于其过去10年平均水平增长，本次增长放2014 年能源价格普遍疲软，全球原油和煤炭缓在很大程度上是由于中国经济增长速度和模价格下跌。
式的变化。
BP 公司首席经济学家斯宾塞戴尔发布世界2014 年所有燃料的消费均有增长，每一种燃料类型均达到创纪录的水平，除了核电外。
所有燃料的生产均有增加，除了煤炭以外。
对于石油和天然气，全球消费增长明显弱于产量。
新兴经济体占能源消费净增长的全部，这些国家虽然增长，仍远低于其10 年的平均水平。
BP2014年世界能源统计年鉴
BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2014/statisticalreview #BPstatsIntroduction1 Group chief executive’s introduction 22013 in reviewOil6 Reserves8 Production and consumption 15 Prices 16 Refining18Trade movementsNatural gas20 Reserves22 Production and consumption 27 Prices28 Trade movementsCoal30 Reserves and prices32 Production and consumptionNuclear energy35 ConsumptionHydroelectricity36 ConsumptionRenewable energy38 Other renewables consumption39 Biofuels productionPrimary energy40 Consumption41 Consumption by fuelAppendices44 Approximate conversion factors 44 Definitions45 More information63rd editionDisclaimerThe data series for proved oil and gas reserves in BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2014 does not necessarily meet the definitions, guidelines and practices used for determining proved reserves at company level, for instance, under UK accounting rules contained in the Statement of Recommended Practice,‘Accounting for Oil and Gas Exploration, Development, Production and Decommissioning Activities’ (UK SORP) or as published by the US Securities and Exchange Commission, nor does it necessarily represent BP’s view of proved reserves by country. Rather, the data series has been compiled using a combination of primary official sources and third-party data.Find more onlineFor 63 years, the BP Statistical Review of World Energy has provided high-quality objective and globally consistent data on world energy markets. The review is one of the most widely respected and authoritative publications in the field of energy economics, used for reference by the media, academia, world governments and energy companies. A new edition is published every June.Other features include:Energy economics blogRegular blogs on energy economics. /energyeconomicsEnergy OutlookWatch the BP Energy Outlook 2035 – January 2014 video, containing our projections of long-term energy trends./energyoutlookCharting toolY ou can view predetermined reports or chart specific data according to energy type, region and year./statisticalreview Join the conversation #BPstatsKey informationThe website contains all the tables and charts found in the latest printed edition, plus a number of extras, including:• Historical data from 1965 for many sections.• Additional data for natural gas, coal, hydroelectricity, nuclear energy, electricity and renewables.• An oil, natural gas and LNG conversion calculator.•PDF versions and PowerPoint slide packs of the charts, maps and graphs, plus an Excel workbook of the data.•R egional factsheets.•V ideos and speeches.The BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2014 is available online at /statisticalreviewAbout this review1Welcome to the 63rd edition of the BP Statistical Review of World Energy .The world of energy in 2013 echoed broader global themes – such as emerging differences in global economic performance, geopolitical uncertainty and ongoing debates about the proper roles of government and markets. These are important issues, and ones over which opinions vary widely, and legitimately. It has been said that everyone is entitled to their own opinion, but not their own facts. And that is where the Statistical Review comes in: since 1952, its mission has always been to provide objective, global data on energy markets to informdiscussion, debate and decision-making. This first snap-shot of the global energy picture in 2013 – together with the historical data that puts today’s information into context – can help us tounderstand how the world around us is changing.The year 2013 saw an acceleration in thegrowth of global energy consumption, despite a stagnant global economy. Economic growth remained weak nearly everywhere and relative to recent history it was weaker in the emerging non-OECD economies. In line with that economic pattern, energy consumption growth was below average in the non-OECD, driven by China, and above average in the mature economies of the OECD, driven by the US. Emerging economies nonetheless continue to dominate global energy demand, accounting