北京四中高三英语G3YY12~6

北京四中科目：英语年级：高三期数：1205撰稿: 吴世坤编审：李俊和录入: 申容责编: 吴世坤Units 1—２复习指导【语法小结】高中英语第三册，没有出现新的语法项目，主要复习我们以前学过的语法内容，而且对扩大我们的词汇量，培养我们的阅读能力非常有好处，希望同学们用好这本书，对我们参加高考一定大有帮助。

第一单元的重点语法项目是复习与定语从句有关的内容。

定语从句是高考的语法重点，也是同学们在英语学习中常常遇到的难题。

定语从句一般由关系代词或关系副词引导。

关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as。

关系副词有when, where, why。

关系代词和关系副词必须位于主句中的先行词之后、从句之前，起着连接先行词和从句的作用。

绝大多数情况下，它又充当从句的句子成分。

第二单元复习的语法项目是doing形式在句中作主语、表语、宾语的用法。

doing 形式包括动名词和现在分词，一般式主动语态是doing，一般式被动语态是being done，完成式主动语态是having done，完成式被动语态是having been done。

doing形式一般表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作无先后关系或不强调先后关系，完成式则有先后关系或强调先后关系。

doing被动式表示的动词与其逻辑主语有被动关系。

【重点难点解析】1.devote vt. 把……献给；将……用在He devoted his fife to the cause of teaching.他把一生都献给了教育事业。

注意：由devote构成的短语：１）devote sth. to……把……献给……其中“to”为介词，后跟名词、代词－ing 形式。

注意，devote 后不跟不定式。

如：He devoted much time to music.他将很多时间用在音乐上。

He devoted all his life to searching for gold.他将一生都用在了找金子上。

２）devote oneself to致力于；献身于如：Madame Curie devoted herself to the discovery of radium.居里夫人致力于镭的发现。

2.cure与treatcure和treat都是“治疗”的意思。

Treat是一般用语，泛指治疗，而cure强调治愈。

如：Dr Wu treated him for his illness.吴大夫给他治的病。

He is very ill, and nothing can cure him now.他病得很重，现在什么也不会将他治好。

He tried every means to treat her but failed to cure him of her illness.他尝试一切办法为她诊治，但没有医好他的病。

3.raise与rise１）两者的过去式及过去分词raise——raised——raisedrise——rose——risen２）两者的区别raise意为“举起；使升高”，是及物动词；rise意为“升起”，是不及物动词。

如：He raised his hat to me.他向我举帽致意。

The sun rises in the east and set in the west.太阳东升西落。

He rose from his seat and said hello to me.他从位子上起来，向我打招呼。

He raised his voice in order to make himself heard clearly.他提高了嗓门，以便让别人听得清楚。

4.defend vt.保卫；防御；保护１）defend常指防御存在的危险，或击退敌人的进攻等。

如：The PLA men are defending our socialist motherland day and night.人民解放军正日正夜保卫着我们的的社会主义祖国。

２）短语：defend……from……保护……免受其害；defend……against……保护……抵御……如：The ozonosphere defends us from the harm of ultraviolet rays.臭氧层保护我们不受紫外线的侵害。

We are always ready to defend our country against aggression.我们始终准备着保卫我们的国家、抵御外来侵略。

5.seize vt.抓住，常指突然猛力地抓，夺取或占领。

如：Hearing that, he seized a stick and struck at me.听了那话，他抓起一根棍子向我打了过来。

The thief has been seized by the police.小偷已被警察抓获。

The city was seized by our troops.那座城市已被我们的军队占领了。

注意：seize, catch, hold,及catch(get, take) hold of 的异同。

这些词或词组都有“抓住、抓取”的意思，但其含义又有所不同。

如：１）catch是一般用语，指抓住或捉住。

如：The enemy officer was caught alive.敌军军官被活捉。

He caught a lot of fish in the river.他在河中抓了好多鱼。

２）seize指突然用力抓，强调动作快而猛。

如：The pickpocket was seized by the hand.那扒手的手被抓住了。

He seized the ball that I threw to him.他接住了我抛给他的球。

３）hold 常指抓住不放，与catch(get, take) hold of 相同。

如：He held my hands, unable to say anything.他抓住我的手，什么话也说不出来。

The blind man caught hold of the elephant's tail and thought it was a rope.那盲人抓着大象的尾巴，认为是根绳子。

6.astouish vt. 使惊讶。

astonishment n. astonishing adj. (astonishing hews. 令人惊讶的消息)短语：astonish可构成以下短语：１）be astonished at 对……感到惊讶如：They were astonished at the sight.看到那一情景，他们都惊呆了。

２）be astonished that (从句)感到吃惊的是如：They were astonished that so few people came to visit the exhibition.他们大为吃惊的是，这么少的人来参观展览。

３）be astonished to do sth对做某事感到惊讶如：We were astonished to hear that he died in the accident.听到他死于事故，我们深感吃惊。

４）to one's astonishment 使……感到惊讶的是如：To our astonishment, he would have none of our words.使我们感到惊讶的是，他竟对我们的话置之不理。

注意：astonish与surprise的区别。

１）surprise是一般用语，表示用于意想不到的事而感到惊奇，语气较弱。

如：What he said surprised everyone.他所说的话使大家很吃惊。

２）astonish指由于不合常理或不可理解的事而产生的较强烈的惊异感觉，比surprise所表示的情感强，等于surprise greatly.如：That he died so young astonished all his friends.他这么年轻就去世了使他的朋友们深感惊讶。

7. nowhere 无处１）作副词，在句中作状语，相当于not……anywhere如：I cost my pen yesterday and I can find it nowhere.昨天我把钢笔丢了，哪里也找不到它。

２）作名词，相当于no place如：We found we could find nowhere to park our car.我们发现找不到放车的地方。

注意：nowhere 本身是否定意义，表示“无处干某事”时，要用肯定句。

如：正：With the trees cut down, the birds can find nowhere to live in.误：With the trees cut down, the birds can't find nowhere to live in.正：I can find him nowhere.误：I can't find him nowhere.8.sink vi. 下沉；沉没注意：不要将sink与down连用，sink等于go down,如果再加down, 意义重复。

相同的词还有set,意为“落下”，不能与down连用；rise意为“升起”，等于go up, 不能与up连用。

如：正：Large and splendid as the Titanic was, it sank in the Atlantic Ocean.尽管“泰坦尼克”号客轮宏大华丽，还是在大西洋沉没了。

误：Large and splendid as the Titanic was, it sank down in the Atlantic Ocean.正：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。

误：The sun rises up in the east and sets in the west.9.suffer v.遭受１）及物动词，后跟宾语。

如：He has suffered a lot of pain.他痛得厉害。

During the expedition they suffered cold and hunger.在探险中，他们忍受着寒冷和饥饿。

They suffered great loss in the floods.在洪灾中，他们遭受了巨大损失。

２）不及物动词，与from连用，意为“遭受；患……病”。

如：We all have to suffer at some time in our lives.在人生的旅途上有时我们都要受点苦的。