2018年浙江高考模拟卷
2018高考浙江卷语文试卷及答案(解析版)
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）语文一、语言文字运用（共20分）1. 下列各句中，没有错别字且加点字的注音全都正确的一项是A. 从懵．（měng）懂的幼儿到朝气蓬勃的少年，从踌躇满志的青年到成熟的中年，最后步入两鬓．（bìng）斑白的老年：有序变化是生命亘古不变的主题。
B. 虽然语言系统有自我净化能力，随着时间的推移，会分层过滤，淘尽渣滓．（zǐ），淬．（cuì）炼真金，但是当下网络语言带来的一些负面影响仍不容小觑。
C. 江上一个个漩涡，似乎在仰首倾听清晨雁鸣；那些雉堞．（dié）、战车，均已废驰；鸟鸣声穿过山风烟霭，落满了山峦；遍野麦浪，渐成燎．（liáo）原之势。
D. 对于那些枉顾道德与法律铤而走险的电商平台，有关部门必须给予相应的惩．（chěng）罚，否则难以制止种种薅．（hāo）顾客羊毛的恶劣行为。
【答案】B【解析】试题分析：此题考查考生对常见常用字字音字形的把握。
主要考查的是多音字、形近字和异形字，有些字的读音区别度很小，可能体现在音调、平翘舌、前后鼻音等。
记忆它的读音时一般根据它的语意或词性。
A项“两鬓”的“鬓”，念作“bìn”。
C项“废驰”的“驰”应写作“弛”。
D项“惩罚”的“惩”，应念作“chéng”。
阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
在第55届博洛尼亚国际儿童书展上，中国插画展现场的观众络绎不绝．．．．，显示出各界对中国插画现状与发展的关切。
【甲】什么是插画？插画就是出版物中的插图：一本书如果以插画为主，以文字为辅，就被称为绘本，顾名思义就是画出来的书。
一本优秀的绘本，可以让不认字的孩子“读”出其中蕴涵的深意。
【乙］在各色画笔下，蝴蝶、花朵、叶子、大树等跃然．．纸上．．，孩子可以对色彩、实物进行认知学习。
在学校里阅读的绘本，父母在家里也可以和孩子一起阅读。
如此一来，孩子在幼儿园抑或在家里，都拥有一个语言互通的环境。
第13题-2018年浙江高考物理高考题型汇编“4+6”(真题+全真模拟) Word版含解析
2018浙江学考选考复习备考分题汇编“4+6”（真题+全真模拟）第13题1、【2017年11月浙江省普通高校招生选考科目考试物理试题】如图所示是具有更高平台的消防车，具有一定质量的伸缩臂能够在5min内使承载4人的登高平台（人连同平台的总质量为400kg）上升60m到达灭火位置，此后，在登高平台上的消防员用水炮灭火，已知水炮的出水量为3m3/min，水离开炮口时的速率为20m/s，则用于（）A. 水炮工作的发动机输出功率为1×104WB. 水炮工作的发动机输出功率为4×104WC. 水炮工作的发动机输出功率为2.4×106WD. 伸缩臂抬升登高平台的发动机输出功率约为800w【答案】B2、【2017年4月浙江省普通高校招生选考科目考试物理试题】图中给出某一通关游戏的示意图，安装在轨道AB上可上下移动的弹射器，能水平射出速度大小可调节的弹丸，弹丸射出口在B点的正上方，竖直面内的半圆弧BCD的半径为R=2.0m，直径BD水平且与轨道AB处在同一竖直平面内，小孔P和圆心O连线与水平方向夹角为37º，游戏要求弹丸垂直于P点圆弧切线方向射入小孔P就能进入下一关.为了能通关，弹射器离B点的高度和弹丸射出的初速度分别是(不计空气阻力)A. B.C. D.【答案】A【考点】本题主要考察知识点：平抛运动【解析】由题意可知弹丸从p点射出时的速度方向就是半径OP的方向.即与水平方向成37度夹角，由平抛运动规律h=0.15,3、【2016年10月浙江省普通高校招生选考科目考试物理试题】如图所示，质量为m、电荷量为q的带电小球A用绝缘细线悬挂于O点，带有电荷量也为q的小球B固定在O点正下方绝缘柱上，其中O点与小球A的间距为，O点与小球B的间距为，当小球A平衡时，悬线与竖直方向夹角=30°，带电小球A、B均可视为点电荷，静电力常量为k，则A．AB间库仑力大小B．AB间库仑力大小C．细线拉力D．细线拉力【答案】B【解析】A的受力如图所示，几何三角形OAB与力三角形相似，对于变成比例，则，由余弦定律，则，故B正确。
专题06 平面向量 (解析版)
专题06 平面向量【真题感悟】1.（2018年浙江卷）已知a，b，e是平面向量，e是单位向量．若非零向量a与e的夹角为，向量b满足b2−4e·b+3=0，则|a−b|的最小值是（）A．B．C．2 D．【答案】A【解析】设，则由得，由得因此的最小值为圆心到直线的距离减去半径1，为选A.2.（2017年浙江卷）如图，已知平面四边形ABCD，AB⊥BC，AB＝BC＝AD＝2，CD＝3，AC与BD交于点O，记，，，则A．I１<I２<I３B．I１<I３<I２C．I３<I１<I２D．I２<I１<I３【答案】C【解析】因为，，，所以，故选C．3.（2019年浙江卷）已知正方形ABCD 的边长为1，当每个(1,2,3,4,5,6)i i λ=取遍±1时，123456||AB BC CD DA AC BD λλλλλλ+++++的最小值是________；最大值是_______.【答案】(1)0 (2)【解析】()()12345613562456AB BC CD DA AC BD AB AD λ+λ+λ+λ+λ+λ=λ-λ+λ-λ+λ-λ+λ+λ要使123456AB BC CD DA AC BD λ+λ+λ+λ+λ+λ的最小，只需要135562460λ-λ+λ-λ=λ-λ+λ+λ=，此时只需要取1234561,1,1,1,1,1λ=λ=-λ=λ=λ=λ=此时123456min 0AB BC CD DA AC BD λ+λ+λ+λ+λ+λ=等号成立当且仅当1356,,λ-λλ-λ均非负或者均非正，并且2456,,λ-λλ+λ均非负或者均非正. 比如1234561,1,,1,1,11λλλ=-λλ=-=λ===则123456max AB BC CD DA AC BD λ+λ+λ+λ+λ+λ==4.（2017年浙江卷）已知向量a,b 满足1,2a b ==，则a b a b ++-的最小值是___________，最大值是______.【答案】 4【解析】设向量,a b 的夹角为θ，由余弦定理有： 212a b -=+=212212cos 4cos a b θ+=+-⨯⨯⨯=，则：54cos a b a b ++-=+令y =[]21016,20y =+，据此可得：()()maxmin2025,164a b a b a b a b++-==++-==，即a b a b ++-的最小值是4，最大值是25．5.（2016年浙江文）已知平面向量a ，b ，|a|=1，|b|=2，a·b=1.若e 为平面单位向量，则|a·e|+|b·e|的最大值是______.【解析】由已知得,60<>=︒a b ，不妨取(1,0)=a ，=b ，设(cos ,sin )αα=e ，则cos cos ααα⋅+⋅=++a e b e 2cos αα，取等号时cos α与sin α同号．所以2cos 2cos αααα=αα=)αθ=+（其中sinθθ==θ为锐角）．)αθ+≤ 易知当2αθπ+=时，sin()αθ+取最大值1，此时α为锐角，sin ,cos αα同为正，因此上述不等式中等．6.（2016年浙江理）已知向量a ，b ，｜a ｜ =1，｜b ｜=2，若对任意单位向量e ，均有 ｜a·e ｜+｜b·e ｜≤,则a·b 的最大值是 ．【答案】12【解析】()221||||262a b e a e b e a b a b a b a b +⋅≤⋅+⋅≤+≤⇒++⋅≤⇒⋅≤，即最大值为12. 7.（2015年浙江文）已知1e ， 2e 是平面单位向量，且1212e e ⋅=．若平面向量b 满足121b e b e ⋅=⋅=，则b = ．【解析】由题可知，不妨()11,0e =，212e ⎛=⎝⎭，设(),b x y =，则11b e x ⋅==，2112b e x y ⋅=+=，所以31,3b ⎛⎫= ⎪ ⎝⎭，所以113b =+=.8.（2015年浙江理）已知12,e e 是空间单位向量，1212e e ⋅=，若空间向量b 满足1252,2b e b e ⋅=⋅=，且对于任意,x y R ∈，12010200()()1(,)b xe ye b x e y e x y R -+≥-+=∈，则0x = ，0y = ，b = ．【答案】1，2，22.【解析】问题等价于12()b xe ye -+当且仅当0x x =，0y y =时取到最小值1，两边平方即xy y x y x |+--++5422在0x x =，0y y =时，取到最小值1，2245|b |x y x y xy ++--+ 22(4)5||x y x y b =+--+22243()(2)7||24y x y b -=++--+，∴⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧===⇒⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧=+-=-=-+22||211||702024002000y x y y x . 【考纲要求】1．理解平面向量及几何意义，理解零向量、向量的模、单位向量、向量相等、平行向量、向量夹角的概念. 2．掌握向量加法、减法、数乘的概念，并理解其几何意义.3．理解平面向量的基本定理及其意义，会用平面向量基本定理解决简单问题. 4．掌握平面向量的正交分解及其坐标表示. 5．掌握平面向量的加法、减法与数乘的坐标运算.6．理解平面向量数量积的概念及其意义，了解平面向量的数量积与向量投影的关系. 7．掌握平面向量数量积的坐标运算，掌握数量积与两个向量的夹角之间的关系.8．会用坐标表示平面向量的平行与垂直.9．会用向量方法解决某些简单的平面几何问题.【考向分析】1.平面向量的线性运算2.平面向量的坐标运算3.平面向量的数量积、模、夹角.【高考预测】平面向量的数量积、模、夹角是高考考查的重点、热点，往往以选择题或填空题的形式出现.常常以平面图形为载体，考查数量积、夹角、垂直的条件等问题；也易同三角函数、解析几何、不等式等知识相结合，以工具的形式出现．近几年浙江卷主要考查平面向量的坐标运算、模的最值等问题，与三角函数、解析几何密切相连，难度为中等或中等偏难.【迎考策略】1.向量线性运算的解题策略（1）常用的法则是平行四边形法则和三角形法则，一般共起点的向量求和用平行四边形法则，求差用三角形法则，求首尾相连向量的和用三角形法则．（2）找出图形中的相等向量、共线向量，将所求向量与已知向量转化到同一个平行四边形或三角形中求解．（3）用几个基本向量表示某个向量问题的基本技巧：①观察各向量的位置；②寻找相应的三角形或多边形；③运用法则找关系；④化简结果．2. 准确理解共线向量定理（1）a∥b等价于存在不全为零的实数λ1，λ2，使λ1a＋λ2b＝0成立．对于向量a(a≠0)，b，若存在实数λ，使得b＝λa，则向量a，b共线；若向量a＝(x1，y1)，b＝(x2，y2)，则x1y2－x2y1＝0⇔a∥b；（2）共线向量定理是解决三点共线问题的有利工具：解题过程中常用到结论：“P，A，B三点共线”等价于“对直线AB 外任意一点O ，总存在非零实数λ，使()1OP O OB A λλu u u r u u u u r u r＝＋－成立”．3. 基底的“唯一”与“不唯一”“不唯一”：只要同一平面内两个向量不共线，就可以作为表示平面内所有向量的一组基底，对基底的选取不唯一；“唯一”：平面内任意向量a 都可被这个平面内的一组基底e1，e2线性表示，且在基底确定后，这样的表示是唯一的．4.平面向量数量积的计算方法①定义法求平面向量的数量积：已知向量a ，b 的模及夹角θ，利用公式a·b ＝|a ||b|cos θ求解； ②坐标法求平面向量的数量积： (a)已知或可求两个向量的坐标；(b)已知条件中有(或隐含)正交基底，优先考虑建立平面直角坐标系，使用坐标法求数量积．③基底法求平面向量的数量积：选取合适的一组基底，利用平面向量基本定理将待求数量积的两个向量分别表示出来，进而根据数量积的运算律和定义求解．(2)对于向量数量积与线性运算的综合运算问题，可先利用数量积的运算律化简，再进行运算． 5.向量数量积的性质（1）如果e 是单位向量，则a ·e ＝e ·a . （2）a ⊥b ⇔a ·b ＝0.