考博英语历年真题试卷
考博士英语试题及答案
考博士英语试题及答案一、词汇和语法（共20分，每题2分）1. The word "innovate" is most closely related to which of the following?A. CreateB. ImitateC. DuplicateD. Annihilate答案：A2. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She has been working here since she graduated.B. She has been working here since she graduated from university.C. She has been working here since she graduated university.D. She has been working here since she was graduated.答案：B3. The correct usage of the word "subsequent" is demonstrated in which sentence?A. The subsequent event was unexpected.B. The subsequent events were unexpected.C. The subsequent event was not expected.D. The subsequent events were not expected.答案：B4. What is the antonym of "abundant"?A. ScarceB. AbundantC. PlentifulD. Ample答案：A5. The phrase "at the mercy of" means:A. To be in a position of power.B. To be controlled by someone or something.C. To show mercy to someone.D. To be in a state of uncertainty.答案：B...二、阅读理解（共30分，每篇阅读5题，每题2分）Passage 1[文章内容略]6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]7. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]8. The author's attitude towards the subject can be best described as:A. SkepticalB. OptimisticC. NeutralD. Pessimistic答案：[正确答案]9. What does the term "paradigm shift" refer to in the context of the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]10. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案][其他Passage及问题略]三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）[文章内容略]11. The blank [ ] should be filled with:A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]12. The word that best completes the sentence is:A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]...四、翻译（共20分，每题5分）13. Translate the following sentence into English: [中文句子]答案：[英文翻译]14. Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: [英文句子]答案：[中文翻译]...五、写作（共10分）15. Write an essay of about 300 words on the topic "The Impact of Technology on Education".[写作指导略][学生作文略]注意：以上试题及答案仅为示例，实际考试内容会有所不同。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编39(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编39(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．As its______grew, funds began to accumulate and the union got more and more powerful.A．recruitB．sizeC．membershipD．expansion正确答案：C解析：membership n.会员数；全体会员(如：The membership of the club is now 500．The society has a large membership．)。
recruit n．新兵，新成员。
size n.大小，尺寸，尺码。
expansion n．扩大，扩充；扩张，膨胀。
2．Little boys seem to enjoy______ train sets more than little girls.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)A．captureB．departureC．fixtureD．miniature正确答案：D解析：本题是说，小男孩看上去比小女孩更喜欢小型的火车装置。
D项“miniature缩小的”符合题意。
其他三项“capture捕获；departure出发；fixture 固定设备”都不正确。
3．Concerned people want to______ the risk of developing cancer.(2002年春季上海交通大学考博试题)A．takeB．decreaseC．minimizeD．claimed正确答案：C解析：本题中，take the risk of doing sth．的意思是“冒险做……”；decrease 的意思是“降低”；minimize的意思是“减到最少”；claimed的意思是“声称、主张”。
考博士英语试题及答案
考博士英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. 阅读下列短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。
（每题2分，共10分）[短文内容略](1) What is the main idea of the passage?(2) What does the author suggest about the future of technology?(3) Why are some people hesitant to adopt new technologies?(4) What is the role of education in technological advancement?(5) How can individuals contribute to the development of technology?2. 阅读以下文章，然后根据文章内容选择最佳答案。
（每题2分，共10分）[文章内容略](1) A(2) B(3) C(4) D(5) E3. 阅读以下文章，并根据文章内容回答问题。
（每题3分，共20分） [文章内容略](1) What is the primary purpose of the article?(2) How does the author describe the impact of globalization?(3) What are some of the challenges faced by developing countries?(4) What solutions does the author propose to address the issues?(5) What is the author's conclusion regarding the futureof globalization?二、词汇与语法（共30分）1. 根据句子意思，选择正确的词汇填空。
医学考博英语试题及答案
医学考博英语试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分，每题1分）1. The new drug is reported to be effective in treating_______.A. hypertensionB. hypotensionC. hyperactivityD. hypoactivity答案：A2. The patient's condition has been stable since the _______ of the medication.A. administrationB. admissionC. communicationD. commutation答案：A3. The doctor advised the patient to avoid _______ foods.A. allergenicB. allergicC. allergenD. allergy答案：A4. The _______ of the surgery was successful, but thepatient's recovery was slow.A. executionB. implementationC. performanceD. operation答案：D5. The _______ of the disease is influenced by genetic factors.A. progressionB. regressionC. transmissionD. transition答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分，每篇5分）Passage 1Recent studies have shown that a balanced diet can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease. Experts recommend consuming a variety of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. It is also important to limit the intake of salt, sugar, and saturated fats.5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of a balanced dietB. The role of fruits and vegetables in heart healthC. The dangers of salt, sugar, and saturated fatsD. The benefits of lean proteins and healthy fats答案：A6. