您的位置：360文档中心› 专八note-taking练习-答案 (10)

专八note-taking练习-答案 (10)

合集下载

2010年专八真题及参考答案

2010年专八真题及参考答案

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE EIGHT-PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.First category: vocal paralinguistic features(1)__________: to express attitude or intention (1)__________ Examples1. whispering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2)_________: unimportance (2)__________4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacySecond category: physical paralinguistic featuresfacial expressions(3)_______ (3)__________----- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcomeless common expressions----- eye brow raising: surprise or interest----- lip biting: (4)________ (4)_________ gesturegestures are related to culture.British culture----- shrugging shoulders: (5) ________ (5)__________----- scratching head: puzzlementother cultures----- placing hand upon heart:(6)_______ (6)__________----- pointing at nose: secretproximity, posture and echoingproximity: physical distance between speakers----- closeness: intimacy or threat----- (7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_________ Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)________ -specific. (8)_________ posture----- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate(9)_____ (9)________----- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitudeechoing----- definition: imitation of similar posture----- (10)______: aid in communication (10)___________----- conscious imitation: mockerySECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. According to Dr Johnson, diversity meansA. merging of different cultural identities.B. more emphasis on homogeneity.C. embracing of more ethnic differences.D. acceptance of more branches of Christianity.2. According to the interview, which of the following statements in CORRECT?A. Some places are more diverse than others.B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.D. American is a truly diverse country.3. According to Dr Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025?A. MaineB. SelinsgroveC. PhiladelphiaD. California4. During the interview Dr Johnson indicates thatA. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations.B. both older and younger populations are racially diverse.C. age diversity could lead to pension problems.D. older populations are more racially diverse.5. According to the interview, religious diversityA. was most evident between 1990 and 2000.B. exists among Muslim immigrants.C. is restricted to certain places in the US.D. is spreading to more parts of the country.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Question 7 and 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government’s measure to control inflation?A. Foreign investment.B. Donor support.C. Price control.D. Bank prediction.8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?A. 20 million percent.B. 2.2 million percent.C. 11.2 million percent.D. Over 11.2 million percent.Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.9. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D. A big fire took place on two floors.10. The likely cause of the big fire isA. electrical short-cut.B. lack of fire-satefy measures.C. terrorism.D. not known.PART IIREADING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AStill, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see ―one man sweating and straining to pull another man.‖ But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaw s on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image. ―Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,‖ the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006. ―Our city stands for prosperity and development.‖ The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.) It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of livechickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer. From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up. Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata ―if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.‖ During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’ waists. When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, ―When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.‖While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. ―I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,‖ he said, ―but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.‖ Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the cityof rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, ―If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.‖ Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. ―The government was the government of the poor people,‖ one sardar told me. ―Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.‖But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, ―has difficulty letting go.‖ One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.―Which option has been chosen?‖ I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.―That hasn’t been decided,‖ he said.―When will it be decided?‖―That hasn’t been decided,‖ he said.11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPTA. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchasesD. carrying people over short distances.12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13. That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar” (4 paragraph) means that even so,A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware peopleA. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15. Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor?A. ―…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.‖ (2 paragraph)B. ―…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.‖ (4 paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, ― has difficulty letting go.‖ (7 paragraph).D.―…or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.‖(6 paragraph)16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggestA. the uncertainty of the court’s decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags NewEngland, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--"we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else." Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores. Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents. But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily. For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too pooror proper to pay a placeholder --what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."17. What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suck ers…Poor suckers, mostly.” (2 paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen)A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20. What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the caféof his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress( five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upperstoreys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there. It seemed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: ― For one, sir? This way, please,‖ Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21. That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests thatA. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPTA. ―…turned Babylonian‖.B. ―perhaps a new barbarism’.C. ―acres of white napery‖.D. ―balanced to the last halfpenny‖.23. In its context the statement that “ the place was built for him” means that the café was intended toA. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT thatA. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26. The author’s attitude to the c afé isA. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DI Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness. But the environmental a wareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about. But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the ―Mona Lisa.‖When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s r ichest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980sto protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a l ast chance. ―Smelter or death.‖The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.―We have to live,‖ Halldór Ásgrímsson s aid in his sad, sonorous voice. Halldór, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. ―We have a right to live.‖27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something ofA. environmental value.B. commercial value.C. potential value for tourism.D. great value for livelihood.28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’ feeling towards the Alcoa project?A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B. The project would lower life expectancy.C. The project would cause environmental problems.D. The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPTA. fewer fishing companies.B. fewer jobs available.C. migration of young people.D. impostion of fishing quotas.30. The 4 paragraph in the passageA. sums up the main points of the passage.B. starts to discuss an entirely new point.C. elaborates on the last part of the 3 paragraph.D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.。

