天津大学硕士研究生英语期末考试试题（五篇材料）
天津大学研究生英语口语测试问题及答案总结
1hello everyone ,my name is A ,my topic is what are the diseases that are genetically determined than developed because of unhealthy lifestyle.as everybody know that leukemia[lʊ'kimɪə] is a seldom cured disease .all the people are afraid to be attacked by it. leukemia is a kind of polygenic [,pɔli'dʒenik] diseases,genetic [dʒə'nɛtɪk] defeat and radiation[,redɪ'eʃən]，drugs can spur the gene to change it’s state.not only leukemia,but also Malignant [mə'lɪgnənt] disease, endocrine ['ɛndəkrɪn] disease, autoimmune [,ɔtoɪ'mjʊn] disease have the characteristic that can be influenced by external environment such as unhealthy lifestyle.so don’t think ourself as gene-safety guies,we should take care of ourselfes and develop good habbits to safe oufself against such recurring [rɪ'kɝɪŋ] illness2 hello everyone ,my name is A ,my topic is what kind of person do you think you are,and what kind of life do you want to live?I believe that I don’t be clear what kind of person I am,my friend used to describe me as susceptible [sə'sɛptəbl], optimistic,brave humorous girl,maybe the gene of happiness comes from my parents and the environment I live in ,I am also a luck dog,somebody would give me a hand when I get trouble！all of you is my luck star!I used to dream i work in clean workplace and my co-workers are friendly,everyday I go to work with confidence and perform excellently.in holidays ,I wish traveling to many scenic['sɛnɪk] spots with my honey.i hope I can possess a healthy lifestyle and live to enjoy life!3 hello everyone ,my name is A ,my topic is do you believe that a person’s potentialities are limited by his genes?I don’t agree this opinion,Genes can give a person the initial character,but it doesn’t means the person keep the charater in his whole life,he will develop his potential along with his world view, experience in life .the potential is just like a mobilphone,some functions of the mobilephone is set in factory-fresh state but a lot of additional fuctions are researched and developed by the person who use it ,the person is the environment .so gene is only the part of potential but is not the determinant [dɪ'tɝmɪnənt].the potential is decided by how we choose the way that we belong.because we are thoughtful humanbeings4 hello everyone ,my name is A ,my topic is anything we can do to upgrade ourseves?I have four points to answer this question,first I consider confidence is the chief factor to upgrade ourseves,keeping confident means you give yourself endless power to fulfill your dream,second,giving yourself a regular and healthy lifestyle in order to keep mental health and physical healty. a saying says The body is revolution in capital. this can help you focus attention to your career.third.be kind to your co-workers and friends,because all the people around you is are your luck star ,they take new opinion and surprise to you,you will be lonely and helpless without them.fourth,keep serious about the work your engaged in,when you work please don’t distract your attention to other things . keep high efficient is a good way to improve ourself. and to chieve your goals?视频2、1 hello everyone ,my name is A，my topic is enagine that you were one of the passengers on a hijacked plan,what would you do? oh dear ,it is horrible to imagine I was countered by a hijack,if I encounter a hijack,the fisrt thing I do is keeping silence and cast about for ideas to delay the game.then I will catfootedly ['kæt,futid]悄悄地dial 110 to let the police to know what is going on.next I will listen to the bandit’s words and give all my money to the bandits and go along with the crowd waiting the policemen to rescue us frightened birds.in the process ,I guess nothing is more important than guarding my life,the worst way is do something like a egg into stone and like a panic sheep poking it’s nose everywhere.thankyou2 hello everyone ,my name is A，my topic is was there somebody or something om the incident that makes you moved? ,if I encounter a hijack,the fisrt thing I do is keeping silence and cast about for ideas to delay the game.then I will catfootedly ['kæt,futid]悄悄地dial 110 to let the police to know what is going on.next I will listen to the bandit’s words and give all my money to the bandits and go along with the crowd waiting the policemen to rescue us frightened birds.3 hello everyone ,my name is A，my topic is in your opinion,what’s the meaning of “god helps those who help themselves”.may be myself is my own god,,视频31 hello everyone ,my name is A，my topic is”to what extent do you think your life and work depends on a computer?”I usually sit in front of the computer all day long,I feel it so inconvenient to work and live without the help of computer.before I go to someplace ,I need to check the bus route on the computer.before I write some dates ,I would check some literatue on computer.before I get receptional activities.i would surf the internet to find fun places and look at how people value them.at the same time ,I am a otaku girl,so most of my necessities are bought on the puter is also a tools to get contact with my friends and relatives.it bring the world together as a whole.although it so convenient for study and life ,it doesn’t mean I cann’t go on my life without it.2 hello everyone ,my name is A，my topic is”do you believe that ?”I don’t agree this idea,becauseI believe the power of human brain is endless,since humans can create computer and artificial intelligence,they must can control these human productions.humans can improve their fuctions and destroy their procedure set by humans.these productions only are tools to make the life of human more convenient forever,just as tools. the human brain has the ability of innovation, on the opposite ,computer just do the things assigned by human repeatedly.finally,in the real world, we should know how to use these productions to improve the conditions of the environment we live in rather than use them to harm others. that is all ,thank you!3 hello everyone ,my name is A ,my topic is about the advantages and disadvantages of computer.as you know computers are harmful as well as useful and helpful. The computers can make a great help for us in this high speed society. In the light of this statement, it is computers that can store documents for us which is essential for us, it is computers that can shorten the time in seeking useful information instead of looking for knowledge from a large sums of books and it is computers that can make it possible to comunicate with different people who are far away from you. In a word, we can't live nomally without computers in such a high-tech society。
天大研究生考试英语复习
工程英语期末考试复习资料一、词汇及语法（20points）（老师上课讲的选词填空,考试估计不会是原句，但要知道这些词的意思用法，其他再看看课后单词。
第1.3.6.9.11.13单元）1、They made regular visits to the park on the suburbs during the weekends.2、She was promoted to division manager last year.3、We tried to walk to the park but ended up taking a taxi there.4、The movie received generally favorable reviews.5、The earthquake survivors are in desperate need of help.6、A child’s character is greatly influenced by his home environment.7、If you are in doubt about his ability to do the task,don’t entrust him with it.8、The Mexican minority in the southwestern part of the United States numbers up to three million.9、The company went out of business because it couldn’t sell its products.10、A political dispute involving six nations may be settled by an agreement between them.11、All this occurred in an already desperately poor country.12、Efforts have been made to prevent the extinction of the buffalo.13、The new interest rate becomes effective next month.14、The device is used to measure the range of the gun.15、The artist spent many years on his monumental painting,which covered all the walls of the exhibition hall.16、The design is worthless for all practical purposes.17、The company has expanded its operations in Stanford by opening a new branch office there.18、In system development,the specification refers to a description of how the design of a system,device,or program is to be implemented.19、His wife left him when the children were small,so he effectively brought up the family himself.20、We’re looking for someone who will be able to motivate the staff to work hard.21、Listen to both sides and you will be enlightened.22、He tends to view most issues from a philosophical perspective.23、Harlem has been advanced to a higher position.24、Scientists successfully found that some kinds of bacteria grow very fast because they can replicate by themselves.25、The union is on strike in pursuit of a10%pay increase.26、The house strikes you as welcoming when you go in.27、He tried hard to live up to his parent’s expectations.28、Marriage is a significant commitment.29、They have barely enough to pay the rent his month.30、When the old lady entered the apartment,the thief had escaped already.31、By the time he gets home,his father will have left for shanghai.32、Irene has taught English at our school for two years.She will renew her contract tomorrow.33、From3to5yesterday,they were repairing the car on the way to the park.34、According to the time table,the train for London leaves at7in the evening.35、It’s been a long time since I saw you last.How are you?36、This is the first time I have seen this kind of refrigerator.37、Before long,she will forget all about the matter.38、In terms of customer satisfaction,the policy cannot be criticized.39、How much you get paid is dependent on how much you produce.40、The dispense with the formalities.41、I’m skeptical of the team’s chances of winning.42、So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.43、Hardly had the plane landed when the people ran toward it.44、There existed a certain doubt among the student as to the necessity of the work.45、Seldom did I make any mistakes during my past five years of service here.二、完型填空（10points）（第6.11单元，瞎划的线，还是全文都了解，记住）1、Engineering is the profession that puts scientific knowledge to practical use. Engineers use principles of science to design structures,machines,and products of all kinds.They look for better ways to use existing resources and often develop new materials.Engineers have had a direct role in the creation of most of modern technology-the tools,materials,techniques,and power sources that make our lives easier.The field of engineering includes a wide variety of activities.For example, engineering projects range from the construction of huge dams to the design of tiny electronic circuits.Engineers may help produce guided missiles,industrial robots,or artificial limbs for the physically handicapped.They develop complex scientific equipment to explore the reaches of outer space and the depths of oceans.Engineersalso plan out electric power and water supply systems,and do research to improve automobiles,television sets,and other consumer products.They may work to reduce environmental pollution,increase the world's food supply,and make transportation faster and safer.The history of engineering is record of human ingenuity through the ages.Even in prehistoric times,people adapted basic engineering techniques from things that were available in nature.For example,sturdy sticks became levers to lift large rock, and logs were used as rollers to move heavy loads.The development of agriculture and the growth of civilization brought about a new wave of engineering efforts. People invented farming tools,designed elaborate irrigation networks,and built the first cities.The construction of the gigantic Egyptian pyramids at Giza during the 2500s B.C.was one of the greatest engineering feats of ancient times.In ancient Rome,engineer built large aqueducts and bridges and vast systems of roads.During the200s B.C.,the Chinese erected major sections of the monumental Great Wall of China.Early engineers used such simple machines as the inclined plane,wedge,and wheel and axle.During the Middle Ages,a period in European history that lasted from the A.D.400s to the1500s,inventors developed machines to harness water, wind,and animal power.The growing interest in new types of machines and new source of power to drive them helped bring about the Industrial Revolution of the 1700s and1800s,during which,their role expanded rapidly.The practical steam engine developed by the Scottish engineer James Watt in the1760s revolutionized transportation and industry by providing a cheap,efficient source of power.New iron-making techniques provided engineers with material to improve machines and tools and to build bridges and ships.Many roads,railroads,and canals were constructed to link the growing industrial cities.Distinct branches of engineering began to develop during the Industrial Revolution.The term civil engineer was first used about1750by John Smeaton,a British engineer.Mechanical engineers emerged as specialists in industrial machinery, and mining and metallurgical engineers were needed to supply metals and fuels.By the late1800s,the development of electric power and advances in chemical processing had created the fields of electrical and chemical engineering.Professional schools began to be founded as the demand for engineer steadily increased.Since1900,the number of engineers and of engineering specialities has expanded dramatically.Artificial hearts,airplanes,computers,lasers,nuclear energy, plastics,space travel,and television are only a few of the scientific and technologicalbreakthroughs that engineer have helped bring about in this century.Because science and technology are progressing and changing so rapidly,today's