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT recommended for heart health?A. Consuming a variety of fruits and vegetablesB. Eating whole grainsC. Limiting the intake of salt and sugarD. Eating large amounts of saturated fats答案：DPassage 2The use of electronic health records (EHRs) has increased significantly in recent years. EHRs provide a comprehensive view of a patient's medical history, which can improve the quality of care. However, the implementation of EHRs also presents challenges, such as ensuring data privacy and security.7. What is the main advantage of EHRs mentioned in the passage?A. They provide a complete medical historyB. They improve patient-doctor communicationC. They reduce medical errorsD. They lower healthcare costs答案：A8. What challenge is associated with the use of EHRs?A. Ensuring data privacy and securityB. Training medical staff to use the systemC. Maintaining the hardware for the systemD. Complying with legal regulations答案：A三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）In recent years, telemedicine has become increasingly popular as a means of providing medical care to patients in remoteareas. This approach allows doctors to consult with patients via video conference, 9. which can save both time and money. Telemedicine can also 10. provide access to specialized care that may not be available locally.9. A. therebyB. moreoverC. howeverD. otherwise答案：A10. A. potentiallyB. actuallyC. certainlyD. occasionally答案：A四、翻译（共30分，每题15分）将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编36.doc
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编36(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on ______(2005年春季电子科技大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.consciousnessB.impulseC.instinctD.response2.The university has sought to ______ a special fund for physically disabled students. (2008年北京航空航天大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.administerplimentC.performD.institute3.For many people, overeating and overspending are as ______ to Christmas as candles and holly.(2002年厦门大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.integralB.suitableC.inevitablepatible4.She did not go out because of the ______cold.（分数：2.00）A.tenseB.intenseC.intensiveD.extensive5.Efforts to reach the injured men have been ______ because of a sudden deterioration in weather conditions.(2002年武汉大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.enforcedB.intensifiedC.continuedD.strengthened6.As the pressure______the liquid rock is forced up through channels in the resistant rock to the earth's surface.(2003年南开大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.intensifiesB.magnifiesC.heightensD.deviates7.The patient's health failed to such an extent that he was put into______care.（分数：2.00）A.intensiveB.rigidC.tenseD.tight8.Charles has not the least______ of giving up his research.（分数：2.00）A.intentionB.ideaC.play9.She felt offended at my remarks, but it wasn't my______to hurt her.(2002年武汉大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.intentB.schemeC.intentionD.meaning10.Whatever the questions he really wanted to ask at the reprocessing plant, though, he would never allow his personal feelings to ______with an assignment(2007年3月中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.interruptB.botherC.interfereD.intervene11.The poor reception on your TV is probably due to outside______.（分数：2.00）A.interferenceB.inaccessibilityC.interruptionD.irregularity12.The old man______the events of the time in accordance with his peculiar ideas.（分数：2.00）A.understoodB.forecastC.toldD.interpreted13.In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to ______ dreams were likely to be highly respected.(2005年春季电子科技大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.interpretB.interveneC.inheritD.impact14.It's rude to______people when they are speaking.（分数：2.00）A.interruptB.disruptC.interfereD.intervene15.Because of her dual nationality in the United States and Mexico, Maria was almost required to pay taxes in both countries until her accountant______ with a satisfactory solution for both countries.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.interceptedB.interactedC.interpretedD.intervened16.He was very angry. He refused to give any______ to journalists.（分数：2.00）A.chanceB.opportunityC.interviewD.audience17.When one calls a man "Jack" instead of "Mr. Hill", he is on ______ terms with him.（分数：2.00）B.regularC.formalD.intimate18.A stateless young man may have felt______ after having been denied asylum and right of residence by many countries.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.intriguedB.initiatedC.indicatedD.intimidated19.The novel's unusual name______ me, so I bought one without hesitation.(2007年中国矿业大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.invertedB.invadedC.intervenedD.intriguedmunication orally involves more than reading or talking: gesture, posture, movements may all be ______to it.