2019年浙江财经大学金融硕士考研全真模拟试题及答案解析

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2019年中国人民大学金融硕士考研全真模拟试题及答案解析(第7次)

2019年中国人民大学金融硕士考研全真模拟试题及答案解析(第7次)

中国人民大学2019年金融硕士考研全真模拟试题及答案解析考试时间:180分钟试卷分数:150分命题时间:2018年6月命题人:原高校命题组成员育明教育温馨提示:客观题请将答案涂在答题卡上,主观题请用黑色或者蓝色签字笔认真在答题纸上作答。

431金融学综合模拟卷七及答案解析金融学模拟试卷七考试时间:180分钟试卷分数:150分育明教育温馨提示:客观题请将答案涂在答题卡上,主观题请用黑色或者蓝色签字笔认真在答题纸上作答。

一、名词解释(6小题,每题5分,共30分)1.货币的时间价值2.资本预算3.流动性陷阱4.基准利率5.商业汇票6.米德冲突二、简答题(7小题,每题5分,共35分)1.什么是有效投资组合?2.有效资本市场有哪几种类型?3.不考虑公司税的MM理论有哪三个命题?4.列出五种汇率决定学说。

5.简述远期合约与期货合约的主要区别。

6.简述商业银行经营的三原则相互之间关系。

7.简述金融风险与金融脆弱性的主要区别。

三、计算题(5小题,每题10分,共50分)1.假定人民币兑美元的即期汇率为6.3509,人民币的一年期存款利率为3.5%,美元的一年期存款利率为1.05%,请先写出抵补利率平价公式,再计算一年后人民币兑美元的远期汇率。

2.假设某一时点上的实际总收入为5万亿,价格水平为4元,名义货币需求为10万亿元,请先写出剑桥方程式,再计算以货币形态保有的财富占名义总收入的比例。

3.假设存款货币银行保有的存款准备金为10万亿元,流通于银行体系之外的现金为10万亿元,经过派生的存款总额为90万亿元。

请分别计算货币乘数和货币供给量。

4.某公司股票的β系数为2,无风险利率为5%,市场上所有股票的平均报酬率为10%。

利用资本资产定价模型计算该公司的股票成本。

5.考虑一个新产品项目。

该项目为期5年,根据预测,每年可获得现金流2000元,启动成本约需1万元。

贴现率是10%。

请问该项目是否可以接受?四、论述题(2小题,第1题15分,第2题20分,共35分)1.谈谈你对资本戚本在公司筹资决策和投资决策中的作用的理解。

2019年上海财经大学金融硕士考研全真模拟试题及答案解析(第22次集训模拟题)

2019年上海财经大学金融硕士考研全真模拟试题及答案解析(第22次集训模拟题)

2019年上海财经大学金融硕士考研全真模拟试题及答案解析考试时间:180分钟试卷分数:150分命题时间:2018年6月命题人:原高校命题组成员育明教育温馨提示:客观题请将答案涂在答题卡上,主观题请用黑色或者蓝色签字笔认真在答题纸上作答。

431金融学综合模拟卷二十二及答案解析金融学模拟试卷二十二考试时间:180分钟试卷分数:150分育明教育温馨提示:客观题请将答案涂在答题卡上,主观题请用黑色或者蓝色签字笔认真在答题纸上作答。

一、选择题(每题12分,共60分)1.下列行为中,货币执行流通手段的()。

A.交付租金B.就餐付账C.付息D.分期付款2.按预期假说,如果人们预期未来短期利率下降,债券回报率(债券利率)曲线呈()。

A.平坦2B.递增2C.下降2D.隆起23.公司将以一张面额为1万元,3个月后到期的商业票据变现,若银行年贴现率为5%,应付金额为()。

A.125B.150C.9875D.98004.已知2007年R公司营运净利润为550万,资产总额为4800万,应收账款总额为620万,债务权益比为125。

那么2007该公司的股权回报率ROE为()。

A.23.76%B.24.28%C.24.11%D.25.78%5.甲乙丙三人讨论债务结构,其中甲认为:(1)一个公司资本结构和财务杠杆没有太大关系,财务杠杆不改变公司向股东分配的权益(2)完美市场假设是资本结构不影响公司价值的必要条件之一。

乙认为:(1)根据MM理论,一个公司可以通过增加债券资本和提高企业财务杠杆比率来实现企业价值最大化(2)只有公司价值增加时,资本结构的变化才能使股东收益。

而丙认为:(1)财务杠杆系数越大,表明财务杠杆作用越大,财务风险也越大(2)从一定意义上讲,最优资本结构在不降低经营企业的条件下使企业平均资金最低。

观点不正确得是有()A.甲1,乙1,丙1B.甲2,乙2,丙2C.丙1、2D.甲1,丙16.以下不属于商业银行负债创新的是()。

浙江财经大学金融学习题最终版

浙江财经大学金融学习题最终版

浙江财经大学金融学习题最终版(总21页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--《金融学》(彭兴韵)习题集带※表示下面答案里没有第一章货币与货币制度名词解释货币制度准货币货币的流动性结构格雷欣法则无限法偿金银复本位制金本位制铸币税问答题:1.货币产生的经济原因是什么2.货币有哪些职能3.如何划分货币的层次不同层次的货币包含了哪些方面的内容4.货币制度有哪些构成要素第二章金融系统名词解释间接金融直接金融一级市场二级市场固定收益证券信息不对称道德风险逆向选择贷款承诺债务性金融工具权益性金融工具衍生金融工具证券化问答题:1.金融系统有哪些功能2.金融活动中的信息不对称会导致什么问题解决信息不对称问题有哪些方法3.金融中介机构参与资金融通为何能降低交易成本请分析其降低交易成本的机制。

第三章货币资金的时间价值名词解释:货币的时间价值年金即时年金普通年金永续年金计算题:1.假定你在银行有一笔存款总共10万元,存期为五年,年利率为%,每年复利一次,五年后,你的账上会有多少钱设政府征收的利息所得税为20%,今后五年中每年的通货膨胀率为3%,你的这笔存款的税后实际利率为多少假定你在银行开了一个零存整取的储蓄账户,每月存入500元,存期为五年,月利率为‰。

五年后,你的账户上本息总额会有多少假定在这五年中,每个月的通货膨胀率为‰,政府征收的利息所得税为20%,那么,五年后你账户上的实际余额是多少2.假设你以90元购买了一张面值为100元的债券,该债券两年后按面值偿付,即两年后你能够得到100元,那么你购买这张债券的年利率是多少3.假定你购买了一套住房,从银行得到了20万元的抵押贷款,偿还期为20年,贷款年利率为%,那么你的月供是多少4.利率为8%的一年期贷款如果按月计息(月利率为8%/12),那么这笔贷款的年收益率是多少5.你打算通过分期付款的方式买一辆汽车。

第一个经销商提出的方案是,你在未来3年每满一年支付37400元;第二个经销商提出的方案是,未来四年每满一年支付28700元。

2019年浙江财经大学811经济学考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2019年浙江财经大学811经济学考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2019年浙江财经大学811经济学考研真题及详解一、简答题(共6题,每题12分,共72分)1.商品价格的变动所引起的该商品需求量变动的总效应可以分解为哪两个部分?请分别作出解释,并以正常商品为例作图分析。

答:(1)一种商品价格变动所引起的该商品需求量变动的总效应可以被分解为替代效应和收入效应两个部分,即总效应=替代效应+收入效应。

其中,替代效应是指由于商品的价格变动所引起的商品相对价格的变动,进而由商品的相对价格变动所引起的商品需求量的变动。

收入效应是指由于商品的价格变动所引起的实际收入水平变动,进而由实际收入水平变动所引起的商品需求量的变动。

替代效应不改变消费者的效用水平,收入效应则表示消费者的效用水平发生变化。

(2)以图1为例分析正常商品价格下降时的替代效应和收入效应:图1 正常商品的替代效应和收入效应图1中的横轴OX1和纵轴OX2分别表示商品1和商品2的数量,其中,商品1是正常商品。

在商品价格变化之前,消费者的预算线为AB,该预算线与无差异曲线U1相切于a 点,a点是消费者效用最大化时的均衡点,在该点上,相应的商品1的需求量为OX11。

现假定商品1的价格P1下降,使预算线的位置由AB移至AB′。

新的预算线AB′与另一条代表较高效用水平的无差异曲线U2相切于b点,b点是商品1的价格下降以后的消费者效用最大化的均衡点。

在均衡点b上,相应的商品1的需求量为OX13。

比较a、b两个均衡点,商品1的需求量的增加量为X11X13,这便是商品1的价格P1下降所引起的总效应。

这个总效应可以被分解为替代效应和收入效应两个部分。

通过作一条与新预算线AB′平行且与无差异曲线U1相切于c点的补偿预算线FG,便可将总效应分解成替代效应和收入效应:①P1下降引起的商品相对价格的变化,使消费者的选择由均衡点a运动到均衡点c,相应的需求增加量为X11X12,这就是替代效应,它是一个正值。