（3）a ·a ＝|a |2，|a （4）cos θ＝||||⋅a ba b .(θ为a 与b 的夹角)（5）|a ·b |≤|a ||b |.6.利用向量夹角公式、模公式，可将有关角度问题、线段长问题转化为向量的数量积来解决．同时应注意： (1)两向量的夹角是指当两向量的起点相同时，表示两向量的有向线段所形成的角，若起点不同，应通过移动，使其起点相同，再观察夹角．(2)两向量夹角的范围为[0，π]，特别当两向量共线且同向时，其夹角为0，共线且反向时，其夹角为π. (3)在利用向量的数量积求两向量的夹角时，一定要注意两向量夹角的范围． 7.巧建坐标系系，妙解向量题：坐标是向量代数化的媒介，若能建立适当的直角坐标系，往往能很快实现问题的转化．常见的建系方法如下：（1）利用图形中现成的垂直关系若图形中有明显互相垂直且相交于一点的两条直线(如矩形、直角梯形等)，可以利用这两条直线建立坐标系． （2）利用图形中的对称关系图形中虽没有明显互相垂直交于一点的两条直线，但有一定对称关系(如：等腰三角形、等腰梯形等)，可利用自身对称性建系．建立平面直角坐标系的基本原则是尽可能地使顶点在坐标轴上，或在同一象限． （3）三角形中有唯一一个特殊角(30°、45°、60°等)时，有以下两种建系方法（4）圆(或半圆、扇形)与其他图形的综合图形通常以圆心为坐标原点建系．（5）所给向量中任意两向量之间的夹角为特殊角，将所给向量平移为共起点，以该起点为坐标原点建系．【强化演练】1．(2019年高考北京卷理)设点A ，B ，C 不共线，则“AB 与AC 的夹角为锐角”是“||||AB AC BC +>”的( ) A ．充分而不必要条件 B ．必要而不充分条件 C ．充分必要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件【答案】C【解析】AB 与AC 的夹角为锐角，所以2222||||2||||2AB AC AB AC AB AC AB AC ++⋅>+-⋅，即22||||AB AC AC AB +>-，因为AC AB BC -=，所以|AB +AC |>|BC |；当|AB +AC |>|BC |成立时，|AB +AC |2>|AB -AC |2AB ⇒•AC >0，又因为点A ，B ，C 不共线，所以AB 与AC 的夹角为锐角.故“AB 与AC 的夹角为锐角”是“|AB +AC |>|BC |”的充分必要条件,故选C ．2.(2019届北京市通州区三模)设a ，b 均为单位向量，则“a 与b 夹角为2π3”是“||+=a b ”的( ) A ．充分而不必要条件 B ．必要而不充分条件 C ．充分必要条件 D ．既不充分也不必要条件【答案】D【解析】因为a ，b 均为单位向量， 若a 与b 夹角为2π3，则||1+=a b ， 因此，由“a 与b 夹角为2π3”不能推出“||+=a b ”；若||+=a b||+=a b 解得1cos ,2=a b ，即a 与b 夹角为π3， 所以，由“||+=a b 不能推出“a 与b 夹角为2π3” 因此，“a 与b 夹角为2π3”是“||+=a b ”的既不充分也不必要条件. 故选D3.(浙江省温州市2019届高三2月高考适应)在平面上，，是方向相反的单位向量，||＝2 ，(-) •(-) ＝0 ，则|-|的最大值为（ ） A ．1 B ．2C ．2D ．3【答案】D【解析】由题意(-) •(-) ＝0，即-（=0，又，是方向相反的单位向量，所以有，即||＝1，记,则A,B两点的轨迹分别是以原点为圆心，以2和1为半径的圆上，当反向共线时，如图：|-|的最大值为1+2=3，故选D.4．(浙江省金华十校2019届高三上期末)已知向量，满足：，，，且，则的最小值为A．B．4 C．D．【答案】A【解析】由题意可知，把看作，，，则可表示为，点B在直线上，设，，，，，，，则的最小值可转化为在直线取一点B，使得最小，作点C关于的对称点，则最小值即可求出，设，由，解得，，则，故的最小值为．故选：A．5．(浙江省嘉兴市2019届高三上期末)已知向量，满足，，则的取值范围是( )A．B．C．[D．[【答案】D【解析】设点M为平面中任意一点，点是关于原点对称的两个点，设，根据题意，根据椭圆的定义得到点M的轨迹是以为焦点的椭圆，方程为.,即.故答案为：D.6．(浙北四校2019届高三12月模拟)已知向量，满足，，则的最小值是( ) A．1 B．2 C．3 D．4【答案】A【解析】因为，，由绝对值向量三角不等式得：===1，故选A.7．(浙江省2019届高考模拟卷（一)）如图，在中，，，为上一点，且满足，若的面积为，则的最小值为( )A．B．C．3 D．【答案】D【解析】，得到，所以，结合的面积为，得到,得到，所以，故选D.8．(浙江省温州九校2019届高三第一次联考)已知是不共线的两个向量，的最小值为，若对任意m,n，的最小值为1, 的最小值为2，则的最小值为（）A．2 B．4 C．D．【答案】B【解析】设的夹角为，则，则由的最小值为,的最小值为，可得，两式相乘可得（*）而，结合（*）可得，解得则故选B.9.(浙江省“七彩阳光”联盟2019届高三期初联考)均为单位向量，且它们的夹角为，设满足，则的最小值为（）A．B．C．D．【答案】C【解析】设，以所在直线为轴，垂直于所在直线为轴，建立平面直角坐标系则，，则满足，故，如图其轨迹图象则其最小值为故选.10．（天津市和平区2019届高三下学期第三次质量调查）已知菱形ABCD 的边长为2，120BAD ∠=︒，点E ，F 分别在边BC ，DC 上，3BC BE =，DC DF λ=，若1AE AF ⋅=，则λ的值为( ) A ．3 B ．2C ．23D ．52【答案】B【解析】由题意可得：()()113AE AF AB BE AD DF AB BC BC AB λ⎛⎫⎛⎫⋅=+⋅+=+⋅+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭22111133AB BC AB BC λλ⎛⎫=+++⋅ ⎪⎝⎭， 且：224,22cos1202AB BC AB BC ==⋅=⨯⨯=-， 故()44112133λλ⎛⎫+++⨯-= ⎪⎝⎭，解得：2λ=.故选：B.11．(湖北省黄冈中学2019届高三三模)已知m ，n 是两个非零向量，且||2m =，|2|4m n +=，则||||m n n ++的最大值为______.【答案】【解析】设m 的起点为坐标原点，因为||2m =，所以设m 的终点坐标为(2,0)，即(2,0)m =，设(,)n x y =，因为|2|4m n +=，所以2222(22)(2)16(1)4x y x y ++=⇒++=，21x -≤≤，||||(m n n x ++=+，而2222(1)423x y x x y ++=⇒++=，所以有||||72m n n ++=+≤==1x =-时，取等号，即||||m n n ++的最大值为12．(浙江省七彩联盟2019届高三11月期中】已知向量，满足，，若对任意实数x 都有，则的最小值为______【答案】【解析】如图，由，知在上的投影为2，即，，对任意实数x 都有，．由摄影定理可得，．设，取，可得P在直线BC上，线段OP的最小值为O到直线BC的距离，当时，．故答案为：．13．(浙江省浙南名校联盟2019届高三上期末)若向量满足，且，则的最小值是_ _.【答案】【解析】设，，，由可知，所以点C在以AB为直径的圆上；设,，则，而表示点O到以AB为直径的圆上任一点的距离，所以最大值即是点O到圆心E的距离加半径，即，所以，即最小值为2.故答案为2.14．(浙江省台州市2019届高三上期末)设圆，圆半径都为1，且相外切，其切点为．点，分别在圆，圆上，则的最大值为__ __．【答案】【解析】以为原点，两圆圆心所在的直线为轴建立如图所示的直角坐标系．则，，令，，所以所以，令，则，所以当时，有最大值，填．15.(2019年高考天津卷理数】在四边形ABCD 中，,5,30AD BC AB AD A ==∠=︒∥，点E在线段CB 的延长线上，且AE BE =，则BD AE ⋅=_____________． 【答案】1-【解析】建立如图所示的直角坐标系，∠DAB =30°，5,AB AD ==则B ，5)2D . 因为AD ∥BC ，30BAD ∠=︒，所以30ABE ∠=︒， 因为AE BE =，所以30BAE ∠=︒，所以直线BEy x =-， 直线AE的斜率为3-，其方程为3y x =-.由y x y x ⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩得x 1y =-，所以1)E -. 所以35(,)(3,1)12BD AE =-=-.16. (2019年高考江苏卷)如图，在ABC △中，D 是BC 的中点，E 在边AB 上，BE =2EA ，AD 与CE交于点O .若6ABAC AO EC ⋅=⋅，则ABAC的值是_____.【解析】如图，过点D 作DF //CE ，交AB 于点F ，由BE =2EA ，D 为BC 的中点，知BF =FE =EA ,AO =OD ．()()()3632AO EC AD AC AE AB AC AC AE =-=+-，()223131123233AB AC AC AB AB AC AB AC AB AC ⎛⎫⎛⎫=+-=-+- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭22223211323322AB AC AB AC AB AC AB AC AB AC ⎛⎫=-+=-+= ⎪⎝⎭，得2213,22AB AC =即3,AB AC =故ABAC=。
2018高考浙江卷英语真题、答题卡、答案(16开、免排版、可编辑)
绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(浙江卷)选择题部分第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。
第一节(共5小题:每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍例: How much is the shi rt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。
1. What will James do tomorrow?A. Watch a TV program.B. Give a talk.C. Write a report.2. What can we say about the woman?A. She's generous.B. She's curious.C. She's helpful.3. When does the train leave?A. At 6:30.B. At 8:30.C. At 10:30.4. How does the woman go to work?A. By car.B. On foot.C. By bike.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Teacher and student.C. Doctor and patient.第二节(共15小题:每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。
2018年6月高考英语浙江卷读后续写真题解析及范文赏析(度假骑马迷路)
2018年6月浙江卷:度假骑马迷路
CONTENTS
目 录
1 试题再现 2 试题分析 3 写作思路 4 范文赏析
01 历年高考英语读后续写真题分析 2018 试题再现
试题再现
读后续写 高中英语写作 新题型
阅读阅下读面下材面料短，根文据，其根内据容所和给所情给段节落进开行头续语写续，写使两之段，构使成之一构个成完一整篇的完析 2018 试题分析
原文分析
It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West. We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul, my dad’s friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.