(2002年10月中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.intrinsicB.coherentC.appealingD.submissive21.Diamonds have little______value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.(2011年四川大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.extinctB.permanentC.surplusD.intrinsic22.A new system of quality control was ______to overcome the defects in the firm's products.（分数：2.00）A.installedB.insertedC.introducedD.admitted23.It is very strange but I had an ______ that the plane would crash.(2011年四川大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.inspirationB.intuitionC.imaginationD.incentive24.AIDS is causing great public concern because the ______ fatal disease hits primarily young people.(2002年中国人民大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.invariablyB.imperativelyC.transientlyD.deceptively25.In March Israel launched a major ______ of Lebanon, seizing about 10 percent of the land.（分数：2.00）A.intrusionC.invasionD.aggression。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编50(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编50(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Our manager is so______ in his thinking, he never listens to new ideas.(2013年厦门大学考博试题)A．stiffB．rigidC．tenseD．tight正确答案：B解析：四个选项的意思分别是stiff僵硬的，不灵活的；rigid<人>[在……方面]固执的，顽固的；tense拉紧的，绷紧的：tight严厉的，吝啬的。
句意是，我们经理对自己的想法非常固执，从来听不见新的想法。
根据句意推出正确答案是B选项。
2．America has now adopted more ______ European-style inspection systems, and the incidence of food poisoning is falling.(2014年厦门大学考博试题) A．discreteB．solemnC．rigorousD．autonomous正确答案：C解析：句意为：现在美国已经采用了更加严密的欧式检测系统，食物中毒发生率正在下降。
根据句意，只有C项rigorous“严密的，严格的”符合句意，故选C项。
A项意为“分离的”；B项意为“庄严的”；D项意为“自治的”，均不符合句意。
3．She has______ideas about becoming a famous actress.A．childishB．illusoryC．novelD．romantic正确答案：D解析：romantic a．不切实际的，爱空想的；浪漫的，传奇的(如：A romantic person likes to imagine things．Don’t be carried away with romantic notions．A romantic story is one about love or adventure．)。
博士生英语试题及答案
博士生英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. The word "phenomenon" is most closely related to which of the following?A. AppearanceB. EventC. PhenomenonD. Fact2. Which of the following is the correct usage of "affect"?A. The weather will affect tomorrow.B. The weather will be affected by tomorrow.C. The weather will affect tomorrow's plans.D. The weather will be affected to tomorrow's plans. ...10. In the sentence "He is one of the most talented students in the class," the word "talented" refers to:A. GiftedB. EducatedC. SkilledD. Trained答案：1. C2. C...10. A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The _______ of the new policy has caused a lot of controversy.A. implementationB. introductionC. executionD. application2. Despite his _______, he managed to finish the project on time.A. illnessB. healthC. sicknessD. disease...10. The _______ of the experiment was to determine the effects of different variables.A. purposeB. goalC. aimD. target答案：1. B2. A...10. C三、阅读理解（每篇5分，共20分）阅读以下文章，回答后面的问题。
考博英语(完形填空)历年真题试卷汇编6.doc
考博英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编6(总分：90.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：4，分数：90.00)（北京大学2006年试题） Last year French drivers killed【1】than 5,000 people on the roads for the first time in decades. Credit goes largely【2】the 1,000 automated radar cameras planted on the nation's highways since 2003, which experts reckon【3】3,000 lives last year. Success, of course breeds success; the government plants to install 500【4】radar devices this year. So it goes with surveillance these days. Europeans used to look at the security cameras posted in British cities, subways and buses【5】the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe. But last year's London bombing, in which video cameras【6】a key role in identifying the perpetrators, have helped spur a sea change. A month【7】the London attacks, half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet providers and telecoms to store all e-mail, internet and phone data for "anti-terror"【8】In a British poll, 73 percent of respondents said they were【9】to give up some civil liberty to improve【10】.（分数：20.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________（北京大学2006年试题）Any parent with a child【1】the ages of 3 and 11 can tell you【2】technology has crept into nearly【3】aspects of playtime and nearly every type of toy. The Hyper Dash, introduced recently from Wild Planet, is a【4】in point. "It's the perfect blend of technology, learning and exercise," says an educational psychologist. Wild Planet has【5】un-veiled a younger version of Hyper Dash, for kids 3 to 5,【6】Animal Scramble, which is due【7】stores in September. In【8】, the firm will soon release Hyper Jump. "Play and technology are【9】," says Claire Green of the nonprofit Parents'Choice Foundation. "There's【10】putting the genie back in the bottle.)"（分数：20.