也就是说,正常品的替代效应与价格呈反方向的变动。

浙江财经大学金融专硕必读考研资料 (16)

浙江财经大学金融专硕必读考研资料 (16)

《公司金融案例》习题集11.比较核准制和审批制核准制遵循的是强制性信息公开披露和合规性管理相结合的原则。

主要有“通道制”和“保荐制”两个阶段。

核准制下,证券监管机构职能重新定位,股票发行的行政色彩弱化,市场化进程加速。

其次券商等中介机构的角色得以归位,券商的责任更为重大。

市场化的发行制度和发行方式使券商的承销风险加大。

核准制改变了券商的思维和经营方式。

中介机构的诚信度大大提高。

审批制主要有“额度控制”和“总量控制、限报家数”两个阶段。

有效地解决了早期股票发行体制下存在的某些突出的矛盾。

但是在强化了对国有企业的支持的同时,客观上限制了其它经济成分的企业,使在国民经济中活跃并占有重要地位的民营和外商投资企业难以进入市场,造成了证券市场上市公司结构性的矛盾;其次,在产业政策方面,重点支持农业、能源、交通、通讯、重要原材料等基础产业和高新技术产业的企业,而金融、房地产、商品流通业受到严格限制。

2.配股定价时,为什么净资产收益率倍数优于市盈率?市盈率=每股价格每股收益;净资产收益率倍数=股票价格净资产收益率利用市盈率不变来预算预期发行价格,没有考虑到发行价格的高低以及净资产的变化对未来股票价格的影响。

利用净资产收益率倍数作为配股定价的参考指标具有一定的合理性。

3.试述国有股减持的背景。

(1)“减持国有股”是完善我国公司治理结构,提高公司经营效率的要求和有效途径。

严重的腐败、数量惊人的国有资产流失和大量的经济犯罪,解决“所有者缺位”现象成为缓解问题的关键,通过国有企业ZG有股比重的减少而引入其他形式的股权,将股权结构分散化,便可以合法地削弱国有股权的控制权力度,使我国国有企业的治理结构逐步趋于完善。

(2)“国有经济保持必要的数量”——“减持国有股”的政策支持。

D的十五届四中全会已明确提出:“在 S H Z Y 市场经济条件下,国有经济在国民经济中的主导作用主要体现在控制力上。

”而且,对国有经济控制力的表现也进行了阐释,其中指出,“国有经济应保持必要的数量,更要有质的提高”。

浙江财经大学硕士学位研究生入学考试金融学综合

浙江财经大学硕士学位研究生入学考试金融学综合

浙江财经大学硕士学位研究生入学考试金融学综合精品文档!2019年攻读浙江财经大学硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目代码:431科目名称:金融学综合答案请写答题纸上一、名词解释(每小题2分,共8小题,共16分)1、货币市场基金2、投资银行3、可转让定期存单4、欧洲债券5、利率的期限结构6、信用风险7、增量现金流量8、同比财务报表二、简答题(每小题7分,共7小题,共49分)1、根据凯恩斯的流动性偏好理论和资产组合选择理论,利率、收入、支付技术、财富、其他资产的预期收益率、其他资产的风险、通货膨胀风险、其他资产的流动性等因素变动将会导致货币需求发生变化。

请在下表“货币需求的反应”栏中填入“个”和以表示货币需求对该因素变动的反应,其中“个”表示上升,“4”表示下降。

(把这个表格画在答卷上再填写)2、简述货币产生和货币形式变迁(即支付体系演进)的经济动因。

3、当一个人要做岀是否购买并持有某种资产的决策,或在不同资产间进行选择时,他应该考虑哪些因素?按照投资组合理论,他对某种资产的需求量与这些因素有什么关系?4、银行可以通过哪些负债业务获得资金?银行又会将获得的资金怎样运用以获得收益?5、一个国家在允许资本自由跨国流动和实现固定汇率制度的条件下能否同时实施独立的货币政策?为什么?6、货币政策如何影响投资?请简述这中间的传导机制。

7、在哪两种情形下内部回报率(IRR)作为投资准则将会失灵?并分别举例说明。

三、计算题(第1小题11分,第2小题和第3小题每题10分,共31分)1、已知某年金的终值为S,每期的现金额为C,利率为r,还款期为t 年。

(1)求该年金的终值公式(2分),并阐述该公式是如何求解得到的(7分)(2)假设某一贷款的期限为30年,年利率为8%,贷款金额为30万元,求该贷款的每期偿付额(2分,结果保留两位小数)2、假设上市公司需要为其即将进行的一项投资筹资。

该项目的投资额为7000万元。

己知该公司(项目)的目标资本结构中权益债务比为1.5,权益的市场收益率为15%,债务的利率为8%,权益的发行成本为20%,债务的发行成本为10%0求为满足该投资项目,公司的实际成本(筹资额)应为多少?(结果保留两位小数)3、假设某一上市公司在2016和2017年的年度资产负债表和2017年的年度利润表分别如下所示(单位为:万人民币):(1)求来自资产的现金流量(CFFA)(6分)(2)求流向债权人和股东的现金流量(4分)四、论述题(每小题18分,共3小题,共54分)1、关于金融体系的功能和结构问题:(1)请用一个图形简要说明金融系统(包括金融市场和金融中介)如何将资金从盈余者手中转移到需求者手中,并分析金融市场和金融中介机构的功能。

浙江财经大学《431金融学综合》[专业硕士]历年考研真题(含部分答案)专业课考试试题

浙江财经大学《431金融学综合》[专业硕士]历年考研真题(含部分答案)专业课考试试题
利率期限结构理论主要有预期理论、流动性偏好理论、市场分割理论。
预期理论是指投资者的预期决定未来利率走向的一种理论,该理论认 为,远期利率等于市场整体对未来短期利率的预期。换句话说,流动性 溢价为零。当预期利率上升时,会有上升的收益率曲线,反之,收益率 曲线下降。
流动性偏好假说认为,相对长期债券而言,投资者通常更偏好短期债 券。因为长期债券的流动性比短期债券要差,持有长期债券的投资者担 负着更大的市场风险——价格波动和难以变现的风险,因此这类债券持 有者必须要求相应的更高的收益补偿。这种由于增加市场风险而产生的 对长期债券收益的报酬称为流动性贴水。
3 利率的期限结构
答:利率期限结构是指在某一时点上,影响利率的其他因素相同时,不 同期限资金的收益率(Yield)与到期期限(Maturity)之间的关系。通 常用收益率曲线(又称“回报率曲线”)作为描述债券利率期限结构的工 具。利率的期限结构反映了不同期限的资金供求关系,揭示了市场利率 的总体水平和变化方向,为投资者从事债券投资和政府有关部门加强债 券管理提供可参考的依据。一般来说,收益率曲线有四种基本的形态: 水平状,向上倾斜状,向下倾斜状,驼峰状。最常见的是向上倾斜的收 益率曲线,因为一般情况下,长期债券的利率高于短期债券的利率。
国际储备的作用为:① 从世界范围来考察,它起着国际商品流动和世界 经济发展媒介的作用。② 具体到每一国家来考察,国际储备具有:充作 干预资产、平衡国际收支差额、一国向外举债和偿债能力的保证。传统 上认为,国际储备的作用主要是应付国际收支失衡、维持汇率稳定。当 国际收支出现逆差时,为了避免进口减少影响国内经济发展,可以动用 本国的储备,平衡外汇收支;当汇率出现不正常波动时,可以动用储 备,影响外汇市场供求,使汇率变动保持在经济发展目标范围之内。③ 在新兴市场国家,国际储备越来越被看作信心的标志。储备越多,偿付 能力越强,国际评级机构就会给予该国更高的评级。评级提高,在国际 市场融资就相对容易,融资成本也会降低。④ 较高的外汇储备对国际金 融市场投机者也是一个“震慑”,使他们不敢轻易对该国货币汇率下手。 ⑤ 在一些转轨国家中,储备还常常被用作改革基金,以应付可能出现的 支付困难。