dawn on my farm,” he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the
chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze (吃
03 历年高考英语读后续写真题分析 2018 写作思路
理解材料
高中英语写作 新题型
阅读回下面答材下料面，几根个据其问内题容，和检所测给段一落下开你头是语否续读写两懂段了，原使材之料构成。一篇完整的短文。
极值点不等式构造 高考数学模拟试题与解析
专题3极值点不等式构造如果函数)(x f 的零点为)321( ，，=i x i ，某个极值点为0x ，如果出现证n x m i <<，我们称之为找点不等式，而一旦出现m x x <+212或者m x x >12之类，我们称之为零点不等式，这个内容我们上一讲已经通过构造比值函数解决，当出现n x f m <<)(0时，我们称之为极值点不等式，本文就介绍这一系列极值点不等式的构造方法.由于此类型题目众多，我们还是以高考题为参考来进行解读.2021年浙江卷，最后一问证明：2212ln e 2e b b x x b>+，这一类问题我们在之前的找点部分已经阐述，无论是极值点的不等式还是零点的不等式，找点就是标配，正应了那句话，“不找点，无导数”。
考点一外争与内斗：如果)(0x f 是函数)(x f y =的极小值，则在证明不等式n x f m <<)(0中，n x f <)(0可以直接从函数中找点获得，这属于函数“内斗”，而)(0x f m <，一个比极小值还要小的值，必须要将0)(0='x f 的关系式做隐零点代换，构造新的函数)(0x g 来最值，这就属于“外争”；同理，)(0x f 是函数)(x f y =的极大值，则在证明不等式n x f m <<)(0中，)(0x f m <属于“内斗”，n x f <)(0则属于“外争”。
【例1】(2017•新课标II)已知函数2()ln f x ax ax x x =--，且()0f x .(1)求a ;(2)证明:()f x 存在唯一的极大值点0x ，且220e ()2f x --<<.【例2】（2023•哈尔滨模拟）已知223()(1),042x f x x lnx a x a =--->．（1）若()f x 在区间(1,)+∞上有且仅有一个极值点m ，求实数a 的取值范围；（2）在（1）的条件下，证明：23()44e f m <<．【例3】（2023•山东模拟）已知函数2()(1)()x f x a x e a R =+-∈．（1）当12a =时，判断函数()f x 的单调性；（2）若()f x 有两个极值点1x ，212()x x x <，证明：111()2f x e -<<-．【例4】（2022•5月份模拟）已知函数()(1)x f x x a e =--，其中e 为自然对数的底数，a R ∈．（1）求函数()f x 的单调区间；（2）设()()x g x e f x =，当1a =时，证明：函数()g x 有且仅有一个极小值点0x ，且0211()4g x e-<<-．【例5】（2022•南充模拟）已知()x f x e ax =-，()cos g x ax x =-．（1）当0a >时，求()f x 在[1，2]上的最小值；（2）若()()()()2F x f x g x x π=+-，证明：()F x 存在唯一的极值点0x 且01()1F x -<<．【例6】（2022•炎德英才模拟）已知函数21()2x f x ax x e =+-．（1）若1a =，求不等式()1f lnx >-的解集；（2）当1a >时，求证函数()f x 在(0,)+∞上存在极值点m ，且3()2m f m ->．注意：涉及3()2m f m ->这一类()()f m g m >的，只能外争，所以我们再看下一题.【例7】（2023•浙江期末）已知函数2()2()f x xlnx ax x a R =--∈．（Ⅰ）求证：2()(2)3f x a x x --；（Ⅱ）若0x 为函数()f x 的极值点，①求实数a 的取值范围；②求证：02012x e ax >+．注意：本题似乎就是找点有一点技术含量，这也是为什么，模拟题技术含量不如高考真题的原因.考点二极值点外争不等式的放缩选取方案我们会发现，当关于极值点0x 不等式出现涉及00()()f x g x >的，只能外争，因为0)(0='x f ，能得出隐零点关系式后代入不等式00()()f x g x >，这里就会涉及隐零点关系式选取问题，以及不等式放缩问题，那么这个问题本质是什么呢？我们通过例题来说明.【例8】（2023•长沙县月考）已知函数()ln()1x f x ae x a =-+-．（1）若()f x 的极小值为0，求实数a 的值；（2）当0a >时，证明：()f x 存在唯一极值点0x ，且00()2||0f x x +．注意：双变量问题一直是一个难点，因为不知道抓哪一个，本题我们需要根据参数的范围来判断，发现目标式012)ln(000>-++-x a x ae x 当中，由于a 的范围决定了0x 范围，故我们应该把0x 作为参数，隐零点代换的本质除了替换函数，还有一个更重要的就是单调性替换，我们分析原函数，0x ae 单调递增，)ln(0a x +-单调递减，所以原函数无法直接参与放缩构造，①当01a <<时，极值点01(0,x a ∈，我们通过ax ae x +=010一替换，就能发现000001()2||()21()f x x ln x a x h a x a+=-++-=+，这样就能形成关于a 的单调递减函数)(a h ，从而得到一个放缩式0001()(1)ln(1)2101h a h x x x >=-++->+；②当1a >时，极值点01(0)x a a ∈-，，由于)(a h 递减，我们不可能采用0001()ln()210h a x x x >-+∞-->+∞，只能寻找另外的隐零点代换形式，根据001x ae x a=⇒+00ln )ln(x a a x --=+，所以00()ln 1x h a ae a x =+--，这里就是一个关于a 的单调增函数，即000000()2||ln 110x x f x x e a x e x +>+-->-->.如果回头来看这题解析，我们能发现两种构造的区别就是利用⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧>><<+>+=)1()10(11100000a e ae a x a x ae x x x 不同放缩式，决定采用不同代换的，其本质其实是隐零点代换后关于参数a 的新函数)(a h 单调性来决定的.问题探讨到了这个深度，我们可以来还原一下浙江高考题的庐山真面目了.【例9】（2020•浙江）已知12a <，函数()x f x e x a =--，其中 2.71828e =⋯为自然对数的底数．（Ⅰ）证明：函数()y f x =在(0,)+∞上有唯一零点；（Ⅱ）记0x 为函数()y f x =在(0,)+∞上的零点，证明：0x ；（ⅱ）00()(1)(1)x x f e e a a --．看了此题我们才能明白，高考真题的含金量确实是远超平常模考题，因为模考题都是按照高考真题的套路来的，接下来我们走近极值点和零点的双变量不等式内容的研究,还是那句，找点先行，构造单调放缩函数在后，把握变量主元.考点三极值点和零点混合双变量不等式问题极值点和零点混合双变量不等式问题，本质还是找点，我们来看看这道经典的天津高考题.【例10】(2019•天津文)设函数()ln (1)e x f x x a x =--，其中a R ∈.(I)若0a ，讨论()f x 的单调性;(II)若10ea <<，(i)证明()f x 恰有两个零点;（ⅱ）设0x 为()f x 的极值点，1x 为()f x 的零点，且10x x >，证明：0132x x ->．注意：方案一显然更简单，但是必须建立在11(1ln )x a∈，和10x x >基础之上，这里三变量，参数是纽带，但也做不了主元，这也是上一问找点所给我们带来的提示，方案二就适合那些直接用无穷大而绕开找点的同学们提供的方案，这些极值点和零点的不等式充分说明了，找点永远是导数的重要支柱.【例11】（2022•南昌三模）已知函数21()1(0,)2x f x e ax x x a R =--->∈．（1）当1a =时，判断()f x 的单调性；（2）若1a >时，设1x 是函数()f x 的零点，0x 为函数()f x 极值点，求证：1020x x -<．注意：一道极值点与零点不等式问题，硬是活生生变成了找点的题，其实也是逼着大家不能用极限去避开找点，我们来看一下导数和三角综合的零点不等式问题.【例12】（2023•广东月考）已知函数2()x f x ae x -=-，()sin x g x xe a x =-，其中a R ∈．（1）若0a >，证明()f x 在(0,)+∞上存在唯一的零点；（2）若1a e <，设1x 为()f x 在(0,)+∞上的零点，证明：()g x 在(0,)π上有唯一的零点2x ，且1232x x ->．注意：选择方案一的是真正做明白了这类题，一个好的找点方案决定一道压轴问的走向.考点四找点之双参数问题双参数问题，基本上涉及切线找点和主元选取，不同主元选取导致问题的难度有着天壤之别，限于篇幅，此类问题我们会在《高中数学新思路》系列3中再来详细叙述，本文我们仅以2018年浙江高考题来呈现此类问题.【例13】（2018•浙江）已知函数()ln f x x =-．（1）若()f x 在1x x =，212()x x x ≠处导数相等，证明：12()()88ln 2f x f x +>-；（2）若34ln 2a ≤-，证明：对于任意0k >，直线y kx a =+与曲线()y f x =有唯一公共点．注意：一道高考好题，将数形结合体现得淋漓尽致，这个双变量，k 一直为主体，a 为辅助，隐零点代换也是将k 换成了1x ，最后还是需要找点，综合来看，单调性极值得分析，隐零点代换+找点，这条主线才是双变量导数的核心，我们后面将讲到极值点偏移了，这个内容本质也跟找点有关联吗？达标训练1.（2023•广东月考）已知函数()f x lnx ax a =-+．（1）若函数()f x 的最大值是f （1），求实数a 的值；（2）设函数()()h x xf x =，在（1）的条件下，证明：()h x 存在唯一的极小值点0x ，且01()4h x >-．2.（2022•上杭县开学）已知曲线()(3)(2)x f x x e a lnx x =-+-（其中e 为自然对数的底数）在1x =处切线方程为(1)y e x b =-+．（Ⅰ）求a ，b 值；（Ⅱ）证明：()f x 存在唯一的极大值点0x ，且021()5e f x --<<-．3.（2022•贵阳模拟）已知函数()sin (0)x f x e a x a =->，曲线()y f x =在(0，(0))f 处的切线也与曲线22y x x =-相切．（1）求实数a 的值；（2）若0x 是()f x 的最大的极大值点，求证：0131()2f x <<．4.（2022•东区月考）已知()(1)()(1)1x f x x e a aln x =+--++，a R ∈．（1）若1a =，判断()f x 的单调性；（2）若1a >，且()f x 的极值点为0x ，求证：0()()f x f x 且0()1f x <．5.（2022•成都期中）已知函数()()x a f x lnx e +=-（其中 2.718e = 为自然对数的底数）．（Ⅰ）若曲线()y f x =在点(1，f （1）)处的切线与x 轴交于点(2,0)，求a 的值；（Ⅱ）求证：11a e >-时，()f x 存在唯一极值点0x ，且010x e<<．6.（2022•长沙模拟）已知112b <<，函数()2x f x e x b =--，其中 2.71828e =⋯为自然对数的底数．（1）求函数()y f x =的单调区间；（2）记0x 为函数()y f x =在(0,)+∞0x <<7.（2022•南京三模）已知函数2()(1)3x f x x x e =-+-，()()x f x g x xe x=-，e 为自然对数的底数．（1）求函数()f x 的单调区间；（2）记函数()g x 在(0,)+∞上的最小值为m ，证明：3e m <<．8.（2022•北碚区期中）已知函数()21()f x lnx ax a R =--∈．（1）讨论()f x 的单调性；（2）若函数()()F x xf x =存在极值点0x ，求证：02021x e ax ->．9.（2022•浙江模拟）已知函数()()x f x ln x a ae =+-．（1）当1a =时，求()f x 极值；（2）设0x 为()f x 的极值点，证明：001()2||1f x x --．10.（2022•日照期末）设函数()(1)x f x lnx a x e =--，其中a R ∈．（1）若1a =，求曲线()y f x =在点(1，f （1）)处的切线方程；（2）若10a e <<．①证明：函数()f x 恰有两个零点；②设0x 为函数()f x 的极值点，1x 为函数()f x 的零点，且10x x >，证明：1002x x lnx <+．11.（2022•西城区三模）已知函数()(1)x f x e mlnx =+，其中0m >，()f x '为()f x 的导函数．（1）当1m =，求()f x 在点(1，f （1）)处的切线方程；（2）设函数()()x f x h x e '=，且5()2h x 恒成立．①求m 的取值范围；②设函数()f x 的零点为0x ，()f x '的极小值点为1x ，求证：01x x >．12.（2019•天津理）设函数()cos x f x e x =，()g x 为()f x 的导函数．（Ⅰ）求()f x 的单调区间；（Ⅱ）当[4x π∈，]2π时，证明()()()02f x g x x π+-；（Ⅲ）设n x 为函数()()1u x f x =-在区间(24n ππ+，2)2n ππ+内的零点，其中n N ∈，证明：20022sin cos n n e n x x x πππ-+-<-．。
2018年高考浙江卷英语(含答案)
绝密(juémì)★启用(qǐyòng)前2018年6月普通高等学校(gāoděngxuéxiào)招生全国统一考试（浙江(zhè jiānɡ)卷）英语选择题部分(bù fen)第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
学@科网1. What will James do tomorrow?A. Watch a TV program.B. Give a talk.C. Write a report.2. What can we say about the woman?A. She’s generous.B. She’s curious.C. She’s helpful.3. When does the train leave?A. At 6:30.B. At 8:30.C. At 10:30.4. How does the woman go to work?A. By car.B. On foot.C. By bike.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Teacher and student.C. Doctor and patient.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分(mǎn fēn)22.5分）听下面(xià mian)5段对话或独白(dúbái)。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
(完整版)2018全国高考试题浙江卷理综
浙江省2018年高考理综试卷第一卷在下列各题的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
以下数据可供解题时参考：原子量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 P 311 •在临床治疗上已证实，将受SARS病毒感染后治愈患者（甲）的血清，注射到另一SARS 患者（乙）体内能够提高治疗效果。
甲的血清中具有治疗作用的物质是（）A •疫苗B .外毒素C •抗原D.抗体2 •一个初级精母细胞在减数分裂的第一次分裂时，有一对同源染色体不发生分离；所形成的次级精母细胞减数分裂的第二次分裂正常。
另一个初级精母细胞在减分裂的第一次分裂正常；减数分裂的第二次分裂时在两个次级精母细胞中，有一个次级精母细胞的1条染色体的姐妹染色单体没有分开。
以上两个初级精母细胞可产生染色体数目不正常的配子（以下简称为不正常的配子）。