for 80% of growth last year and nearly 100% of growth over the past decade. While consumption growth accelerated globally, it has remained below average – this is again, consistent with the weak global economicpicture. Regionally, energy consumption growth was below average everywhere except North America. EU consumption continued to decline, hitting the lowest level since 1995 (despite economic growth of 35% over this period). Energy production continued to be impacted by geopolitical events. Oil production in Libya suffered the world’s largest decline in the face of renewed civil unrest and the production of oil and gas was disrupted in a number of other countries as well. In the face of these disruptions and heightened risks to supply, average oil prices exceeded $100 per barrel for a third consecutive year, despite massive supply growth in the US.Supply developments also highlighted theimportance of our third topic, namely to get the balance right between policy and market forces. Driven by massive investment in shale and other ‘tight’ formations, the US saw the world’s largest increase in oil production last year, offsetting the numerous disruptions seen elsewhere andkeeping prices stable. Indeed, the US increase in 2013 was one of the biggest oil production increases the world has ever seen.Elsewhere, and after global coal prices have fallen for two years in a row, coal is extending its competitive edge in power generation and the competitive balance has begun to shift. Coal was the fastest-growing fossil fuel, with China and India combined accounting for 88% of global growth, while natural gas consumption growth decelerated and grew at a below-average rate. As was the case for total energy, gas consumption growth was below average in all regions except North America, whichcontinues to enjoy the cheapest prices among international markets.The importance of policy is also apparent in the strength of renewable forms of energy, which continued to grow robustly, albeit from a low base. Renewables now account for more than 5% of global power output and nearly 3% of primary energy consumption. The challenge of sustaining expensive subsidy regimes, however, has become visible where penetration rates are highest, namely the below-average growth of Europe’s leading renewable producers, who are grappling with weak economic growth and strained budgets.Once again, the data in this review shows a flexible global energy system adapting to achanging world. It demonstrates how the world’s quest for secure and fairly-priced energy can be met through competitive industries driving innovation and smart government policies that amplify the creative ‘energy’. At BP we remain focused on how to lead this process, delivering the growing energy requirements of ourcustomers, safely and sustainably. We do this by investing in our people and world-leadingtechnology, while exercising the capital discipline sought by our investors.I hope you will find this year’s Statistical Review a useful resource for a global perspective on energy.In concluding, let me thank BP’s economics team and all those around the world who have helped prepare this review – in particular those ingovernments in many countries who contribute their official data.Bob DudleyGroup Chief ExecutiveJune 2014Group chief executive’s introductionEnergy in 2013 – energy markets reflect broader themes.22013 in reviewConsumption and production increased for all fuels, reaching record levels for every fuel type except nuclear power. For each of the fossil fuels, global consumption rose more rapidly than production. The data suggests that growth in global CO 2 emissions from energy use also accelerated in 2013, although it remained below average.Emerging economies dominated global growth again, but the increase was below the ten-year average in these countries, and above average in the OECD. China once again had the largest growth increment, followed by the US.Consumption in the EU and Japan fell to the lowest levels since 1995 and 1993 respectively. Energy price developments in 2013 were mixed, generally rising in North America (except for coal) and falling elsewhere. The annual average price for Brent, the international crude oil benchmark, declined for the first time since 2009 butremained near