浙江财经大学435保险专业基础2011-2019年考研专业课真题试卷

浙江财经大学435保险专业基础2011-2019年考研专业课真题试卷

A 平均成本 B 平均可变成本
C 边际成本 D 平均固定成本
6. 工资率上升的收入效应会导致闲暇消费的( ),而其替代效应会导致
闲暇时间的( )。
A 减少,减少 B 减少,增加
C 不变,减少 D 增加,减少
7. 如果资源配置是帕累托有效的,那么( )。
A 收入分配是公平的 B 存在一种重新配置资源的方法,使每个人的境况
9.如果垄断竞争行业存在正的利润,那么( )。
A 新厂商将进入该行业
B 现有厂商将提高价格
C 产品差异将不存在
D 进入障碍将阻止新厂商进入
10.消费者剩余是( )。
A 没有消费的产品
B 消费者得到的总效用
C 消费者得到的总效用减去支出货币的总效用 D 支出货币的总效用
三、简答题(每题 10 分,共 6 题,共 60 分,可结合文字、代数式和图
2019年浙江财经大学考研专业课初试真题试卷
精都考研网(精编资料、一对一辅导、视频网课)
2019年浙江财经大学考研专业课初试真题试卷
精都考研网(精编资料、一对一辅导、视频网课)
精都教育——全国 100000 考生的选择
我们的梦想,为成就更多人的梦想
浙 江 财 经 大 学 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 试 题
C 所采取的行为的价值减去次佳选择的价值后的余额
D 这一行为所支付的货币金额
2. 需求量和价格之所以呈反方向变化,是因为( )。
A 替代效应的作用
B 收入效应的作用
C 上述两种效用同时发挥作用
D 以上均不对
3.政府为了扶持农业,对农产品规定了高于其均衡价格的支持价格。政府
为了维持这一价格,应该采取的措施是( )。
2. 简要阐述国内生产总值、国内生产净值和国民收入这三个概念以及它们之间 的关系。

2020-2021年浙江财经大学金融硕士考研参考书及真题模拟题

2020-2021年浙江财经大学金融硕士考研参考书及真题模拟题

试卷分数:150 分
育明教育温馨提示:客观题请将答案涂在答题卡上,主观题请用黑色或者蓝色签字笔认真在
答题纸上作答。
一、名词解释(每小题 4 分,共 7 题,共 28 分)
育明考研考博官网:
1.通货膨胀
2.风险投资
3.国际收支
4.货币制度
5.公司治理结构
6.公司金融决策
四、论述题(第 1 题 15 分,第 2 题 18 分,共 2 题,共 33 分)
1.结合当前实际,论述人民币汇率的波动对中国经济和金融会产生什么样的影响?(15
分)
2.试论实现货币政策目标的货币政策工具以及它们各自作用的特点。当前我国货币当局
对政策工具是怎样运用的?(18 分)
五、计算题(每小题 9 分,共 2 题,共 18 分)
益。
A.附加效应
B.制造费用
C.沉没成本
D.机会成本
11.当经营杠杆系数和财务杠杆系数都是 1.5 时,则复合杠杆系数应为( )。
A.3
B.2.25
C.1.5
D.1
12.企业在追加筹资时,需要计算的成本是( )。
A 追加成本
B.综合资本成本
C.个别资金成本
D.资金边际成本
13.下列公式中,计算增长年金的是( )。
内持续的下降过程。可见,通货膨胀不是指这种或那种商品及劳务的价格上涨,而是物价总 水平的上升。物价总水平或一般物价水平是指所有商品和劳务交易价格总额的加权平均数。 这个加权平均数,就是价格指数。衡量通货膨胀率的价格指数一般有三种:消费价格指数、 生产者价格指数、国内生产总值价格折算指数。简单说,当政府发行过多货币时,物价上升。
8.名义利率是实际利率与借贷期内通货膨胀率:( )。

2019年金融学考研真题与典型题详解

2019年金融学考研真题与典型题详解

2019年金融学考研真题(含复试)与典型题详解益星学习网提供全套资料,免费下载第一部分复习笔记本章将从国际收支的基本概念出发,介绍国际收支的各个项目及其相互关系的分析、国际收支不平衡的判断、导致国际收支失衡的原因、国际收支不平衡可能导致的结果、国际收支状况与宏观经济的关系、调节国际收支不平衡的措施和中国的国际收支管理,以及我国的国际收支情况等内容。

通过本章的学习,要求理解国际收支的基本构架和各个项目之间的内在关系,掌握进行国际收支分析的基本原则和方法,从而对国际收支与宏观经济之间的关系、国际收支的管理具有较深的认识,能够应用有关的工具对国际收支各个方面进行分析,并对我国的实际情况有所认识。

一、国际收支含义1.建立在现金基础上的国际收支概念国际收支即国际间的外汇收付,是一个国家在一定时期(一年、一季或一个月)内,由于经济、政治与文化等各种对外交往而发生的、必须立即结清的、来自其他国家的货币收入总额与付给其他国家的货币支出总额的对比。

如果货币收入总额大于货币支出总额,便是国际收支顺差,反之,则是国际收支逆差。

国际收支逆差也被称为国际收支赤字(Deficit),国际收支顺差则被称为国际收支黑字或盈余(Surplus)。

2.建立在经济交易基础上的国际收支概念国际收支是某一时期的统计表,它表明:(1)某一经济体同世界其余国家或地区之间在商品、劳务以及收益方面的交易;(2)该经济体所持有的货币黄金、特别提款权以及对世界其余国家或地区的债权、债务的所有权的变化和其他变化;(3)为平衡不能相互抵销的上述交易和变化的任何账目所需的无偿转让和对应项目。

3.国际收支概念国际收支是指在一定时期内一国居民与非居民之间所发生的全部经济交易的系统的货币记录。

对国际收支概念应从以下几个方面去把握:(1)国际收支是一个流量概念;(2)要正确理解国际收支概念中的居民与非居民的含义;(3)国际收支是以交易为基础的。

4.研究国际收支对对外贸易的意义研究国际收支,有助于选择进出口计价货币;有助于及时调整进出口国别方案;有助于调整进出口商品价格;有助于采取正确的外贸措施。

浙江财经大学-政治经济学考研模拟题及答案解析

浙江财经大学-政治经济学考研模拟题及答案解析

官方网址 北大、人大、中财、北外教授创办 集训营、一对一保分、视频、小班、少干、强军 浙江财经大学-政治经济学考研模拟题及答案解析一、概念题1. 资本集中答:资本集中是指把若干个规模相对较小的资本合并重组为规模较大的资本。

资本集中是扩大单个资本总额的一种形式,资本集中不会引起社会资本的增大,也不受社会财富增加量的限制。

资本集中最强有力的杠杆是竞争和信用,它们可以使资本迅速增大。

在资本主义激烈的竞争中,由于大资本拥有较优越的生产条件,处于优势地位,因而能够战胜许多中小资本,从而兼并这些中小资本,把自己变成一个更大的资本;或者两个实力相同的资本出于更高层次竞争的需要而联合成一个规模更大的资本。

同时,由于信用的发展,一方面大资本能得到巨额贷款,增强竞争能力;另一方面,在信用的基础上股份公司可以广泛地形成和发展,这样就加速了资本的集中。

资本集中的主要途径有:并购(包括兼并、收购)、联合、向社会发行股票。

资本集中能在较短时间内实现资本规模的迅速扩张,形成合力,兴办小资本无力兴办的大型项目,并有利于优化劳动组合、降低生产成本、提高生产要素使用效率等。

但是,资本集中有时也会导致垄断,对技术进步和消费者产生不利影响。

2. 垄断答:垄断是指一种商品的产销量完全由一个厂商所控制的市场结构。

在垄断市场上,这种商品没有一种现成的替代品,商品的价格完全由垄断者决定,垄断者可以根据最大利润原则选择最有利的价格和产量。

垄断又被叫做完全垄断或纯粹垄断。

纯粹垄断在实际生活中并不多见。

产生垄断的原因是:(1)对关键性原料的独家占有,专门的生产技术知识也由独家占有。

(2)拥有一种产品或加工过程的专利权,在其有效期内其他人不能进行生产。

(3)政府颁发的特许权,允许独家经营,以排除例如外国厂商的竞争。

(4)一个行业的技术设备非常庞大,如需充分发挥其效能只要一家厂商就够了。

垄断是垄断资本主义最基本的特征,是垄断资本主义的实质。

垄断的实质是垄断资本家凭借垄断地位获取高额垄断利润。

浙江财经金融专硕-公司金融习题集 公司金融计算1

浙江财经金融专硕-公司金融习题集 公司金融计算1

一.公司制企业定义及优缺点公司是依据一国公司法组建的,以营利为目的的,具有法人地位的企业组织形式,在法律上称为“法人”。

主要特征:1.公司是法人2.公司具有集合性3.公司所有权和经营权相分离,是公司制企业最鲜明的特征4.出资者对公司和企业的责任不同。

优越性:1.有限责任;2.易于聚集资本;3.所有权具有流动性;4.具有永恒存续期;5.专业经营。

缺点:1.双重税负;2.内部人控制;3.信息披露。

二.论述股东如何制约管理者股东可以采取以下措施或安排管理者:1.股东通过投票决定董事会成员,因此,股东控制着董事会成员;相应地,董事会成员选择管理者。

2.通过与管理者签订收入报酬计划,如激励管理者追求股东的目标,此外,根据管理者的经营业绩,如每股盈利和类似的规定,奖励管理者“业绩股”,也是一种措施。

3.如果因为管理不善使得企业股票价格大幅度下跌,企业可能被其他股东收购,这就是所谓接管,公司被接管后,公司的高层管理者可能被解雇,这对管理者是否从股东的利益出发进行决策形成一种压力。