上述两个初级精母细胞减数分裂的最终结果应当是（）A •两者产生的配子全部都不正常B. 前者产生一半不正常的配子，后者产生的配子都不正常C. 两者都只产生一半不正常的配子D. 前者产生全部不正常的配子，后者只产生一半不正常的配子3 •离体的叶绿体在光照下进行稳定光合作用时，如果突然中断CO2气体的供应，短暂时间内叶绿体中C3化合物与C5化合物相对含量的变化是（）A • C3化合物增多、C5化合物减少B • C3化合物增多，C5化合物增多C. C3化合物减少，C5化合物增多 D • C3化合物减少，C5化合物减少4 •自然界中，一种生物某一基因及其三种突变基因决定的蛋白质的部分氨基酸序列如下：正常基因精氨酸苯丙氨酸亮氨酸苏氨酸脯氨酸突变基因1精氨酸苯丙氨酸亮氨酸苏氨酸脯氨酸突变基因2精氨酸亮氨酸亮氨酸苏氨酸脯氨酸突变基因3精氨酸苯丙氨酸苏氨酸酪氨酸丙氨酸根据上述氨基酸序列确定这三种突变基因DNA 分子的改变是( )A .突变基因1和2为一个碱基的替换，突变基因 3为一个碱基的增添B. 突变基因2和3为一个碱基的替换，突变基因1为一个碱基的增添 C .突变基因1为一个碱基的替换，突变基因2和3为一个碱基的增添D .突变基因2为一个碱基的替换，突变基因 1和3为一个碱基的增添能与人体血液中血红蛋白结合的一种有毒气体是 ( )F 列离子中，所带电荷数与该离子的核外电子层数相等的是( )F 列说法中不正确的是 ( )B. 6.02 6023个氮分子和6.02 6 023个氢分子的质量比等于 14 : C . 32g 氧气所含的原子数目为 2 £02 1023D .常温常压下，0.5 602氷023个一氧化碳分子所占体积是 11.2L 10 .常温时，以下 4种溶液pH 最小的是5.生活在一个生物群中的两个种群 (a 、b )的数量变化如图所示,F 列判断正确的是( )A . a 种群与 b 种群为捕食关系,a 种群依赖于b 种群B . a 种群与 b 种群为竞争关系, 竞争强度由强到弱C . a 种群为S 型增长，其增长受本身密度制约 D . b 种群为 J 型增长，始终受到 a 种群的制约A .氯气B .氮气C . 一氧化碳D .甲烷A . Al 3+B . Mg 2+C . Be 2+D . H +2018年，IUPAC (国际纯粹与应用化学联合会)推荐原子序数为 Ds ，以纪念该元素的发现地(Darmstadt ，德国)。
2018年高考化学(课标版)仿真模拟卷(三)含答案
2018高考仿真卷·化学(三)(满分:100分)可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Al 27 S 32 Fe 56 Co 59一、选择题:本题共7小题,每小题6分,共42分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
7.中华民族历史悠久,有着优秀的传统文化。
古诗词是中国灿烂文化遗产中的瑰宝,其意蕴含蓄,意境深远。
下列有关说法正确的是( )①“榆荚只能随柳絮,等闲撩乱走空园”中的“柳絮”的主要成分是纤维素②“日照香炉生紫烟,遥看瀑布挂前川”中的“烟”是弥漫在空气中的PM2.5固体颗粒③“零落成泥碾作尘,只有香如故”中的“香”体现了分子是由原子构成的④“落红不是无情物,化作春泥更护花”其中包含了复杂的化学变化过程A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④8.W、Q、X、Y、Z是五种短周期主族元素,其中X原子K、L层电子数之比为1∶2,Y元素最外层电子数是次外层的3倍,Z是短周期主族元素中原子半径最大的元素,W是地壳中含量最高的金属元素,Q元素的最高化合价与最低化合价之和为6。
下列判断不正确的是( )A.Y的简单氢化物比X的稳定性强B.含有元素W的盐溶液既能显酸性,也能显碱性C.常温下,W元素的单质与浓硝酸反应生成NO2D.Z、W的单质分别与Q的单质化合后的产物中所含化学键类型不相同9.设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值,下列说法正确的是( )A.标准状况下,11.2 L HF中含有氟原子的数目为0.5N AB.2 mol SO2和1 mol O2混合充分反应后,转移电子的数目为4N AC.46 g NO2和N2O4的混合物中含有氧原子的数目为2N AD.1 mol乙醇分子中含有极性键的数目为8N A10.下列实验方案不能达到实验目的的是( )A.图A装置用Cu和浓硝酸可制取NOB.图B装置可用于实验室制备Cl2C.图C装置可用于实验室制取乙酸乙酯D.图D装置可用于实验室分离CO和CO211.对下列有机化学的认识中,错误的是( )A.反应+Br2+HBr属于取代反应B.淀粉和纤维素属于多糖,在人体内水解转化为葡萄糖,为人类提供能量C.分枝酸结构简式如下图所示,可与乙醇、乙酸反应,也可使溴的四氯化碳溶液、酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色D.取蔗糖水解液少许,先滴加过量的NaOH溶液,再滴入新制的氢氧化铜,加热,有砖红色沉淀生成,证明其水解产物具有还原性12.NaBH4燃料电池具有理论电压高、能量密度大等优点。
2018年高考浙江卷英语真题及答案
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
AIn 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as itsfirst professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters —from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’style of writing attracted audiencesfrom all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birthapproaches, it is possible —and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one. 21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A. They were difficult to understand.B. They were popular among the rich.C. They were seen as nearly worthless.D. They were written mostly by women.22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.A. his reputation in FranceB. his interest in modern artC. his success in publicationD. his importance in literature23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To remember a great writer.B. To introduce an English novel.C. To encourage studies on culture.D. To promote values of the Victorian age.BSteven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at,they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.z.x.xkThe industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑） these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.24. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A. Help increase grocery sales.B. Recycle the waste material.C. Stop things falling off trucks.D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.25. What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Bans on plastic bags.B. Effects of city development.C. Headaches caused by garbage.D. Plastic bags hung in trees.26. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A. They are quite expensive.B. Replacing them can be difficult.C. They are less strong than plastic bags.D. Producing them requires more energy.27. What is the best title for the text?A. Plastic, Paper or NeitherB. Industry, Pollution and EnvironmentC. Recycle or Throw AwayD. Garbage Collection and Waste ControlCAs cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line （装配线）on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.zxx.kThe cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demandfor oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.29. What has the use of cars in America led to?A. Decline of economy.B. Environmental problems.C. A shortage of oil supply.D. A farm-based society.30. What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?A. Ambiguous.B. Doubtful.C. Hopeful.D. Tolerant.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2018年浙江高考试卷—含答案
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）数 学本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。
全卷共4页，选择题部分1至2页；非选择题部分3至4页。
满分150分。
考试用时120分钟。
考生注意：1．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。
2．答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。
参考公式：若事件A ，B 互斥，则()()()P A B P A P B +=+ 若事件A ，B 相互独立，则()()()P AB P A P B = 若事件A 在一次试验中发生的概率是p ，则n 次独立重复试验中事件A 恰好发生k 次的概率()C (1)(0,1,2,,)k k n kn n P k p p k n -=-=台体的体积公式121()3V S S h =+其中12,S S 分别表示台体的上、下底面积，h 表示台体的高柱体的体积公式V Sh =其中S 表示柱体的底面积，h 表示柱体的高 锥体的体积公式13V Sh =其中S 表示锥体的底面积，h 表示锥体的高 球的表面积公式 24S R =π球的体积公式343V R =π其中R 表示球的半径选择题部分（共40分）一、选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
学￥科网 1．已知全集U ={1，2，3，4，5}，A ={1，3}，则=UAA ．∅B ．{1，3}C ．{2，4，5}D ．{1，2，3，4，5}2．双曲线221 3=x y -的焦点坐标是A ．(0)，，0) B ．(−2，0)，(2，0)C ．(0，)，(0)D ．(0，−2)，(0，2)3．某几何体的三视图如图所示（单位：cm ），则该几何体的体积（单位：cm 3）是A ．2B ．4C ．6D ．84．复数21i- (i 为虚数单位)的共轭复数是 A ．1+i B ．1−i C ．−1+i D ．−1−i5．函数y =||2x sin2x 的图象可能是A ．B ．C ．D ．6．已知平面α，直线m ，n 满足m ⊄α，n ⊂α，则“m ∥n ”是“m ∥α”的 A ．充分不必要条件 B ．必要不充分条件C ．充分必要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件7．设0<p <1，随机变量ξ的分布列是俯视图正视图222则当p 在（0，1）内增大时， A ．D （ξ）减小B ．D （ξ）增大C ．D （ξ）先减小后增大D ．D （ξ）先增大后减小8．已知四棱锥S −ABCD 的底面是正方形，侧棱长均相等，E 是线段AB 上的点（不含端点），设SE 与BC 所成的角为θ1，SE 与平面ABCD 所成的角为θ2，二面角S −AB −C 的平面角为θ3，则 A ．θ1≤θ2≤θ3B ．θ3≤θ2≤θ1C ．θ1≤θ3≤θ2D ．θ2≤θ3≤θ19．已知a ，b ，e 是平面向量，e 是单位向量．若非零向量a 与e 的夹角为π3，向量b 满足b 2−4e ·b +3=0，则|a −b |的最小值是 A 1BC ．2D ．210．已知1234,,,a a a a 成等比数列，且1234123ln()a a a a a a a +++=++．若11a >，则 A ．1324,a a a a <<B ．1324,a a a a ><C ．1324,a a a a <>D ．1324,a a a a >>非选择题部分（共110分）二、填空题：本大题共7小题，多空题每题6分，单空题每题4分，共36分。
2018年浙江高三上学期高考模拟英语试卷(部分重点中学联考)-学生用卷