record levels (in money-of-the-day as well as inflation-adjusted terms). This was the third consecutive year with the Brent average price above $100 per barrel. Crude oil pricesweakened in early 2013 amid strong growth of oil production in the US, but rebounded later in the year due to a range of supply disruptions and cold weather that boosted demand growth. The differential between Brent and the US benchmark West Texas Intermediate (WTI) narrowed but remained elevated.Natural gas prices rose in North America (for the first time since 2010) and the UK, but fell elsewhere. As with Brent – WTI, differentials between North American and international gas prices generally narrowed but remained elevated. Coal prices declined in all regions for a second consecutive year.Energy developmentsGlobal primary energy consumption increased by 2.3% in 2013, an acceleration over 2012 (+1.8%). Growth in 2013 accelerated for oil, coal, andnuclear power. But global growth remained below the 10-year average of 2.5%. All fuels except oil, nuclear power and renewables in powergeneration grew at below-average rates. Growth was below average for all regions except North America. Oil remains the world’s leading fuel, with 32.9% of global energy consumption, but it also continued to lose market share for the fourteenth consecutive year and its current market share is once again the lowest in our data set, which begins in 1965.Emerging economies accounted for 80% of the global increase in energy consumption – even though growth in these countries was a below average 3.1%. OECD consumption rose by an above-average 1.2%. Robust US growth (+2.9%) accounted for all of the net increase in the OECD and consumption in the EU and Japan fell by 0.3% and 0.6%, respectively. Spain (-5%) recorded the largest volumetric decline in energy consumption.Global primary energy consumption accelerated in 2013 despite stagnant global economic growth.+2.3%Growth in global primary energy consumption.China’s Hong Kong skyline. China was the world’s largest producer and consumer of energy overall in 2013.The Octavio Frias de Oliveira Bridge in Brazil – 24% of the world’s biofuels were produced in the country in 2013, making it the secondlargest producer.3+1.1m b/dGrowth of US oil production, the largest in the world.7m b/dChina’s net oil imports, the world’s largest.The Trans-Alaska Pipeline is more than 800 miles long and transports oil between Prudhoe Bay andValdez in the US.PricesDated Brent averaged $108.66 per barrel in 2013, a decline of $3.01 per barrel from the 2012 level. WTI continued to trade at a large discount to Brent ($10.67 per barrel), driven by growing US production. Since 2011, the WTI discount has averaged $14.81 per barrel, compared with an average premium of $1.39 per barrel for the preceding decade.Consumption and productionGlobal oil consumption grew by 1.4 million barrels per day (b/d), or 1.4% – this is just above the historical average. Countries outside the OECD now account for the majority (51%) of global oil consumption and they once again accounted for all of the net growth in global consumption. OECD consumption declined by 0.4%, theseventh decrease in the past eight years. The US (+400,000 b/d) recorded the largest increment to global oil consumption in 2013, outpacing Chinese growth (+390,000 b/d) for the first time since 1999. Light distillates were the fastest-growing refined product category by volume.Global oil production did not keep pace with the growth in global consumption, rising by just 560,000 b/d or 0.6%. The US (+1.1 million b/d) recorded the largest growth in the world and the largest annual increment in the country’s history for a second consecutive year. The US accounted for nearly all (96%) of the non-OPEC output increase of 1.2 million b/d (the strongest since 2002) to reach a record 50 million b/d. Increases in Canada (+210,000 b/d) and Russia (+150,000 b/d) offset declines in Syria (-120,000 b/d), theUK and Norway (-80,000 b/d each) and Australia (-70,000 b/d). OPEC output fell by 600,000 b/d, the first decline since 2009. Declines in Libya (-520,000 b/d), Iran (-190,000 b/d), Saudi Arabia (-110,000 b/d) and Nigeria(-100,000 b/d) outweighed an increase in the UAE (+250,000 b/d).Refining and tradeGlobal refinery crude runs increased by