4.经理市场的竞争也可以促使管理者在经营中以股东利益为重,否则,他们将被其他人取代。

三.金融市场的分类1.货币市场与资本市场;短期证券市场;票据市场和短期信贷市场。

2.现货市场与期货市场3.一级市场和二级市场四.投资决策过程:1.寻找增长机会,制定长期投资战略;2.预测投资项目的现金流;3.分析、评估投资项目;4.控制投资项目的执行情况五.资本预算决策公司用金融市场提供的不同借贷行为对所有资产,尤其是固定资产投资进行分析,筛选和计划的过程。

六.资本成本资本成本是资金使用人为获取资金的使用权而付出的代价,这一代价有两部分组成,一是资金筹集成本,另一种是资金使用成本。

七.简述平衡理论制约公司无限追求节税利益的关键因素是随债务增加而上升的公司风险。

公司负债越多,它陷入财务危机甚至破产的可能性越大,这会增加公司额外成本,降低价值,因此,企业最佳资本结构应当是在节税利益和债务上升带来的财务危机与破产成本之间选择最适合点。

浙江财经大学硕士学位研究生入学考试国际商务专业基础 (24)

浙江财经大学硕士学位研究生入学考试国际商务专业基础 (24)

精品文档!精品文档!2019年攻读浙江财经大学硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目代码:434科目名称:国际商务专业基础答案请写答题纸上一、名词解释(每題4分,共20分)1.权力距离2.绝对优势理论3.外汇远期交易4.布雷顿森林体系5.垂直对外投资二、简答题(每题10分,共70分)1.全球经济一体化有哪些好处?2.企业进入国外市场的模式有哪两大类?各包括哪些具体形式?3.什么是非关税壁垒,请列举4种主要类型并说明。

4.简要说明邓宁的0LI理论。

5.企业并购的主要动机有哪些?6.一价定律和绝对购买力平价的关系是什么?7.弱势人民币的优势和劣势分别是什么?三、材料论述题(每题30分,共60分)1.请阅读以下人民币国际化相关材料并回答问题。

2018年10月26日,中国人民银行与日本银行签署了中日双边本币互换协议,协议有效期三年。

这是人民币国际化漫长进程中,向前迈进的又一步。

回溯这一进程,2009年是值得铭记的历史节点,称之为“发源点”亦不为过。

无论是当下暖意融融的跨境贸易人民币结算和双边本币互换,还是前两年的人民币纳入特别提款权(SDR)篮子,都于2009年开始萌芽。

站在十年这个时点上,人民币国际化正呈现出新的特征,人民币跨境证券投资明显上升。

未来伴随着金融市场开放力度增强,过去未充分展现的投融资货币功能将得以发挥,人民币跨境金融交易有望持续增长。

过去十年人民币国际化硕果累累,人民币国际化有多重衡量维度,最为直观的是人民币跨境收付。

2009年,跨境贸易人民币结算刚刚在广东省播下种子;2018年前9个月,以人民币进行结算的跨境货物贸易已经超过2.6万亿元。

与我国发生人民币跨境收付业务的国家和地区也在不断增加。

中国人民银行披露的数据显示,截至2018年3月,与我国发生人民币跨境业务的国家和地区达242个,发生业务的第1页共3页企业超过34.9万家,银行超过386家。

所有衡量维度精品文档!2009年,时任中国人民银行行长周小川刊发署名中,最具标志意义的是人民币纳入SDRO文章,提出SDR定值的篮子货币范围应扩大到世界主要经济大国,在国际市场投下一颗问路之石;2018年,人民币已经稳居SDR篮子货币权重第三位,探出一条国际化之路。

2019年考研财经类试卷及答案(二)

2019年考研财经类试卷及答案(二)

2019年考研财经类试卷及答案(二)一、单项选择题(每题的备选答案中,只有一个正确,请将所选答案的字母写在括号内。

每题1分,共20分。

)1.国外建设财政投融资制度成功的关键是()。

A.发展商业银行B.发展保险公司C.发展证券业D.发展政策性银行2.预算赤字是指()。

A.编制预算时列有赤字B.预算执行过程中出现赤字C.国家有意识地用赤字来调节经济D.年终决算有赤字.3.政策性银行资本金主要源自()。

A.预算投资B.资本市场C.货币市场D.国外借款4.和西方国家相比,我国财政收人占GDP比重()。

A.偏高B.偏低C.更为合理D.波动性更强5.结构性赤字也就是()。

A.充分就业赤字B.周期性赤字C.决算赤字D.预算赤字6.按照我国预算法的规定,()拥有国家预算的最终审批权。

A.国务院B.全国人民代表大会C.财政部D.全国人大常委会7.1979年以前,我国实行的信贷资金管理体制是()。

A.“统存统贷”体制B.一差额包干”体制C.“实存实贷”体制D.统收统文体制8.我国现金发行中心是()。

A.国务院B.全国人民代表大会C.财政部D.中国人民银行9.以一定单位的外国货币为基准来计算应收应付多少本国货币的汇率标价法叫()。

A.美元标价法B.日元标价法C.直接标价法D.间接标价法10.由国家补贴保险基金的保险种类,叫做()。

A.政策性保险B.商业性保险C.财产保险D.人身保险1l.中央银行和商业银行在货币供应中的作用分别是()。

A.中央银行提供原始存款,商业银行也能够提供原始存款B.中央银行提供派生存款,商业银行也提供派生存款C.中央银行提供原始存款,商业银行创造派生存款D.中央银行提供派生存款,商业银行创造原始存款12.土地增值税属于()。

A.行为税B,资源税C.流转税D.财产税13.下列项目,免征营业税的是()。

A.商店处理季节性商品B.博物馆、展览馆举办文化活动的门票收人C.个体经营摊点提供的饮食服务D.单位将不动产赠与他人14.对劳务报酬所得,可用速算扣除数办法计算个人所得税,采用()。

攻读浙江财经学院硕士学位研究生入学考试试题解析

攻读浙江财经学院硕士学位研究生入学考试试题解析

2022 年攻读浙江财经学院硕士学位研究生入学考试真题解析科目代码:431 科目名称:金融学综合〔A 卷〕注:本解析出自个人,不具绝对权威性!且不得随意转载!一、名词解释(每题4分,共28分)1.直接融资:即资金盈余单位通过直接与需求单位协议或者购置需要单位的有价证券或股piao、票据等。

不需要通过中介机构就可以完成资金的转移。

2.信用货币:是由国家法律规定的,强制流通不以任何贵金属为根底的独立发挥货币职能的货币。

信用货币是由银行提供的信用流通工具,目前世界各国发行的货币,根本都是属于信用货币,如ren民币,美元,欧元等。

3.负债治理理论:负债治理理论是以负债为资金根底来进行经营,即通过借入的自己来保证其经营流动性,以增加负债的方法来调整负债结构,从而增加资产和收益率。

这一理论认为:银行保持流动性不需要建立多层次的流动性储藏资产,一旦有资金的需求,就可以向外借款。

4.套汇交易:是指在不同的时间〔交割期限〕、不同的地点〔外hui市场〕利用汇率或利率上的差异进行外hui买卖,以防范汇率风险和牟取套汇收益的外hui交易活动。

5.第—次公开发行〔IPO〕:是指公司面向市场上大量的非特定的投资者公开募集股份成为上市公司的行为。

公司进行第—次公开发行的目的主要有两个:一是公司的原股东或者创业股东为了扩大公司规模:二是公司原股东或创业股东为了使自己的在公司中的权利变现。

IPO 成为上市公司成长历程中一个非常重要的步骤。

6.公司金融原则的特征:即公司在规划和操纵资金运动过程中所遵循的依据和原则,它是我国市场经济对公司金融的客观要求。

其有一下五个方面特征:1.该原则是财务假设、原理的推论。

2.该原则必须符合事实,被多数人接受。

3.该原则是财务交易和财务决策的根底。

4.该原则为解决新的问题提供指导。

5.该原则不肯定在任何条件下都正确。

7.公司资本分配:指公司在面临资本约束的情况下载可行的工程中选择既定的资本能够满足的工程,并且所投资的工程的预期收益要满足既定资本投资收益最大化。

中国社会科学院2019年金融硕士考研全真模拟试题及答案解析

中国社会科学院2019年金融硕士考研全真模拟试题及答案解析

中国社会科学院2019年金融硕士考研全真模拟试题及答案解析431金融学综合模拟卷一及答案解析金融学模拟试卷一考试时间:180分钟试卷分数:150分命题时间:2018年6月命题人:原高校命题组成员育明教育温馨提示:客观题请将答案涂在答题卡上,主观题请用黑色或者蓝色签字笔认真在答题纸上作答。