2018年浙江高三上学期高考模拟英语试卷（部分重点中学联考）-学生用卷一、阅读理解（共10小题，每小题2.5分，共25分）1、【来源】 2018年浙江高三上学期高考模拟（A篇）第21~23题7.5分Paddy Nicholls, 69, won his fight for justice yesterday after 23 years in prison for the murder of a woman. Mr. Nicholls was locked up for life for murdering Gladys Heath, a 74-year-old friend, found dead at her home in Worthing, Sussex.Mr. Nicholls was taken to London's Law Courts in a wheelchair yesterday to hear his name formally cleared and to hear Lord Justice Roth said, "We regret that you were wrongly found guilty and have spent such a long time in prison. " Mr. Nicholls stood with difficulty to receive one of the biggest compensation pay outs from the Home Office for his nightmare years in prison.He was accused of killing Mrs. Heath during a robbery attempt after spending the day with her in a local club. The facial injuries were said to have been caused by Mr. Nicholls. But a review of the case by experts who examined Mrs. Heath's body found that the facial injuries weren't serious and were probably caused by the fall which followed the heart attack.During the murder inquiry, Mr. Nicholls originally said he hadn't been in the victim's house but later admitted he had lied. He told the court that he found Mrs. Heath lying at the foot of the stairs but didn't call emergency services. He was frightened of the police by whom he had been questioned about the death of another woman weeks earlier.The extreme joy of having cleared his name after 23 years is great for Mr. Nicholls but there must be a lot of bitterness that will never go away. "It's easy to say I should enjoy the rest of my life.However, that will be hard for my life when I had the best years of my life stolen away. "(1) Which statement about Mr. Nicholls may the author agree with?A. He is in poor health.B. He is greedy for money.C. He felt guilty while in prison.D. He used to break the law.(2) Why didn't Mr. Nicholls call emergency services for Mrs. Heath?A. He was too scared to respond.B. He was on bad terms with her.C. He supposed she had made the call.D. He feared being suspected by the police again.(3) What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Mr. Nicholls man ages to end his sufferings.B. Mr. Nicholls feels worried about his future life.C. Mr. Nicholls promises to live his life to the full.D. Mr. Nicholls looks forward to his best years.2、【来源】 2018年浙江高三上学期高考模拟（B篇）第24~27题10分2018年湖北黄石下陆区湖北省黄石第二中学高三一模第28~31题8分2017~2018学年5月山东枣庄薛城区枣庄市第八中学高二下学期月考（C篇）第8~11题8分2018年湖北咸宁咸安区湖北省鄂南高级中学高三一模第28~31题8分2018年湖北黄冈黄州区湖北省黄冈中学高三一模第28~31题8分Cities are likely to be affected by overheating, thanks to something called the urban heat island effect. Cities tend to be short of trees, which provide shade, and they are covered with black pavement, which absorbs heat from the sun. Think of how it feels to wear a dark shirt versus a white shirt on a sunny day. A black shirt absorbs light, heating you up. But a white shirt reflects light, keeping you cool.The average temperature in a city of a million or more people can be more than 5 degrees F hotter than surrounding areas. That extra 5 degrees can turn a hot day from uncomfortable to deadly. As temperatures rise, cities will be an especially dangerous place to be during a heat wave. To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.As part of that effort, Los Angeles is coating its roads in Cool Seal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt（沥青）. It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air conditioning sends power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality. Hot weather worsens air pollution by turning car exhaust into smog, which can make life miserable for people with asthma（哮喘）and other breathing problems.Of course, LA will have to do more than paint over a few streets to cool off the city. Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to rooftops—at least those not already covered in solar panels. While LA is a pioneer of reflective streets, other cities, like New York, are already experimenting with reflective roofs or, like Melbourne, lowering the temperature by planting trees. LA is hardly alone in its effort to stay cool."This is an urgent challenge, and it's much bigger than one person, " said Mayor Garcetti in a recent statement. "Climate change is a fact of life that people in Los Angeles and cities around the world live with every day."(1) Which of the following contributes to the urban heat island effect?A. Planting more trees in the streets.B. Covering the streets with white paint.C. Applying reflective paint to rooftops.D. Furnishing every house with air conditioners.(2) What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer?A. How to make the city cooler.B. Where to wear a white shirt.C. Why to coat the roads with black paintD. When to cut off the electricity supply.(3) What benefit can people gain from the use of CoolSeal?A. Increasing the indoor activities.B. Promoting the sale of air conditioners.C. Making life easier and more comfortable.D. Reducing the number of cold days.(4) What's the main idea of the passage?A. L.A. adopted many approaches to fight against the heat.B. L.A. calls on people to fight against global warming.C. More and more countries begin to plant trees in the streets.D. L.A. is painting its streets white to keep the city cool.3、【来源】 2018年浙江高三上学期高考模拟（C篇）第28~30题7.5分The world's longest sea bridge opened on Oct. 24, 2018, linking the cities of Hong Kong and Macao to the Chinese mainland. The 55 km Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is regarded as a key part of the Greater Bay Area plan, a campaign to connect Hong Kong, Macao and 9 cities of Guangdong to form a high-teach region to TAL#NBSP rival Silicon Valley."The bridge is not just a mega transport infrastructure jointly built by Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, " Hong Kong's Secretary for Transport and Housing, Frank Chan Fan said. "The collaboration between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao in terms of trade, finance, logistics and tourism will be strengthened. Hong Kong will assume a more proactive role in the development of the Greater Bay Area." However, private cars will only be able to use it after applying for a special permit. The crossing will mostly be used by shuttle buses and freight vehicle.Under construction since 2009, the structure is supported by three cable-stayed bridged and designed to withstand strong winds. A 6.7 km undersea tunnel has been built to avoid disrupting shipping lanes, connected by two artificial islands. Towers above the bridge are designed to look like dolphins, in honour of the white dolphin, Chinese knots and a boat's mast, according to the bridge's designers. The curved of the road are meant to resemble a snake.The bridge advanced integration of the three cities. Commuters on the bridge will go through three different checkpoints for Hong Kong, Macao, and Zhuhai. "From the opening of the bridge to the eventual integration of these three different places, with three different histories and cultures, it is an interesting experiment, "said Mee Kam Ng, a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.(1) What's the meaning of the underlined word "TAL#NBSP rival " in Paragraph 1?A. Make.B. Match.C. Mask.D. Mimic.(2) What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A. The bridge can be used freely by drivers.B. The bridge is nothing but a mega transport infrastructure.C. The bridge strengthens the cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao.D. The bridge highlights the role of Zhuhai.(3) What is implied in Paragraph 3?A. The bridge is constructed easily.B. The bridge is strong and full of art.C. The bridge is designed after dolphins.D. The bridge has special canals for ships.