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________（中国矿业大学2007年试题） The Indians rise soon as it is light, the children run down to the river to swim, the woman go to the creek to bring fresh water. Soon maize soup is being prepared for【1】. Before noon they will eat again, usually fish, meat and bananas, the fruit of the "chonta-durre" palm and a drink of "chicha". When the sun has【2】over the river, some of the younger women go【3】their children by canoe to their forest plantation to【4】maize, bananas and wild fruits. The older women stay in the house making pots which are【5】for drinking water and for "chicha". Later they have to【6】the evening meal and look after the children. The women do most of the daily work and each【7】day involves much the same【8】. The men, who may have been hunting during the night,【9】the day repairing nets, replacing an arrow lost while hunting, fishing with hook and line or "atarraya" net. In January after the rains,【10】men and women go to the forest plantation to sow maize.【11】, in August and September, they sow a【12】crop. Four months after each【13】, the maize is ready for harvesting by the women. At nightfall the family congregates once【14】, and after the babies are【15】in their hammocks they discuss the day's events.（分数：30.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(11).【11】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(12).【12】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(13).【13】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(14).【14】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(15).【15】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________（中国矿业大学2006年试题） Generally, a computer is any device that can perform numerical calculations. Currently,【1】, the term usually refers【2】an electronic device that can【3】a series of tasks according to a set of instructions. In 1953 there were only about 100 computers 【4】use in the world. Today hundreds of millions of computers are【5】in homes, schools, businesses, government offices, and universities for almost every conceivable【6】. Modern desktop【7】computers, or PCs, are many times more powerful than the huge, million dollar【8】of computers of the 1960s and 1970s. Most PCs can perform from 400 million to several billion operations per second. These computers are used not【9】for household management and personal entertainment, but also for most or the automated【10】required by small business. The fastest desktop computers are called workstations, and they are generally used for scientific, engineering, or advanced business application.（分数：20.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________。
博士学位英语考试真题及答案
博士学位英语考试真题及答案题目1：Which of the following statements is true about academic writing?A. It often uses informal language.B. It avoids using citations from other sources.C. It emphasizes clarity and precision.D. It does not require careful planning.答案：C题目2：The main purpose of a research paper is to ____.A. entertain the readerB. persuade the readerC. present new ideas or findingsD. describe personal experiences答案：C题目3：In academic writing, a citation is used to ____.A. add humor to the textB. support an argument with evidenceC. increase the word countD. make the text more creative答案：B题目4：When writing an abstract for a research paper, it is important to ____.A. include detailed experimental proceduresB. provide a summary of the main pointsC. discuss the limitations of the studyD. present personal opinions about the topic答案：B题目5：Plagiarism refers to the act of ____.A. copying someone else's work without proper citationB. using complex vocabulary to impress readersC. avoiding using citations in academic writingD. discussing personal opinions in a research paper答案：A题目6：In academic writing, a thesis statement is a sentence that ____.A. entertains the reader with a jokeB. presents the main argument or purpose of the paperC. provides background information about the topicD. discusses the limitations of previous research答案：B题目7：The passive voice is often used in academic writing to ____.A. sound more informalB. emphasize the actions of the subjectC. avoid mentioning who performed an actionD. make the text more creative答案：C题目8：Effective academic writing should be ____.A. vague and ambiguousB. concise and focusedC. full of unnecessary detailsD. written in a conversational style答案：B请注意，这些题目只是示例，并不代表真实的博士学位英语考试题目。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编60(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编60(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．______is supposed to be the essence of private enterprise.A．CompeteB．CompetitionC．CompetitiveD．Competence正确答案：B解析：competition n.竞争；比赛。
2．Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of the most______ areas in Japanese life.A．sophisticatedB．competitiveC．considerateD．superficial正确答案：B解析：competitive a.竞赛的，竞争的；(人)好竞争的；(价格)有竞争力的(如：competitive games；Important posts are filled by competitive examinations．Our firm offers you competitive prices．He is a competitive young man and has competitive spirit．)。
sophisticated a.(人)老练的，富有经验的：(机器、武器等)精密的，尖端的。
considerate(of／to)a.考虑周到的，体贴人的。
superficial a.肤浅的，浅薄的：表面的。
3．Unless my room is warmer tonight, I’m going to______ to the hotel manager.A．complainB．argueC．blameD．reason正确答案：A解析：complain vi．抱怨(句型：complain to sb．of／about sth．；complain that…)。
英语考博试题及答案