2019年英语专业八级真题 专八 专8 8级 八级

2019年英语专业八级真题 专八 专8 8级 八级

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2019)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN]SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now, listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work. SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the first interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the first interview.1. A. Environmental issues.B. Endangered species.C. Global warming.D. Conservation.2. A. It is thoroughly proved.B. ft is definitely very serious.C. It is just a temporary variation.D. It is changing our ways of living.3. A. Protection of endangered animals* habitats.B. Negative human impact on the environment.C. Frequent abnormal phenomena on the earth.D. The woman’s indifferent attitude to the earth.4. A. Nature should take its course.B. People take things for granted.C. Humans are damaging the earth.D. Animals should stay away from zoos.5. A. Objective.B. Pessimistic.C. Skeptical.D. Subjective.Now, listen to the second interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the second interview.6. A. Teachers’ resistance to change.B. Students’ inadequate ability to read.C. Teachers’ misunderstanding of such literacy.D. Students ’ indifference to the new method.7. A. Abilities to complete challenging tasks.B. Abilities to learn subject matter knowledge.C. Abilities to perform better in schoolwork.D.Abilities to perform disciplinary work.8. A. Recalling specific information.B. Understanding particular details.C. Examining sources of information.D.Retelling a historical event.9. A. Engaging literacy and disciplinary experts in the program.B. Helping teachers understand what disciplinary literacy is.C. Teaching disciplinary discourse practices by literacy teachers.D. Designing learning strategies with experts from both sides.10. A. To argue for a case.B. To discuss a dispute.C. To explain a problem.D. To present details.PART II READING COMPREHENSION [45 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1) When it came to concealing his troubles, Tommy Wilhelm was not less capable than die next fellow. So at least he thought, and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up. He had once been an actor^ no, not quite, an extra — and he knew what acting should be. Also, he was smoking a cigar, and when a man is smoking a cigar, wearing a hat, he has an advantage; it is harder to find out how he feels. He came from the twenty-third floor down to the lobby on the mezzanine to collect his mail before breakfast, and he believed^ he hoped — that he looked passably well: doing all right. It was a matter of sheer hope, because there was not much that he could add to his present effort. On the fourteenth floor he looked for his father to enter the elevator; they often met at this hour, on the way to breakfast. If he worried about his appearanc e it was mainly for his old father’s sake. But there was no stop on the fourteenth, and the elevator sank and sank. Then the smooth door opened and the great dark-red uneven carpet that covered the lobby billowed toward Wilhelm’s feet. In the foreground th e lobby was dark, sleepy. French drapes like sails kept out the sun, but three high, narrow windows were open, and in the blue air Wilhelm saw a pigeon about to light on the great chain that supported the marquee of the movie house directly underneath the lobby. For one moment he heard the wings beating strongly.(2) Most of the guests at the Hotel Gloriana were past the age of retirement. Along Broadway in the Seventies, Eighties, and Nineties, a great part of New York’s vast population of old men and women lives. Unless the weather is too cold or wet they fill the benches about the tiny railed parks and along the subway gratings from Verdi Square to Columbia University, they crowd the shops and cafeterias, the dime stores, the tearooms, the bakeries, the beauty parlors, the reading rooms and club rooms. Among these old people at the Gloriana, Wilhelm felt out ofplace. He was comparatively young, in his middle forties, large and blond, with big shoulders; his back was heavy and strong, if already a little stooped or thickened. After breakfast the old guests sat down on the green leather armchairs and sofas in the lobby and began to gossip and look into the.papers; they had nothing to do but wait out the day. But Wilhelm was used to an active life and liked to go out energetically in the morning. And for several months, because he had no position, he had kept up his morale by rising early; he was shaved and in the lobby by eight o'clock. He bought the paper and some cigars and drank a Coca-Cola or two before he went in to breakfast with his father. After breakfast 一 out, out, out to attend to business. The getting out had in itself become the chief business. But he had realized that he could not keep this up much longer, and today he was afraid. He was aware that his routine was about to break up and he sensed that a huge trouble long presaged (预感)but till now formless was due. Before evening, he'd know.(3) Nevertheless he followed his daily course and crossed the lobby.(4) Rubin, the man at the newsstand, had poor eyes. They may not have been actually weak but they were poor in expression, with lacy lids that furled down at the comers. He dressed well. It didn't seem necessary 一 he was behind the counter most of the time — but he dressed very well. He had on a rich brown suit; the cuffs embarrassed the hairs on his small hands. He wore a Countess Mara painted necktie. As Wilhelm approached, Rubin did not see him; he was looking out dreamily at the Hotel Ansonia, which was visible from his comer, several blocks away. The Ansonia, the neighborhood^ great landmark, was built by Stanford White. It looks like a baroque palace from Prague or Munich enlarged a hundred times, with towers, domes, huge swells and bubbles of metal gone green from exposure, iron fretwork and festoons. Black television antennae are densely planted on its round summits. Under the changes of weather it may look like marble or like sea water, black as slate in the fog, white as tufa in sunlight. This morning it looked like the image of itself reflected in deep water, white and cumulous above, with cavernous distortions underneath. Together, the two men gazed at it.(5) Then Rubin .said，“Your dad is in to breakfast already, the old gentleman.”“Oh，yes? Ahead of me today?”‘nat’s a real knocked-out shirt you got on，’’ said Rubin. “Where’s it from，Saks?”“No, it’s a Jack Fagman —Chicago.”(6) Even when his spirits were low, Wilhelm could still wrinkle his forehead in a pleasing way. Some of the slow，silent movements of his face were very attractive. He went back a step, as if to stand away from himself and get a better look at his shirt. His glance was comic, a comment upon his untidiness. He liked to wear good clothes, but once he had put it on each article appeared to go its own way. Wilhelm, laughing，panted a little; his teeth were small; his cheeks when he laughed and puffed grew round, and he looked much younger than his years. In the old days when he was a college freshman and wore a beanie (无檐小帽）on his large blonde head his father used to say that，big as he was，he could charm a bird out of a tree. Wilhelm had great charm still.(7) “I like this dove-gray color,” he said in his sociable，good-natured way. “It isn’t washable. You have to send it to the cleaner. It never smells as good as washed. But it，s a nice shirt. It cost sixteen, eighteen bucks.*'11. Wilhelm hoped he looked all right on his way to the lobby because he wanted to _ ____ .A. leave a good impressionB. give his father a surpriseC. show his acting potentialD. disguise his low spirit12. Wilhelm had something in common with the old guests in that they all ________ .A. lived a luxurious lifeB. liked to swap gossipsC. idled their time awayD. liked to get up early13. How did Wilhelm feel when he was crossing the lobby (Para. 2)?A. He felt something ominous was coming.B. He was worried that his father was late.C. He was feeling at ease among the old.D. He was excited about a possible job offer.14. Which part of Rubin’s clothes made him look particularly awkward (Para. 4)?A. The necktie.B. The cuffs.C. The suit.D. The shirt.15. What can we learn from the author’s description of Wilhelm’s clothes?A. His shirt made him look better.B. He cared much about his clothes.C. He looked like a comedian in his shirt.D. The clothes he wore never quite matched.PASSAGE TWO(1) By the 1840s New York was the leading commercial city of the United States. It had long since outpaced Philadelphia as the largest city in the country, and even though Boston continued to be venerated as the cultural capital of the nation, its image had become somewhat languid; it had not kept up with the implications of the newly industrialized economy, of a diversified ethnic population, or of the rapidly rising middle class. New York was the place where the “new” America was coming into being, so it is hardly surprising that the modem newspaper had its birth there.(2) The penny paper had found its first success in New York. By the mid-1830s Ben Day s Sunwas drawing readers from all walks of life. On the other hand, the Sun was a scanty sheet providing little more than minor diversions; few today would call it a newspaper at all. Day himself was an editor of limited vision, and he did not possess the ability or the imagination to climb the slopes to loftier heights. If real newspapers were to emerge from the public's demand for more and better coverage, it would have to come from a youthful generation of editors for whom journalism was a totally absorbing profession, an exacting vocational ideal rather than a mere offshoot of job printing.(3) By the 1840s two giants burst into the field, editors who would revolutionize journalism, would bring the newspaper into the modem age, and show how it could be influential in the national life. These two giants, neither of whom has been treated kindly by history, were James Gordon Bennett and Horace Greeley. Bennett founded his New York Herald in 1835, less than two years after the appearance of the Sun. Horace Greeley founded his Tribune in 1841. Bennett and Greeley were the most innovative editors in New York until after the Civil War. Their newspapers were the leading American papers of the day, although for completely different reasons. The two men despised each other, although not in the ways that newspaper editors had despised one another a few years before. Neither was a political hack bonded to a political party. Greeley fancied himself a public intellectual. He had strong political views, and he wanted to run for office himself, but party factotum he could never be; he bristled with ideals and causes of his own devising. Officially he was a Whig (and later a Republican), but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party. Bennett, on the other hand, had long since cut his political ties, and although his paper covered local and national politics fully and he went after politicians with hammer and tongs, Bennett was a cynic, a distruster of all settled values. He did not regard himself as an intellectual, although in fact he was better educated than Greeley. He thought himself only a hard-boiled newspaperman. Greeley was interested in ideas and in what was happening to the country. Bennett was only interested in his newspaper. He wanted to find out what the news was, what people wanted to read. And when he found out he gave it to them.