engineers must study throughout their careers to make sure that their knowledge and expertise do not become obsolete.They face the challenging task of keeping pace with the latest advances while working to shape the technology of the future.The field of engineering offers a broad range of job opportunities.Engineers may work in factories,offices,and government laboratories or at construction sites.Some engineers are involved in the research and development of new products.Others are responsible for turning plans and specifications for new structures,machines,or systems into reality.Still others use their background and training to sell and service technical equipment.Many engineers work on projects in teams that include scientists, technicians,and other engineers,however,some engineers act as independent consultants who sell their services to people who need engineering assistance. Engineers may also hold teaching positions or move up into management positions in business.Certain abilities and traits help qualify a person for an engineering career. Engineers must have technical aptitude and skill in mathematics and the sciences. They should be curious about the"how"and"why"of natural and mechanical things and creative in finding new ways of doing things,able to analyze problems systematically and logically and to communicate well-both orally and in writing,and willing to work within strict budgets and meet tight deadlines.In addition,skill in directing and supervising other workers is an important part of many engineering jobs.2、The commercial exploitation of crude oil has been among the most liberating technologies the world has ever known.When pumped though an internal combustion engine stuck in a metal box,refined oil has given freedom of movement to billions. Before the automobile,the life experiences of most of those who lived in the rich world were limited—as in much of the poor world they remain—to neighborhood and family.When shot through gas turbines on wings,oil has shrunk the planet in a way that was once the stuff of science fiction.Neither of my parents ever flew;both my children had flown30,000miles before they were2years old.But on Sept.11,2001,the world was reminded that oil is also a dangerous drug. The cheapest,most easily accessible oil reserves are in the Middle East,the most volatile region on earth.Future supplies of oil will be costly not simply in terms of dollars and cents but also in their effect on the environment.As those in poorcountries dream of the same freedom of movement that the wealthy have enjoyed for a century,oil's polluting effects will only get worse.The number of cars in Beijing, for example,is growing15%a year,contributing to the yellowy-gray haze that often envelops the city.For all these reasons,it makes sense to dream of a world that is far,far less dependent on oil than it is now.Winning the Oil Endgame:American Innovation for Profits,Jobs and Security,written by a team led by Amory Lovins of the Rocky Mountain Institute in Snowmass,Colo.,is one of the best analyses of energy policy yet produced.Lovins,who has been preaching the need for fuel efficiency for some 30years,thinks big.His aim is to promote a set of policies that over the next two decades would save half the oil the es,before moving to a hydrogen-based economy that dispenses with oil altogether(save for possible use as a fuel to produce hydrogen.)If that seems hopelessly Utopian,Lovins reminds us that we have done something very like it before.Spurred by the oil price shocks of the1970s,the U.S. between1977and1985increased efficiency and cut oil consumption17%(and net oil imports50%)while the economy grew27%.The key to that revolution was a huge increase in average miles-per-gallon of the U.S.automobile fleet.If we had continued to increase energy efficiency at the same rate,the stability of Iraq and Saudi Arabia would by now be of minor concern to U.S.policymakers.Instead,we bought SUVs and wasted two decades.Those SUVs are no joke.In the U.S.,where70%of oil is used for transportation,any energy policy is necessarily also an automobile policy.The single key insight of Lovins'report is to focus on the need to reduce the weight of cars (without sacrificing safety)by using advanced materials like carbon fiber and composites instead of heavy steel.When powered by hybrid technologies that combine electricity with the internal-combustion engine,such light vehicles will produce enormous oil savings.Lovins proposes a nifty scheme，which would reduce the consumer price of such energy-efficient cars while increasing the price of gas guzzlers.So far,Japanese firms,especially Toyota and Honda,have taken the lead in advanced automobile technology.The Japanese car industry,Lovins said to me last week,has"uninhibited visionary leaders in a country which has no oil and is acutely aware of its oil dependence."If the U.S.automobile industry waits for years to see if lightweight fuel-efficient cars are more than a niche business,Lovins argues,it will one day discover that it has lost another market to overseas firms.There is a need too for political leadership.Lovins insists the study's recommendations require"nomajor federal legislation."But at the very least,they need a Federal Government prepared to encourage states and localities to experiment with policies that increase energy efficiency.All reports that promise an easy solution to a complex problem need to be taken with a degree of skepticism,and Winning the Oil Endgame is no exception.The usual pork-barrel politics could quickly bog down some of the policy prescriptions in the book,like loan guarantees for the development of new energy-saving technologies. But in a sensible presidential election,the recommendations of Winning the Oil Endgame would be discussed and debated from now through November.Don't hold your breath.三、阅读理解（30points）（3篇课外文章，就没法准备了。
天津大学硕士研究生英语期末考试试题
ENGLISH FINAL EXAMFOR MASTERS OF ENGINEERNINGNAME__________ MAJOR__________ STUDENT NO: ______________Part one: Vocabulary and Structure (20%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 20 incomplete sentences each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you think is the best answer. Mark your choice ticking the corresponding letter before the choice.1.This issue ______ interesting reading because it tells how thesepeople made their money and, indirectly, how the country has changed over the years.A. accounts forB. serves asC. makes forD. makes useof2.Jane used to be slow in class, but now she is ______.A. getting alongB. getting aheadC. getting byD. gettingabove3.Paul ______ me very much of a schoolmate I used to know at university.A. remembersB. remindsC. recallsD. recollects4.Don’t count your chickens before they are ______.A. hatchedB. harvestedC. hurriedD. hastened5.Several car manufactures will ______ half of their workers becauseof economic difficulty.A. discountB. disposeC. bootD. disclose6.They had ______ funds to cover the cost of the trip.A. ampleB. luxuryC. sampleD. superb7.All living things have certain _______ that are passed on from onegeneration to the next.A. cellsB. virusesC. flawsD.attributes8.She ______ her mother’s good looks and her father’s bad temper.A. inheritedB. inhabitedC. hinderedD.objected9.It is for this reason ______ he refused to take the job.A. whyB. whenC. thatD. so10.Who ______ that spoke first at yesterday’s meeting?A. was itB. wasC. it wasD. did11.It wasn’t ______ personal interests that they did all this.A. becauseB. onlyC. justD. for12.Hardly ______ the people ran toward it.A. had the plane landed whenB. had the plane landed thanC. the plane landed beforeD. the plane was landing that13.No sooner ______ than he realized that he should have remained silent.A. had the words been spokenB. the words had spokenC. the words had been spokenD. had the words spoken14.You’d rather not do it, ______?A. shouldn’t youB. wouldn’t youC. would youD. ought you15.We never dared to ask him a question, ______?A. did weB. doesn’t itC. dared weD. daren’twe16. Unlike hackers, who gain unauthorized ______ to computer ortelecommunication systems for the challenge or even the principle of it, crackers do so for malicious purposes.A. passwordB. entryC. accessD. approach17. There are four factories in our institute, _________ over 200 workers.A. with eachB. each havingC. each hasD.with each has18. By conservative ______ 80% of humanity still can’t use written languageeffectively.A. estimatesB. estimatedC. estimationsD. estimating19. With ______ her do this, she will have no difficulty persuading themto accept her plan.A. my helpingB. mine helpingC. me helpingD. I help20. Only rarely do people’s jobs, spouses and children ______ these imagined ideals.A. live up toB. agree withC. meet withD. realizesPart two: Cloze (10%)Directions: In this part of the test, there is an incomplete passage with 10 blanks. For each blank in the passage, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you think that can best complete the passage and mark your answer by ticking the corresponding letter before the choice.When Forbes published its first list in 1982, five of the top ten were in the Hunt family that drilled Texas __1__ holes and hit a lot of gushers, which reminds us of advice __2__ billionaire J. Paul Getty on how to get ahead in the world: rise early, work hard, strike oil. Getty got his big start the __3__ way—from his father’s money.The original list 14 years ago was __4__ Rockefellers, and Du Ponts,a Frick, a Whitney, Mellon or two—all great family fortunes that stretched back to the 19th century. The word “inheritance”appeared in the biographies 75 times.There weren’t as many old-money fortunes on last year’s list—which leads to some conclusions about wealth in America. First, it’s not easyto __5__ money, even for millionaires. Taxes put a big __6__ in family fortunes, and unless the heirs are careful and invest wisely, they can lose their millions as fast as their ancestors made them. Second, the old ways to riches aren’t as __7__ as they used to be. Besides the three Du Pont entries, only 43 of the 400 entries on the most recent Forbes list represent people who got __8__ through inheritance. And only 18 in the latest 400 made their fortunes from oil, so Getty’s quote no longer __9__as true as it once did. Third, America is still the land of opportunity where smart young people like Bill Gates of Microsoft can __10__ on topof the list of richest Americans ahead of the Rockefellers, Mellons, Gettys and Carnegies.1. A. into B. full of C. with D. through2. A. attributed to B. contributed to C. accounted for D. brought about3. A. old-fashion B. old-fashionable C. old-fashioned D. unfashionable4. A. crawling with B. filling with C. popular with D. credited with5. A. hold down B. contain C. grasp D. hold on to6. A. edge B. dent C. disadvantage D. effect7. A. impressive B. dependable C. influential D. available8. A. there B. away C. on D. in9. A. looks B. rings C. views D. takes10. A. end up B. show C. arrive at D. raise up Part three: Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 3 passages. The passages are followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of the questions and unfinished statements there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you think is the best answer. Mark your choice ticking the corresponding letter before the choice.Passage 1When your parents advise you to "get an education" in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean isto get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you will beoccupationally dead unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can successfully drop out in grade school.Get a college degree, if possible. With a B.A., you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a master's degree, make sure it is an M.B.A., and is famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect.Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was '24000. While the full professors managed to earn just '23030.A Ph.D. is the highest degree you can get. Except for a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, if you pursue such a degree in any other field, you will face a dim future. there are more Ph.D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world.If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or-worst of all-in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes, driving cars, waiting on table, and endlessly filling out applications month after month. They may also take a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns.You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.1. According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out peoplewho ______.A. will not be a disgrace to societyB. will become loyal citizensC. can take care of themselvesD. can meet the nation's demands as a source of manpower2. Many Ph.D.s are out of job because ______.A. they are improperly educatedB. they are of little commercial value to their societyC. there are fewer jobs in high schoolsD. they prefer easier jobs that make more money3. The nation is only interested in people ______.A. with diplomasB. who specialize in physics and chemistryC. who are valuable to the gross national productD. both A and C4. Which of the following is not true?A. Bernard Shaw didn't finish high schools, nor did Edison.B. One must think carefully before pursuing a master degree.C. The higher your education level, the more money you will earn.D. If you are too well-educated, you'll be overeducated for society's demands.5. The writer sees education as ______.A. a means of providing job security and financial security and a means of meeting a country's demands for technical workersB. a way to broaden one's horizonsC. more important than finding a jobD. an opportunity that everyone should havePassage 2The agricultural revolution in the nineteenth century involved two things the invention of labor-saving machinery and the development of scientific agriculture. Labor-saving machinery naturally appeared first where labor was scarce. "In Europe", said Thomas Jefferson, "the object is to make the most of their land, labor being abundant; here it is to make the most of our labor, lard being abundant". It was in America, there fore, that the great advances in nineteenth-century agricultural machinery first came. At the opening of the century, with the exception of a crude plow, farmers could have carried practically all of the existing agricultural implements on their backs: by 1860, most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an early form. The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow. As early as 1990 Charles Newbold of New Jersey had been working on the idea of a cast-iron plow and spent his entire fortune in introducing his invention. The farmers, however, would home none of it, claiming that the iron poisoned the soil and made the weeds grow. Nevertheless many people devoted their attention to the plow, until in 1869, James Oliver of South Bend, Indiana, turned out the first chilled-steel plow.6. The word "here" (Para. 1, line. 4) refers to ______.A. EuropeB. AmericaC. New JerseyD. Indiana7. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A. The reed for labor helped the invention of machinery in America.B. The farmer rejected Charles Newbold's plow for fear of ruin of their field.C. Both Europe and America had great need of farm machinery.D. It was in Indiana that the first chilled-steel plow was produced.8. The passage is mainly about ______.A. the agricultural revolutionB. the invention of labor-saving machineryC. the development of scientific agricultureD. the farming machinery in America9. At the opening of the nineteenth-century, farmers in America ______.A. preferred light toolsB. were extremely self-reliantC. had many portable toolsD. had very few tools10. Implied but not stated ______.A. There was a shortage of workers on American farmsB. The most important of the early inventions was the iron plowC. After 1869,many people devoted their attention to the plowD. Charles Newbolt had made a fortune by his cast-iron plowPassage 3We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as "regular" coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline). The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military? Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections. Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American automanufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.11. According to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will ______.A. decrease graduallyB. become unstableC. improve enormouslyD. remain at the same level12. The first paragraph tells us that a new product is ______.A. usually introduced to satisfy different tastesB. often more expensive than old onesC. often inferior to old ones at firstD. not easily accepted by the public13. Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to ______.A. work out marketing policiesB. increase its popularityC. promote its productionD. speed up its life cycle14. The author mentions the example of "backpacks" (Line 4, Para.2) toshow the importance of ______.A. increasing usage among studentsB. exploring new market sectionsC. pleasing the young as well as the oldD. serving both military and civil needs15. In order to recover their share of the world market, U.S. auto makers are ______.A. improving product qualityB. re-positioning their product in the marketC. modernizing product styleD. increasing product featuresPart four: TranslationSection A: (15%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 5 sentences from your textbook. Translate the sentences into Chinese and write your Chinese versions of the sentences in the space provided below.1.Engineers should be curious about the “how” and “why” of natural andmechanical things and creative in finding new ways of doing things, able to analyze problems systematically and logically and to communicate well, and willing to work within strict budgets and meet tight deadlines.2.I acquired a very strong work ethic from my parents, both of whom livedthrough the Great Depression.3.It is estimated that the new interaction between computers and Nettechnology will have significant influence on the industry of the future.4.Eventually, you may reach the point where you can afford to spend therest of your life at the side of a swimming pool with a drink in your hand, but you probably won’t.5.Two people may choose different brands of toothpaste with the identicalprice, amount, and quality; each person believes that he or she is expressing his personality by choosing that brand.Section B: (10%)Directions: In this part of the test, there is a short passage. Read the passage carefully and translate it into English. Write your translation of the passage in the space provided below.节省、积累可观的财富，不是自动完成的。
2008天津大学研究生英语期末考试试题
ENGLISH PROFICIENCY EXAMFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTSTIANJIN UNIVERSITYJan. 23rd, 2008PART 1: Listening Comprehension (10%)Section A (5%)Directions: In this section, you will hear 2 long conversations and 1 short passage. The conversations and passage will be read only ONCE. At the end of each conversation or the passage, there will be questions. After each question there will be a pause. You must read the 4 suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation:1. A. Because she hasn’t got ready yet.B. Because she is waiting for David.C. Because she is waiting for a taxi to pick her up.D. Because it is raining very hard.2. A. They are going to see film downtown.B. They are going to call on the Johnsons.C. They are packing and going on their holiday.D. They are going to buy an umbrella.3. A. It was left in David’s office.B. It was left in Kate’s office.C. It was lost in the train some day.D. It was left with the Johnsons.Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation:4. A. Doctor and nurse.B. Librarian and library patron.C. Forest ranger and hiker.D. Nurse and patient.5. A. Saturday.B. Sunday.C. Monday.D. Tuesday.6. A. An allergy to animals.B. A reaction to toxic chemicals.C. An allergy to food.D. Contact with a noxious plant.Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following passage:7. A. They are the highest.B. They are most challenging and popular.C. They are covered by snow all the year round.D. They are like paradise.8. A. Anxious and worried.B. bored and unwilling.C. nervous and confused.D. amazed and excited.9. A. Interesting and exciting.B. He did not mention.C. They went there by plane.D. He thought the journey was too long.10. A. In a large, clean hotel.B. In a small, tidy hotel.C. In a small house with a back yard.D. In a large, cozy house with no back yard.Section B (5%)Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage THREE times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from （1）to （5）with the exact words or expressions you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Good evening. I know many of you students are the proud owners of your first motor vehicle and this evening I want to talk to you about some of the things you can do to make sure your car or motorbike isn’t stolen. I’ll (1) ____________ to put you in the picture. Car theft is a widespread problem. In this country alone one car is stolen every 32 seconds. That’s almost a million cars each year. And of those, (2) ____________. And don’t think that just because your car might be a bit old and beaten-up no one will steal it. Any car can be stolen. Anywhere.Most thefts occur in residential areas, often from the front of the house or even from inside the garage. Some areas that are especially dangerous are shopping centers and (3) ____________.Most car thieves don’t need to break into the car. They usually gain entry through unlocked doors and many times they find the key in the ignition. In fact, (4) ____________ in the car. Isn’t that amazing? Twenty per cent of drivers left the keys in the ignition of an unlocked car.Who steals cars? Well, there are basically two kinds of car or bike thieves: joy-riders aged about 15 to 21, and professionals. This last group usually needs less than one minute to break into a locked car and they often steal cars to (5) ____________. You are much less likely to get your car back if it’s stolen by a professional, and if it’s stolen by a joy-rider chances are it’ll be a wreck when you do get it back. Joy-riders have a very high accident rate.PART II: Vocabulary (5%)Directions: In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.11．Traditionally it is a peaceful event, without ______ between police and what they describe as the hippy convoy.A. connectionB. exchangeC. interactionD. confrontation12. Unlike hackers, who gain unauthorized ______ to computer or telecommunication systems forthe challenge or even the principle of it, crackers do so for malicious purposes.A. passwordB. entryC. accessD. approach13. Compared to voter participation rates of citizens in other democracies, participation in American elections is low; slightly more than 50 percent of those ______ participate in national presidential elections.A. eligibleB. availableC. feasibleD. accessible14. There has been much opposition from some social groups, ______ from the farming community.A. straightforwardlyB. notablyC. virtuallyD. exceptionally15. They swore their ______ to the nation and received their naturalization papers.A. allegianceB. immensityC. obligationD. responsibility16. These questions ______ a challenge to the established attitude of superiority toward the outside world.A. evolvedB. arousedC. toleratedD. constituted17. With his right-wing views, and close ______ to the military, he’d long been regarded as a sworn enemy of the people.A. emotionB. communicationC. affiliationD. reaction18. When she first visited South-West Africa in 1947 as an investigative journalist, she helped reveal the ______ conditions under which blacks were forced to work.A. exoticB. appallingC. terrificD. toxic19. The number of old people is on the rise, and with this fact comes the number of people with ______ disease associated more with old age.A. cancerB. incurableC. severeD. chronic20. To most supervisors, dishonest or ______ employees pose a great problem to computer security, for they may use their skills and knowledge to seek revenge for real or imagined wrongs, such as being passed over for promotion.A. grudgingB. disgruntledC. disagreeingD. grumblePART III. Cloze (5%)Directions: In this part of the test, you’ll read an incomplete passage with 10 blanks. Read the passage carefully, and choose the best answer from choices marked A, B, C and D. Then on your ANSWER SHEET, find the number of the question and mark your answer with a single line through the center.How are the university awards obtained in the Great Britain? There are those which are given for the __(21)__ completion of course work and examination. The two best known examples ofthese awards are the BA (Bachelor of Arts) and the BSc (Bachelor of Science) at undergraduate level. These are sometimes called “first degree”, for the obvious reason that they are the __(22)__ award that a student is likely to be given by the university. There are over 5000 degree subjects and combinations of subjects __(23)__ at universities throughout Britain. Bachelor-level degrees are normally given at the end of three or four years course work.Next, there are those degrees which a university gives for the successful completion of a piece of __(24)__. The MA (Master of Arts), the MSc (Master of Science) and the MBA (Master of Business Administration) are the ones most frequently awarded here at postgraduate level. At one time these degrees were awarded __(25)__ for the completion of research work, but over the past twenty years or so a large number of additional Master degrees have been introduced which combine a quite small piece of research with a __(26)__ amount of course work on which the student is examined. The Ph.D (Doctor of Philosophy), the most prestigious research degree is, __(27)__, awarded for a piece of research which shows great depth and considerable originality. It is expected to make a significant __(28)__ to our knowledge of and understanding of a problem. It usually involves at least four years full-time research.Thirdly, and the least commonly, there are the honorary degrees. These are, for example, the Doctor of Letter, the Doctor of Science or the Doctor of Laws. These awards may be—in fact often are — awarded to people who have __(29)__ been to university at all. They are very often in fact given to people who have distinguished themselves in some field of non-academic activity outside. Thus the university may wish to __(30)__ a famous writer by giving him a Doctor of Letter or a famous politician by giving him or her a Doctor of Laws.21. A. satisfactory B. satisfyingC. satisfiedD. satisfy22. A. best B. firstC. goodD. easiest23. A. obtained B. offeredC. presentedD. provided24. A. survey B. investigationC. researchD. work25. A. only