二、七选五（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）4、【来源】 2018年浙江高三上学期高考模拟第31~35题10分Birds are wonderful both as pets and as visitors to the garden. If you're considering bird ownership, the care requirements include providing good housing, nutritious food and keeping an eye on the bird's health.Choose the bird species with care.1It is very important to lean as much as you can about the species before deciding which bird you will choose. The bird must match your lifestyle, interests and ability to take good care of it.2.The cage size should be big enough for the bird to put its wings out straight from side to side. Since small cages tend to lead to behavior problems, space in the cage is important—the bigger the space in the cage, the better.Feed the bird regularly at about the same time each day. This could be when you eat, or maybe earlier.3So the bird knows when to expect its food. Besides, provide the bird with average temperature water and change it daily to ensure the freshness.Keep the cage properly and regularly cleaned. A clean cage reduced the risk of your bird suffering from bacteria. Regular removal of bird droppings is very important for keeping the birdhealthy.4Give the bird lots of attention. Talk to your bird as it rides around the house. This is necessary during the first couple of years.5For example, some birds will perfectly mimic（模仿）the sound of you moving the cleaning cloth over the stove or table.A. Not all bird species are appropriate as pets.B. Anyhow, choose a time and try to stick to it.C. Purchase the right kind of cage for housing the bird.D. If your bird gets lots of attention, he or she will be happier as a whole.E. Identify the exact food needed by the species of bird you're caring for.F. Birds are fast learners and will surprise you with their range of sound effects.G. Moreover, a bird living in a clean environment tends to be more active and happier.三、完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分。
2018高考浙江卷英语真题及答案解析
2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35 分）第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 25 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和 D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
AIn 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels fora century —most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoein 1719 — but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; theliteracy （识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fictionappeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By alady. ”Novels, for the most part, werelooked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as itsfirst professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved,who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels andtheir readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist toTiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens ’word 版本整理分享greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon （名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense asthe Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.Howdid Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the testof time is extremely difficult to pass. Some60,000 novels were published during theVictorian age, from 1837 to1901; today acasual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It ’s partly true that Dickens ’ style of writing attractedaudiencesfrom all walks of life. It ’s partly that his writings rode awave of social, political and scientific progress. But it ’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck madeDickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible —and important for our own culture —to understand how he madehimself a lasting one.21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the18th century?A. They were difficult to understand.word 版本整理分享B. They were popular among the rich.C. They were seen as nearly worthless.D. They were written mostly by women.22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.A. his reputation in FranceB. his interest in modern artC. his success in publicationD. his importance in literature23.What is the author ’s purpose in writing the text? A. Toremember a great writer.B. To introduce an English novel.C. Toencourage studies on culture.D. To promote values of the Victorian age.BSteven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strangehabit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including thingsthat fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. Whatis even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bagsword 版本整理分享every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highwaysthat a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts( 收银台 ) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 citiesin California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to makethe case that their products are not as bad for the planet asmost people assume.Amongthe bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easilyrecycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent asmall percentage of all garbage on the ground today.z.x.xkThe industry has also taken aim at the product that hasappeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the moreplastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lastingreusable bags often require more energy to make. One studyfound that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to bebetter for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists don't dispute （质疑） these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.word 版本整理分享24.What has Steven Stein been hired to do? A. Helpincrease grocery sales.B. Recycle the waste material.C.Stop things falling off trucks.D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.25.What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Bans onplastic bags.B. Effects of city development.C. Headaches caused by garbage.D.Plastic bags hung in trees.26.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A. They are quite expensive.B. Replacing them can be difficult.C. They are less strong than plastic bags.D.Producing them requires more energy.27.What is the best title for the text?A. Plastic, Paper or NeitherB. Industry, Pollution and EnvironmentC. Recycle or Throw AwayD. Garbage Collection and Waste Controlword 版本整理分享CAs cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan acentury ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line （装配线） on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were producedthe next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteenmillion of them.Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture:the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel,even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car representedwhat it meant to be American —going forward at high speed tofind new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheapcars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chickenin every pot and a car in every garage. ” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.zxx.kThe cars that drove the American Dream have helped to createword 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习a global ecological disaster. In America the demandfor oil hasgrown by 22 percent since 1990.The problems of excessive （过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by theAmerican writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for thebest.Friedman points out that the green economy（经济） is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export greentechnologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food isgoing to be the currency of power in the new century. ”28.Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?A.To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.B.To show the influence of cars on American culture.C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.D. To praise the effectiveness of America ’s road system.29. What has the use of cars in America led to?A. Decline of economy.B.Environmental problems.C. A shortage of oil supply.D. Afarm-based society.30. What is Friedman ’s attitude towards America ’s future?word 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习A. Ambiguous.B. Doubtful.C. Hopeful.D. Tolerant.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2018年高考浙江卷英语试题及答案.doc