(4) As different as Bennett and Greeley were from each other they were also curiously alike. Both stood outside the circle of polite society, even when they became prosperous, and in Bennett’s case, wealthy. Both were incurable eccentrics. Neither was a gentleman. Neither conjured up the picture of a successful editor. Greeley was unkempt, always looking like an unmade bed. Even when he was nationally famous in the 1850s he resembled a clerk in a third-rate brokerage house, with slips of paper —marked-up proofs perhaps — hanging out of his pockets or stuck in his hat. He became fat, was always nearsighted, always peering over spectacles. He spoke in a high-pitched whine Not a few people suggested that he lookedexactly like the illustrations of Charles Dickens’s Mr. Pickwick. G reeley provided a humorous description of himself, written under the pretense that it had been the work of his long-time adversary James Fenimore Cooper. The editor was, according to the description, a half-bald, long-legged, slouching individual “so rocki ng in gait that he walks down both sides ofthe street at once.”(5) The appearance of Bennett was somewhat different but hardly more reassuring. A shrewd, wiry Scotsman, who seemed to repel intimacy, Bennett looked around atthe world with a squinty glare of suspicion. His eyes did not focus right. They seemed to fix themselves on nothing and everything at the same time. He was as solitary as an oyster, the classic loner. He seldom made close friendships and few people trusted him, although nobody who had dealings with him, however brief, doubted his abilities. He, too, could have come out of a book of Dickensian eccentrics, although perhaps Ebenezer Scrooge or Thomas Gradgrind comes to mind rather than the kindly old Mr. Pickwick. Greeley was laughed at but admired; Bennett was seldom laughed at but never admired; on the other hand, he had a hard professional competence and an encyclopedic knowledge of his adopted country, an in-depth learning uncorrupted by vague idealisms. All of this perfectly suited him for the journalism of this confusing age.(6) Both Greeley and Bennett had served long, humiliating and disappointing apprenticeships in the newspaper business. They took a long time getting to the top, the only reward for the long years of waiting being that when they had their own newspapers, both knew what they wanted and firmly set about getting it. When Greeley founded the Tribune in 1841 he had the strong support of the Whig party and had already had a short period of modest success as an editor. Bennett, older by sixteen years, found solid commercial success first, but he had no one behind him except himself when he started up the Herald in 1835 in a dingy cellar room at 20 Wall Street. Fortunately this turned out to be quite enough.16. Which of the following is NOT the author’s opinion on Ben Day and his Sun (Para. 2)7A. Sun had once been a popular newspaper.B. Sun failed to be a high-quality newspaper.C. Ben Day lacked innovation and imagination.D. Ben Day had striven for better coverage.17. Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Greeley’s or Bennett’s politicalstance (Para. 3)7A. Greeley and Bennett were both strong supporters of their party.B. Greeley, as a Whig member, believed in his party’s ideals.C. Bennett, as an independent, loathed established values.D. Greeley and Bennett possessed different political values.18. Which of the following figures of speech was used to describe Greeley’s manner of walking (Para. 4)?A. Exaggeration.B. Paradox.C. Analogy.D. Personification.19. In Para. 5 Bennett was depicted as a man who _____________A. had stronger capabilities than GreeleyB. possessed a great aptitude for journalismC. was in pursuit of idealism in journalismD. was knowledgeable about his home country20. How was Greeley different from Bennett according to Para. 6?A. He had achieved business success first.B. He started his career earlier than Bennett.C. He got initial support from a political party.D. He had a more humiliating apprenticeship.PASSAGE THREE(1) Why make a film about Ned Kelly? More ingenious crimes than those committed by the reckless Australian bandit are reported every day. What is there in Ned Kelly to justify dragging the mesmeric Mick Jagger so far into the Australian bush and away from his natural haunts? The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata.(2) A bandit inhabits a special realm of legend where his deeds are embroidered by others; where his death rather than his life is considered beyond belief; where the men who bring him to “justice” are afflicted with doubts about their role.(3) The bandits had a role to play as definite as that of the authorities who condemned them. Thesewere men in conflict with authority, and, in the absence of strong law or the idea of loyal opposition, they took to the hills. Even there, however, many of them obeyed certain unwritten rules.(4)These robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly, a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from. They didn't steal the peasant’s harvest; they did steal the lord’s.(5) And certain characteristics seem to apply to “social bandits’’ whether they were in Sicily or Peru. They were generally young men under the age of marriage, predictably the best age for dissidence. Some were simply the surplus male population who had to look for another source of income; others were runaway serfs or ex-soldiers; a minority, though the most interesting, were outstanding men who were unwilling to accept the meek and passive role of peasant.(6) They usually operated in bands between ten and twenty strong and relied for survival on difficult terrain and bad transport. And bandits prospered best where authority was merely local — over the next hill and they were free. Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a taste for flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants’ religious beliefs and superstitions.(7) The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry as a victim o f injustice; and when he then set out to “right wrongs”, first his own and then other people’s. The classic bandit then “takes from the rich and gives to the poor” in conformity with his own sense of social injustice; he never kills except in self-defense or justifiable revenge; he stays within his community and even returns to it if he can to take up an honorable place; his people admire and help to protect him; he dies through the treason of one of them; he behaves as if invisible and invulnerable; he is a “loyalist”, never the enemy of the king but only of the local oppressors.(8) None of die bandits lived up fully to this image of the “noble robber” and for many the claim of larger motives was often a delusion.(9) Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance with this idealist pattern. Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized. Many of their charitable acts later became legends.(10) Far from being defeated i n death, bandits’ reputation for invincibility was often strengthened by the manner of their dying. The “dirty little coward” who shot Jesse James in the back is in every ballad about him, and the implication is that nothing else could have brought Jesse down. Even when the police claimed the credit, as they tried to do at first with Giuliano’s death, the local people refused to believe it. And not just the bandit’s vitality prompts the people to refuse to believe that their hero has died; his death would b e in some way the death of hope.(11) For the traditional ‘‘noble robber” represents an extremely primitive form of social protest, perhaps the most primitive there is. He is an Individual who refuses to bend his back, that is all. Most protesters will eventually be bought over and persuaded to come to terms with the official power. That is why the few who do not, or who are believed to have remained uncontaminated, have so great and passionate a burden of admiration and longing laid upon them. They cannot abolish oppression. But they do prove that justice is possible, that poor men need not be humble, helpless and meek.(12) The bandit in the real world is rooted in peasant society and when its simple agricultural system is left behind so is he. But the tales and legends, the books and films continue to appear for an audience that is neither peasant nor bandit. In some ways the characters and deeds of the great bandits could so readily be the stuff of grand opera - Don Jose in “Carmen” is based on the Andalusian bandit El Empranillo. But they are perhaps more at home in folk songs, in popular tales and the ritual dramas of films. When we sit in the darkness of the cinema to watch the bold deeds of Ned Kelly we are caught up in admiration for their strong individuality, their simple gesture of protest, their passion for justice and their confidence that they cannot be beaten. This sustains us nearly as much as it did the almost hopeless people from whom they sprang.21. Which of the following words is NOT intended to suggest approval of bandits?A. Bold (Para. 1).B. Claimed (Para. 4).C. Legend (Para. 2).D. Loyalty (Para. 4).22. Of the following reasons which is the LEAST likely one for becoming bandits?A. They liked theatrical clothes and behavior.B. They wanted to help the poor country folk.C. They were unwilling to accept injustice.D. They had very few careers open to them.23. ... began their careers harshly victimized” (Para. 9) means that they_____________ .A.had received excessive ill-treatmentB. were severely punished for their crimesC. took to violence through a sense of injusticeD. were misunderstood by their parents and friends24. What has made bandits suitable as film heroes is that they ___________ .A. are sure they are invincibleB. possess a theatrical qualityC. retain the virtues of a peasant societyD. protest against injustice and inequalitySECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE25. In and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up (Para. 1)”, what does “evidence” refer to?26. What is Wilhelm’s characteristic that has never changed all those years according to Para. 6? PASSAGE TWO27. Summarize in your own words the meaning of the italicized part in the last sentence of Para. 2.28. What does but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party” mean according to the context (Para. 3)?29. What is the similarity between Bennett and Greeley according to Paras. 4 and 5?11PASSAGE THREE30. Write down TWO features of the idealist petten* (ptr* 9)31. Whet does “hope” mean according to the context (Part.*0- * hi* back mean (Para. 11)7 32. What does “He is an individual who refuse* to12FAfn MIIB sms? Thf pmm#rumMfhTUNrmrrt Bath indkmfi a mmmmm oss jr … j. path taw, mty ONE word in involved You should proofread dm p o t t a g e a n d ::nw- a m da fotUtwing wayf'tir i wtwig word, undertint the wrong word md wide dre correct me ■ At faintprovided K the end of the Hoe.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a ~A m a g p and write Ae word you believeto be massing in the blank provided at Ac tad of die line, For an imneoesfiarv word, cross die unnecessary word with a slash and put the wont in Ae blank providedat Ae end of die line.Exampletj _____ ML_ (2) never (3) exhibit When A art museum wants a new exhibit, it never buysthings in finished form and hangs them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, itmust often build it. Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET THREE as instructed.13PART IV TRANSLATION t [20 MIN]Translate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.白洋淀曾有"北国扛南"的说法，但村舍的形制自具特色，与江南截然不同。