B. butC. beforeD. soon26. A. unthinkable B. possibleC. predictableD. substantial27. A. on the other hand B. consequentlyC. above allD. straightforwardly28. A. devotion B. prescriptionC. subscriptionD. contribution29. A. well B. neverC. everD. once30. A. honor B. awardC. offerD. affordPart IV. Reading Comprehension (15%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 3 passages. After each passage there are 5 questionsor unfinished statements followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that can best answer the question or complete the statement, and then on your ANSWER SHEET, find the number of the question and mark your answer with a single line through the center.Passage 1Finding meaning in work has been the pet phrase of my generation, the generation that included the first Peace Corps workers, the first American soldiers to die without the whole-hearted support of the folks back home, the first Civil Rights workers; and the first computer geeks, the first junk bond traders, the first everyday millionaires.As an information-based society replaces a manufacturing-based society, workers question how their work matters, much the same as displaced farmhands sought meaning on the assembly line two generations ago. Keystrokes, screen blips, bits and bytes of data do not have the satisfying look and feel of accomplishment. The depersonnelized millennium is here.My work in the job placement field puts me at the intersection where job seekers meet business’ priorities at cross-purposes. My job is to pave the ramp for my clients, people with disabilities. For most of the people I see, getting to the point of being ready to look for work has been a major journey.The younger workers have struggled to obtain an education while learning to accommodate to a physical or mental disability. They have encountered discrimination. Some of them are entering professions where they have already been told, “You can’t do that.”Older workers I see are coping with a disability that has developed gradually with age or suddenly in an accident. For many of these, the shift from being able-bodied to being “one of those disabled people” is pretty hard. The stress on them and their families is incredible.For these workers, today’s robust economy provides a good chance. Employers are often willing to take a moment to consider the benefits of hiring workers with disabilities. When an applicant has an opportunity to display his or her abilities and to demonstrate to an employer how those abilities match the employer’s needs, hiring often occurs. It is not different for applicants with disabilities.One of the reasons my job is so satisfying is that I have the chance to stand beside my clients while they go through their transformation from dependence to independence. For some, the first steps are tentative, filled with wonder, like Mary, who said, when we had finished her resume, “You make me sound so special, like someone they would want to hire.” For others, that first meeting can be difficult, as we feel each other out and they make the decision to trust.Most of my clients do succeed in finding employment; some even find meaningful work with the first job. Part of the work we do together is designed to discover, in the pros and cons of the new position, What meaning the position may produce for my client; and to set the client up to expect and to recognize the job’s intrinsic rewards.The fun part is the celebration, when my client calls to say, “Guess what?” Even when there is no call, when I hear later that the client told someone, “I got this job all by myself,” I am satisfied, because that is the sound of independence.31.We can infer from this passage that __________ .A.people engaged in farm work easily find job satisfactionB.manufacturing workers find it hard to get job satisfactionC. a sense of accomplishment is essential to job satisfaction.D.as society changes, people’s view of job satisfaction changes too32. What do we learn about the author from this passage?A.He is disabled.B.He often encounters discrimination.C.He helps disabled people find jobs.D.He’s dissatisfied with his employer.33. For a disabled person to find employment, he has to __________ .A.demonstrate that his abilities match the needs of the employerB.prepare a resume that sounds special to the prospective employerC.meet with a job placement worker to weigh the pros and cons of the positionD.accommodate to his physical or mental disability34. One of the reasons why the author finds his job satisfying is that __________ .A.he can help his clients to enter professions where they have already been refusedB.he helps his clients overcome the incredible stress on themselves and their familiesC.he can prepare for this clients a resume that attracts prospective employersD.he sees his clients go through the transformation from dependence to independence35. What does the client mean when he calls to say “Guess what”?A. He’s found meaning in work.B.He’s got the job he desired.C.He’s got a job all by himself.D.He’s going to hold a celebration.Passage 2The century we left behind was a remarkable century, full of triumphs, and full of tragedies. The tragedies included the two most destructive wars in history, as well as a cold war. Indeed, if deterrence had not worked, the Cold War could have led to the supreme tragedy, a nuclear holocaust that would have ended civilization. But the triumph was that deterrence did work, and we did survive the Clod War.The twentieth century also saw the collapse of many of the great European monarchies and the tragic emergence of fascism and other forms of dictatorships. But by the end of the century, democracy was on the rise, surely a hopeful note on which to begin the new century. The twentieth century also gave the United States the Great Depression, an economic tragedy of unprecedented depth, length, and extent. Indeed, its consequences were so profound that it raised questions about the viability（生存性）of the free market system. But by the end of the century, market economics was in ascendancy everywhere. It is well established and clearly successful in North America, and Southeast Asia, Japan, and the Tiger countries, and is rapidly evolving in China, South America, and South Asia.And the century saw unprecedented developments in technology: airplanes and helicopters; missiles and space vehicles; radio and television; computers and the Internet; antibiotics and bioengineering; nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. All of these remarkable developments were a product of the twentieth century. The tragedy was that this technology was used to create weapons of unprecedented destructive power. To date we have avoided the widespread use of these weapons, which is a qualified triumph. But the unqualified triumph of technology is that it hascreated vast amounts of new wealth, thereby fueling the economic engine that has brought an unprecedented prosperity to much of the world. And there is much more to come; the computer and semiconductor revolutions still have a full head of steam. And the remarkable and explosive growth we have seen these past few years in the Internet is only the tip of an iceberg. Even though the Internet is the subject of extravagant investments and excessive publicity, it is unlikely that we are overestimating the transforming power of the information revolution it is spearheading. Five hundred years after the information revolution brought on by the introduction of the printing press, we truly have started a new information revolution. And no one yet fully grasps just how profound the economic, social, and political consequences of the new information age that we are now entering will be.36. According to the author, what prevented the destruction of human civilization?A.Unprecedented development of technology.B.The triumph of democracy.C.The defeat of fascism.D.Nuclear deterrence.37. When the Great Depression came, many people thought __________ .A.it was the supreme human tragedyB.fascism would triumph over democracyC.the free market system could not surviveD.nothing short of a revolution could end the crisis38.What does the author mean by “market economics was in ascendancy”?A.Market economics was rapidly developing.B.Market economics was quite successful.C.Market economics was predominant.D.Market economics was swell established.39.What is the unqualified triumph of the technology of the 20th century?A.It has led to a remarkable and explosive growth of the Internet.B.It has helped avoid the widespread use of atomic weapons.C.It has brought wealth to the greater part of the world.D.It has brought on a new information revolution.40.What does the author think of the Internet?A.It has absorbed too much investment and created too much publicity.B.Its potential growth still remains hidden to our view.C.It will lead to a remarkable and explosive growth of the economy.D.Its power of transformation is overestimated.Passage 3There is a theory that human beings are, functionally speaking, viruses preying on their host: Mother Earth.I thought of that last week when I read a report that human beings, not disease or climate changes, are probably responsible for the disappearance of many species from the globe.We are a meat-eating virus, and anything meat-like better watch out. We allow some meat-like things to live – indeed, we encourage them to breed even when they don’t want to. But we do them no favors; being a pre-steak cow is not exactly a life of ease and pleasure.But we destroy more than meat creatures. We tear up the ground looking for items of utility and beauty. We foul the air we breathe and the water we drink because we don’t consider the consequences.That is the nature of viruses, though – they don’t reason well. They do not appreciate the idea of cause and effect. Imagine how surprised and irritated a virus is when its host dies. “Ooops, gotta go to Plan B. Ooops, I have no Plan B.”Because a successful virus can be transmitted from host to host, the species lives on. However, our host is Earth itself, and there just is no viable metaphorical equivalent of Earth transferring its little people-shaped viruses to another host.I know: colonies on the moon. Cities on Mars. Yeah, well, good luck. As a Plan B, it doesn’t have a lot to recommend it. It might be nicer to make fine adjustments to Plan A.I don’t mind being a virus. Sure, they get a bad press from the human-centric press, but viruses are just trying to get along like everything else. They do not kill for sport. They don’t waste any natural resources on silly status-linked devices.Viruses have been around a lot longer than humans. If we are viruses, we should begin to take lessons from our betters. We should be viruses with a sense of dignity and purpose. We should be viruses in the game for the long haul.There is a general cultural portrait (描绘) of environmentalists as impractical dreamers who don’t understand that Darwinian necessity of humans to conquer, control, manipulate and destroy. That is how we win the battle, after all. Look at history!Well, no. That is how we win the battle against other humans. That is how the French humans beat the English humans. But the looming (正在逼近的) challenge is something different. The looming challenge is how to maximize our potential as viruses.Lesson of the universe: Nothing is immortal. The only choices are long life or short life. We select the former. As viruses, we know that our long life depends on the long life of our host. We work like demons to keep Mother Earth happy; we stay happy too. It’s interdependence.41.In what ways does the author say we humans are like viruses?A.We kill other species for sport.B.We have got no plans about our future.C.We move from one host to another.D.We never care about the ease and pleasure of others.42.In what way are humans different from viruses, according to the author?A.We are aware that when the host thrives, we thrive.B.We live with a sense of dignity and purpose.C.We waste our resources for no practical purposes.D.We are capable of thinking in terms of cause and effect.43.What is the looming challenge facing the humans?A.Finding another host, such as the moon or Mars.B.Making the best of Mother Earth for our survival.C.Checking the consequences of our actions every day.D.Protecting the endangered species.44.According to the author, the Darwinian theory ________ .A.is totally misunderstood by idealistic environmentalistsB.is not understood by humans in the present situationC.teaches us to conquer, control, manipulate and destroyD.shows that nothing is immortal in the struggle for survival45.In writing this essay, the author intends to call on us humans ________ .A.to unite in our struggle against other speciesB.to reconsider and revaluate the Darwinian theoryC.to stop eating meat and causing pain to other speciesD.to preserve Earth and use what it offers sparinglyPart V. Translation (15%)Section A (7%)Directions: Read the following passage in English carefully and translate it into Chinese in the space provided on the ANSWER SHEET.The Union victories at Gettysburg (葛底斯堡) in July, 1863, marked a definite turning point in the war. Both sides now had equally well-trained, brave soldiers, and Robert E. Lee (罗伯特.E.李) and Ulysses, S. Grant (尤利西兹. S. 格兰特), superior generals. But the North, with its larger population and comparatively enormous industry, enjoyed a tremendous material advantage and finally won the war.The long war was over. The Union was saved and slavery was abolished. The Civil War brought death to more Americans than did any other war, including World War II. The war cost untold billions and nourished rather than canceled hatreds, which persisted for decades. Monuments commemorating Civil War figures and events are conspicuous in almost all sizable Northern towns and are even more numerous in the South.Section B (8%)Directions: Read the following passage in Chinese carefully and translate it into English in the space provided on the ANSWER SHEET.科学是一门知识，是解决工业、农业、战争和医疗方面技术问题的非常有用的工具。