abelow-average 390,000 b/d or 0.5%. Non-OECD countries accounted for all of the net increase, rising by 730,000 b/d. OECD throughputs declined by 340,000 b/d, the seventh decline in the past nine years despite an increase of 320,000 b/d in US refinery runs, as the UScontinued to ramp up net product exports. Global refinery capacity utilization declined to 80.4%, the lowest since 1987, while global refining capacity increased by a robust 1.4 million b/d, with large capacity additions in China and Saudi Arabia outpacing capacity reductions in the Atlantic Basin and Japan.Global oil trade in 2013 grew by 2.1% or 1.2million b/d – among importers, growth in Europe and emerging economies more than offsetdeclines in the US and Japan. At 56.5 million b/d, trade accounted for 61.8% of global consumption, up from 58.3% a decade ago. US net imports fell by 1.4 million b/d to 6.5 million b/d – just over half the level of net imports seen in 2005 and the lowest level since 1988. China’s net oil imports reached 7 million b/d, surpassing the US as the world’s largest net oil importer.4+2.7%Growth in North American gas consumption,the only region with above-average growth.+1.1%Growth in global gas production.Consumption and productionWorld natural gas consumption grew by 1.4%,below the historical average of 2.6%. And, as wasthe case for primary energy, consumption growthwas above average in the OECD countries(+1.8%) and below average outside the OECD(+1.1%). Growth was below average in everyregion except North America. China (+10.8%)and the US (+2.4%) recorded the largest growthincrements in the world, together accounting for81% of global growth. India (-12.2%) recorded thelargest volumetric decline in the world, while EUgas consumption fell to the lowest level since1999. Globally, natural gas accounted for 23.7%of primary energy consumption.Global natural gas production grew by 1.1%,which was well below the 10-year average of2.6%. Growth was below average in all regionsexcept Europe and Eurasia. The US (+1.3%)remained the world’s leading producer, but bothRussia (+2.4%) and China (+9.5%) recorded largergrowth increments in 2013. Nigeria (-16.4%), India(-16.3%), and Norway (-5%) recorded the largestvolumetric declines.TradeGlobal natural gas trade grew by 1.8% in 2013,well below the historical average of 5.2%.Pipeline shipments grew by 2.3%, driven bya 12% increase in net Russian exports, whichoffset declines in Algeria (-17.9%), Norway(-4.5%) and Canada (-5.5%). Among importers,growth in Germany (+14%) and China (+32.4%)more than offset a continued decline in the US(-10.9%). Global LNG trade rebounded by 0.6%in 2013. Increased imports in South Korea(+10.7%), China (+22.9%), and South and CentralAmerican importers (+44.7%) were partiallyoffset by lower imports in Spain (-35.6%), theUK (-31.9%) and France (-19.4%). Qatar remainedthe largest LNG exporter (32% of global exports),and accounted for the largest growth increment(+2.7%). LNG’s share of global gas tradedeclined slightly to 31.4% – and internationalnatural gas trade accounted for 30.9% ofglobal consumption.The Min Rong tanker berthed at Tangguhliquefied natural gas (LNG) plant in Indonesia.Indonesia is the second largest natural gasproducer in Asia.The Shah Deniz platform in the Caspian Sea.Natural gas is the leading fuel in Europeand Eurasia.5+3.0%Growth in global coal consumption, the fastest growing fossil fuel.+0.9%Growth in global nuclear output, the first increase since 2010.5.3%Share of global power generationmet by renewables.AcknowledgementsWe would like to express our sincere gratitude to the many contacts worldwide who provide the publicly available data for this publication, and to the researchers at the Heriot-WattUniversity Energy Academy who assist in the data compilation.Goshen Wind Farm in Idaho. Global wind power generation grew by 21% in 2013.Coal ready for shipping. Coal was the fastest growing fossil fuel and its consumption grewby 3% in 2013.In detailAdditional information – including historical time series for the fuelsreported in this review; further detail on renewable forms of energy; electricity generation; and CO 2 emissions from energy use – is available at /statisticalreviewCoalCoal consumption grew by 3% in 2013, well below the 10-year average of 3.9% but it is still the