431金融学综合模拟卷四及答案解析金融学模拟试卷四考试时间:180分钟试卷分数:150分育明教育温馨提示:客观题请将答案涂在答题卡上,主观题请用黑色或者蓝色签字笔认真在答题纸上作答。

一、单项选择题(每题2分,共15题,共30分)1.需求曲线向下移动,是因为()。

A.需求减少B.需求增加C.价格上涨D.价格下降2.投资者无差异曲线和有效边界的切点()。

A.只有一个B.只有两个C.至少有两个D.无限个3.当边际产量大于平均产量时,平均产量()。

A.递减B.不变C.递增D.先增后减4.厂商的产量从1000增加到1002时,成本从2000增加到2020,则厂商的边际成本是()。

A.2B.20C.10D.0.015.净出口是指()。

A.出口减进口B.进口减出口C.出口加转移支付D.出口减进口加转移支付6.某商品的需求价格为p=100-4Q,供给价格为p=40+2Q,则该商品的均衡价格和产量为()。

A.P=60,Q=10B.P=10,Q=6C.P=4,Q=6D.P=20,Q=207.经济学中的短期是指()。

A.一年以内B.所有要素不能调整C.至少一种要素不能调整D.产量不能调整8、$/€=1.1865—70,¥/$€=108.10—20,则¥/€的报价应该是()。

A.128.26—43B.128.31—37C.91.1083—91.1542D.109.28—389.一般来说,一国国际收支出现巨额顺差会使其()。

A.货币疲软B.货币坚挺C.通货紧缩D.利率下跌10.根据《国际收支手册》第五版规定,记在资本与金融账户的是()。

浙江财经大学硕士学位研究生入学考试 综合英语

浙江财经大学硕士学位研究生入学考试 综合英语

精品文档!2019年攻读浙江财经大学硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目代码:681科目名称:综合英语答案请写答题纸上Parti VOCABULARY( 10 POINTS)There are ten words or phrases underlined in the following sentences. You are required to use other English words or phrases to explain with the meanings that best suit those sentences.For example: Using his knowledge and judgment, he is to promote the electorate's goals as he understands them.Answer: constituents'1.Public investment in sports comDlexes, parks and golf courses has made leisure cheaper andmore accessible.2.Results showed that when smokers were given e-cigarettes without any accompanyinginstructions or requirements for use, u—take was strong, and many participants went on to purchase their own e-cigarettes.3.Professor Pisani and colleagues used cutting-edge statistical techniques to test whether theevolutionary models routinely used in phylogenetics can adequately describe the genomic datasets used to study early animal evolution.rge dams can provide water and electricity, mitigate flooding and create beautiful lakes.5.This has given rise to the idea that the environment itself is a legitimate water consumer, withattendant needs and rights.6.High among the complaints has been that the rationale behind it was political.7.You have to use a transparent material with some colored material incorporated into the print.8.This stationary engine was both too large and inefficient to be utilised in transport.9.Mindfulness involves a conscious focus on and awareness of your present state of mind andsurroundings, without judgment or reaction.10.The research is plagued by the same shortcomings identified in the adult literature.Part II READING COMPREHENSION (70POINTS)Section AIn this section, there are five reading passages followed by a total of 25 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and finish the multiple choices.Text AOne of the key challenges in urban architecture over the next 50 years will be figuring out how to squeeze vast numbers of additional people into urban areas that are already extremely crowded. London, for example, will somehow have to deal with a projected 100,000 extra inhabitants every year until 2016. The current plan of building new ''satellite towns,, of the city causes a lot of problems, but architecture think tanks are working on ambitious solutions that go vertical instead of horizontal in search of space.In terms of population density, London is one of the least crowded major cities in the world一four times fewer people per square kilometer than Paris, for example, six times fewer than New York and eight times fewer than Cairo. But the fact remains that the city's population is growing at a rapid rate, and horizontal expansion into the surrounding areas is eating up increasingly important agricultural land, as well as worsening ali the transport problems that come with urban growth.Popular Architecture would propose a radically different solution. The proposal is to go upwards, with vertical towers of considerable size, each representing an entire new town by the time it's completed. Each tower would be 1500 meters high. Beyond mere accommodation, each tower would function as an entire town unit, with its own schools, hospitals, parks and gardens, sports facilities, business areas and community spaces. The population density of such a tower could help lower the individual energy requirements of each inhabitant, reducing the ecological impact of the population as a whole.The village towers are considered as hollow tubes, with large holes to allow light and air through the entire construction. Occasional floor discs spread throughout the height of the building will give inhabitants large central areas in the middle of the tube to use as gathering spaces.While the building itself is unlikely ever to be seriously considered for construction—imagine the number of elevators it would need, let alone the safety implications of open areas at such heights and with such wind exposure—the concept can serve as a conversation-starter for urban planners looking to face the challenges of the current and coming centuries.1.One key challenging task for urban architects in future is to .A.build new satellite townsB.work out ambitious plansC.design less crowded citiesD.accommodate more inhabitants2.Which of the following cities has the largest population density?A.Cairo.B.Paris.C.London.D.New York.3.Horizontal expansion not only wastes land, but makes it hard for London to .A.handle its safety problemsB.resolve its transport issuesC.control its population growthD.measure its population density4.The vertical tower would represent an entire new town in itself because .A.it is energy-savingB.it is cost-effectiveC.it is self-sufficientD.it is comfort-oriented5.For city planners today, the idea of building a vertical tower can become .A. a topic for funB. a shocking realityC. a modest proposalD. a source of inspirationText BMost publishing is now "electronic" in the sense that books, magazines, and newspapers are prepared on computers, and exist as computer files before they are printed on paper. Often there are advantages to giving readers access to the electronic versions of publications as well as— r even instead of—the printed versions.Print publications have lots of advantages. Paper is pleasant to handle, ready to read, and very portable: You can read it almost anywhere. On the other hand, print has its weaknesses. Paper is expensive, and articles are often cut to fit the space available. Printing and distributing paper is expensive and takes time. Printed materials are expensive to store and almost impossible to search. Electronic publishing offers solutions to all these problems.Suppose a publisher makes the electronic copy of a newspaper or magazine available from the net, perhaps on the Internet's World Wide Web. No paper is used and disc space is cheap, so Internet publishing costs very little. Articles don't have to be cut. Internet publishing is fast, and readers can access material as soon as it becomes available: Within minutes, instead of the next day, next week or next month. Internet publishing goes beyond geographical boundaries: The humblest local paper can be read everywhere from New York to London to Delhi to Tokyo. Delivery costs are low because there are no newsagents to pay, and no postal charges: Readers pick up the bills for their on-line sessions. Also, computer based publications are simple to store and every word can be searched electronically.At the moment, newspapers and magazines, TV and radio stations, news agencies and book publishers are making content freely available on the Web because they are competing for"mindshare". Perhaps they want to find out if they can attract and hold an audience on line, or perhaps they're afraid of missing out because "everyone else is doing it". But don't count on things staying that way. Publishers are not in business to lose money.6.What does the author probably foresee?A.Readers will have more accesses.B.Books and newspapers will be kept as computer files.C.It will not make any sense to keep the printed versions.D.Electronic publications will replace printed ones.7.Which of the following situations is among the troubles print has?A.It is dear to find printed materials.B.Frequent editing is needed for better layout.C.Paper is passed around quickly.D.The space to restore articles is not enough.8.The electronic version of newspapers has all the following advantages except that .A.it can be carried aroundB.it can be read in many placesC.it can be immediately accessedD.it requires little delivery cost9.Why are publishers making their books freely available?A.They want to make money.B.They don't like to lose their audience.C.They are competing fbr fun.D.They try to win more freedom.10.What method does the author mainly use in the passage to achieve better effects?A.Examples.B.Listing.parisons and listing.D.Analysis and examples.TextCOne important thing during the pre-Christmas rush at our house was the arrival of my daughter's kindergarten report card. She got high praise for her reading, vocabulary and overall enthusiasm. On the other hand, we learnt that she has work to do on her numbers and facility with the computer, though the detailed handwritten report her teachers prepared is absent of any words that might be interpreted as negative in describing her efforts. A number system indicates how she's measuring up in each area without any mention of passing or failing.All of which seems to make my daughter's school neither fish nor fowl when it comes to the debate over the merits of giving formal grades to kids. At one level, the advantages and disadvantages are obvious. A grade system provides a straightforward standard by which to measure how your child is progressing at school—and how he or she is getting on compared to other children. But as writer Sue Ferguson notes, “Grades can deceive.The aim should be "to measure learning, not simply what a student can recall on a test.^, The two aren't the same一and if you doubt that as an adult, ask yourself whether you couid sit down without any preparation and stiH pass those high-school-level examinations.If you're old enough, you've lived through this debate before. At one time, it was considered unfair to put children in direct competition with one another if it could be avoided. The intention behind that may have been good, but it ignored the fact that competition, and the will to come out on top, are essential components of the human condition.This time around, educators working with a no-grades approach are emphasizing different reasons. The thing is that approach is much more commonplace in the adult workplace than is the traditional pass-fail system we place on our children. Many workplaces conduct regular employee evaluations. There are usually fairly strict limits to what an employer can tell an employee in those evaluations—and even then, negative evaluations can be challenged by the employee. No matter where you sit in the debate over the grade system, then, the real question is this: If it's so good for kids, why isn't that also true for adults?1 l.The school report indicates that the writer's daughter .cks interest in her school work第5页共19页B.ranks among the best at languageC.has some trouble with her handwriting12.We can learn that the girPs school tries to deliver the report .A.in a positive wayB.in a scientific wayC.in an attractive wayD.in an enthusiastic way13.Sue Ferguson seems dissatisfied with the grade system for its focus on .A.the process of getting the knowledgeB.the capability of memorizing for the testC.the procedure of measuring learningD.the standard of comparing schools14.The writer would agree that cutting children off from competition is .A.fit for human developmentB.fit for their age and experienceC.against a key part of human natureD.out of consideration fbr children15.It can be learned that today's educators supporting the no-grades approach insist thatA.kids be allowed to challenge the negative evaluationsB.the traditional teacher-student relationship be changedC.the evaluation system for kids be similar to that fbr adultsD.strict rules be set up in evaluating school childrenText DInvestment in the public sector, such as electricity, irrigation, public services and transport (excluding vehicles, ships and planes) increased by about 10%, although the emphasis moved to the transport and away from the other sectors mentioned. Trade and services recorded a 16%~17% investment growth, including a 30% increase in investment in business premises. Industrial investment is estimated to have risen by 8%. Although the share of agriculture in total gross investment in the economy continued to decline, investment grew by 9% in absolute equipment. Housing construction had 12% more invested in it in 1964, not so much owing to increased demand, as to fears of new taxes and limitation of building.Total consumption in real terms rose by close on 11% during 1964, and per capita personal consumption by under 7%, as in 1963. The undesirable trend towards a rapid rise in consumption, evident in previous years, remained unaltered. Since at current prices consumption rose by 16% and disposable income by 13%, there was evidently a fall in the rate of saving in the private sector of the economy. Once again consumption 第6页共19页patterns indicated a swift advance in the standard of living. Expenditure on food declined in significance, although consumption of fruit increased. Spending on furniture and household equipment, health, education and recreation continued to increase.The greatest proof of altered living standards was the rapid expansion of expenditure on transport (including private cars) and personal services of all kinds, which occurred during 1964. The progressive wealth of large sectors of the public was demonstrated by the changing composition of durable goods purchased. Saturation point was rapidly being approached fbr items such as the first household radio, gas cookers, and electric refrigerators, whereas increasing purchases of automobiles and television sets were registered.16.From this passage, we learn that people .A.spent more money than they earnedB.saved more money than previouslyC.invested and consumed at an accelerated paceD.spent their money wisely17.The