天津大学翻译硕士考研真题资料含答案解析
天津大学翻译硕士考研真题资料含答案解析天津大学翻译硕士考研复习都是有依据可循的,考研学子关注事项流程为：考研报录比-大纲-参考书-资料-真题-复习经验-辅导-复试-导师，缺一不可。
在所有的专业课资料当中，真题的重要性无疑是第一位。
分析历年真题，我们可以找到报考学校的命题规律、题型考点、分值分布、难易程度、重点章节、重要知识点等，从而使我们的复习备考更具有针对性和侧重点，提高复习备考效率。
真题的主要意义在于，它可以让你更直观地接触到考研，让你亲身体验考研的过程，让你在做题过程中慢慢对考研试题形成大致的轮廓，这样一来，你对考研的"畏惧感"便会小很多。
天津大学翻译硕士考研人数越来越多的，录取人数逐年递增，还是持续扩招的形式，所以学弟学妹们可以放心报考了。
实际上我此篇主要是想说天津大学翻译硕士考研真题等资料是很好找到的，并没有贴吧里那些叽叽喳喳寻求资料的孩子们说的那么困难，可能他们一直在找免费的资料吧，但是哪怕本专业的学长学姐转手自己的资料都是要钱的，所以略微有些贵那些孩子就受不了了，本心认为学姐出的资料就应该免费分享出来而不是收取费用。
实际上近期我看到不少人在我发过的帖子下发很多可爱的表情找我要资料，我都没有回复，为什么呢？因为我只有一份，给谁我肯定要收一份的费用的，如果我直接送给亲朋好友可以不收费用，可是毫无关系的人来一口一个学姐你把资料给我吧，我找资料很困难，真的很需要，我考上以后一定请学姐吃饭......等说辞。
看似天真无邪，实则骗取免费资料。
所以我干脆把贴子删了，资料也送给表妹了，外加结合现成资料加上自己笔记标记重点的册子。
在这里直接告知大家我的资料是天津考研网主编的《天津大学翻译硕士专业（MTI）考研红宝书H1》，笔者通过总结自己考研材料针对天津大学MTI考试科目与具体题型给出具体的复习素材，复习建议，每章节复习重点。
非常贴合实际，与我的复习进度吻合，节奏一致。
我在使用过程中依照标记的哪些难理解，哪些重点背诵去使用、巩固。
开放英语(专) 天津大学期末考试资料题库及答案
大学英语（专）单选1.A: I like documentaries on TV.B:（###）A. So am IB. So do IC. So have I[答案]:B2. A: I am from England.B:（###）A. So am IB. So do IC. So have I[答案]:A3.A: I have a light breakfast early in the morning.B:（###）A. So have IB. Me tooC. So am I[答案]:B4. A:I don't get up late on Sundays.B:（###）A. Neither have IB. Neither am IC. Neither do I[答案]:C5.A: I haven't got a car.B:（###）A. Neither have IB. Neither do IC. Neither am I[答案]:A6.A:（###）is the nearest chemist's?B: On the corner.A. WhatB. WhereC. How[答案]:B7.A:（###）was the meeting like?B: It was very exciting.A. HowB. WhatC. Why[答案]:A8.A:（###）time do you have lunch?B: I usually have lunch at 12.A. WhereB. WhatC. When[答案]:B9.A:（###）will the meal take?B: It'll take two hours, I think.A. How longB. How manyC. How much[答案]:A10.（###）people are coming for the party?A. How oftenB. How muchC. How many[答案]:C[章节]:1-1[难度]:A11.This radio is（###）than that one.A. more expensiveB. very expensiveC. as expensive[答案]:A12.James is（###）French than Polly.A. a bit better atB. a bit more good atC. a bit good at[答案]:A13.This watch is（###）that one.A. as expensive asB. very expensive than。
天津大学硕士研究生英语期末考试试题
ENGLISH FINAL EXAMFOR MASTERS OF ENGINEERNINGNAME__________ MAJOR__________ STUDENT NO: ______________ Part one: Vocabulary and Structure (20%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 20 incomplete sentences each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you think is the best answer. Mark your choice ticking the corresponding letter before the choice.1.This issue ______ interesting reading because it tells how these people made theirmoney and, indirectly, how the country has changed over the years.A. accounts forB. serves asC. makes forD. makes use of2.Jane used to be slow in class, but now she is ______.A. getting alongB. getting aheadC. getting byD. getting above3.Paul ______ me very much of a schoolmate I used to know at university.A. remembersB. remindsC. recallsD. recollects4.Don’t count your chickens before they are ______.A. hatchedB. harvestedC. hurriedD. hastened5.Several car manufactures will ______ half of their workers because of economicdifficulty.A. discountB. disposeC. bootD. disclose6.They had ______ funds to cover the cost of the trip.A. ampleB. luxuryC. sampleD. superb7.All living things have certain _______ that are passed on from one generation tothe next.A. cellsB. virusesC. flawsD. attributes8.She ______ her mother’s good looks and her father’s bad temper.A. inheritedB. inhabitedC. hinderedD. objected9.It is for this reason ______ he refused to take the job.A. whyB. whenC. thatD. so10.Who ______ that spoke first at yesterday’s meeting?A. was itB. wasC. it wasD. did11.It wasn’t ______ personal interests that they did all this.A. becauseB. onlyC. justD. for12.Hardly ______ the people ran toward it.A. had the plane landed whenB. had the plane landed thanC. the plane landed beforeD. the plane was landing that13.No sooner ______ than he realized that he should have remained silent.A. had the words been spokenB. the words had spokenC. the words had been spokenD. had the words spoken14.You’d rather not do it, ______?A. shouldn’t youB. wouldn’t youC. would youD. ought you15.We never dared to ask him a question, ______?A. did weB. doesn’t itC. dared weD. daren’t we16. Unlike hackers, who gain unauthorized ______ to computer or telecommunicationsystems for the challenge or even the principle of it, crackers do so for malicious purposes.A. passwordB. entryC. accessD. approach17. There are four factories in our institute, _________ over 200 workers.A. with eachB. each havingC. each hasD. with each has18. By conservative ______ 80% of humanity still can’t use written languageeffectively.A. estimatesB. estimatedC. estimationsD. estimating19. With ______ her do this, she will have no difficulty persuading them to accept herplan.A. my helpingB. mine helpingC. me helpingD. I help20. Only rarely do people’s jobs, spouses and children ______ these imagined ideals.A. live up toB. agree withC. meet withD. realizesPart two: Cloze (10%)Directions: In this part of the test, there is an incomplete passage with 10 blanks. For each blank in the passage, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you think that can best complete the passage and mark your answer by ticking the corresponding letter before the choice.When Forbes published its first list in 1982, five of the top ten were in the Hunt family that drilled Texas __1__ holes and hit a lot of gushers, which reminds us of advice __2__ billionaire J. Paul Getty on how to get ahead in the world: rise early, work hard, strike oil. Getty got his big start the __3__ way—from his father’s money.The original list 14 years ago was __4__ Rockefellers, and Du Ponts, a Frick, a Whitney, Mellon or two—all great family fortunes that stretched back to the 19th century. The word “inheritance” appeared in the biographies 75 times.There weren’t as many old-money fortunes on last year’s list—which leads to some c onclusions about wealth in America. First, it’s not easy to __5__ money, even for millionaires. Taxes put a big __6__ in family fortunes, and unless the heirs are careful and invest wisely, they can lose their millions as fast as their ancestors made them. Second, the old ways to riches aren’t as __7__ as they used to be. Besides the three Du Pont entries, only 43 of the 400 entries on the most recent Forbes list represent people who got __8__ through inheritance. And only 18 in the latest 400 made their fo rtunes from oil, so Getty’s quote no longer __9__ as true as it once did. Third, America is still the land of opportunity where smart young people like Bill Gates of Microsoft can __10__ on top of the list of richest Americans ahead of the Rockefellers, Mellons, Gettys and Carnegies.1. A. into B. full of C. with D. through2. A. attributed to B. contributed to C. accounted for D. brought about3. A. old-fashion B. old-fashionable C. old-fashioned D. unfashionable4. A. crawling with B. filling with C. popular with D. credited with5. A. hold down B. contain C. grasp D. hold on to6. A. edge B. dent C. disadvantage D. effect7. A. impressive B. dependable C. influential D. available8. A. there B. away C. on D. in9. A. looks B. rings C. views D. takes10. A. end up B. show C. arrive at D. raise upPart three: Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 3 passages. The passages are followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of the questions and unfinished statements there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you think is the best answer. Mark your choice ticking the corresponding letter before the choice.Passage 1When your parents advise you to "get an education" in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you will be occupationally dead unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can successfully drop out in grade school.Get a college degree, if possible. With a B.A., you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a master's degree, make sure it is an M.B.A., and is famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect.Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was '24000. While the full professors managed to earn just '23030.A Ph.D. is the highest degree you can get. Except for a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, if you pursue such a degree in any other field, you will face a dim future. there are more Ph.D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world.If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or-worst of all-in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes, driving cars, waiting on table, and endlessly filling out applications month after month. They may also take a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns.You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.1. According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who ______.A. will not be a disgrace to societyB. will become loyal citizensC. can take care of themselvesD. can meet the nation's demands as a source of manpower2. Many Ph.D.s are out of job because ______.A. they are improperly educatedB. they are of little commercial value to their societyC. there are fewer jobs in high schoolsD. they prefer easier jobs that make more money3. The nation is only interested in people ______.A. with diplomasB. who specialize in physics and chemistryC. who are valuable to the gross national productD. both A and C4. Which of the following is not true?A. Bernard Shaw didn't finish high schools, nor did Edison.B. One must think carefully before pursuing a master degree.C. The higher your education level, the more money you will earn.D. If you are too well-educated, you'll be overeducated for society's demands.5. The writer sees education as ______.A. a means of providing job security and financial security and a means of meeting a country's demands for technical workersB. a way to broaden one's horizonsC. more important than finding a jobD. an opportunity that everyone should havePassage 2The agricultural revolution in the nineteenth century involved two things the invention of labor-saving machinery and the development of scientific agriculture. Labor-saving machinery naturally appeared first where labor was scarce. "In Europe", said Thomas Jefferson, "the object is to make the most of their land, labor being abundant; here it is to make the most of our labor, lard being abundant". It was in America, there fore, that the great advances in nineteenth-century agricultural machinery first came. At the opening of the century, with the exception of a crudeplow, farmers could have carried practically all of the existing agricultural implements on their backs: by 1860, most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an early form. The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow. As early as 1990 Charles Newbold of New Jersey had been working on the idea of a cast-iron plow and spent his entire fortune in introducing his invention. The farmers, however, would home none of it, claiming that the iron poisoned the soil and made the weeds grow. Nevertheless many people devoted their attention to the plow, until in 1869, James Oliver of South Bend, Indiana, turned out the first chilled-steel plow.6. The word "here" (Para. 1, line. 4) refers to ______.A. EuropeB. AmericaC. New JerseyD. Indiana7. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A. The reed for labor helped the invention of machinery in America.B. The farmer rejected Charles Newbold's plow for fear of ruin of their field.C. Both Europe and America had great need of farm machinery.D. It was in Indiana that the first chilled-steel plow was produced.8. The passage is mainly about ______.A. the agricultural revolutionB. the invention of labor-saving machineryC. the development of scientific agricultureD. the farming machinery in America9. At the opening of the nineteenth-century, farmers in America ______.A. preferred light toolsB. were extremely self-reliantC. had many portable toolsD. had very few tools10. Implied but not stated ______.A. There was a shortage of workers on American farmsB. The most important of the early inventions was the iron plowC. After 1869,many people devoted their attention to the plowD. Charles Newbolt had made a fortune by his cast-iron plowPassage 3We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as "regular" coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands wereintroduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline). The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military? Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections. Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.11. According to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will ______.A. decrease graduallyB. become unstableC. improve enormouslyD. remain at the same level12. The first paragraph tells us that a new product is ______.A. usually introduced to satisfy different tastesB. often more expensive than old onesC. often inferior to old ones at firstD. not easily accepted by the public13. Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to ______.A. work out marketing policiesB. increase its popularityC. promote its productionD. speed up its life cycle14. The author mentions the example of "backpacks" (Line 4, Para.2) to show theimportance of ______.A. increasing usage among studentsB. exploring new market sectionsC. pleasing the young as well as the oldD. serving both military and civil needs15. In order to recover their share of the world market, U.S. auto makers are ______.A. improving product qualityB. re-positioning their product in the marketC. modernizing product styleD. increasing product featuresPart four: TranslationSection A: (15%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 5 sentences from your textbook. Translate the sentences into Chinese and write your Chinese versions of the sentences in the space provided below.1.Engineers should be curious about the “how” and “why” of natural andmechanical things and creative in finding new ways of doing things, able to analyze problems systematically and logically and to communicate well, and willing to work within strict budgets and meet tight deadlines.2.I acquired a very strong work ethic from my parents, both of whom lived throughthe Great Depression.3.It is estimated that the new interaction between computers and Net technologywill have significant influence on the industry of the future.4.Eventually, you may reach the point where you can afford to spend the rest ofyour life at the side of a swimming pool with a drink in your hand, but you probably won’t.5.Two people may choose different brands of toothpaste with the identical price,amount, and quality; each person believes that he or she is expressing his personality by choosing that brand.Section B: (10%)Directions: In this part of the test, there is a short passage. Read the passage carefullyand translate it into English. Write your translation of the passage in the space provided below.节省、积累可观的财富，不是自动完成的。