英语考博试题及答案一、词汇与结构（共20分）1. The _______ of the project will depend on the availability of funds.A) initiationB) implementationC) terminationD) qualification答案：B2. Despite his _______ efforts, he failed to convince the committee.A) trivialB) futileC) sincereD) superficial答案：C3. The _______ of the new policy has been widely discussed in the media.A) implicationsB) complicationsC) ramificationsD) repercussions答案：A4. She is a _______ of her father, showing great talent in music.A) descendantB) successorC) inheritorD) progeny答案：C5. The _______ of the old building was a significant event in the community.A) demolitionB) renovationC) constructionD) destruction答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下列短文，然后回答问题。
Passage 1The rise of the internet has transformed the way we communicate, learn, and do business. It has opened up new opportunities and challenges for individuals and organizations alike.6. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The history of the internet.B) The impact of the internet on society.C) The technical aspects of the internet.D) The future of the internet.答案：B7. What does the author imply about the internet?A) It has only positive effects.B) It has both opportunities and challenges.C) It is a threat to traditional businesses.D) It is outdated and no longer relevant.答案：BPassage 2In recent years, there has been a growing interest in renewable energy sources due to environmental concerns and the need for sustainable development.8. What is the main reason for the interest in renewable energy?A) Economic benefits.B) Environmental concerns.C) Technological advancements.D) Government policies.答案：B9. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Renewable energy is widely adopted.B) Renewable energy is too expensive.C) There is a need for sustainable development.D) Environmental concerns are a recent issue.答案：C三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
博士专业英语试题及答案
博士专业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "sustainability" refers to the ability to endure over the long haul.A) TrueB) False2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of sustainable development?A) Economic growthB) Environmental protectionC) Social equityD) Unlimited resource consumption3. The phrase "paradigm shift" in academic writing often refers to:A) A change in the weatherB) A fundamental change in approach or underlying assumptionsC) A minor adjustment in perspectiveD) A change in political leadership4. The concept of "ecosystem services" is associated with which field of study?A) EconomicsB) EcologyC) SociologyD) Political science5. In the context of climate change, "mitigation" refers to:A) Adapting to the effects of climate changeB) Reducing greenhouse gas emissionsC) Planting more treesD) Moving populations to less affected areas6. The term "peer review" in academic publishing is a process where:A) Authors review each other's workB) Journal editors review all submissionsC) Experts in the field evaluate and critique manuscriptsD) The public reviews and comments on published articles7. Which of the following is not a type of renewable energy?A) Solar powerB) Wind powerC) Nuclear powerD) Hydroelectric power8. The "Kyoto Protocol" is an international treaty linked to:A) Biodiversity conservationB) Climate changeC) International tradeD) Space exploration9. "Circular economy" is a model of production and consumption that:A) Encourages the use of non-renewable resourcesB) Minimizes waste and promotes recyclingC) Focuses on mass production and consumptionD) Ignores the environmental impact of production10. The "Precautionary Principle" in environmental policy suggests that:A) Action should be taken only after full scientific certainty is achievedB) Scientific uncertainty should not be used as a reason to postpone measures to prevent harmC) Environmental policies should be based solely on economic considerationsD) Environmental harm should be accepted as a cost of economic growth二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The process of converting light energy into chemical energy in plants is known as __________.12. The greenhouse effect is primarily caused by the accumulation of __________ gases in the atmosphere.13. In a __________ economy, the goal is to minimize waste and make the most of resources.14. The term "biodiversity" refers to the variety of life in all its forms and levels of __________.15. The __________ Principle states that it is better to be safe than sorry when it comes to potential harm to the environment.16. The __________ is a global environmental facility that provides grants for projects that benefit the global environment.17. The __________ is a set of international rules for the trade and use of hazardous chemicals and pesticides.18. "Eco-friendly" products are designed to have the leastpossible __________ on the environment.19. The __________ is a measure of the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly by human activities.20. The __________ is a branch of environmental science concerned with the study of the total environment of a given area, both physical and biological.