绝密★启封前2018普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语选择题部分（共80分）第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节：单项填空（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分）从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
1. --Are you sure you're ready for the best?--_________. I'm well prepared for it.A. I'm afraid notB. No problemC. Hard to sayD. Not really【答案】B【解析】句意：—你确定你准备好考试了吗？—没问题。
我已经做好准备了。
A.恐怕不；B.没问题；C.很难说；D.不是真的。
根据语境，故选B。
2.______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.A. The ; 不填B. A ; 不填C. A ; theD. The ; a3. In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from ____in the UK.A. thatB. thisC. oneD. it4. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______.A. conditionB. incomeC. creditD. status5._______online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been positive.A. SinceB. AfterC. WhileD. Unless6.That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______, he's reliable.A. Or elseB. In shortC. By the wayD. For one thing7. The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _______influence the basic processes by which we see world around us.A. onB. inC. atD. about8. We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than _______ us.A. divideB. rejectC. controlD. abandon9. Silk ______ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.A. had becomeB. rejectC. controlD. abandon10.To return to the problem of water pollution , I'd like you to look at a study _______ in Australia in 2012.A. having conductedB. to be conductedC. conductingD. conducted11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.A. whomB. whichC. whatD. that12.When their children lived far away from them , these old people felt ______from the world.A. carried awayB. broken downC. cut offD. brought up13. A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience , ______ if you are travelling at high speed.A. eventuallyB. strangelyC. merelyD. especially14. When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that ______my interest.A. limitedB. reservedC. reflectedD. spoiled15. Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2018.A. had not fallenB. would not fallC. did not fallD. would not have fallen16. In this article , you need to back up general statements with ________ examples.A. specificB. permanentC. abstractD. universal17. George _________ too far . His coffee is still warm .A. must have goneB. might have goneC. can't have goneD. needn't have gone18. I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend in the coming yearsA. little moreB. no moreC.much moreD.many more19. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students.A. wotkingB. workC. to workD. worked20.—The movie starta at 8:30,and wo can have a quick bite before wo go-- .See you at 8:10A. So longB. Sounds greatC. Good luckD.Have a good time第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分0）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—40各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
2018年11月-高考英语浙江卷-阅读理解-全文翻译(1)
2018年11月 全文翻译
阅读理解 A
The most welcome sight on a cold, wet winter night in London is the familiar shape of a London taxi cab approaching with its yellow “for hire” sign shining brightly. That shows it is ready to pick you up. Travelling by taxi in London is not just a way of going from one place to another. It is an experience to be enjoyed and remembered.The main reason for this is the drivers, who are called “cabbies.” Many of them are true Cockneys. This means they were born in the heart of London and speak their own special dialect (方言) of English. 在一个寒冷潮湿的伦敦冬夜 ，最受欢迎的景象是熟悉的 伦敦出租车的形状亮着它黄 色的“出租”标志向你靠近。 这表明它已经准备好接你了 。在伦敦乘坐出租车不仅仅 是从一个地方到另一个地方 的一种方式。这是一种值得 享受和铭记的经历。主要原 因是司机，他们被称为“出租 车司机”。他们中的许多人都 是真正的伦敦人。这意味着 他们出生在伦敦的心脏,说自 己的特殊方言(方言)英语。
阅读理解 A
And they can take you straight to any large hotel, department store, theatre or museum. They know the shortest way possible without even looking at a map, because everyone who wants to become a taxi driver must pass a very difficult examination in order to get a license to drive a taxi. The exam is called “The Knowledge.” It is a written test, and in it drivers are asked the shortest way from one place to another. They must take into account the time of day — in rush hour, a longer route (路线) may be quicker — and describe the best way. 他们可以直接带你去任何大 旅馆、百货公司、剧院或博 物馆。他们甚至不用看地图 就能知道最短的路，因为每 个想成为出租车司机的人都 必须通过非常困难的考试才 能拿到驾驶出租车的执照。 考试被称为“知识”。这是一 个笔试，在考试里司机会被 问到从一个地方到另一个地 方的最短路径。他们必须考 虑到一天的时间——在高峰 时间,更长的路线可能更快,并 描述的最好方法。
2018年浙江高考生物试卷及参考答案
2018年浙江⾼考⽣物试卷及参考答案绝密★启⽤前【全国省级联考全国省级联考】】浙江⼀、单选题1．与家免肌⾁细胞相⽐，菠菜A ．细胞壁 B ．叶绿体2．下列属于防⽌⼤⽓圈臭氧减A ．减少氟利昂的使⽤ C ．增加污染物的排放 3．将某种海鱼的抗冻基因导⼊源基因的⽅法属于A ．杂交育种B ．转基因技4．影响⽔⽣群落垂直分层的主A ．温度 B ．氧⽓的垂直分5．⼀对A ⾎型和B ⾎型的夫妇A ．完全显性 B ．不完全显6．下列关于⼈体内性激素的叙A ．睾酮促进卵细胞的发⽣C ．雌激素增强输卵管和⼦宫的7．下列关于细胞癌变及癌细胞A ．癌细胞的分裂失去控制，B ．癌细胞表⾯粘连蛋⽩的增加C ．有些物理射线可诱发基因突D ．癌变是细胞异常分化的结果8．⼈体细胞内存在⼀套复杂的A ．由单位膜包被的溶酶体含多B ．⾼尔基体主要进⾏蛋向质的C ．肝脏细胞的光⾯内质⽹上含D ．核被膜与质膜的相连可通过9．某同学进⾏了2,4-D 对插枝下列叙述正确的是A ．图中纵坐标的名称只能⽤根B ．2,4-D 的浓度是该实验的可C ．由图中可知甲组的2,4-D 浙江省2018届⾼三4⽉普通⾼校招⽣⽬考试⽣物试题菠菜叶⾁细胞不具有的结构是 C ．液泡 D ．中⼼体臭氧减少的措施是 B ．增加化肥的使⽤ D ．增加汽车尾⽓的排放因导⼊西红柿细胞中，培育成耐低温的西红柿新品种基因技术 C ．单倍体育种 D ．多倍体育种层的主要因素不包括垂直分布 C ．光的穿透性 D ．⼤⽓中颗粒物含的夫妇，⽣了AB ⾎型的孩⼦。
AB ⾎型的这种显性完全显性 C ．共显性 D ．性状分离素的叙述，错误的是B ．雌激素促进⼥性⽪下脂肪的积聚⼦宫的活动 D ．雄激素促进男性附属⽣殖器官的⽣癌细胞的叙述，正确的是，但其增殖是有限的的增加，使其易扩散转移基因突变，导致细胞癌变的结果，此分化⼤多可逆复杂的膜系统。
下列叙述错误的是体含多种⽔解酶向质的分拣和转运⽹上含氧化酒精的酶可通过线粒体来实现对插枝⽣根作⽤的实验，结果如图所⽰，其中丙是蒸能⽤根数量表⽰验的可变因素 D 浓度⾼于⼄组D ．达到a 点的⽣根效果，甲组10．ATP 是细胞中的能量通A ．ATP 中的能量均来⾃呼B ．ATP-ADP 循环使得C ．ATP ⽔解形成ADP 放D ．ATP 分⼦中的2个⾼能磷酸11．下列关于⼈体内环境的叙A ．⼼肌细胞内的CO 2浓度低于B ．⾎管中的药物需经组液进C ．⾎浆蛋⽩进⼊组织液D ．内环境的成分中有葡萄糖12．以酵母菌和葡萄糖为材料结果的叙述，错误的是A ．将温⽔化开的酵母菌悬液加B ．在甲试管内的混合液表⾯需C ．⼄试管中澄清的⽯灰浑D ．拔掉装有酵母菌与葡萄糖混13．蛋⽩质在⽣物体内具有A ．蛋⽩质化学结构的差B ．某些化学物质可使蛋⽩质的C ．蛋⽩质控制和决定着D ．“检测⽣物组织中的蛋⽩质14．下列关于⾃然选择的叙述A ．⾃然选择是⽣物进化的要B ．⾃然选择加速了种群⽣殖C ．⾃然选择获得的性状D ．⽩然选择作⽤于对个体存活15．下列关于⼈类遗传病的叙甲组处理时间⽐⼄组长量通货，下列叙述正确的是细胞呼吸释放的能量细胞储存了⼤量的ATP 时释放能量和磷酸基团能磷酸键不易断裂⽔解境的叙述，错误的是度低于其⽣活的内环境织液进⼊肌细胞会引起组织肿胀萄糖和⽆机盐等为材料进⾏“⼄醇发酵实验”，装置图如下。
【高中英语读后续写】2018年6月浙江卷
【语言积累】
续写第二段：
have no idea不知道 get stuck in被困在 an unexpected shower一场突如其来的阵雨 add t on the edge of breaking down几乎快要崩溃 Needless to say不用说