天津大学研究生英语公共网上作业听力材料
天津大学研究生英语公共网上作业听力材料Unit5A:good morning,Steve.B:hey,Carol.what did you do this weekend?A:well, let me think.Paul and I played tennis on Saturday. And yesterday we just stayed in and did chores in the house. And you?B:my brother fixed me up with some kind of his homework on Friday . we went out for dinner and caught a movie. We had a nice time.but nothing really special.C:hi,you guys.A:hey,panpas how is going?C:but I wouldn’t want to be the person who left the office open all the weekend.Mr Jonhson came in early this morning, and found the door unlocked.he is furying.B:oh no. was anything taken?C:not as he found so far, but still anyone could right in.A:wow , did you have any idea who it was? Who was the last one to leave on Friday. C:well. It was probably Luke. He usurally closes it up.B:Luke, who is Luke?A:you know, the new acceptionist. Poor kid, I hope he doesn’t get fired over this.C:I’ve heard that he has already messed u p some phone messages. I happen to know he comes late a few times.this is probably the last straw.A:boy, It’s a good thing that nothing was stolen. Someone could have taken the computers, the printers, the copiers. Who knows what it’s else.B:yeah,well. I f I were Mr Jonhson, I wouldn’t be too hardwho ever did it. I am sure it was undelibrate. Er. Carol ,can I tell you something?A:sure Steve what is it?B:I think I was the one who left the door open.A:oh,Steve, are you sure?B:well, I stayed a little late on Friday. There was some work I need to finish up. Luke definitely left before I did. I got busy with some stuff and I rememberred the date. I was so worried about being late for my date .i didn’t even think about locking the door. I’d better go and tell Johnson right away. I don’t want anyone to get fired on my account.A:well, if I were you ,I’d wait till he cools down a little. You know what short fury Jonhson has. Maybe you don’t have to tell him at all. It’s possible he won’t blame Luke anyway.B:what if Luke tells I was there when he left. I did have to sign out of the lobby, supposed he found I was the last one to go. I don’t want finish.i am really up to the crick.A:good point. You’d better to tell him.i am sure he’ll respect you for that.B:yeah, I surly hope so.Pannel discussionDoug: today’s topic is honesty. There has been a lot discussions lately about what is perceived of a drop in values. I’d like to ask you T om do you think people today are basically honest or bascially dishonest.Tom: I’ve been relatively the past. I don’t think human natures change whole a lot. I think we just inherit a little bit and more.Doug:ok. How would categorise us now would you say people are basically honest or dishonest?Tom:I think that most people have central moral values, but circumstantially, that people are faced with the situation where they could lose something , or have something to gain by being dishonesty degrees. That human nature human nature tends to fudge the truth a little bit when it is beneficial to do so.Doug:what do you think , Linda?Linda:I think there times when you prefer not to tell the whole truth saying wha t’s really on your mind is not very nice.so you keep the surface smooth , to make things easier. You maybe fudge a little ,tell a little white lies. Someone says what do you think my new ties? Oh , it’s looks very nice on you.Tom:thank you.Linda:when actually you think why do you pick out that tie Doug:how about you Tom? Do you have some concrete examples of how honesty can make situation better or perhaps make it even worse?Tom:one the environment we really have a lot of is experience human behaviors on our job. And I know that there are several individuals that I work with that have helped to really solve complicated problems. Where there have been conflicting interestings or a political thing. You know thing’s going on. And there was one individual particular who because of the fact she was very open and honest about these.it’s very interesting to find out what was true. What makes the things work? That really influence the whole situation. We are pretty soon every she was behaving that way because the fact she said very powerful president for that type of behavior. Doug:tha’t very interesting. Have you experienced something like that Linda? Linda:no, I am listening to him. Thinking that how important is that for someone to come out and say maybe what other people don’t want tohear. Or to say something that is against the accepted practice in the office, and to come out to present the new point of the view. And not to be afraid to do it.Dough:we’ve talked a lot about theory. Arain could relate an event where someone did something was honesty towards you ?Adrain:sure, it was about three and a half years ago. I was in a trip. And I happened to leave my credit card next to a shear someone else.actually no one from the place I was .no from the store but it was actually someone who found it the credit card. And they immediately called the company of my bank.and I had a call from the bank actually next day . they left a message saying that someone found my credit card even before I had noticed. That actually happened, it was really surprsing .i am very happy ,of course.Doug:how about you Linda?Linda:I can’t think of anyting. I am s ure it has happened to me I am so caught up in Adrain’s story.it’s kind of restores facing human nature to hear stories like that and I always try to be honest. And my instinct is to be honest. I hope never to be put into a terrible test. If I’ve found a l ot of money , I would return it , I know I would.Doug:how about you Tom?Tom:the only thing I can think is when I was in school in university , I lived in a town that eveybody was friendly and neighbourly and trusted each other. And we never locked our ho use where we lived. As a matter of the fact we don’t need a key. We’ll go away on breaks two weeks at a time leave all our belongings stay in a cupboard in our open house.and I thought twice about it. It seemed a long time ago.Doug:well ,you’ve said some very thoughtful working things , thank you for joining us.Unit 6A:where did you come from?B:I don’t know.i don’t know where I am.A:what’s the matter?you got a visa.签证B:a visa , I don’t know what that is.C:you got an ID,huh?B:ID, what’s ID?A:you know identification. Drivers’s licence,credit card.ATM card.something like that.B:I am sorry , I don’t know what you are talking about.C:let’s start over.how did you get here?B:I don’t know. I was just about to give my wife this loaf for her birthday, there were thunders and lightning. Then all of a sudden , I was here.with you .i don’t know what’s going on?A:you don’t look very good ,buddy .are you sick? Do you need a restroom?B:restroom? Is there a room for resting here? Actually ,that may be a good idea.C:oh ,no, a restroom.you know a bathroom.B:bathroom? I know need a bath. I need to get back home.the Sanhosy, do you know the way?C:this is Sanhosy.A:do you know the way to the Sanhosy?B:this it is?C:come on , Bobby ,this guy needs help.B:what is this place?C:what do you mean what this is the place? This is the mall. The food court.B:what’s the mall, food court.A:you got be kidding.let’s get discussing secret something, I am a little worried about him. I want you stay here. I’ll go calling, get him something to eat.C:good idea.so are you hungry?B:well yes , I could get something to eat.C:maybe somet food will make you better. So what do you have?D:hi, I am Jenifer, I’ll be your server today. Are you ready to order?C:well, you decided.B:I don’t know any of what this it is?C:ok,let’s see.how about a hot dog.B:dog? They serve dog here. I couldn’t eat a dog.C:it’s not a dog . it’s a hot dog.never mind. Just bring us two cheeseburg well done.and two cokes.D:sure thing , I’ll be right back with your orders.C:oh what’s wrong?B:the date on this thing? The yearC:what about it?B:it’s 2000, it’s not 2000.it’s 1900, isn’t it? What’s going on ?C:yes you need help.B:what’s that thing?C:a cellphone.B:a cellphone? May I?A:well, Jenny is on the way.where is the guy?C:I don’t know. There is a flash and he just disappeared.boy, this guy is ready for the lunabing ,you know what this guy said.he said it was 1900.A:1900. takes all kinds.C:my phone. This guy must swap it.Pannel discussionHost: I want to talk about the culture. But in this paticular this is culture and relationship to travel. In other words, you like to travel and you go to different countries. and you feel like a fish out of water. Have you ever had any experience like that, Tom?Tom:I went to Asia back in the early 70’s, and specially to Japan on a tour. and I felt very very comfortable in the whole ,you know culture of Japan. so much so it . I realised I had stayed there for a longer period of time that I could simulate I think could rather quickly.Host: what was about the culture that just.Tom:I don’t know. i give just Something just gives you the feeling of familarity. Being familiar? And there was so much about that the culture and that feels familiar to me.that feels much like at home.Host:ok. Adrain , I know you are from Mexico. now you are living in the united states. what was that transition for you ,how did you when you came here?Adrain: it wasn’t too bad. i t’s I think it’s easy in one way .I actually had experience life in Europe almost two years in Europe. Going to America is more like going home after being in Europe. Being in Europe is actually a little bit foreign to me than being here in United States for whatever reason.Host: and did you find people were helpful to you or not?Adrain:it was not to hard for me to meet people. And I did get the opportunity of meeting local people as well as foreign people.it made me very easy to make that transiton.Host:thank you.Peter: I think it’s fasinating with T om saying w hen he visited another country learnand serve the culture about . I think it’s a shame that so many of us Americans, when we go abroad to like exotic vacations. you know you stay in the resort. You don’t go out and venture out to experience the customs traditions of people who live there. you know it’s such a world and we can so much about it. Too many people just go there , and they want to lie by the swimming pool or whatever.Adrain:you said what said. also to be very accepting circumstances. And that’s easy for you and for others to break ice and you can get a lot from that experience.Host:Peter you were born in the United States, but you visted China .what was that experience like ?what did you?Peter:I actually I never been to the mainland. But I have been to Taiwan and other Asia countries like Tailand and Singapore.you know it was I think I almost feel like a going-home even thoug I was never born there and never been to those places. It’s almost like going-home and feeling this is real home.it was people were very friendly and my speaking Chinese ability was limited before but I learened a lot more as I was there .you know I learned a lot more about my culture.Host:so it’s nice the interaction of different cultures and travelling and meeting people here.thank you very much for your thoughts and the subject .very interesting.Unit 8A:and so I was trying to tell this joke,you know. And there were a whole bunch of there.but after every sentence Mildred was interrupted and say what ,what is that mean. It was driving me crazy. Mildred whatever those people who never get the joke.B:yeah, she is so out of it.C:can you believe those clothes?that the kind of stuff people wear to costume parties.they look at something out of 50s.D:I actually offered