fastest-growing fossil fuel. Coal’s share of global primary energy consumption reached 30.1%, the highest since 1970. Consumptionoutside the OECD rose by a below-average 3.7%, but still accounted for 89% of global growth. China recorded the weakest absolute growth since 2008 but the country still accounted for 67% of global growth. India experienced its second largest volumetric increase on record and accounted for 21% of global growth. OECD consumption increased by 1.4%, with increases in the US and Japan offsetting declines in the EU. Global coal production grew by 0.8%, the weakest growth since 2002. Indonesia (+9.4%) andAustralia (+7.3%) offset a decline in the US (-3.1%), while China (+1.2%) recorded the weakest volumetric growth in production since 2000.Nuclear and hydroelectricGlobal nuclear output grew by 0.9%, the first increase since 2010. Increases in the US, China and Canada were partly offset by declines in South Korea, Ukraine, Spain and Russia.Japanese output fell by 18.6% and has fallen by 95% since 2010. Nuclear output accounted for 4.4% of global energy consumption, the smallest share since 1984.Global hydroelectric output grew by a below-average 2.9%. Led by China and India, theAsia-Pacific region accounted for 78% of global growth. Drought conditions reduced output in Brazil by 7% and in Finland, Norway and Sweden by a combined 14.5%. Hydroelectric outputaccounted for 6.7% of global energy consumption.RenewablesRenewable energy sources – in power generation as well as transport – continued to increase in 2013, reaching a record 2.7% of global energy consumption, up from 0.8% a decade ago. Renewable energy used in power generation grew by 16.3% and accounted for a record 5.3% of global power generation. China recorded the largest incremental growth in renewables, followed by the US, while growth in Europe’s leading players – Germany, Spain and Italy – was below average. Globally, wind energy (+20.7%) once again accounted for more than half of renewable power generation growth and solar power generation grew even more rapidly(+33%), but from a smaller base. Global biofuels production grew by a below-average 6.1% (80,000 b/doe), driven by increases in the two largest producers: Brazil (+16.8%) and the US (+4.6%).Oil Array *More than 100 years.†Less than 0.05.◆Less than 0.05%.‡Excludes Former Soviet Union.#Excludes Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in 1993.Notes:Proved reserves of oil – Generally taken to be those quantities that geological and engineering information indicates with reasonable certainty can be recovered in the future from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions.Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratio – If the reserves remaining at the end of any year are divided by the production in that year, the result is the length of time that those remaining reserves would last if production were to continue at that rate.Source of data – The estimates in this table have been compiled using a combination of primary official sources, third-party data from the OPEC Secretariat, World Oil, Oil & Gas Journal and an independent estimate of Russian and Chinese reserves based on information in the public domain.Canadian oil sands ‘under active development’ are an official estimate. Venezuelan Orinoco Belt reserves are based on the OPEC Secretariat and government announcements.Reserves include gas condensate and natural gas liquids (NGLs) as well as crude oil.Shares of total and R/P ratios are calculated using thousand million barrels figures.6763.68.847.92.57.713.619.52013T otal 1687.9thousand millionbarrels2003T otal 1334.1thousand millionbarrels7.58.78.03.055.916.91993T otal 1041.4thousand millionbarrels11.63.75.97.57.7Distribution of proved reserves in 1993, 2003 and 2013PercentageMiddle EastS. & Cent. America North America Europe & Eurasia AfricaAsia PacificTotal world proved oil reserves reached 1687.9 billion barrels at the end of 2013, sufficient to meet 53.3 years of global production. The largest additions to reserves came from Russia, adding 900 million barrels and Venezuela adding 800 million barrels. OPEC members continue to hold the majority of reserves, accounting for 71.9% of the global total. South & Central America continues to hold the highest R/P ratio. Over the past decade, global proved reserves have increased by 27%, or over 350 billion barrels.83889398030813HistoryReserves-to-production (R/P) ratiosYearsProduction**Includes crude oil, tight oil, oil sands and NGLs (the liquid content of natural gas where this is recovered separately). Excludes liquid fuels from other sources such as biomass and derivatives of coal and natural gas.