author thinks that the trend towards a rapid rise in consumption was "undesirable"because .A.expenditure on luxuries increasedB.people were wealthyC.people consumed lessD.people saved less18.Expenditure increased on all the following EXCEPT .A.foodB.automobilescationD.entertainment19.It can be inferred from the increase of fruit consumption that .A.people had to spend more on transportation and furnitureB.the price of fi'uit dropped dramaticallyC.people were more money consciousD.people were more healthy conscious20.The word "registered" in the last line most probably means .A.markedB.approachedC.listedD.bookedText EBritain's flexible labour market was a boon during the economic slump, helping keep joblessness down and then, when the recovery began, allowing employment to rise. Yet one of its bendier bitsis causing politicians to fret. Ed Miliband, the leader of the Labour Party, has promised a crackdown on "zero-hours contracts^, if he wins the next election. The government has launched a consultation.Zero-hours contracts allow firms to employ workers for as few or as many hours as they need, with no prior notice. In theory, at least, people can refuse work. Fully 1.4m jobs were based on these contracts in January 2014, according to the Office for National Statistics. That is just 4% of the total, but the share rises to a quarter in the hospitality business.The contracts are useful for firms with unstable patterns of demand, such as hotels and restaurants. They have also helped firms to expand during the recovery— 9allowing them to test new business lines before hiring permanent staff, who would be more costly to make redundant if things went wrong.Flexibility suits some workers, too. According to one survey, 47% of those employed on zero-hours contracts were content to have no minimum contracted hours. Many of these workers are in full-time education. The ability to turn down work is important to students, who want to revise at this time of year. Pensioners keen for a little extra income can often live with the uncertainty of not having guaranteed hours.Yet that leaves more than a quarter of workers on zero-hours contracts who say they are unhappy with their conditions. Some of this is cyclical. During recessions, a dearth of permanent positions forces people into jobs with no contracted hours even if they do not want them. Underemployment is particularly prevalent among these workers, 35% of whom would like more hours compared with 12% in other jobs. As the economy recovers, many should be able to renegotiate their contracts or find permanent jobs.But the recovery will not cause unwanted zero-hours contracts to disappear. Some workers will never have much negotiating power; they are constrained by geography, family commitments and lack of competition fbr their skills among a small number of big employers. Zero-hours contracts make it easier fbr employers to abuse their labour-market power. Some use them to avoid statutory obligations such as sick and maternity pay. Workers are penalised for not being available when requested. And some contracts contain exclusivity clauses which prevent workers from taking additional jobs. These can harm other employers as well as workers, and actually reduce labour market flexibility. That, at least, is worth doing away with.21.According to Paragraph 1, politicians are concerned about .A.the rise of unemployment rateB.the disorder of market economyC.the flexibility of the labour marketD.the severity of economic depression22.Zero-hours contracts are characterized by their .A.reliability and popularityB.flexibility and instabilityC.stability and sustainabilityD.adaptability and universality23.Who may not be satisfied with zero-hours contracts?A.People with specific goals.B.Workers requiring flexibility.C.Students doing part-time jobs.D.Pensioners desiring more income.24.Zero-hours contracts may allow employers to .A.satisfy their needB.violate legal provisionC.avoid legal punishmentD.fulfil their responsibility25.The text mainly focuses on zerc-hours contracts' .A.traits and effectsB.limits and defectsC.merits and impactsD.features and problemsSection BIn this section, you are going to read a passage. The reading passage has nine paragraphs, A-L Which paragraph has the following information? Write the correct letter A-I in boxes 26-35 on your answer sheet.This year's Nobel prizewinners owe their award to insights into how people find jobs.A TWO coconut trees grow on the veranda of the Chitradurga employment exchange in India's Karnataka state, where Kalandar Khan, a young member of the state civil service, holds jobs fairs and recruitment rallies. A snapshot on his mobile phone shows the veranda thronged with potential applicants for an ambulance-driver post. Another shows an event for Bharat Fertiliser; again, standing-room only. Mr. Khan5s task—matching job-seekers from a variety of backgrounds to employers with quite specific requirements一is not easy. Many of those registered on hisB Mr. Khan is hardly alone in worrying about a mismatch between workers' abilities and the jobs on offer. Halfway around the world, some reckon that many unemployed Americans lack the skills needed to fill those jobs that are being created as the country emerges from recession. Others blame deficient demand fbr the country's stubbornly high unemployment. Still others point to the housing bust, which has hampered American homeowners,ability to move to where new jobs are being created.C Divergent as they are, these opinions about America's persistently high unemployment rate are all based on a similar conceptual view of the labour market. It is seen as a mechanism fbr pairing people with jobs in which matching cannot take place instantaneously. This way of thinking about the jobs market and unemployment owes an intellectual debt to research on markets with search frictions carried out in the 1970s and 1980s by Peter Diamond of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dale Mortensen of Northwestern University and Christopher Pissarides of the London School of Economics. On October 11th they were awarded this year's Nobel Prize for economics fbr their work.D The econcmists' approach to these issues was a sharp break from the norm in the early 1970s, when standard economic models mostly treated labour as a commodity which had the worker's wage as its price. There, couid be no unemployment in the simplest versions of these models, because wages would fall instantaneously to eliminate it. True, few economists took these simple models literally, lots of research was done to modify their assumptions and generate more realistic results, often by making it harder fbr wages to fall. But even the modified models took little note of data on how people flowed into and out of employment. The stretches of unemployment, the job hunts, the moves from job to job, the rate at which workers were fired or hired, all this was absent. Mr. Mortensen argued that this needed to change. Investigating the way people actually went about finding jobs in an uncertain environment, he believed, should be a central concern of the analysis of labour markets. Initially working independently of each other—though Messrs Mortensen and Pissarides later collaborated fruitfully this year's laureates would go on to do just that.E The three economists built upon earlier work by George Stigler, who had studied the process by which people acquired information, and who won the Nobel Prize himself in 1982. Pointing out that getting information costs time and effort, Mr. Stigler argued that people would do so only as long as the additional benefits of having more information exceeded the additional costs of acquiring it. Mr. Mortensen saw this framework as a useful way of thinking about labour markets, because finding employment in a decentralized labour market typically involves gathering and evaluating information on 第10页共19页vacancies and wages.F Mr. Diamond modeled this job-search process in a series of seminal papers written between 1979 and 1982. One was based on the premise that not all jobs are equally suitable for all workers. The first person offered a job might not be as good a match for it as the second or third person. So if every unemployed person grabbed the first job that came his way, the match between workers and jobs that resulted would not be optimal. By making it possible for workers to be more selective about the jobs they accepted, Mr. Diamond showed, unemployment insurance would improve the efficiency of the labour market.G In another famous paper published in 1982, Mr. Diamond showed how an economy in which different agents need to seek each other out could end up with several equilibrium rates of unemployment. In other words, there was no single "natural" rate. Policymakers could in principle try fbr the equilibrium they most favoured. In a touch which Mr. Khan in Chitradurga might appreciate, he explained his reasoning using the example of a tropical island where finding and trading coconuts was the only fbnn of economic activity. Just as some people cannot find work, so some coconuts do not find a buyer. Economics students today still study the "Diamond coconut model".H The best-known work by Messrs Mortensen and Pissarides. a joint paper written in 1994, is also a staple of economics courses. Whereas earlier analysis had tended to make assumptions about the rate at which job vacancies arose, the two figured this out from more basic assumptions about the incentives of workers and employers. Their results have particular resonance today: their model showed why unemployment would shoot up in a recession but fall much more slowly when a recovery began.I The work that earned this year's Nobel prize was carried out decades ago. But with the unemployment rate in America stubbornly stuck at 9.6% 16 months after the official end of the country's recession, it remains as relevant today as when it was done. Mr. Diamond, for one, may soon have to apply some of the insights from his research to the real world. His nomination to the board of America's Federal Reserve is still in limbo after some Republicans questioned his competence. Perhaps a Nobel Prize will encourage them to revise their opinion.26.The match between employees and jobs would not be perfect if every unemployedone took the first job he found.27.Mr. Mortensen held that the most important concern of the analysis of the labourmarkets should be the investigation on the way people found jobs in an uncertain environment.28.Many of those who registered on Mr. Khan's exchange don't possess the skills thatemployers require.29. In the early 1970s, standard economic models mostly regarded labour as a commodity.30. Many people are worrying about the mismatch between the applicants competenceand the jobs offered.31. Mr. Stigler won the Nobel Prize in 1982.32. Mr. Khan created the "Diamond coconut model".33. Peter Diamond, Dale Mortensen and Christopher Pissarides were awarded NobelPrize fbr economics.34. According to Mr. Stigler, people would not spend time and effort to acquire information ifthe additional costs outweighed the benefits.35. In Mr. Diamond's analysis, the efficiency of the personnel market could be enhanced by theunemployment insurance.PART III PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION(20POINTS)The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage,correct them and write your answer on the Answer Sheet in the following way: EXAMPLEWhen art museum wants a new exhibit, it never buys things in finished form and hangs in... them on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it.You've probably heard about face blindness, an incurable neurological disorder that impairs someone's ability to recognize faces ― ven that of family or friends. 1.It affects about 2.5 percent of the world's population.At the other end of the spectrum are “super recognizers?5These gifted individuals can remember people they've1. When an art museum ...2....it nev e r buys things3. ...wants an exhibit, it...精品文档!met or seen only briefly, as well as people they haven't seen in decades whose appearance may have changed. Though researchers don't yet know how many of us have these superior facial recognition skills, early estimates indicate that, like facial blindness, 1 in 50 people has the 2.skill.Researchers studied 254 British young adults and investi -gated how the super recognizers among them processed faces. According to Sarah Bate, Ph.D. it has long been known that the optimal way to process faces involve the 3.use of a "configural" or "holistic" processing strategy. This involves seeing faces as a whole, taking amount of all of 4.the facial features and the spacing between them. Interestedly, 5. all of the super recognizer participants displayed heightened configural processing on at least one task. We also monitor 6.their eye movements as they looked at faces. While control participants mostly looked at the eyes, super recognizers spent more time looking at the nose. It is possible that this more central viewing position promotes the optimal configural processing strategy.Being a super recognizer has nothing to do with your intellect or your ability to excel at visual or memory tasks. However, it may have anything to do with your genes, as increasing 7. evidence shows the ability is heredity. Face blindness has 8.been known to run in families, too.But don't feel bad if you're not a super recognizer. Chances are you recognize a lot many people than you realize: the vast 9. majority of people recognize between 1,000 to 10,000 faces. "There's a huge difference between our ability to recognize familiar versus unfamiliar faces,,, Professor Mike Burton told The Guardian. "People are surprisingly bad between checking 10. a real face against a photo ID, and yet we recognize friends and colleagues over a huge range of conditions.,,PART IV CLOZE (20 POINTS)There are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best fits into the passage.For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, 第13页共19页。