英语专八参考答案

英语专八参考答案

英语专八参考答案英语专业八级考试（TEM-8）是中国英语专业学生的一项重要考试，它涵盖了听力、阅读、写作、翻译和人文知识等多个方面。

以下是一份模拟的参考答案，供参考：一、听力理解1. 短对话理解：这部分测试学生对日常英语对话的理解能力。

考生需仔细聆听对话内容，并从四个选项中选择最合适的答案。

2. 长对话理解：长对话通常涉及更复杂的情境和更多的信息点。

考生需要集中注意力，理解对话的主旨和细节。

3. 新闻听力：这部分要求考生能够理解英语新闻报道，把握新闻的主要内容和关键信息。

4. 讲座听力：考生需聆听一段英语讲座，并回答相关问题，测试学生对讲座内容的理解和分析能力。

二、阅读理解1. 快速阅读：考生需要在限定时间内快速浏览文章，抓住文章的主旨大意。

2. 深度阅读：这部分要求考生仔细阅读文章，理解文章的细节信息，并能对文章进行推理和判断。

3. 词汇理解：考生需要根据上下文推断生词或短语的含义。

三、写作1. 图表作文：考生需根据所给图表信息，撰写一篇描述性或论证性的文章。

2. 议论文写作：考生需就某一话题表达自己的观点，并提供支持性的论据。

四、翻译1. 英译汉：考生需将英语文本翻译成中文，注意语言的准确性和流畅性。

2. 汉译英：考生需将中文文本翻译成英文，同样要注意语言的准确性和地道性。

五、人文知识1. 英美文学：考生需对英美文学的重要作品和作者有所了解。

2. 英美文化：这部分测试考生对英美文化常识的掌握。

3. 语言学基础：考生需要了解基本的语言学概念和理论。

六、完形填空考生需在理解文章大意的基础上，根据上下文逻辑和语境，选择最合适的选项填空。

七、改错考生需识别并纠正文章中的语法、用词等错误。

八、词汇和语法这部分测试考生对英语词汇和语法知识的掌握程度。

九、总结考生需根据所给材料，撰写一篇总结性的文章，概括材料的主要内容。

请注意，以上内容仅为模拟参考答案的示例，实际的TEM-8考试内容和形式可能会有所不同。

英语专八真题与答案

英语专八真题与答案

英语专⼋真题与答案QUESTION BOOKLETTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2017) -GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION[25 MIN]SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the first interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the first interview.1. A. Comprehensive. B. Disheartening. C. Encouraging.D. Optimistic.2. A. 200. B. 70. C. 10.D. 500. 试卷⽤后随即销毁。

