计算机应用基础(双语)课件PPTChapter 01

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How are computers classified?
• A personal computer is designed to meet the computing needs of an individual
• Desktop computers fit on desks and run on power from wall outlets • A Notebook computer (laptop) incorporates screen, keyboard, storage, and processing
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What is a computer?
• Computer input is whatever is typed, submitted, or transmitted to a computer system • Data refers to symbols that represent facts, objects, and ideas • Processing is manipulation of data – Most takes place in central processing unit (CPU), a computer’s “brain” – Computer programs are instructions that tell computers how to process
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How are computers classified?
• Handheld computer (PDA) features include:
– Small keyboard or touch-sensitive screen – Designed to fit in your pocket – Runs on batteries – Used while holding it
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Practical Computer Literacy, 3rd Edition
What are the components of a personal computer system?
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What’s inside the system unit?
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How are computers classified?
• A tablet computer is portable, featuring a touch-sensitive screen used for writing or drawing
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What is a computer?
• An operating system is software that helps a computer operate efficiently and keep track of data • Application software helps users “apply” computers to specific tasks • Memory is temporary storage • Storage is permanent • Computer output is results produced by computer
• • • • • • • • • • • System unit Display device Keyboard Mouse/Trackpad Storage devices Memory card slots USB ports Sound card and speakers Webcam Network circuitry Printer
Chapter 1
Computer Hardware
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What’s inside?
• In this chapter, you will: – Gain an overview of computer equipment and terminology – Learn how computers are classified – Learn how personal computers fit into the gamut of machines from PDAs to supercomputers – Review basic components of a typical personal computer system – Look inside the system unit – Explore advantages and disadvantages of several computer storage devices – Learn some basics about maintaining your computer and troubleshooting problems
Practical Computer Literacy, 3rd Edition
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What is a பைடு நூலகம்omputer?
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How are computers classified?
• Computers are divided into five categories: – Handheld computers – Personal computers – Servers – Mainframe computers – Supercomputers
• The System contains storage devices, a power supply, and main circuit board (motherboard) • “Computer chip”, “microchip”, and “chip” are technical jargon for an integrated circuit • An integrated circuit is a super-thin slice of semiconducting material packed with microscopic circuit elements • A microprocessor is an integrated circuit designed to process instructions.
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Can computers connect to each other?
Centralized computer system
Distributed computer network
Practical Computer Literacy, 3rd Edition
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What are the components of a personal computer system?
• Included in a typical personal computer system are:
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Can computers connect to each other?
• Computers can be connected using a centralized model or a distributed model • A Centralized computing system depends on a centrally-located computer for processing and storage • A distributed computer network spreads the processing and storage tasks among many computers
• A PDA can connect to desktop with a cable or wireless link • Personal computers can connect to each other or larger computers via wired or wireless computer networks • A computer network can be as few as two or as many as thousands of computers • The Internet is the world’s largest network, connecting millions of computers
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Can computers connect to each other?
• Large-scale centralized and distributed computer systems are used for many tasks: – Government applications include tax rolls, census records, and vehicle registration – Commercial applications include inventory, payroll, and point-of-sale – Hospital and healthcare organizations applications include patient records, integrated diagnostic tools, patient billing, and health insurance claims processing – In education, applications include course registration, student records, budgeting, and payroll
• A supercomputer is one of the fastest computers in the world and can tackle complex tasks
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Can computers connect to each other?
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Practical Computer Literacy, 3rd Edition
What is a computer?
• A device that: – Accepts input – Processes data – Stores data – Produces output
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A server is used to serve data to computers connected to a network
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How are computers classified?
• A mainframe computer is capable of simultaneously processing data for hundreds or thousands of users