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2019年浙江财经大学金融硕士考研全真模拟试题及答案解析考试时间:180分钟试卷分数:150分命题时间:2018年6月命题人:原高校命题组成员育明教育温馨提示:客观题请将答案涂在答题卡上,主观题请用黑色或者蓝色签字笔认真在答题纸上作答。

431金融学综合模拟卷二十五及答案解析金融学模拟试卷二十五考试时间:180分钟试卷分数:150分育明教育温馨提示:客观题请将答案涂在答题卡上,主观题请用黑色或者蓝色签字笔认真在答题纸上作答。

一、计算题(共4小题,每小题10分,共40分)1.某6个月期面值为100元的贴现式国债,以99元的价格发行。

(1)其年折扣率是多少?(2)其到期的年实际收益率又是多少?(3)假如某机构在该国债发行上市后3个月以99.2元的价格买入,其持有到期的实际收益率是多少?(4)如果该机构随之将该国债面值1000万元,以回购方式卖出,期限一个月,融资980万元,回购利率是2%。

计算需支付的利息额。

2.在过去10年中,A基金平均回报12.8%,β为0.9;B基金平均回报17.9%,β为1.3。

同期的市场均回报率14%,无风险收益率为5%。

你如何在上述两种投资基金中作选择?为什么?某公司目前为非杠杆公司,价值50万美元,发行在外的股票20万股,公司决定不久将借20万美元债务用于回购20万美元价值的股票。

如果公司适用税率为34%,那么有多少股票能被回购?4.有如下IBJ银行即期汇率报价(全球银行间市场报价):GBP/USD 1.5485/90 USD/JPY 78.26/34 AUD/USD 0.9940/50问:(1)JPY(日元)买入价(BID)和GBP(英镑)的卖出价(ASK)是多少?(2)有ABC银行向IBJ银行买入澳元500万,按上述报出的价格成交,需付给对方多少美元?(3)另有XYZ银行同时报价GBP/USD1.5483/92,与国银行的报价相比较,XYZ银行有什么企图?二、简答题(共5小题,每小题10分,共计50分)1.作为货币政策框架的通货膨胀目标制的含义是什么?它与传统的货币政策体系有什么不同?2.请简述蒙代尔一弗莱明模型。

3.什么是证券投资的技术分析?它的理论基础和市场条件是什么?4.存款货币银行(商业银行为代表)与其他金融机构的根本区别在哪里?与其他金融机构相比,它与中央银行的关系又有什么不同?5.简述证券的估值方法。