‡Excludes Former Soviet Union.Notes: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using million tonnes per annum figures.Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.8*Inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol), biodiesel and derivatives of coal and natural gas arealso included.◆L ess than 0.05%.Notes: Differences between these world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitutefuels, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data.Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using million tonnes per annum figures.Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.9*Includes crude oil, tight oil, oil sands and NGLs (the liquid content of natural gas where this is recovered separately). Excludes liquid fuels from other sources such as biomass and derivatives of coal and natural gas.‡Excludes Former Soviet Union.Note: Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.10*Inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol), biodiesel and derivatives of coal and natural gas arealso included.◆L ess than 0.05%.Notes: Differences between these world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels,and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data.Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.1112100Consumption by regionMillion barrels dailyProduction by regionMillion barrels dailyWorld oil production increased by just 560,000 b/d in 2013, less than half the growth of global consumption. Global consumption grew by an above-average 1.4 million b/d, with emerging economies accounting for all of the net increase. Even so, the US had the biggest increase in the world for consumption, as well as production, which grew by 400,000 b/d and 1.1 million b/d respectively. OPEC output fell by 600,000 b/d, driven by a decline of 520,000 b/d in Libya.Consumption per capita 2013TonnesRegional consumption by product group◆L ess than 0.05%.Notes: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures.‘Light distillates’ consists of aviation and motor gasolines and light distillate feedstock (LDF).‘Middle distillates’ consists of jet and heating kerosenes, and gas and diesel oils (including marine bunkers).‘Fuel oil’ includes marine bunkers and crude oil used directly as fuel.‘Others’ consists of refinery gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), solvents, petroleum coke, lubricants, bitumen, wax, other refined products and refinery fuel and loss.1314Fuel oilProduct consumption by regionMillion barrels dailyOthersMiddle distillatesLight distillatesUS Gulf Coast product pricesUS dollars per barrelRotterdam product pricesUS dollars per barrelSource: Platts.Source: Platts.151861-1944 US average.1945-1983 Arabian Light posted at Ras Tanura.1984-2013 Brent dated.$ 2013$ money of the dayCrude oil prices 1861-2013US dollars per barrel World eventsSpot crude prices197712.3813.9214.2114.22197813.0314.0213.6514.55197929.7531.6129.2525.08198035.6936.8336.9837.96198134.3235.9336.1836.08198231.8032.9733.2933.65198328.7829.5529.5430.30198428.0628.7828.1429.39198527.5327.5627.7527.98198613.1014.4314.4615.10198716.9518.4418.3919.18198813.2714.9215.0015.97198915.6218.2318.3019.68199020.4523.7323.8524.50199116.6320.0020.1121.54199217.1719.3219.6120.57199314.9316.9717.4118.45199414.7415.8216.2517.21199516.1017.0217.2618.42199618.5220.6721.1622.16199718.2319.0919.3320.61199812.2112.7212.6214.39199917.2517.9718.0019.31200026.2028.5028.4230.37200122.8124.4424.2325.93200223.7425.0225.0426.16200326.7828.8328.6631.07200433.6438.2738.1341.49200549.3554.5255.6956.59200661.5065.1467.0766.02200768.1972.3974.4872.20200894.3497.26101.43100.06200961.3961.6763.3561.92201078.0679.5081.0579.452011106.18111.26113.6595.042012109.08111.67114.2194.132013105.47108.66111.9597.99*1976-1985 Arabian Light, 1986-2013 Dubai dated. Source: Platts.†1976-1983 Forties, 1984-2013 Brent dated.‡1976-1983 Posted WTI prices, 1984-2013 Spot WTI (Cushing) prices.