三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）21. Define the term "sustainable development" and explain its three main pillars.22. What are the key components of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?23. Describe the role of "stakeholders" in the context of corporate social responsibility (CSR).24. Explain the concept of "ecological footprint" and why it is important for environmental conservation.四、论述题（每题25分，共50分）25. Discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with the transition to a low-carbon economy.26. Critically evaluate the effectiveness of international environmental agreements in addressing global environmental issues.五、翻译题（共30分）27. Translate the following paragraph from English to Chinese (15 points):"Environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and climate change are three of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. The need for sustainable solutionsthat balance economic growth, social development, and environmental protection is more urgent than ever."28. Translate the following paragraph from Chinese to English (15 points):"可持续发展是指在不损害后代满足其需求的能力的前提下，满足当代人的需求。
博士英语考试试题及答案
博士英语考试试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分）1. The word "innovate" is most closely related to which of the following?A. CreateB. ImitateC. CopyD. Duplicate答案：A2. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She don't like to go out in the rain.B. They has been working on the project for months.C. Neither of the students were prepared for the exam.D. The number of attendees is greater than expected.答案：D3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions:a) The book is _______ the shelf.b) She is _______ the committee since 2019.c) He is _______ the same opinion as his colleague.答案：a) onb) inc) of二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 1[Text omitted for brevity]4. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of education.B. The impact of technology on society.C. The role of communication in relationships.D. The benefits of a healthy lifestyle.答案：B5. According to the passage, which of the following is not a benefit of using technology?A. Improved efficiency.B. Enhanced communication.C. Increased isolation.D. Greater accessibility.答案：C6. What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem mentioned in the passage?A. Limiting the use of technology.B. Encouraging more face-to-face interactions.C. Relying solely on traditional methods.D. Ignoring the issue altogether.答案：B三、完形填空（共20分）[Text omitted for brevity]7. In the context of the passage, what does the word "alleviate" most likely mean?A. To worsen.B. To reduce.C. To ignore.D. To exaggerate.答案：B8. Why does the author believe that the issue discussed is important?A. It affects a large number of people.B. It is a new and emerging problem.C. It has been overlooked by many.D. It is a personal concern of the author.答案：A9. What is the best title for the passage?A. The Negative Effects of Stress.B. Coping Strategies for Stress.C. The Causes of Stress in Modern Life.D. The Importance of Stress Management.答案：B四、翻译（共20分）10. Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese:"The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives."答案：技术快速发展给我们的日常生活带来了重大变化。
博士生英语考试真题试卷
博士生英语考试真题试卷一、词汇与语法（共10题）1. The new discovery ______ a significant impact on the field of medicine.A. makes.B. has.C. gives.D. takes.答案：B。
解析：“have an impact on...”是固定搭配，表示“对……有影响”，这里主语是“the new discovery”，为第三人称单数，所以用“has”。
2. She was so ______ in her work that she didn't notice the time passing.A. absorbed.B. attracted.C. drawn.D. concentrated.答案：A。
解析：“be absorbed in...”是固定短语，意为“专心于……”；“be attracted to...”表示“被……吸引”；“concentrate on”（集中精力于），这里需要用“absorbed”。
3. It is essential that every student ______ a good command of English.A. has.B. had.C. have.D. will have.答案：C。
解析：在“It is essential that...”句型中，从句要用虚拟语气，即“should + 动词原形”，“should”可以省略，所以这里用“have”。
4. The committee ______ of fifteen members.A. consists.B. composes.C. makes up.D. is made up.答案：A。
解析：“consist of”表示“由……组成”，主动形式；“be made up of”也表示“由……组成”，但为被动形式；“compose”的用法是“be composed of”，这里主语是“the committee”，所以用“consists”。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编60.doc
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编60(总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.______is supposed to be the essence of private enterprise.（分数：2.00）petepetitionpetitivepetence2.Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of the most______ areas in Japanese life.（分数：2.00）A.sophisticatedpetitiveC.considerateD.superficial3.Unless my room is warmer tonight, I'm going to______ to the hotel manager.（分数：2.00）plainB.argueC.blameD.reason4.We ______ Edison's success to his intelligence and hard work.（分数：2.00）A.describeB.subjectC.attributeD.refer5.A small child has to learn to keep its ______ before it can walk far.（分数：2.00）A.weightB.balanceC.scaleD.stability6.They seem to be ______ of all kind feelings for the poor.（分数：2.00）A.bankruptB.unawareckingD.vacant7.I have a number of______to make about this hotel so I wish to see the manager.