三、论述题(共2小题,每小题30分,共计60分)1.请画图和列出公式,论述无税和有税条件下的MM定理I和MM定理Ⅱ。

2.试述布雷顿森林体系崩溃的原因,并对所谓的“布雷顿森林体系Ⅱ”做出评述。

金融学模拟试卷二十五解析一、计算题(共4小题,每小题10分,共40分)1.(1)半年实现的折扣率:(2)实际收益率(半年):,因此一年的实际收益率为:(1+0.0101)2-1=2.03%(3)实际收益率(三个月):因此实际收益率(一年):(1+0.00807)4-1=0.0327(4)支付的利息额:980×0.02/12=1.63万元2.根据CAPM,A基金的预期收益率:B基金的预期收益率:可以看到,市场认为A基金的预期收益率13.1%,大于过去10年的平均回报率12.8%。

因此市场可能高估了A基金的预期收益率,从而价格也被高估。

相反,B基金的预期收益率16.7%小于过去10年的平均回报率,从而价格被低估。

因此应该选择B基金。

3.根据MM定理,举债将产生税盾价值:V D=DT=20×0.34=6.8万美元因此在回购股票之前,公司的价值为:V L= V D + V U =50+6.8=56.8万美元因此每股价格:56.8/20=2.84美元可以回购的股份数:20/2.84=7.04225万股≈70422股4.(1)根据条件,JPYBID=1.5490×78.34=121.35;ASK=1.5485×78.26=121.19(2)根据报价,支付的美元为:500×0.9950=497.5万美元(3)XYZ银行扩大了英镑买卖价之间的差额,说明XYZ银行不想进行英镑买卖交易。

二、简答题(共5小题,每小题10分,共计50分)1.中央银行直接以通货膨胀为目标并对外公布该目标的货币政策制度。

在通货膨胀目标制下,传统的货币政策体系发生了重大变化,在政策工具与最终目标之间不再设立中间目标,货币政策的决策依据主要依靠定期对通货膨胀的预测。

中央银行根据预测提前确定本国未来一段时期内的中长期通货膨胀目标,中央银行在公众的监督下运用相应的货币政策工具使通货膨胀的实际值和预测目标相吻合。

实行通货膨胀目标制国家的货币当局必定要将在未来一段时间所要达到的目标通货膨胀率向外界公布,换句话说就是必须确定和公布合理通货膨胀目标区间所谓通货膨胀目标区间是指在特定时期特定经济体中,客观存在的能够保持国民经济持续、稳定、健康增长的通货膨胀率的上下限,通货膨胀率位于此区间中是可接受的,或者说可容忍的。

欲实行通货膨胀目标制就要求中央银行具有高度的独立性。

中央银行的独立性是指中央银行在履行、制定、实施货币政策时的自主性,就是中央银行可以不接受来自政府的指令,当然,可以与政府协商。

央行的独立性体现在与制定和实施货币政策直接有关的职能领域,如确定中央银行贴现率、制定与调整金融机构的法定存款准备率、进行公开市场操作等等。

对中央银行独立性可能产生影响的还有央行的人事任免制度、经费预算制度、为政府提供信用服务等方面的制度规定。

保证中央银行的独立性和可信度是通货膨胀日标制成功的关键。

也就是说,中央银行要有绝对的权力选择必要的政策工具来实现通货膨胀目标。

与此同时,增强中央银行的声誉和可信度也是至关重要的。

一旦公众对中央银行的意愿和能力产生怀疑,其行为就会与中央银行的要求发生背离,以致影响政策实施的效果。

2.蒙代尔—弗莱明模型扩展了对外开放经济条件下不同政策效应的分析,说明了资本是否自由流动以及不同的汇率制度对一国宏观经济的影响。

其目的是要证明固定汇率制度下的“米德冲突”可以得到解决。

模型假设价格在短期内是不变的;经济中的产出完全由总需求决定;货币是非中性的,货币的需求不仅与收入相关,而且与实际利率负相关;商品和资本可以在国际市场完全自由流动,资本的自由流动可以消除任何国内外市场的利率差别。

模型主要结论有:①在没有资本流动的情况下,货币政策在固定汇率下在影响与改变一国的收入方面短期是有效的,但长期来看是无效的,在浮动汇率下则更为有效;②在资本有限流动情况下,整个调整结构与政策效应与没有资本流动时基本一样;③而在资本完全可流动情况下,货币政策在固定汇率时在影响与改变一国的收入方面是完全无能为力的,但在浮动汇率下,则是有效的。

3.技术分析是指以市场行为为研究对象,以判断市场趋势并跟随趋势的周期性变化来进行股票及一切金融衍生物交易决策的方法的总和。

技术分析认为市场行为包容消化一切。

技术分析的理论基础为:①市场行为包容消化一切影响价格的任何因素:基本面、政治因素、技术分析、心理因素等等因素都要最终通过买卖反映在价格中,也就是价格变化反映供求关系,供求关系决定价格变化。

②价格以趋势方式演变对于已经形成的趋势来讲,通常是沿现存趋势继续演变。

例如:牛顿惯性定律(物体在不受外力作用时保持其静止或匀速直线运动状态)。

③历史会重演。

技术分析和市场行为学与人类心理学有一定关系,价格形态通过特定的图表表示了人们对某市场看好或看淡的心理。

技术分析的市场条件可以认为是有效市场假说中所描述的弱有效市场不成立。

因为,无论如何技术分析都是通过对证券以往的价格走势来预测证券未来的价格走势,因此,这样的预测可以成功,说明以往的价格走势对于股票价格的趋势有预测作用,弱有效市场不成立。

4.商业银行是以追求最大利润为目标,以多种金融负债筹集资金,以多种金融资产为其经营对象,能将部分负债作为货币流通,同时可进行信用创造,并向客户提供多功能、综合性服务的金融企业。

首先,商业银行具有一般企业的特征。

其次,商业银行又不是一般的企业,而是经营货币资金、提供金融服务的企业,是一种特殊的企业。

商业银行与其他金融机构的根本区别在于商业银行能提供全面的金融服务并吸收活期存款;其他金融机构不能吸收活期存款,只能提供某一个方面或某几个方面的金融服务。

商业银行也不同于中央银行。

商业银行为工商企业、公众及政府提供金融服务。

而中央银行只向政府和金融机构提供服务,创造基础货币,并承担制定货币政策,调控经济运行,监管金融机构的职责。

中央银行与商业银行的关系完整理解应该包括三个方面:第一,是政企关系。

中国人民银行是国家的金融行政管理机关,商业银行是专门办理信用业务的金融企业,它以银行利润为经营目标,它必须执行中国人民银行制定的方针、政策、规定和制度。

第二,是存贷关系。

中国人民银行是银行的银行,商业银行是向中国人民银行存款和申请再贷款的企业。

商业银行的资金来源,主要是吸收存款,也可以向中国人民银行申请贷款,即由中国人民银行通过贷款方式向商业银行提供资金。

第三,是领导和被领导关系。

中国人民银行相对于各商业银行来说,存在着指导、胁调、监督和检查的关系。

5.证券的估值方法一般分为两种类型,一种为现金流折现模型,另外一种为可比公司法。

第一,现金流折现模型。

是对企业未来的现金流量及其风险进行预期,然后选择合理的折现率,将未来的现金流量折合成现值。

使用此法的关键确定:第一,预期企业未来存续期各年度的现金流量;第二,要找到一个合理的公允的折现率,折现率的大小取决于取得的未来现金流量的风险,风险越大,要求的折现率就越高;反之亦反之。

现金流折现模型的公式为:。

第二,可比公司法。

可比公司法分为3种,市盈率法、市净率法和PEG估值法。

市盈率法是指以行业平均市盈率(P-Eratios)来估计企业价值,按照这种估价法,企业的价值得自于可比较资产或企业的定价。

这里假设,同行业中的其他企业可以作为被估价企业的“可比较企业”,平均市盈率所反映的企业绩效是合理而正确的。

市盈率估价法通常被用于对未公开化企业或者刚刚向公众发行股票的企业进行估价。

市净率法,市净率PB(股价/每股净资产)和净资产收益率ROE:PB&ROE适合于周期的极值判断。

对于股票投资来说,准确预测e是非常重要的,e的变动趋势往往决定了股价是上行还是下行。

PEG指标(市盈率相对盈利增长比率)是用公司的市盈率除以公司的盈利增长速度。

当时他在选股的时候就是选那些市盈率较低,同时它们的增长速度又是比较高的公司,这些公司有一个典型特点就是PEG 会非常低。

PEG指标(市盈率相对盈利增长比率)是彼得·林奇发明的一个股票估值指标,是在PE(市盈率)估值的基础上发展起来的,它弥补了PE对企业动态成长性估计的不足,其计算公式是:PEG=PE/企业年盈利增长率。

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