Note-taking TEM8

Note-taking TEM8

* Note-taking skills (from A Listening /Speaking Skill Book ②)ing key words, abbreviations and symbols and indentations)●key words: When you take notes, do not write every word. Taking notes is not likewriting a dictation. Write only the most important ,or key ,words. Most often key words are nouns, verbs and adjectives.●Abbreviations and symbols: Shorten (abbreviate) word and use symbols as much aspossible. For example, write ↑instead of “increase” or “go up”. Look at the list of common symbols and abbreviations in the Appendix on Page 200. create your own abbreviations and symbols as you take notes.●Indentation: Indent to show the relationship between main ideas and specific details.Write main headings or topics next to the left margin. Indent (begin writing a few spaces to the right) as information becomes more specific. Most of the time your notes will have three or four “levels” of indentation.2.OutliningThe indentation can show the relationship between main ideas and specific details. We can also show this relationships by using an outline. An outline looks like this:I. Major topicA.Division of major topic1.detail concerning division A2.second detailB.Second detailII. Second major topicEtc.We can see that outlines use indentation together with letters and numbers to organize information. Outlining is a very common way of taking notes in English.3.Understanding causes and effectsTo understand the main points in this lecture, you need to recognize the relationship between causes and effects in the changing job market. Study the sentences below.Identify the cause and the effect in each sentence. Notice that a sentence may begin with the causes or with effect. In which sentences can you reverse the order of the cause and the effect?●Smoking causes cancer.●Smoking creates many health problems.●Smoking can result in cancer.●Because of her smoking, she got lung cancer.●Due to her smoking, she got lung cancer.●She got lung cancer because she smoked.●She got lung cancer as a result of her smoking.●Lung cancer can be the result of smoking.4.Introducing examplesEnglish has many ways of introducing examples. Here are a few expressions that appearin this lecture.For example, such as, for instance, o ne example is that…, as an example,Let’s say…It is usually not necessary to take notes on all the examples you hear. One or two may be enough. The abbreviation e.g. (form Latin exempli gratia, “for example”) is often uses to indicate an example in your notes.5.Taking notes on similarities and differencesThe following expressions are used in the lecture to talk about similarities and differences.DifferencesHowever but still while although in contrast on the other handSimilarities(be) similar to also likeNote how these expressions are used in the following sentences. Notice the differences in syntax and punctuation.Differences1)Americans prefer to eat potatoes. However, J apanese like rice.2)Americans prefer to eat potatoes, but Japanese like rice.3)Many Americans like rice; still, most of them prefer potatoes.4)While Americans prefer to eat potatoes, Japanese like rice.5)Although Americans prefer to eat potatoes, Japanese like rice.6)Americans prefer to eat potatoes. In contrast, Japanese like rice.7)Americans prefer to eat potatoes. On the other hand, Japanese like rice.Similarities8)U.S. and Canadian eating customs are similar.9)People in the United States like hamburgers, and Canadians do also.10)Like people in the United States, Canadians like hamburgers.6.ClassifyingLecture topics are often dividing (classified) into several smaller topics, or subtopics.These subtopics are often announced in the introduction. If you note these topics from the beginning , you will have a better ideas of how to organize your notes.7.Recognizing paraphrasesThere are several differences between written and spoken English. One important difference is that the spoken language contains a great deal of paraphrase. This means that speakers often say the same thing twice, but they use different words. When you are taking notes, you need to be able to recognize paraphrases so that you don’t write the same thing twice in your notes.Words that introduce paraphrasesSpeakers often use special words and phrases to signal that they are paraphrasing . these phrases include:In other words… that is …. I mean…. Namely…that is to say…8.Identifying general statements and supporting evidenceIn formal situations, writers and speakers of English normally organize information from general to specific. A speaker may make a general statement that he or she believes to be true and then support it with quotations from famous people, data from scientific studies, or references to other published works. Read the following example:Americans watch too much television, and they watch too many violent programs.According to the Los Angeles Times of November 5, 1991, Americans spend an average of 2300 hours per year watching TV. Thomas Lear, a psychiatrist at the University of Illinois, states in his book Watching the Tube that between 90 and 95 percent of all adult programs contain violence, “bad” language, or hostile sexual relations. Lear explains that when people see these behaviors repeated thousands of times, they start to think that such behaviors are normal and acceptable.A listener’s notes on this passage might be organized like this:(General statement) Americans watch too much TV and violent programs(Supporting evidence) 1) 2300 hrs/yr (LAT)2) 90-95% of progs, have violence, bad lg, hostile sex, (T, Lear,Watching the Tube)notice that the supporting details are indented and numbered, and each piece of evidence is written on a separate line.Speakers and writers use special verbs and phrases to introduce supporting evidence. Some of these are the following:According to X…,As X shows…ShowsPoints outX Reports that …..StateExplains9.Going off( digressing) and returning to the topic:Lecturers often include personal stories, jokes, or other information that are not directlyrelated to the main topic. When speakers “go off the subject” (digress) like this, you do not need to take notes. However, you need to start taking notes again when the speaker signals a return to the main subject. Study the expressions below.Going off the topicBy the way that reminds me … before I forget…Returning to the topicAs I was saying … anyway… back to our topic…Where was I?…10.Listing advantages and disadvantagesLecturers often present the advantages and disadvantages of various topics or issues.The following are some phrases from the lecture. They will help you recognize when the lecturer is about to introduce advantages and disadvantages.Introducing advantagesThere are several advantages of …The advantage(s) of …is (are)…These are the advantages of …Introducing disadvantagesHowever, there are some disadvantages.On the other hand, the disadvantage(s) of … is (are)…The disadvantage(s) is (are)…* Sample Abbreviations and Symbols to Use in Taking NotesMathematical symbols to use in expressing relationships among ideas:= is like, equals, means (in defining a term)≠is unlike, not the same as# number< is smaller than> is larger than+ plus, in addition, andOther useful symbols:& and% percent$ dollars@ each? question, something unclear~ approximately↑increase, go up↓decrease, go down→causes (as in A →B)♂male♀female〃same as above (repeated or used again)∴therefore, as a resultSome common abbreviations:a.m. morning w/o withoutp.m. afternoon or evening yr. yeare.g. for example mo. monthi.e. that is, in other words wk. weekre: concerning or regarding no. number etc. and so on pd. paidvs. versus ft. footch. chapter lb. poundp.,pp page, pages cm. centimeter w/ with km. kilometer* Structure / Organization of a LectureI’d like to talk today about….I’m going to present the recent…I’m going to explain our position on …I’m going to describe…The topic of my talk / speech/ lecture/ presentatio…We are here today to decide…The purpose of this talk to give you the background to…I’ve divided my talk into four parts / sections…. They are…We can break this area down into the following fields: First / first of allSecondly / then/ nextThirdly / and then we come to…Finally / lastly / last of allIf you have any questions, please…Let’s start with… So that covers…That brings me to…Let’s leave that there.…and turn to…Firstly…secondly…thirdly…Then… next…. Finally / lastly…Let’s start with…Let’s move on to…Now we come to…That brings us to…Let’s leave that….Let’s go back to…To sum up…In briefIn shortAll in allIn a wordI’ll briefly summarize the main pointsIn conclusion…To conclude…* Note-taking skills (from A Listening /Speaking Skill Book ②)ing key words, abbreviations and symbols and indentations)●key words: When you take notes, do not write every word. Taking notes is not likewriting a dictation. Write only the most important ,or key ,words. Most often key words are nouns, verbs and adjectives.●Abbreviations and symbols: Shorten (abbreviate) word and use symbols as much aspossible. For example, write ↑instead of “increase” or “go up”. Look at the list of common symbols and abbreviations in the Appendix on Page 200. create your own abbreviations and symbols as you take notes.●Indentation: Indent to show the relationship between main ideas and specific details.Write main headings or topics next to the left margin. Indent (begin writing a few spaces to the right) as information becomes more specific. Most of the time your notes will have three or four “levels” of indentation.12.OutliningThe indentation can show the relationship between main ideas and specific details. We can also show this relationships by using an outline. An outline looks like this:I. Major topicC.Division of major topic1.detail concerning division A2.second detailD.Second detailII. Second major topicEtc.We can see that outlines use indentation together with letters and numbers to organize information. Outlining is a very common way of taking notes in English.13.Understanding causes and effectsTo understand the main points in this lecture, you need to recognize the relationship between causes and effects in the changing job market. Study the sentences below.Identify the cause and the effect in each sentence. Notice that a sentence may begin with the causes or with effect. In which sentences can you reverse the order of the cause and the effect?●Smoking causes cancer.●Smoking creates many health problems.●Smoking can result in cancer.●Because of her smoking, she got lung cancer.●Due to her smoking, she got lung cancer.●She got lung cancer because she smoked.●She got lung cancer as a result of her smoking.●Lung cancer can be the result of smoking.14.Introducing examplesEnglish has many ways of introducing examples. Here are a few expressions that appear in this lecture.For example, such as, for instance, one example is that…, as an example,Let’s say…It is usually not necessary to take notes on all the examples you hear. One or two may be enough. The abbreviation e.g. (form Latin exempli gratia, “for example”) is often uses to indicate an example in your notes.15.Taking notes on similarities and differencesThe following expressions are used in the lecture to talk about similarities and differences.DifferencesHowever but still while although in contrast on the other handSimilarities(be) similar to also likeNote how these expressions are used in the following sentences. Notice the differences in syntax and punctuation.Differences11)Americans prefer to eat potatoes. However, J apanese like rice.12)Americans prefer to eat potatoes, but Japanese like rice.13)Many Americans like rice; still, most of them prefer potatoes.14)While Americans prefer to eat potatoes, Japanese like rice.15)Although Americans prefer to eat potatoes, Japanese like rice.16)Americans prefer to eat potatoes. In contrast, Japanese like rice.17)Americans prefer to eat potatoes. On the other hand, Japanese like rice.Similarities18)U.S. and Canadian eating customs are similar.19)People in the United States like hamburgers, and Canadians do also.20)Like people in the United States, Canadians like hamburgers.16.ClassifyingLecture topics are often dividing (classified) into several smaller topics, or subtopics.These subtopics are often announced in the introduction. If you note these topics from the beginning , you will have a better ideas of how to organize your notes.17.Recognizing paraphrasesThere are several differences between written and spoken English. One important difference is that the spoken language contains a great deal of paraphrase. This meansthat speakers often say the same thing twice, but they use different words. When you are taki ng notes, you need to be able to recognize paraphrases so that you don’t write the same thing twice in your notes.Words that introduce paraphrasesSpeakers often use special words and phrases to signal that they are paraphrasing . these phrases include:In other words… that is …. I mean…. Namely…that is to say…18.Identifying general statements and supporting evidenceIn formal situations, writers and speakers of English normally organize information from general to specific. A speaker may make a general statement that he or she believes to be true and then support it with quotations from famous people, data from scientific studies, or references to other published works. Read the following example:Americans watch too much television, and they watch too many violent programs.According to the Los Angeles Times of November 5, 1991, Americans spend an average of 2300 hours per year watching TV. Thomas Lear, a psychiatrist at the University of Illinois, states in his book Watching the Tube that between 90 and 95 percent of all adult programs contain violence, “bad” language, or hostile sexual relations. Lear explains that when people see these behaviors repeated thousands of times, they start to think that such behaviors are normal and acceptable.A listener’s notes on this passage might be organized like this:(General statement) Americans watch too much TV and violent programs(Supporting evidence) 1) 2300 hrs/yr (LAT)2) 90-95% of progs, have violence, bad lg, hostile sex, (T, Lear,Watching the Tube)notice that the supporting details are indented and numbered, and each piece of evidence is written on a separate line.Speakers and writers use special verbs and phrases to introduce supporting evidence. Some of these are the following:According to X…,As X shows…ShowsPoints outX Reports that …..StateExplains19.Going off( digressing) and returning to the topic:Lecturers often include personal stories, jokes, or other information that are not directly related to the main topic. When speakers “go off the subject” (digress) like this, you do not need to take notes. However, you need to start taking notes again when the speaker signals a return to the main subject. Study the expressions below.Going off the topicBy the way that reminds me … before I forget…Returning to the topicAs I was saying … anyway… back to our topic… Where was I?…20.Listing advantages and disadvantagesLecturers often present the advantages and disadvantages of various topics or issues.The following are some phrases from the lecture. They will help you recognize when the lecturer is about to introduce advantages and disadvantages.Introducing advantagesThere are several advantages of …The advantage(s) of …is (are)…These are the advantages of …Introducing disadvantagesHowever, there are some disadvantages.On the other hand, the disadvantage(s) of … is (are)…The disadvantage(s) is (are)…* Sample Abbreviations and Symbols to Use in Taking NotesMathematical symbols to use in expressing relationships among ideas:= is like, equals, means (in defining a term)≠is unlike, not the same as# number< is smaller than> is larger than+ plus, in addition, andOther useful symbols:& and% percent$ dollars@ each? question, something unclear~ approximately↑increase, go up↓decrease, go down→causes (as in A →B)♂male♀female〃same as above (repeated or used again)∴therefore, as a resultSome common abbreviations:a.m. morning w/o withoutp.m. afternoon or evening yr. yeare.g. for example mo. monthi.e. that is, in other words wk. weekre: concerning or regarding no. number etc. and so on pd. paidvs. versus ft. footch. chapter lb. poundp.,pp page, pages cm. centimeter w/ with km. kilometer* Structure / Organization of a LectureI’d like to talk today about….I’m going to present the recent…I’m going to explain our position on …I’m going to describe…The topic of my talk / speech/ lecture/ presentatio…We are here today to decide…The purpose of this talk to give you the background to…I’ve divided my talk into four parts / sections…. They are…We can break this area down into the following fields: First / first of allSecondly / then/ nextThirdly / and then we come to…Finally / lastly / last of allIf you have any questions, please…Let’s start with… So that covers…That brings me to…Let’s leave that there.…and turn to…Firstly…secondly…thirdly…Then… next…. Finally / lastly…Let’s start with…Let’s move on to…Now we come to…That brings us to…Let’s leave that….Let’s go back to…To sum up…In briefIn shortAll in allIn a wordI’ll briefly summarize the main pointsIn conclusion…To conclude…。