（分数：2.00）A.claimsB.accusationsC.explanationsplaints8.Don't poke your nose into what doesn't ______ you.（分数：2.00）A.connectB.relateC.concernD.interest9.Although architecture has artistic qualities, it must also satisfy a number of important practical ______.（分数：2.00）A.obligationsC.observationsD.considerations10.When the young surgeon had difficulty with a delicate operation, he turned to a (n)______ surgeon for advice.（分数：2.00）wyerB.adviserC.consultantD.consultation11.Arguing about details______many hours of the committee's valuable time.（分数：2.00）A.absorbedB.sacrificedC.assimilatedD.consumed12.The price increases were passed on by the firm to none but the ______.（分数：2.00）A.clerksB.salesmenC.tradersD.consumers13.The______of coal in that factory is five tons a day.（分数：2.00）A.assumptionB.resumptionC.presumptionD.consumption14.Metals______when cooled and expand when healed.（分数：2.00）A.decreaseB.reduceC.condenseD.contract15.The cells(电池)were designed to ______ sunshine to electricity to run a motor.（分数：2.00）A.convertB.alterC.modifyD.exchange16.Reports that the general is to be dismissed are gaining______among government ministers.（分数：2.00）A.accessB.impetusC.currencyD.reception17.It's not safe to carry so much money with you. You'd better______the money in the bank.（分数：2.00）A.investB.depositC.storeD.save18.In a fit of______the sick man killed himself.（分数：2.00）A.expressionB.suppressionpression19.I have heard many different ______ of the same story.（分数：2.00）A.sayingsB.statementsmentsD.descriptions20.It doesn't make a bit of______ if you are late to my party. I just want you to come.（分数：2.00）A.difficultyB.troubleC.differenceD.sense21.The shopkeeper took off 5 percent ______for cash.（分数：2.00）A.decreaseB.discountC.reductionmission22.There were beautiful clothes ______in the shop windows.（分数：2.00）A.spreadB.demonstratedC.disclosedD.displayed23.Before moving to another city, Mr. London______ of the house and the furniture.（分数：2.00）A.discardedB.dismissedC.dischargedD.disposed24.According to Nobel's famous will, the interest on his fund will be ______ to five people who have made great contributions to mankind during the previous year.（分数：2.00）A.contributedB.devotedC.distributedD.allocated25.Roger gave me some beautiful Japanese stamps in______ for two sets of 1960 British special issue.（分数：2.00）A.turnB.exchangeC.additionD.place26.Most children in Great Britain are educated at the public ______.（分数：2.00）A.costB.paymentC.expenseD.charge27.The charges of trade against the corporation proved to be without______.（分数：2.00）A.baseB.excuseC.foundationD.reason28.Every camera we sell comes with a two-year______.（分数：2.00）A.safetyB.conservationC.confirmationD.guarantee29.It will be very helpful if parents have seen the school environment and know what kind of tasks the school will______on the daily life of their child.(2013年10月中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）poseB.imposeC.disposeD.expose30.To call the music of another music-culture "primitive" is______ one's own standards on a group that does not recognise them.（分数：2.00）A.puttingB.imposingC.forcingD.emphasizing。
考博英语试题及答案
考博英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答1-5题。
In recent years, the number of people who commute to work by bicycle has increased significantly. This trend can be attributed to several factors, including concerns about environmental pollution, the rising cost of fuel, and the desire for a healthier lifestyle. As a result, many cities have invested in bicycle lanes and other infrastructure to support this mode of transportation.1. What is the main reason for the increase in bicycle commuting?A. Environmental concernsB. High fuel costsC. Health benefitsD. All of the above2. What has been the response of cities to this trend?A. They have ignored it.B. They have invested in bicycle infrastructure.C. They have discouraged it.D. They have not taken any action.3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason for the increase in bicycle commuting?A. Traffic congestionB. Environmental pollutionC. Rising cost of fuelD. Desire for a healthier lifestyle4. What does the passage suggest about the future of bicycle commuting?A. It will continue to increase.B. It will decrease.C. It will remain stable.D. It is uncertain.5. What type of infrastructure have cities invested in to support bicycle commuting?A. Public transportationB. Bicycle lanesC. Parking lotsD. Highways二、词汇与语法（共30分）Choose the correct word or phrase to fill in the blanks in the following sentences.6. The company has decided to ________ its operations to new markets.A. expandB. contractC. maintainD. abandon7. Despite the heavy rain, the marathon was still held as________.A. plannedB. planningC. to planD. was planning8. The new policy will come into ________ on January 1st.A. effectB. affectC. impactD. influence9. The professor's lecture was so ________ that I couldn't follow it.A. complicatedB. complexC. complicatedlyD. complexly10. She ________ the book to the library yesterday.A. returnedB. borrowedC. lentD. kept三、翻译（共20分）Translate the following sentence into English.11. 随着科技的发展，远程工作变得越来越普遍。