go s hopping with her.but she wouldn’t go, I thought I was doing her favor.she is the kind of the person who is too cheap to spend money on clothes. If it were me it would be a shame to walk like that.C:the thing is so .she is not that bad looking.she is just such a dull.B:is she married?do you know?D:I have no clue.A:boyfrieds.B:you can’t be serious.who would go out with someoneD:Ramona, what’s wrong?Ramona:you ask me what’s wrong? I’ve got the big problem the way you are all talking about Mildred. She is a human being you know.B:oh come on , we didn’t mean anything by it.besides everyone kids around Mildred.it’s only talk.it’s harmless.Ramona:harmless. I don’t think so.D:Ramona, come off it. You are making a great big deal of nothing.Ramona:maybe so,but I don’t want to be part of it. It’s wrong and it makes me really uncomfortable.D:where are you going?Ramona:back to my office.D:well , go ahead ,just go ahead .be self-righteous.Mrs goody-goody.Ramona:helloD:hi!Ramona.this is Lisa.before you hang up .let me tell you .Ramona:I am not going to hang up,Lisa.I’ve been thinking about what happened in the other day. I think overacted.D:I am really sorry. I said you were being self-righteous.Ramona:it’s ok. It’s just I felt so sorry for Mildred. I know she is a little weird. But you are not the kind of the person who makes fun of themD:you were right to get mad. We did say some pretty mean things. I feel really awful. Poor Mildred. What jerks we were?Ramona:Lisa, god subject has a life of its own sometimes. Don’t be so hard on yourself.D:Ramona, you were really friend.i don’t deserve you. I am sorry .Ramona:I am sorry too.D:I know what. How about lunch tomorrow? My treat.Ramona:deal.Pannel discussionHost:good deeds is our topic for today. We all like to do some good in the world.Peter ,have you ever been involved in any charitable organization?Peter: yes, I have. First of all , I affirm to belive in giving back to the community. We get so much during the course of our life. It’s very important to give back.so other people can benefit also. I’ve been involved very closely with my neighbourhood organization.and we organize clean-ups, drives for the hunger.so you know it’s very important part of the people’s life of the thing.Host: how about you ,mimi?Mimi:yes, actually I do a lot of volunteer work. I volunteer at local grammar school. I also volunteer at community organiztion.Host:great, how about you , Linda?Linda:well, also. I think it’s very important to give back when you life are a fortunate one.and you have the means to help. I make regular donations to certain charities. And I am very involved in the neighbourhood. Because I think it’s very important you do things close to home. But I would say a good deed that makes the most differences of someone’s life was I got involved in is getting a young man out of prison who was wrongfully convicted. And with the help of some lawers, we managed to set right and justice. And that’s something that I feel my own life was enriched by doing this. Peter:like Linda was saying. We were so fortunately ,especially in the United States.we have so much and there is a lot of people out there who are less fortunate who for some reason their life went wrong. And they need helping hands sometimes. Host:so you had ,say, a lot of money. There is on object and you had plenty of time ,what charity might you pick to devote your time and money to?Peter: I would probably look into something that would benefit the children. I think regardless of what neighbourhood they live in ? what community they come from? What backgroud they are ? they are the future of our world , I think no child should be thought of as who should be wasted .Linda:when I look at all of the requests I get from donations.I can’t give to them all.A few years ago I decided that I would concentrate on those things that helped children. For the same reason you said.Mimi:I would like to start a scholarship, foundation or something to help disadvantaged children college or even better high school. Something like that. Host:perhaps you’ve on the receiving end of some charitable or good deed ,can you tell me a little bit about that?Peter:when I was younger, I come from a family that a very modest means. That my father was cooking in the restaurant, my mother was a stitcher. We didn’t have a lot and I remember there was an older teenager in my neighour who took me a younger brother almost, he took me to movies, baseball games and there was just a fun enriched my life because this person really remembered my fam ily and didn’t know me well originately. He was willing to treat me like his younger brother. It impressed me. Now I feel the same way .i want to do things for other people in that same way . because you know you did n’t have to but he wanted to.soHost: t hat’s wonderful .thank you for sharing your experiences.it’s good talking with you.。
天津大学研究生英语作文范文
I.PROPOSE A SOLUTION/AN IDEA essay questions:1.The internet has transformed the way information is shared and consumed, but it hasalso created problems that did not exist before. What are the most serious problems associated with the internet and what solutions can you suggest?Model AnswerThere is no doubt that the internet has revolutionized communication and information-sharing in the same way that the telegraph and the television did before it. However, societies have had to cope with unanticipated new problems, including crimes which traditional laws are powerless to prevent. This essay will address some of the illegal acts enabled by the internet and propose solutions.To begin with, the global scale of the internet means that national laws are no longer adequate to control what happens online. Take restrictions on legal reporting, for example. In some countries, the media is prohibited from revealing details of a defendant’s past in cas e this prejudices a fair trial. However, such restrictions are no longer enforceable now that information may be freely published in other countries and accessed by all. The only solution here, it seems, is to adopt global standards. Since the internet traverses national borders, the flow of information can only be controlled if all nations agree on what can and cannot be shared.Another problem concerns anonymity, as internet users can easily conceal their identity and even impersonate others. Many crimes such as identity theft and child abuse result from the ease with which criminals can operate anonymously online. Some have proposed a system of online identification, similar to a passport, which would allow all internet users to be verified and traced.I believe this idea should be explored further, though there are clearly concerns about the security of those who use the internet to protest against oppressive regimes.In conclusion, the only long-term solution to the problem of internet crime is greater international cooperation. Since the problem is global in scale, the solution must also be global. A new agency of the United Nations should be created to tackle the problems described here.2.Dieting to lose weight has become increasingly prevalent in the developed world. Whydo you think people nowadays are so concerned about body shape and size?Model AnswerIn the modern world, people are getting increasingly concerned about their body size and shape, and more and more people claim that they are “on a diet”, whatever their age and sex, and whether they are overweight or not. In this essay, I will discuss three reasons why this concern of “slimness” has become so prevalent among modern people.To begin with, advertisements encourage people to value slim figures. Advertisements often show desirable consuming products alongside slim models. TV commercials arecrammed with luxury goods represented by movie stars with narrow waistline and slender legs.Another reason is that many people have over-generalized the link between overweight and diseases, and thus slimness and health. They believe that as overweight and excessive nutrition are proved to be closely linked to many modern diseases such as stroke and diabetes, a slim figure is the only indication of health. When modern people have successfully been convinced of the danger of excessive nutrition, they also become admirers of slims figures that most people fail to keep.The third reason that people are getting concerned with body shape and size is that nowadays people often associate slimness with positive character traits. People who do not eat too much are seen as having good self-control. On the other hand, those who cannot resist the temptation of good food are viewed as lacking self-discipline and may be regarded as less desirable candidates at job interviews.In conclusion, influence from the mass media in terms of value, modern people’s over anxiety about their health and of giving positive impressions have all contributed to this concern about body shape and size. Measures must be taken so that the public get to know that if they diet too much they may become malnourished and health problems may arise as a consequence.II.EVALUATE AN IDEA/THE SOLUTION essay questions1.Space exploration is much too expensive and the money should be spent on more importantthings. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Model AnswerThere is an argument that exploring space is a waste of money and that there are more urgent needs to be addressed on earth, such as reducing poverty and preventing environmental destruction. However, I completely disagree with this opinion for two reasons.First of all, many of the technologies we take for granted today were originated thanks to space research. Take satellite technology, for example, which we depend on for broadcasting and weather forecasting. Without satellites, we would not be able to follow global events as they happen, nor give populations any warning of approaching storms. Space research has also led to the development of new lightweight materials that offer us heat protection and enable food preservation. Therefore, the challenge of sending human beings into space has often driven the development of new technologies that benefit our everyday lives.Second, we cannot foresee the distant future, so we ought to develop the capability to escape from the earth. Gradually, we are learning how humans can survive for long periods in space and even travel to other planets in the future. If space exploration is halted, this valuable knowledge will never be acquired. It is true that environmental destruction is also a serious issue, but it is also truethat we remain dependent on our environment if we never accept the challenge of exploring other worlds.In conclusion, while we undoubtedly face serious problems on our own planet, it is imperative that we continue to explore space. This will promote further technological advances as well as provide a possible means of escape should earth become uninhabitable in future. Ideally, all nations should cooperate in the advancement of space research.2.It is sometimes argued that too many students go to university, while others claim that auniversity education should be a universal right. Discuss both sides of the argument and give your own opinion.Model AnswerIn some advanced countries, it is not unusual for more than 50% of young adults to attend college or university. Critics, however, claim that many university courses are worthless and young people would be better off gaining skills in the workplace. In this essay, I will examine both sides of this argument and try to reach a conclusion.There are several reasons why university has become a popular choice for young people. First, growing prosperity in many parts of the world has increased the number of families with money to invest in their children’s future. At the same time, falling birthrates mean that one- or two-child families have become common, increasing the level of investment in each child. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that young people are willing to let their families support them until the age of 21 or 22. Furthermore, millions of new jobs have been created in knowledge industries, and these jobs are typically open only to university graduates.However, it often appears that graduates end up in occupations unrelated to their university studies. It is not uncommon for an English literature major to end up working in sales, or an engineering graduate to retrain as a teacher, for example. Some critics have suggested that young people are just delaying their entry into the workplace, rather than developing professional skills. A more serious problem is that the high cost of a university education will mean that many families are reluctant to have more than one child, exacerbating the falling birthrates in certain countries.In conclusion, while it can be argued that too much emphasis is placed on a university education, my own opinion is that the university years are a crucial time for personal development. If people enter the workplace aged 18, their future options may be severely restricted. Attending university allows them time to learn more about themselves and make a more appropriate choice of career.。