2023年英语专八TEM8真题及答案

2023年英语专八TEM8真题及答案

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2023)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN] SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now, listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C, and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on Part One of the interview.1. A. Projects available for taking a gap year. B. Necessary preparations for a gap year.C. Personal experience on a gap year.D. Issues related to gap-year planning.2. A. To boost one’s future resume. B. To undergo a life changing process.C. To prepare for a better life at university.D. To win a competitive edge in employment.3. A. Having exposure to exotic cultures. B. Accumulating adventure experience.C. Making constant self-improvement.D. Conducting research on others’ traditions.4. A. Researching into the benefits of a gap year. B. Listening to friends with gap year experience.C. Browsing online forums for idea exchange.D. Preparing independently for a suitable plan.5. A. V olunteering in major-related work. B. Working overseas on different projects.C. Having sufficient cultural knowledge.D. Experiencing a prolonged gap year.Now, listen to Part Two of the interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on Part Two of the interview.6. A. It is for everybody old and young. B. It is typically 12 months in length.C. It varies for different age groups.D. It involves primarily travelling.7. A. It makes indirect differences to more people. B. It helps one to get acquainted with local people.C. It enables one to travel in more local places.D. It offers chances to know more about cultures.8. A. Hitch-hiking across America. B. Climbing Mount Qomolangma.C. Cage diving with white sharks.D. Touring overland in Africa.9. A. His childhood experience. B. His mixed parentage.C. His upbringing and schooling.D. His innate love for adventure.10. A. Gaining more social experience. B. Communicating with more local people.C. Developing critical thinking ability.D. Acquiring new knowledge.PART II READING COMPREHENSION [45 MIN] SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1) New calls for Australia to introduce a sugar-sweetened beverages tax have sparked an outcry from the food and beverage industry and provoked resistance from politicians. But why do health experts keep calling for a sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) tax, and why are politicians and industry resisting it?(2) Sugar taxes vary in design around the world in 26 countries. In Mexico, a 10% tax on sugary drinks was introduced in 2014. When the tax starts in the UK in April, there will be two bands—one for sugar content above 5g per 100ml and a second, higher tax on drinks containing more than 8g of sugar per 100ml.(3) In a 2018 statement on nutrition the Australian Medical Association (AMA) urged the government to introduce an SSB tax. This is significant because AMA is generally conservative when it comes to health policy and often avoids controversial debates. But it now wants a sugar tax “as a matter of priority”.(4) The health minister has made it clear the government will not support it, saying food labelling laws and voluntary codes of conduct to restrict food marketing to children are adequate. A Labor MP also stopped short of supporting a tax, saying other strategies are needed to promote a healthy lifestyle. The Greens, led by former doctor Richard Di Natale, support the tax and have previously proposed a 20% increase to the price of sugary drinks.(5) According to Prof. Tim Gill, from the Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Dis orders in Sydney, the strength of an SSB tax is that it targets an easily defined product. “It’s easy to identify sugary drinks and their manufacturers, and can tax them at their production,”he said. “There are a limited number of sugary drinks producers in Australia. A problem for governments collecting taxes can be how complicated it can be. If you were to try to tax every sugary food for example, that would be very complicated to do.”(6) The government has previously used complexity as an argument against an SS B tax. “But now with the UK jumping on the bandwagon, which has a similar consumption culture to ours but with a larger population and more producers, that complexity argument doesn’t hold weight anymore,” Gill said.(7) Bureau of Statistics data shows Australia is one of the 10 highest soft drink-consuming countries per capita. The World Health Organisation recommends adults consume no more than six teaspoons of sugar per day, but the average Australian consumes more than double that. A 330ml bottle of Coke contains nine teaspoons of sugar.(8) A study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics found sales of softdrinks in Melbourne’s Alfred hospital dropped 27.6% during a 17-week trial when the price of sugary drinks was increased by 20%. Bottled water sales increased by almost the same amount.(9) An analysis of sugary-drink purchases in Mexico conducted two years after the tax was introduced found a 5.5% drop in the first year, followed by a 9.7% decline in the second. While two years is not enough to determine the long-term impact on health, the study found: “These reductions in consumption could have positive impacts on health outcomes and reductions in healthcare expenses."(10) Sugar-sweetened drinks and sugar generally have been associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, tooth decay and bone density problems. The Australian Healthcare and Hospitals Association says obesity is the leading cause of preventable death or illness in Australia—above smoking But it will take longer term analysis to see clear evidence of any impact of a tax on obesity levels.(11) Lobby groups from the food and beverage industry are powerful. The Australian Beverages Council, the industry’s lobby group, has been fighting against a tax for years. It says there is no evidence a tax will do anything to reduce obesity, and it will cost jobs, which is a frightening message for politicians. The Australasian Association of Convenience Stores (AACS) described the introduction of an SSB tax in the UK as lazy,”“flawed,”“discriminatory” and “irrational”. It has ramped up its campaign to prevent such a tax in Australia.(12) Would introducing a sugar tax make Australia a nanny-state? It depends on whether you believe the food and beverage industry has too much power. Health experts argue that through advertising, product placement and political influence, the food and beverage industry has an unfair and non-transparent influence over consumer purchasing habits, and that children especially are sometimes powerless to recognise or resist it. They say an SSB tax would hold the industry to account. Others argue people need to take personal responsibility.(13) A Deakin University study used economic modelling to show the increase in annual spending on sugar-sweetened drinks under a 20% tax would average $30 a person, but those in the lowest socioeconomic groups would pay $5 a year more than those in the wealthiest groups.(14) Researchers concluded this was a modest price to pay given the benefits—and that Australia’s lowest socioeconomic group would receive the greatest health benefits. Health experts and advocacy groups say governments could reduce the financial burden on disadvantaged people by using revenue from a tax to fund health initiatives.11. What is the Australian government’s response to the SSB tax?A. It says the tax is inadequate for food marketing.B. It argues that there is no such necessity.C. It regards the tax as one of the top priorities.D. It accepts medical professionals’ advice.12. Which of the following organisations is opposed to the SSB tax?A. The Australian Healthcare and Hospitals Association.B. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.C. The Australian Beverages Council.D. The Australian Medical Association.13. What is the author’s attitude towards the SSB tax according to Para. 12?A. Neutral and objective.B. Partially supportive.C. Biased and worried.D. Completely doubtful.14. What is argued about the SSB tax in Paras. 13 and 14?A. Widening the gap between socioeconomic groups.B. Imposing financial burden on common families.C. Promoting economy in a satisfactory way.D. Offsetting financial burden by funding healthcare.PASSAGE TWO(1) I’d been living in Los Angeles just under a year when, in the spring of 1983, I answered an ad in the Hollywood Reporter for a receptionist and got the job. The pay wasn’t much, but the work was in “the Business”—an apt Los Angeles euphemism for the entertainment industry. The location was within bicycling distance of my home, and they only wanted someone to work mornings. I’d get off by 1 p. m, which I thought would leave me plenty of time to do my own writing. I was wrong about that. The place was so frantic I’d come out wired and need the rest of the day to simply calm down. When, after about two weeks, I realized my afternoons were being spent in activities equivalent to running around the block twenty or thirty times, I asked to be put on full-time. Since I wasn’t getting anything else, why not,I figured, jump in for the total experience.(2) The (still thriving) company I found myself a part of possessed the unlikely name of Breakdown Services, Ltd. During the six months I worked there, I learned to savor all of that phrase’s more cynical reverberations, but in terms of the job it dealt with the dismantling or breakdown of television and film scripts. Scripts gathered from producers or studios would be regurgitated (回流) by Breakdown in the form of plot summaries, character descriptions, number of scenes per character, and the number of dialogue lines each speaks. These compilations were then xeroxed and distributed to hundreds of subscribing actors’ agents who proceeded to submit their clients for likely parts. It was a process, as I was to discover by way of angry phone calls when “breakdowns”arrived late or not at all, that the agents regarded with a reverence others might reserve for morning prayer.(3) Breakdown Services, Ltd. was the brainchild of a young man named Gary Marsh. Gary was twenty-eight when I met him, but he’d founded Breakdown when he was eighteen and was considered something of an entrepreneurial prodigy. His mother was an agent and he’d observed the piles of scripts she and her agent pals had to plow through in order to match a given role with the talent they represented. He’d also observed how much they hated the reading part of their jobs and had cleverly devised breakdowns as a way of extracting the material they needed.(4) By the time I arrived, five full-time breakdown writers worked in a desk-lined back room overlooking a parking lot. I’ve heard the current crew has now advanced to computers, but when I was there typewriters were the norm. When they weren’t typing, the writers would curl up or ne office’s worn stuffed couch and, with a script propped against one arm, fill legal-sized yellow pads with dialogue line numbers and comments which they’d then type up. It could be a complex job. For example, the breakdown for a film originally called Teenage Gambler lists over forty characters, ranging from the teenaged gambling leader to five waiters who sing “Happy Birthday” at a surprise party.(5) Perhaps because of the patience involved in this sort of extraction, women seemed to dominate the ranks of the break downers (during my tenure the ratio was four to one). Although Gary knew I’d done a bit of writing, I was relegated to the front office and never received an invitation to try my hand at breakdowns. It wasn’t something I really wanted to do. For one thing, the writers were a youthful bunch. The back room senior was in her early thirties, but none of the others had hit twenty-five. And I think Gary rightly surmised I’d be too openly cynical for the job or try to embellish too much. Breakdowns were produced anonymously and offered no artistic evaluations of the scripts. The writers might talkamong themselves about a piece they felt was particularly good or bad, but such editorializing was not allowed to make its way into the final product. That this restriction was frustrating is indicated by the fact that two of the writers began venting opinions as moonlighting theater critics for small local papers.