Paragraph 2: We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. We got stuck in the forest. And an unexpected shower added to the difficulty of us in finding a way home, for all the tracks we had made disappeared because of the rain. I was almost on the edge of breaking down when my father said, “Don’t worry, my son. I remember there is a river near the farm house. Find the river and we will be back home.” Finally, we found the river and got back to the house along it. Needless to say, we ate a late dinner.
【语言积累】
续写第一段：
jump out跳出来 cute [kju:t] a.可爱的 so ... that...如此……以至于 chase [tʃeɪs] vt.追 after a while过了一会儿 lost [lɒst] a.迷路的 in time及时 think to myself我心里想 a series of一系列 fruitless [ˈfru:tləs] a.没有结果的 attempt [əˈtempt] n.尝试 find a way out找到出路
2018年浙江省高考模拟试卷语文卷
2018年浙江省高考模拟试卷语文卷勾心斗角与利害谋算，与他的人品是格格不入的；他的诗词文章，或一时即兴之作，或是有所不满时有感而发，都是自然流露，顺乎天性，刚猛激烈，正如他所说的“春鸟秋虫之声”；[丙]也未曾．．不可比作他的诗句：“猿吟鹤唳本无意，不知下有行人行。
”他一直卷在政治漩涡之中，但是他却光风霁月．．．．，高高超越于狗苟蝇营的政治勾当之上。
2.文段中加点的词，运用不正确的一项是（3分）A.引起B.荟萃C.未曾D.光风霁月【命题意图】本题考查识记、理解和正确使用词语的能力，能力层级为E。
本题所选的文段源自林语堂的《苏东坡传》自序，词语并不生僻，考查的要点在于熟悉词语在具体语境中的运用，例如“未曾”与“未尝”虽只有一字之差，但意思则千差万别，就需要同学平时需注重比对与使用记忆。
难度系数0.68。
3.文段中画线的甲、乙、丙句，标点有误的一项是（2分）A.甲B.乙C.丙【命题意图】本题考查标点符号准确使用的能力，能力层级为E。
本题所涉及的标点符号即生活中时常使用的逗号与顿号间的问题，本身标点间区别并不难，但需要同学准确切割、梳理文本的层级关系，考查标点使用同时还考查文本的阅读梳理能力。
4.下列各句中，没有语病的一项是（3分）A.有人把全国两会比喻为读懂中国的根目录，那么代表委员的议案提案无疑就是其更为详尽的子目录。
以此观之，两会已经不仅是主动展示中国的窗口，也日益成为一个世界了解中国、观察中国、预测中国的窗口。
B.人民文学出版社推出的《成长，请带上这封信》一书中，汇集了30位来自各领域的知名人士为孩子写下的家书。
他们细数孩子成长中的酣畅与迷茫，期待孩子能“遵从内心，成为最好的自己”。
C.新出台的《方案》指出，产业园区招商引企工作重在积极引导人力资源服务各种业态向产业园区集中，加强对不同产业环节的培育，延伸产业链，提高人力资源服务业，扩大产业规模效益，在产业深度和高度上取得突破，提高综合竞争力。
D.杭州江干区最近率先开展了“点亮城市道路、美颜亮肤行动”，对辖区内的12条道路进行提升改造，也是江干市政继人行道“水老鼠”政治和“排水管网清道夫”行动后的又一项“大行动”。
2018年4月高考化学试题(浙江卷)(Word版 含详细解析)
2018年4月高考浙江卷化学真题解析可能用到的相对原子质量H-1 Li-7 Be-9 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Mg-24 Al-27 Si-28S-32 Cl-35. 5 K-39 Ca-40 Fe-56 Cu-64 Ag-108 Ba-137选择题部分一、选择题(本大题共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。
每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，不选、多选、错选均不得分)[2018浙江卷-1]下列属于酸的是A. HNO3B. CaCO3C. CO2D. NaOH【答案】A【解析】酸指电离时产生的阳离子全部都是氢离子的化合物；碱指电离时产生的阴离子全部都是氢氧根离子的化合物；盐指电离时生成金属阳离子(或铵根离子)和酸根离子的化合物。
可以简记为:氢头酸、氢氧根结尾碱、金属开头酸根结尾的是盐。
由此可知属于酸的是A。
【考点】酸碱盐等的定义[2018浙江卷-2]下列仪器名称为“漏斗”的是A B C D【答案】D【解析】A为冷凝管，B为容量瓶，C为量筒，D为漏斗【考点】常见仪器名称[2018浙江卷-3]下列属于电解质的是A.氯化钠B.蔗糖C.氯气D.铁【答案】A【解析】在水溶液中或熔融状态下能导电的化合物叫做电解质，酸、碱、盐、金属氧化物，有机酸(醋酸)等都属于电解质。
【考点】电解质的定义与物质分类。
[2018浙江卷-4]下列物质溶于水后溶液显酸性的是A. KCIB. Na2OC. NH4CID. CH3COONa【答案】C【解析】盐类水解的规律：有弱才水解，无弱不水解；越弱越水解，都弱都水解；谁强显谁性；同强显中性。
由此可见，盐类水解的前提条件是有弱碱的阳离子或弱酸的酸根离子，其水溶液的酸碱性由盐的类型决定，利用盐溶液的酸碱性可判断酸或碱的强弱；Na2O溶于水后生成氢氧化钠使溶液显碱性。
【考点】盐的水解及氧化钠的性质。
[2018浙江卷-5]下列属于物理变化的是A.煤的气化B.天然气的燃烧C.烃的裂解D.石油的分馏【答案】D【解析】物理变化是没有生成新物质的变化(物理变化只是物质在外形和状态方面发生了变化，与化学变化相对)。
2018浙江高考卷完形填空翻译
2018浙江高考卷完形填空翻译①我们都听说过时间比金钱更宝贵，但这是真的吗可能有太多的时间？②我记得在高中的时候，我大部分时间都在学校度过因为我也参加过团队运动。
当我到家的时候，我只有几个我花了几个小时做作业，我必须马上做。
③当我进入大学时，情况发生了变化。
我突然发现自己中午前上课。
因为这些额外的时间立即做我的功课的紧迫感。
我在表演这种等待的行为后来成为一种习惯。
一旦发生了，我在我的日子里，我一直在把我的学习推进得越来越远。
那么我为了工作熬夜到很晚完成。
④有一天，我遇到了我的一位前同学，他资金经营副业（副业）.因为他的日常工作很无聊，我问他为什么不全职做副业。
他说没有工作，他会有太多的时间，只会做我以前做的事在大学里。
他说如果他辞职，他会失去工作的动力并取得成功。
⑤所以，试着用其他工作来填满你的时间。
这就是为什么说如果你想做某事，请一个忙碌的人去做。
①We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it possible to have too much time?②I r ememberback in high school I spent most of my day atschool since I also played a team sport. By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it right away.③When I got into college, things changed. I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time. Because of all this extratime, there was no sense ofurgencyto do my school work immediately. I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a habit. Once that happened, I just kept pushing my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to the point where I was staying up really late at night to get my work done.④One day I met a former classmate of mine who was making a lot of money running a sideline（副业）.Since his regular job was boring, I asked him why he just didnt do his sideline full-time. He said without the job, he would simply have too much time and would just do what I did back in college. He said that if he quit the job, he would lose his drive to work and succeed.⑤So, try filling up your time with other work. This is why there is a saying that if you want something done, ask a busy person to do it.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
图1
图2
E
O B C D A
αβ
1
cos()
αβ+α
O B
C
D A
αβ
1
cos cos αβ
α
sin sin αβ
2018年浙江高考模拟卷 选择题部分（共40分）
一、选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有
一项是符合要求的。
1．设集合{}{}
2|21,B |||20x A x x x x =>=--<，则()
R A B =（ ）
A ．(0,2) B. (2,0]- C. (0,1) D. (1,0]- 2．帕普斯:(Pappus)古希腊数学家，3-4世纪人，伟大的几何学家，著有《数学汇编》。
此书对数学史具有重大的意义，是对前辈学者的著作作了系统整理，并发展了前辈的某
些思想，保存了很多古代珍贵的数学证明的资料。
如下图1，图2，利用帕普斯的几何图形直观证明思想，能简明快捷地证明了一个数学公式，这个公式是 A ．βαβαβαsin cos cos sin )sin(+=+ B ．βαβαβαsin cos cos sin )sin(-=- C ．βαβαβαsin sin cos cos )cos(-=+ D ．βαβαβαsin sin cos cos )cos(+=-
3.已知q 是等比数列{}n a 的公比，则“1q <”是“数列{}n a 是递减数列”的（ ） A. 充分不必要条件 B. 必要不充分条件 C. 充要条件 D. 既不充分也不必要条件
4．设实数,x y 满足0022010
x y x y x y ≥⎧
⎪≥⎪
⎨+-≤⎪⎪-+≥⎩ ，则3x y +的最大值 （ ）
A ．1 B.
73 C. 3 D. 13
3
5.已知F 1，F 2是双曲线
x 2a 2－y 2
b
2
＝1(a >0，b >0)的两焦点，以线段F 1F 2为边作正三角形MF 1F 2，若
边MF 1的中点P 在双曲线上，则双曲线的离心率是( ) 11 C.2
第10题图
A B
C
D
D '
C
O
B
A
6．已知函数3()3,()log ,()sin x
f x x
g x x x
h x x x =+=+=+的零点依次为123,,x x x ，则以下
排列正确的是 （ ） A ．123x x x << B. 132x x x << C. 312x x x << D. 231x x x << 7.
已知111(,)P a b 与222(,)P
a b 是直线1y kx =+（k 为常数）上两个不同的点，则关于x 和y 的方程组1122
1,1a x b y a x b y +=⎧⎨+=⎩的解的情况是 （ ）
(A) 无论12,,k P P 如何，总是无解. (B) 无论12,,k P P 如何，总有唯一解. (C) 存在12,,k P P ，使之恰有两解. (D) 存在12,,k P P ，使之有无穷多解
8.在等差数列{}n a 中，前n 项和n n S m =，前m 项和()m m
S m n n
=≠，则m n
S +的值（ ）
A ．小于4
B ．等于4 C.大于4 D. 大于2小于4 9.已知向量,a b 夹角为
3
π
，||2b =，对任意的x R ∈，有||||b xa a b +≥-，则1
||||()2
tb a tb a t R
-+-∈的最小值是
A.
2 B. 32
C. 12+
D. 2
10．如图， 矩形ABCD 中，1,2AB BC ==，将ADC ∆沿对角线AC 翻折至AD C '∆，使顶点D '在平面ABC 的投影O 恰好落在边BC 上，连结BD '．设二面角D AB C '--，D AC B '--，
B AD
C '--大小分别为
,,αβγ，则（ ）
A ．αβγ+>
B ．αβγ+=
C ．γαβ+>
D ．γβα+>
非选择题部分（共110分）
二.填空题：本大题共7小题，11－14题每小题6分，15－17题每小题4分，共36分。
11．已知直线1:20l ax y ++= ，2
2:(3)210l a x y -++= ，若a R ∈ ，则直线1l 恒过定
点 ；若12//l l ，则实数a = . 12. 定义在R 上的函数()f x 满足(6)()f x f x +=.当[3,3)x ∈-时,
2(2);31();13x x f x x x ⎧-+-≤<-=⎨-≤<⎩,则(4)f = ；
(1)(2)(3)(2016)(2017)f f f f f +++
++= .
13. 一个几何体的三视图如图所示，其中正视图是一个 正三角形，则这个几何体的体积是______，表面积是_______. 14.已知曲线C ：()(1)0mx y m x my --+-=，则曲线C 恒过定点 ；若,x y 满足2
2
4x y +≤，曲线C 长度的取
值范围是 .
15. 已知正实数满足21x y +=，则22x x y ++的最小值为 . 16.已知,,a b c 分别为△ABC 所对的各边，BC 边上的高为
2a ，则c
b
的最大值为 . 17.已知关于x 方程2
20(,)x bx c b c R ++=∈在[1,1]- 上有实根，且043b c ≤+≤，则b 的取值范围 .
三、解答题：本大题共5小题，共74分。
解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤 18．函数()cos sin (0)f x a x b x ωωω=+>的最小正周期为2π，当6
x π
=时，有最大值4． （1）求,,a b ω的值； （2）若34
4x π
π<<
，且4()63f x π+=，求()26
x f π
+的值.
19.如图，在三棱台ABC DEF -中，2AB BC AC ===，1AD DF FC ===，N 为DF 的中点，二面角D AC B --的大小为23
π
（1）证明: AC BN ⊥
（2）求直线AD 与平面BEFC 所成角的正弦值.
20．已知关于x 的函数3
21()3
f x x bx cx bc =-
+++在F E
B
C
N
1x =处有极值-3
4
，
（1）求b ，c 的值；
（2）设2
()2ln (0,)g x ax x x a R =->∈，若存在12,(0,3)x x ∈，使12|()()|1f x g x -<，求
实数a 的取值范围．
21. 已知12(1,0),(1,0)F F -分别为椭圆C ：22
221(0)x y a b a b
+=>>的左右焦点，P 为椭圆C 上第二
象限的一点，满足112PF F F ⊥，且12PF F ∆的内心为(,1)22
a a
G -- (1)求椭圆C 的方程；
（2）过椭圆C 的右焦点2F 做两条互相垂直的弦
AB ，CD .设AB ，CD 的中点分别为M ，N .
求证直线MN 必过定点；
22.已知数列{}n a 满足0n a >，12a =，且22*
1(1)(N )n n n n a na a n ++=+∈.
（I ）证明：1n a >
（II ）证明：22
2
32
2749
4
n a a a n ++
+<。