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天津大学硕士研究生英语期末考试试题（五篇材料）第一篇：天津大学硕士研究生英语期末考试试题ENGLISH FINAL EXAM FOR MASTERS OF ENGINEERNING NAME__________MAJOR__________ STUDENT NO: ______________Part one: Vocabulary and Structure(20%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 20 incomplete sentences each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D.Choose the one you think is the best answer.Mark your choice ticking the corresponding letter before the choice.1.This issue ______ interesting reading because it tells how these people made their money and, indirectly, how the country has changed over the years.A.accounts forB.serves asC.makes forD.makes use of 2.Jane used to be slow in class, but now she is ______.A.getting alongB.getting aheadC.getting byD.getting above 3.Paul ______ me very much of a schoolmate I used to know at university.A.remembersB.remindsC.recallsD.recollects 4.Don’t count your chickens before they are ______.A.hatchedB.harvestedC.hurriedD.hastened 5.Several car manufactures will ______ half of their workers because of economic difficulty.A.discountB.disposeC.bootD.disclose 6.They had ______ funds to cover the cost of the trip.A.ampleB.luxuryC.sampleD.superb 7.All living things have certain _______ that are passed on from one generation to the next.A.cellsB.virusesC.flawsD.attributes 8.She ______ her mother’s good looks and her father’s bad temper.A.inheritedB.inhabitedC.hinderedD.objected 9.It is for this reason ______ he refused to take the job.A.whyB.whenC.thatD.so 10.Who ______ that spoke first at yesterday’s meeting?A.was itB.wasC.it wasD.did 11.It wasn’t ______ personal interests that they did all this.A.becauseB.onlyC.justD.for 12.Hardly ______ the people ran toward it.A.had the plane landed whenB.had the plane landed thanC.the plane landed beforeD.the plane was landing that 13.No sooner ______ than herealized that he should have remained silent.A.had the words been spokenB.the words had spokenC.the words had been spokenD.had the words spoken 14.You’d rather not do it, ______?A.shouldn’t youB.wouldn’t youC.would youD.ought you 15.We never dared to ask him a question, ______?A.did weB.doesn’t itC.dared weD.daren’t we 16.Unlike hackers, who gain unauthorized ______ to computer or telecommunication systems for the challenge or even the principle of it, crackers do so for malicious purposes.A.password B.entryC.accessD.approach 17.There are four factories in our institute, _________ over 200 workers.A.with each B.each having C.each hasD.with each has 18.By conservative ______ 80% of humanity still can’t use written language effectively.A.estimatesB.estimatedC.estimationsD.estimating 19.With ______ her do this, she will have no difficulty persuading them to accept her plan.A.my helpingB.mine helpingC.me helpingD.I help 20.Only rarely do people’s jobs, spouses and children ______ these imagined ideals.A.live up toB.agree withC.meet withD.realizesPart two: Cloze(10%)Directions: In this part of the test, there is an incomplete passage with 10 blanks.For each blank in the passage, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D.Choose the one you think that can best complete the passage and mark your answer by ticking the corresponding letter before the choice.When Forbes published its first list in 1982, five of the top ten were in the Hunt family that drilled Texas __1__ holes and hit a lot of gushers, which reminds us of advice __2__ billionaire J.Paul Getty on how to get ahead in the world: rise early, work hard, strike oil.Getty got his big start the __3__ way—from his father’s money.The original list 14 years ago was __4__ Rockefellers, and Du Ponts, a Frick, a Whitney, Mellon or two—all great family fortunes that stretched back to the 19th century.The word “inheritance” appeared in the biographies 75 times.There weren’t as many old-money fortunes on last year’s list—which leads to some conclusions about wealth in America.First, it’s not easy to __5__ money, even for millionaires.Taxes put a big __6__ in family fortunes, and unless the heirs are careful and invest wisely, they can lose their millions as fast as their ancestors made them.Second, the old ways to riches aren’t as __7__ as they used to be.Besides the three Du Pont entries, only 43 of the 400 entries on the most recent Forbes list represent people who got __8__ through inheritance.And only 18 in the latest 400 made their fortunes from oil, so Getty’s quote no longer __9__ as true as it once did.Third, America is still the land of opportunity where smart young people like Bill Gates of Microsoft can __10__ on top of the list of richest Americans ahead of the Rockefellers, Mellons, Gettys and Carnegies.1.A.intoB.full ofC.withD.through 2.A.attributed toB.contributed toC.accounted forD.brought about 3.A.old-fashionB.old-fashionableC.old-fashionedD.unfashionable 4.A.crawling withB.filling withC.popular withD.credited with 5.A.hold downB.containC.graspD.hold on to 6.A.edgeB.dentC.disadvantageD.effect 7.A.impressiveB.dependableC.influentialD.available 8.A.thereB.awayC.onD.in 9.A.looksB.ringsC.viewsD.takes 10.A.end upB.showC.arrive atD.raise upPart three: Reading Comprehension(30%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 3 passages.The passages are followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of the questions and unfinished statements there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D.Choose the one you think is the best answer.Mark your choice ticking the corresponding letter before the choice.Passage 1 When your parents advise you to “get an education” in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth.What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.Get a high school diploma, at least.Without that, you will be occupationally dead unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can successfully drop out in grade school.Get a college degree, if possible.With a B.A., you are on the launching pad.But now you have to start to put on the brakes.If you go for a master's degree, make sure it is an M.B.A., and is famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect.Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was '24000.While the full professors managed to earn just '23030.A Ph.D.is the highest degree you can get.Except for a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, if you pursue such a degree in any other field, you will face a dim future.there are more Ph.D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world.If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or-worst of all-in philosophy, you run the risk of becomingovereducated for our national demands.Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes, driving cars, waiting on table, and endlessly filling out applications month after month.They may also take a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns.You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far.Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.1.According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who ______.A.will not be a disgrace to society B.will become loyal citizens C.can take care of themselves D.can meet the nation's demands as a source of manpower2.Many Ph.D.s are out of job because ______.A.they are improperly educated B.they are of little commercial value to their society C.there are fewer jobs in high schools D.they prefer easier jobs that make more money3.The nation is only interested in people ______.A.with diplomas B.who specialize in physics and chemistry C.who are valuable to the gross national product D.both A and C4.Which of the following is not true?A.Bernard Shaw didn't finish high schools, nor did Edison.B.One must think carefully before pursuing a master degree.C.The higher your education level, the more money you will earn.D.If you are too well-educated, you'll be overeducated for society's demands.5.The writer sees education as ______.A.a means of providing job security and financial security and a means of meeting a country's demands for technical workers B.a way to broaden one's horizons C.more important than finding a job D.an opportunity that everyone should havePassage 2 The agricultural revolution in the nineteenth century involved two things the invention of labor-saving machinery and the development of scientific bor-saving machinery naturally appeared first where labor was scarce.“In Europe”, said Thomas Jefferson, “the object is to make the most of their land, labor being abundant;here it is to make the most of our labor, lard being abundant”.It was in America, there fore, that the great advances in nineteenth-century agricultural machinery first came.At the opening of the century, with the exception of a crude plow, farmers could have carried practically all of the existing agricultural implements on their backs: by 1860, most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an early form.The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow.As early as 1990 Charles Newbold of New Jersey had been working on the idea of a cast-iron plow and spent his entire fortune in introducing his invention.The farmers, however, would home none of it, claiming that the iron poisoned the soil and made the weeds grow.Nevertheless many people devoted their attention to the plow, until in 1869, James Oliver of South Bend, Indiana, turned out the first chilled-steel plow.6.The word “here”(Para.1, line.4)refers to ______.A.EuropeB.AmericaC.New JerseyD.Indiana7.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A.The reed for labor helped the invention of machinery in America.B.The farmer rejected Charles Newbold's plow for fear of ruin of their field.C.Both Europe and America had great need of farm machinery.D.It was in Indiana that the first chilled-steel plow was produced.8.The passage is mainly about ______.A.the agricultural revolution B.the invention of labor-saving machinery C.the development of scientific agriculture D.the farmingmachinery in America9.At the opening of the nineteenth-century, farmers in America ______.A.preferred light tools B.were extremely self-reliant C.had many portable tools D.had very few tools10.Implied but not stated ______.A.There was a shortage of workers on American farms B.The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow C.After 1869,many people devoted their attention to the plow D.Charles Newbolt had made a fortune by his cast-iron plowPassage 3 We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee.When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular” coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance(introduction stage).At one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced(stage of rapid growth).After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off(stage of maturity).Sales went into a slight decline when freeze-dried coffees were introduced(stage of decline).The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies.The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline.One strategy is called market modification.It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections.Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military? Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens.A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.Another product extension strategy is calledproduct modification.It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users.American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets.Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.11.According to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will ______.A.decrease gradually B.become unstable C.improve enormously D.remain at the same level12.The first paragraph tells us that a new product is ______ually introduced to satisfy different tastes B.often more expensive than old ones C.often inferior to old ones at first D.not easily accepted by the public13.Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to ______.A.work out marketing policies B.increase its popularity C.promote its production D.speed up its life cycle14.The author mentions the example of “backpacks”(Line 4, Para.2)to show the importance of ______.A.increasing usage among students B.exploring new market sectionsC.pleasing the young as well as the oldD.serving both military and civil needs15.In order to recover their share of the world market, U.S.auto makers are ______.A.improving product qualityB.re-positioning their product in the marketC.modernizing product styleD.increasing product featuresPart four: TranslationSection A:(15%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 5 sentences from your textbook.Translate the sentences into Chinese and write your Chinese versions of the sentences in thespace provided below.1.Engineers should be curious about the “how” and “why” of natural and mechanical things and creative in finding new ways of doing things, able to analyze problems systematically and logically and to communicate well, and willing to work within strict budgets and meet tight deadlines.2.I acquired a very strong work ethic from my parents, both of whom lived through the Great Depression.3.It is estimated that the new interaction between computers and Net technology will have significant influence on the industry of the future.4.Eventually, you may reach the point where you can afford to spend the rest of your life at the side of a swimming pool with a drink in your hand, but you probably won’t.5.Two people may choose different brands of toothpaste with the identical price, amount, and quality;each person believes that he or she is expressing his personality by choosing that brand.Section B:(10%)Directions: In this part of the test, there is a short passage.Read the passage carefully and translate it into English.Write your translation of the passage in the space provided below.节省、积累可观的财富，不是自动完成的。