(6) For Gary, the most problematical aspect of the breakdown business was its limited market. This had nothing to do with his operating methodology; he did what he could to exploit the possibilities. Each weekday a hardy crew made predawn deliveries of breakdowns to agents’homes or offices, while a post-dawn quartet of pager-equipped Breakdown field workers haunted the big studios ready to pounce on an available script. For these studio prowlers speed was of the essence, not only because Hollywood tends to be crisis-prone and wants everything done quickly, but because a rival, spawned by the success of Breakdown Services, Ltd. And infuriatingly named Break Through Productions, Ltd, was also on the hunt.(7) Breakdown Services unquestionably dominated the field, but the field itself had immutable perimeters. Breakdown’s subscribers had to be accredited agents, though there were some exceptions to this rule. For instance, specialized media organizations, such as the competitive, vulture-like companies that insured movie productions, could keep tabs on the industry by subscribing to the weekly Breakdown summaries. But the whole Breakdown operation was hard to monitor. When I was there, a Breakdown subscription was expensive, something like $500 a year. And though breakdowns were copyrighted and unauthorized reproduction was clearly prohibited, xerox machines are notoriously bad at picking up such distinctions and among the larger agencies breakdowns were undoubtedly duplicated and passed around.(8) Gary’s response to these built-in economic dilemmas was to diversify. A separate department for commercials, for example, appeared as apart of the Breakdown menu. Although Breakdown staffers were supposed to refrain from giving tips to potential talent, I did once tell a friend—who hoped to finance the college educations of her five-year-old identical twins by getting them on a commercial—that a juice company had put out a call for identical twin girls. Their agent submitted them, but they didn’t get the job. The nightly Breakdown delivery system expanded to an all-day messenger service. Gary also made available an assortment of directories and mailing labels listing casting directors, talent agents, and literary agents in Los Angeles and New York. The current Breakdown brochure adds yet another Breakdown amenity; for fifteen dollars you can receive an “actors’ relaxation” cassette tape “designed to maximize your abilities and stimulate your creative senses”.15. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the author to take the job?A. Convenient location.B. Decent income.C. Ideal work time.D. Reputable career image.16. What is the agents’ attitude towards “breakdowns”?A. They are patient for their late arrivals.B. They sometimes ignore their arrivals.C. They care less about breakdowns.D. They view breakdowns as essential.17. What does “such editorializing” in Para. 5 mean according to the context?A. Making comments.B. Writing editorials.C. Reproducing scripts.D. Typing scripts.18. What problem does the author mainly talk about in Para. 7?A. Market competition.B. Breakdown restrictions.C. Copyright violations.D. Lack of subscribers.19. What is the author’s tone throughout the passage?A. Infuriated.B. Ironic.C. Frustrated.D. Indifferent.PASSAGE THREE(1) It was delightful to be in such a place, after long weeks of daily and nightly familiarity with miners’ cabins—with all which this implies of dirt floor, never-made beds, tin plates and cups, bacon and beans and black coffee, and nothing of ornament but war pictures from the Eastern illustrated papers tacked to the log walls. That was all hard, cheerless, materialistic desolation, but here was a nest which had aspects to rest the tired eye and refresh that something in one’s nature which, after long fasting, recognizes, when confronted by the belongings of art, howsoever cheap and modest they may be, that it has unconsciously been famishing and now has found nourishment.(2) I could not have believed that a rag carpet could feast me so, and so content me; or that there could be such solace to the soul in wall-paper and framed lithographs (平版印刷画), and bright-colored tidies and lamp-mats, and Windsor chairs, and vanished whatnots (陈设架) with sea-shells and books and china vases on them, and the score of little unclassifiable tricks and touches that a woman’s hand distributes about a home, which one sees without knowing he sees them, yet would miss in a moment if they were taken away. The delight that was in my heart showed in my face, and the man saw it and was pleased; saw it so plainly that he answered it as if it had been spoken.(3) “All her work,” he said, caressingly; “she did it all herself—every bit,” and he took the room in with a glance which was full of affectionate worship. One of those soft Japanese fabrics with which women drape with careful negligence the upper part of a picture-frame was out of adjustment, He noticed it, and rearranged it with cautious pains, stepping back several times to gauge the effect before he got it to suit him. Then he gave it a light fi nishing pat or two with his hand, and said: “She always does that. You can’t tell just what it lacks, but it does lack something until you’ve done that—you can see it yourself after it’s done, but that is all you know; you can’t find out the law of it. It’s like the finishing pats a mother gives the child’s hair after she’s got it combed and brushed, I reckon. I’ve seen her fix all these things so much that I can do them all just her way, though I don’t know the law of any of them. But she knows the law. She knows the why and the how both; but I don’t know the why; I only know the how.”(4) He took me into a bedroom so that I might wash my hands; such a bedroom as I had not seen for years: white counterpane, white pillows, carpeted floor, papered walls, pictures, dressing-table, with mirror and pin-cushion and dainty toilet things; and in the corner a wash-stand, with real china-ware bowl and pitcher, and with soap in a china dish, and on a rack more than a dozen towels—towels too clean and white for one out of practice to use without some vague sense of profanation. So my face spoke again, and he answered with gratified words: “All her work; she did it all herself—every bit. Nothing here that hasn’t felt the touch of her hand. Now you would think—But I mustn’t talk so much.”(5) By this time I was wiping my hands and glancing from detail to detail of the room’s belongings, as one is apt to do when he is in a new place, where everything he sees is a comfort to his eye and his spirit; and I became conscious, in one of those unaccountable ways, you know, that there was something there somewhere that the man wanted me to discover for myself. I knew it perfectly, and I knew he was trying to help me by furtive indications with his eye, so I tried hard to get on the right track, being eager to gratify him. I failed several times, as I could see out of the corner of my eyes without being told; but at last I knew I must be looking straight at the thing—knew it from the pleasure issuing in invisible waves from him. He broke into a happy laugh, and rubbed his hands together, and cried out: “That’s it! You’ve found it. I knew you would. It’s her picture.”(6) I went to the little black walnut bracket on the farther wall, and did find there what I had not yet noticed—a picture case. It contained the sweetest girlish face, and the most beautiful, as it seemed to me, that I had ever seen. The man drank the admiration from my face, and was fully satisfied.(7) “Nineteen her last birthday,” h e said, as he put the picture back; “and that was the day we were married. When you see her—ah, just wait till you see her!”(8) “Where is she? When will she be in?”(9) “Oh, she’s away now. She’s gone to see her people. They live forty or fifty miles from here. She’s been gone two weeks today.”(10) “When do you expect her back?”(11) “This is Wednesday. She’ll be back Saturday, in the evening—about nine o’clock, likely.”(12) I felt a sharp sense of disappointment.(13) “I’m sorry, because I’ll be gone then,” I said, regretfully.(14) “Gone? No—why should you go? Don’t go. She’ll be disappointed.”(15) She would be disappointed—that beautiful creature! If she had said the words herself, they could hardly have blessed me more. I was feeling a deep, strong longing to see her—a longing so supplicating, so insistent, that it made me af raid. I said to myself: “I will go straight away from this place, for my peace of mind’s sake.”(16) “You see, she likes to have people come and stop with us—people who know things, and can talk—people like you. She delights in it; for she knows—oh, she knows nearly everything herself, and can talk, oh, like a bird—and the books she reads, why, you would be astonished. Don’t go; it’s only a little while, you know, and she’ll be so disappointed.”(17) I heard the words, but hardly noticed them, I was so deep in my thinkings and strugglings. He left me, but I didn’t know. Presently he was back, with the picture case in his hand, and he held it open before me and said: “There, now, tell her to her face you could have stayed to see her, and you wouldn’t.”20. The author makes the impression in Paras. 1 and 2 by means of __________.A. personificationB. contrastC. metaphorizationD. exaggeration21. Which of the following words BEST describes the man’s feelings about his wife?A. Despicable.B. Sentimental.C. Worshipping.D. Concerned.22. From the description of the man readjusting the fabric over the picture-frame, we can learn that he __.A. cares about detailsB. habitually assists his wifeC. knows why something is doneD. likes to do home decoration23. What made the author feel afraid in Para. 15?A. The weird interior atmosphere.B. The man’s insistence to see his wifeC. The man’s strange words and behavior.D. The deep desire for seeing the man’s wife.24. From the man’s narration, we know that his wife is all of the following EXCEPT __________.A. sociableB. shrewdC. beautifulD. intelligent SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question in NO MORE THAN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE25. What does Prof. Tim Gill think of an SSB tax according to Para. 5?26. What can be summarized from the study results in Para. 8?27. Summarize the AACS’s comments on the SSB tax (Para. 11) in your own words.PASSAGE TWO28. What does the italicized part in Para. 1 imply about the author’s work?29. Which word or phrase in Para. 7 has the same meaning as “limited market” in Para. 6?30. Use THREE adjectives to describe Gary Marsh as a businessman.PASSAGE THREE31. What does the italicized part in Para. 4 imply about the man’s wife?32. What does the italicized phrase “get on the right track” in Para. 5 mean?PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [15 MIN] The passage contains Ten errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct onein the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧”sign and write the word you believe to be missingin the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “ / ” and putthe word in the blank provided at the end of the line. EXAMPLEWhen ∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibit Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET THREE as instructed.PART IV TRANSLATION [20 MIN] Translate the underlined part of the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.中国传统文化是我们先辈传承下来的丰厚遗产。