*Atmospheric distillation capacity on a calendar-day basis. Source: Includes data from ICIS ATEC.◆L ess than 0.05%.Note: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures.Refinery throughputsNote: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures.1617PercentageGlobal crude runs grew by 0.4 million b/d in 2013, with increases in China, India and the US more than offsetting declines in Europe and Other Asia Pacific. Global refining capacity grew by 1.4 million b/d, led by additions in China and the Middle East. Global average refinery utilization slipped to 80.4%, the lowest since 1987.Regional refining marginsUS dollars per barrelNote: The refining margins presented are benchmark margins for three major global refining centres: US Gulf Coast (USGC), North West Europe (NWE – Rotterdam) and Singapore. In each case they are based on a single crude oil appropriate for that region and have optimized product yields based on a generic refinery configuration (cracking, hydrocracking or coking), again appropriate for that region. The margins are on a semi-variable basis, i.e. the margin after all variable costs and fixed energy costs.。
BP-公司发布2015-年世界能源统计年鉴
2015 年 7 月 25·65·BP 公司发布 2015 年世界能源统计年鉴钱伯章1 能源综述年的消费增速均放缓，核电也是以高于平均水平速度增长的唯一燃料。
亚太地区、欧洲和欧亚大1.1 总的能源发展态势陆以及中南美洲的消费增速显著低于10年平均BP 公司于 2015 年 6 月 10 日发布第 64 次“世水平。
石油仍然是世界领先的燃料，占全球能源界能源统计年鉴”，显示全球能源需求增速大幅消费的32.6％，但已连续第15年失去市场份额。
放缓。
2014年全球一次能源消费增长仅为0.9％，尽管新兴经济体继续主导全球能源消费增为自上世纪90年代末以来最慢的增长速度。
中长，这些国家的增速（+2.4％）远低于其10年的国仍是世界上最大的能源增长市场。
平均水平4.2％。
中国（+2.6％）和印度（+7.1％）可再生能源再次是能源中增长最快的形式，为全球能源消费最大的增速。
经合组织国家的消并在2014年全球能源消费量增速大幅放缓时，费下降了0.9％，比近期历史平均水平有较大的占了一次能源使用总量增加的三分之一。
可再生下降。
美国（+1.2％）连续第二年强劲增长，高能源提供了世界能源需求的3％。
于欧盟（-3.9％）和日本（-3.0％）能源消费的下全球来自能源使用的二氧化碳排放量2014 降。
欧盟能源消费的下降是第二个最大的降幅纪年仅增长了0.5%, 为自1998年以来最弱的排放。
录。
相对于其过去10 年平均水平增长，本次增长放2014 年能源价格普遍疲软，全球原油和煤炭缓在很大程度上是由于中国经济增长速度和模价格下跌。
式的变化。
BP 公司首席经济学家斯宾塞戴尔发布世界2014 年所有燃料的消费均有增长，每一种燃料类型均达到创纪录的水平，除了核电外。
所有燃料的生产均有增加，除了煤炭以外。
对于石油和天然气，全球消费增长明显弱于产量。
新兴经济体占能源消费净增长的全部，这些国家虽然增长，仍远低于其10年的平均水平。
BP世界能源统计年鉴2006(Excel)
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2006BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2006 This workbook contains information presented in the 2006BP Statistical Review of World Energy, which can be found on theinternet at:/statisticalreviewPlease use the contents or the tabs at the bottom to navigate between the tables. Oil: Proved reservesOil: Proved reserves - barrels (from 1980)Oil: Production – barrels (from 1965)Oil: Production – tonnes (from 1965)Oil: Consumption – barrels (from 1965)Oil: Consumption – tonnes (from 1965)Oil: Regional consumption – by product group (from 1965)Oil: Spot crude pricesOil: Crude prices since 1861Oil: Refinery capacities (from 1965)Oil: Refinery throughputs (from 1980)Oil: Regional refining margins (from 1992)Oil: Trade movements (from 1980)Oil: Inter-area movementsOil: Imports and exportsGas: Proved reservesGas: Proved reserves - bcm (from 1980)Gas: Production – bcm (from 1970)Gas: Production – bcf (from 1970)Gas: Production – Mtoe (from 1970)Gas: Consumption – bcm (from 1965)Gas: Consumption – bcf (from 1965)Gas: Consumption – Mtoe (from 1965)Gas: Trade movements pipelineGas: Trade movements LNGGas: PricesCoal: ReservesCoal: Production - tonnes (from 1981)Coal: Production - Mtoe (from 1981)Coal: Consumption - Mtoe (from 1965)Coal: PricesNuclear Energy – Consumption TWh (from 1965)Nuclear Energy – Consumption Mtoe (from 1965)Hydroelectricity – Consumption TWh (from 1965)Hydroelectricity – Consumption Mtoe (from 1965)Primary Energy: Consumption Mtoe (from 1965)Primary Energy: Consumption by fuel type MtoeElectricity Generation TWh (from 1990)Approximate conversion factorsDefinitions。
BP世界能源统计
2%
0%
2008 2009
2003-07
2008
2009
© BP 2010
பைடு நூலகம் Primary Energy Consumption
Growth 2009, Mtoe
300 Oil 200 100 0 -100 -200 -300 World
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2010
© BP 2010
Source: includes data from the EIA and Baker Hughes. BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2010
3
2
4 2 0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 ytd
Source: includes data from Parpinelli Technon and ESAI. BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2010
1
0 2006 2007 2008 2009
OECD
-2 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