博士考试试题及答案英语
博士考试试题及答案英语一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The correct spelling of the word "phenomenon" is:A. fenomenonB. phenomonC. phenominonD. phenomenon答案：D2. Which of the following is not a verb?A. to runB. to jumpC. to flyD. flight答案：D3. The phrase "break the ice" means:A. to start a conversationB. to stop a conversationC. to make a decisionD. to end a conversation答案：A4. The opposite of "positive" is:A. negativeB. optimisticC. pessimisticD. positive答案：A5. Which of the following is not a preposition?A. inB. onC. atD. is答案：D6. The word "perspective" can be used to describe:A. a point of viewB. a physical locationC. a mathematical calculationD. a scientific experiment答案：A7. The phrase "a piece of cake" is used to describe something that is:A. difficultB. boringC. easyD. expensive答案：C8. The verb "to accommodate" means:A. to refuseB. to ignoreC. to provide space or servicesD. to argue答案：C9. The word "meticulous" is an adjective that describes someone who is:A. lazyB. carelessC. very careful and preciseD. confused答案：C10. The phrase "to go viral" refers to:A. to become sickB. to spread quickly on the internetC. to travel by planeD. to become extinct答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "____" means a sudden loud noise.答案：bang2. "____" is the term used to describe a person who is very knowledgeable.答案：savant3. The phrase "to turn a blind eye" means to ____.答案：ignore4. The word "____" is used to describe a situation that is very difficult to understand.答案：enigmatic5. "____" is a term used to describe a person who is very good at remembering things.答案：eidetic6. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very talkative.答案：loquacious7. The phrase "to ____" means to make something more complex. 答案：complicate8. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very organized and efficient.答案：methodical9. The phrase "to ____" means to make a plan or to decide ona course of action.答案：strategize10. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is verycurious and eager to learn.答案：inquisitive三、阅读理解（每题4分，共20分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编21.doc
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编21（总分：50. 00，做题时间：90分钟）一、Structure and Vocabulary （总题数：25,分数：50. 00）1.Knowing something as a whole is far from knowing all its.（分数：2.00）A.instancesB.charactersC.details VD.items解析：解析：detail n.细节，详情；枝节，琐事。
in detail详细地。
instance n.例子，实例。
事例（for instance例如，比如）。
character n.性格，品质；特性，特征。
item n.（新闻的）一条，一则：条款，项目。
2.Can you an escape of gas in this corner of the room?（分数：2.00）A.senseB.detect 』C.discoverD.determine解析：解析：detect vt.察觉，发现。
3.Young people are particularly interested in films describing stories in whichpolicemen are trying to identify wrongdoers.（分数：2.00）A.detective VB.instructiveC.legendaryD.historical解析：4.My grandmother has been ill for two months, so her health has. （2004 年上海理工大学考博试题）（分数：2.00）A.deteriorated VB.diminishedC.dwindledD.lessened解析：解析：本题是说我的祖母病了两个月了，因此她的健康状况恶化了。
A项的“deteriorate恶化” 符合题意。
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考博英语历年真题试卷
《考博英语历年真题试卷》
As an aspiring doctoral student, the journey to obtaining a PhD is a challenging and rigorous one. One of the major milestones in this journey is the examination process, and the English language proficiency test is a crucial component of this process. The "考博英语历年真题试卷" (Doctoral English Language Proficiency Test Past Papers) is an invaluable resource for students preparing for this exam. The past papers provide a comprehensive overview of the types of questions that may be asked in the exam, as well as the format and structure of the test. By studying these papers, students can gain a better understanding of the exam's requirements and expectations, and can tailor their preparation accordingly. Furthermore, the past papers also serve as a valuable practice tool for students. By attempting the questions in the papers, students can assess their current level of English proficiency and identify areas for improvement. This allows them to focus their efforts on areas where they may be weaker, and to develop strategies for tackling different types of questions.
In addition to being a practical study aid, the past papers also offer insight into the evolution of the exam over the years. By studying older papers, students can gain a better understanding of how the exam has changed and adapted over time, and can anticipate potential trends or patterns in the types of questions that may be asked in future exams.
Overall, the "考博英语历年真题试卷" is an essential resource for any student
preparing for the English language proficiency test as part of their doctoral studies. By using these past papers as a study aid, students can gain a better understanding of the exam's requirements, assess their current level of proficiency, and develop effective strategies for success. With diligent preparation and the help of these past papers, students can approach the exam with confidence and achieve their goal of obtaining a PhD.。