78%
2008
2009
© BP 2010
Source: includes data from Parpinelli-Technon and ESAI. BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2010
Natural Gas Market
$/Mmbtu
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2002
Gas prices
AGIP Henry Hub
Bcm 40
2014年BP世界能源统计年鉴解读
2014年BP世界能源统计年鉴解读亚化咨询认为，基于BP发布的《2014年世界能源统计报告》相关数据，在2013年，全球能源需求增长低于历史平均水平，反映出全球经济的增长乏力。
中国煤炭消费占据能源消耗的主导地位，在未来20年无法发生根本性改变。
由于过去几年煤炭产能增长较快，且中国政府下决心治理雾霾，调整产业结构，因此煤炭价格将较长时期处于低迷状态。
同时，中国已经是世界最大的CO2排放国，国际气候变化谈判时将遇到更大压力。
可以预计，煤炭清洁高效转化，以及CO2的捕集和利用将更加受到重视。
●截至2013年底，世界石油探明储量为16879亿桶，可以满足全球53.3年的生产需要。
中国石油探明储量为181亿桶（25亿吨），占世界石油探明储量的1.1%，储采比为11.9年。
●截至2013年底，全球天然气探明储量为185.7万亿立方米，可以满足全球55.1年的生产需要。
中国天然气探明储量为3.3万亿立方米（115.6万亿立方米英尺），占世界天然气探明储量1.8%，储采比为28.0年。
●截至2013年底，全球煤炭探明储量为8915亿吨，可以保证全球113年的生产需要。
美国、俄罗斯和中国是世界上煤炭探明储量前三的国家。
2013年底，中国煤炭探明储量为1145亿吨（无烟煤和烟煤为622亿吨，次烟煤和褐煤为523亿吨），占世界煤炭探明储量的12.8%，储采比为31年。
●在中国，煤炭仍然占据一次能源供应的绝对主导地位，份额高达67.5%。
2013年中国煤炭产量为36.8亿吨（18.4亿吨油当量），比2012年增加1.2%，占世界煤炭产量的47.4%。
2013年煤炭消费为19.25亿吨油当量，比2012年增加4.0%，占世界煤炭消费量的50.3%。
●2013年中国CO2排放量为95.24亿吨，比2012年增加4.2%，占世界CO2排放量的27.1%。
中国已经是世界最大的CO2排放国。
2014年6月，BP发布了《2014年世界能源统计报告》。
《BP世界能源统计年鉴》(2015中文版)
储量所使用的定义、指南或做法：例如美国证券交易委员会（SEC）所发布的用来确定探明储量所使用的定义、指南或
做法。这些数据也并不一定代表BP公司对各国探明储量的看法。 际上，这些数据 列的 制 合 一 的 资
料和
数据。
集团首席执行官的致辞
: 2014 能源行业变 之年
进BP世界能源统计年 2014年是能源 世界不 常的一年。 64 能源统计年 录 的 是2014年的数据。
2014年 前的 年，能源世界有 异的 ；
年，这
然 。然 ， 不 到
或焦 。 际上，对于一
能源行业 十
多年的
， 为2014年经 的 和不确
定性标 对常 的 。
异常 。全球天然气 也
， 源于欧
洲暖
的天然气消费 下滑。可再生能源
然是
的能源，占全球新 一次能源使用量
的 分之一。可再生能源占全球能源需求的3%。
的
变化。2014年，全球一次能源消费
0.9%，这
是 十年代 以来除亚洲
时期 的 低
。 于中国经济结 转 ，经济 的
从
能源
行业转 ， 能源消费需求
1998年以来的 低 。 如 ，从全球 来看，
中国 是能源需求
的国家。
德立 行
2015年6月
如 所看到的，这些供需 面的变化对能源价
格（ 其是石油价格）有非常 的 。油价下
在 或离 查看数据。
可在 果和
下。
其他信息包括:
表 可以按 能源类 、地
或根据特定数据制 /statisticalreview
和年份来查看 。
能源 看BP2035世界能源 2015年2月的 ，包括
源的 /energyoutlook
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BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2014
BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2014
This workbook contains information presented in the 2014
BP Statistical Review of World Energy, which can be found on the
internet at:
Please use the contents or the tabs at the bottom to navigate between the tables. Oil: Proved reserves
Oil: Proved reserves - Barrels (from 1980)
Oil: Production – Barrels (from 1965)
Oil: Production – Tonnes (from 1965)
Oil: Consumption – Barrels (from 1965)
Oil: Consumption – Tonnes (from 1965)
Oil: Regional consumption – by product group (from 1965)
Oil: Spot crude prices
Oil: Crude prices since 1861
Oil: Refinery capacities (from 1965)
Oil: Refinery throughputs (from 1980)
Oil: Regional refining margins (from 1992)
Oil: Trade movements (from 1980)
Oil: Inter-area movements
Oil: Imports and exports
Gas: Proved reserves
Gas: Proved reserves - Bcm (from 1980)
Gas: Production – Bcm (from 1970)
Gas: Production – Bcf (from 1970)
Gas: Production – Mtoe (from 1970)
Gas: Consumption – Bcm (from 1965)
Gas: Consumption – Bcf (from 1965)
Gas: Consumption – Mtoe (from 1965)
Gas: Trade movements pipeline
Gas: Trade movements LNG
Gas: Trade 2012-2013
Gas: Prices
Coal: Reserves
Coal: Prices
Coal: Production - Tonnes (from 1981)
Coal: Production - Mtoe (from 1981)
Coal: Consumption - Mtoe (from 1965)
Nuclear Energy – Consumption - TWh (from 1965)
Nuclear Energy – Consumption - Mtoe (from 1965)
Hydroelectricity – Consumption - TWh (from 1965)
Hydroelectricity – Consumption - Mtoe (from 1965)
Renewables - Other renewables consumption -Twh (from 1965)
Renewables - Other renewables consumption - Mtoe (from 1965)
Renewables - Solar consumption - TWh (from 1965)
Renewables - Solar consumption - Mtoe (from 1965)
Renewables - Wind consumption - TWh (from 1965)
Renewables - Wind consumption - Mtoe (from 1965)
Renewables - Geothermal, Biomass and Other - TWh (from 1965)
Renewables - Geothermal, Biomass and Other - Mtoe (from 1965)
Renewables - Biofuels production - Kboe/d (from 1965)
Renewables - Biofuels production - Ktoe (from 1965)
Primary Energy: Consumption - Mtoe (from 1965)
Primary Energy: Consumption by fuel type - Mtoe (2012-2013)
Electricity Generation - TWh (from 1985)
Carbon Dioxide Emissions (from 1965)
Renewable Energy - Geothermal (Installed capacity)
Renewable Energy - Solar (Installed capacity)
Renewable Energy - Wind (Installed capacity)
Approximate conversion factors
Definitions。