2017年英语专八真题与答案

2017年英语专八真题与答案

QUESTION BOOKLETTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2017) -GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION[25 MIN]SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the first interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the first interview.1. A. Comprehensive. B. Disheartening. C. Encouraging.D. Optimistic.2. A. 200. B. 70. C. 10.D. 500. 试卷用后随即销毁。

2020年英语专业八级试题及答案(卷十)

2020年英语专业八级试题及答案(卷十)
A. exactB. clearC. accurateD. explicit
13. That consciousness is being transformed into ____.
A. actionB. actC. deedD. activity
14. To stress the importance of a rich vocabulary, the teacher used a(n) ____.“Writing with aseverely limited vocabulary”, she said,“is like trying to paint a circus with only a few colors.”
18. The campers ____ their tent in a sheltered valley.
A. establishedB. placedC. fixedD. built
19. An almost ____ line of traffic was moving at a snail’s pace through the center city.
A. of whichB. whichC. of whoseD. that
5. Doctor Godwin says that ____ what forceful arguments against smoking there are, manypeople persist in smoking.
A. continuousB. constantC. longD. continual
20. On entering another country, a tourist will have to ____ the customs.

英语专八参考答案

英语专八参考答案

英语专八参考答案英语专业八级考试（TEM-8）是中国英语专业学生的一项重要考试，它涵盖了听力、阅读、写作、翻译和人文知识等多个方面。

以下是一份模拟的参考答案，供参考：一、听力理解1. 短对话理解：这部分测试学生对日常英语对话的理解能力。

考生需仔细聆听对话内容，并从四个选项中选择最合适的答案。

2. 长对话理解：长对话通常涉及更复杂的情境和更多的信息点。

考生需要集中注意力，理解对话的主旨和细节。

3. 新闻听力：这部分要求考生能够理解英语新闻报道，把握新闻的主要内容和关键信息。

4. 讲座听力：考生需聆听一段英语讲座，并回答相关问题，测试学生对讲座内容的理解和分析能力。

二、阅读理解1. 快速阅读：考生需要在限定时间内快速浏览文章，抓住文章的主旨大意。

2. 深度阅读：这部分要求考生仔细阅读文章，理解文章的细节信息，并能对文章进行推理和判断。

3. 词汇理解：考生需要根据上下文推断生词或短语的含义。

三、写作1. 图表作文：考生需根据所给图表信息，撰写一篇描述性或论证性的文章。

2. 议论文写作：考生需就某一话题表达自己的观点，并提供支持性的论据。

四、翻译1. 英译汉：考生需将英语文本翻译成中文，注意语言的准确性和流畅性。

2. 汉译英：考生需将中文文本翻译成英文，同样要注意语言的准确性和地道性。

五、人文知识1. 英美文学：考生需对英美文学的重要作品和作者有所了解。

2. 英美文化：这部分测试考生对英美文化常识的掌握。

3. 语言学基础：考生需要了解基本的语言学概念和理论。

六、完形填空考生需在理解文章大意的基础上，根据上下文逻辑和语境，选择最合适的选项填空。

七、改错考生需识别并纠正文章中的语法、用词等错误。

八、词汇和语法这部分测试考生对英语词汇和语法知识的掌握程度。

九、总结考生需根据所给材料，撰写一篇总结性的文章，概括材料的主要内容。

请注意，以上内容仅为模拟参考答案的示例，实际的TEM-8考试内容和形式可能会有所不同。

专八答案_精品文档

专八答案_精品文档

专八答案《专八答案》文档摘要：本文档提供了关于专八考试答案的详细解析。

专八是中国大学英语专业八级考试，是英语专业学生必须通过的一项考试。

这次考试总共包括听力、阅读、写作和口语四个部分。

通过掌握和理解本文档提供的专八答案，考生们可以更好地备考并取得优异的成绩。

第一部分：听力答案听力部分是专八考试的第一个部分，包含了六个不同的听力材料。

每个听力材料后都有一系列的问题需要回答。

在本文档中，我们提供了每个听力材料的答案和解析，帮助考生们更好地掌握听力部分。

第二部分：阅读答案阅读部分是专八考试的第二个部分，包括了一篇长篇阅读材料和三篇短篇阅读材料。

每篇材料后都有一系列的问题需要回答。

在本文档中，我们提供了每篇阅读材料的答案和解析，帮助考生们更好地理解和掌握阅读材料。

第三部分：写作答案写作部分是专八考试的第三个部分，包括了两个写作任务。

考生需要根据提供的题目和要求进行写作。

在本文档中，我们提供了每个写作任务的答案和解析，展示了考生们应该如何组织和表达文章的观点和论证。

第四部分：口语答案口语部分是专八考试的最后一个部分，包括了一系列的口语题目。

考生需要根据每个题目准备并进行口语回答。

在本文档中，我们提供了每个口语题目的答案范例和解析，帮助考生们更好地进行口语准备和实践。

结论：通过掌握和理解本文档提供的专八答案，考生们可以更好地备考并取得优异的成绩。

然而，重要的是要记住，单纯掌握答案并不能真正提高英语能力。

考生们应该在答案的基础上积极学习和练习，提升自己的听力、阅读、写作和口语技能。

只有通过不断的学习和努力，我们才能真正掌握英语并在专八考试中取得优异的成绩。

扩展阅读：- 中国大学英语专业八级考试（简称专八）是英语专业学生必须通过的一项考试，要求考生具备流利、准确地运用英语进行听、说、读、写和译等方面的能力。

- 提前准备是专八考试成功的关键。

考生们应该提前了解考试的格式、内容和要求，并进行有针对性的复习和练习。

- 口语部分是专八考试中的重要组成部分。

英语专八真题附答案

英语专八真题附答案

2010英语专八真题TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE EIGHT-PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.First category: vocal paralinguistic featuresA.(1)__________: to express attitude or intention (1)__________B.Examples1. whispering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2)_________: unimportance (2)__________4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacySecond category: physical paralinguistic featuresA.facial expressions1.(3)_______ (3)__________----- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome2.less common expressions----- eye brow raising: surprise or interest----- lip biting: (4)________ (4)_________B.gesturegestures are related to culture.1.British culture----- shrugging shoulders: (5) ________ (5)__________----- scratching head: puzzlement2.other cultures----- placing hand upon heart:(6)_______ (6)__________----- pointing at nose: secretC.proximity, posture and echoing1.proximity: physical distance between speakers----- closeness: intimacy or threat----- (7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_________Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)________ -specific. (8)_________2.posture----- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate(9)_____ (9)________----- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude3.echoing----- definition: imitation of similar posture----- (10)______: aid in communication (10)___________----- conscious imitation: mockerySECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. According to Dr Johnson, diversity meansA. merging of different cultural identities.B. more emphasis on homogeneity.C. embracing of more ethnic differences.D. acceptance of more branches of Christianity.2. According to the interview, which of the following statements in CORRECT?A. Some places are more diverse than others.B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.D. American is a truly diverse country.3. According to Dr Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025?A. MaineB. SelinsgroveC. PhiladelphiaD. California4. During the interview Dr Johnson indicates thatA. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations.B. both older and younger populations are racially diverse.C. age diversity could lead to pension problems.D. older populations are more racially diverse.5. According to the interview, religious diversityA. was most evident between 1990 and 2000.B. exists among Muslim immigrants.C. is restricted to certain places in the US.D. is spreading to more parts of the country.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Question 7 and 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government’s measure to control inflation?A. Foreign investment.B. Donor support.C. Price control.D. Bank prediction.8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?A. 20 million percent.B. 2.2 million percent.C. 11.2 million percent.D. Over 11.2 million percent.Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.9. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D. A big fire took place on two floors.10. The likely cause of the big fire isA. electrical short-cut.B. lack of fire-satefy measures.C. terrorism.D. not known.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AStill, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the ma yor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see “one man sweating and straining to pull another man.” But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image. “Wester ners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,” the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006. “Our city stands for prosperity and development.” The chief minister—theequivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evenin g.) It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of live chickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up. Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata “if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.” During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’ waists. When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, “When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.”While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. “I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,” he said, “but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.” Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, “Ifyou are so naive as to as k such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.” Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolut ely everything but umbrellas. “The government was the government of the poor people,” one sardar told me. “Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.” One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.“Which option has been chosen?” I asked, noting that th e report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.“When will it be decided?”“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPTA. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchasesD. carrying people over short distances.12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13. That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar” (4 paragraph)means that even so,A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware peopleA. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15. Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor?A. “…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.” (2 paragraph)B. “…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.” (4 paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, “ has difficulty letting go.” (7 paragraph).D.“…or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.” (6 paragraph)16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggestA. the uncertainty of the court’s decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--"we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else."Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily.For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder --what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."17. What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidlybecoming the exclusive province of suckers…Poor suckers, mostly.” (2 paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen)A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20. What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Teasing.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress( five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there. It seemed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: “ For one, sir? This way, please,” Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21. That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests thatA. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPTA. “…turned Babylonian”.B. “perhaps a new barbarism’.C. “acres of white napery”.D. “balanced to the last halfpenny”.23. In its context the statement that “ the place was built for him” means that the café was intended toA. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT thatA. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26. The author’s attitude to the café isA. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DI Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about. But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the “Mona Lisa.”When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. “Smelter or death.”The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.“We have to live,” Halldór &Aacute;sgrímsson said in his sad, sonorous voice. Halldór, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. “We have a right to live.”27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something ofA. environmental value.B. commercial value.C. potential value for tourism.D. great value for livelihood.28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’ feeling towards the Alcoa project?A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.。

专八改错习题及答案解析

专八改错习题及答案解析

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析（一）About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries could be avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk __________________________________________________ 1 _____pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking _________ 2 _____University.The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternalDeaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children __________ 3 _____within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their __________ 4 ___families to moderate size.This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternal deaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by _______________________________________________________ 5 ____the United Nation?s Children?s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Control respectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high _______________________________________________________ 6 _______risk categories.The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of ___________ 7 ____maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of _________ 8 ______pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the _________ 9 _______mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than _________ 10 ______two years apart.参考答案及解析:1将had used改为used。

2010英语专八真题及答案(word完整版)

2010英语专八真题及答案(word完整版)

2010英语专八真题(20101010))TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(20-GRADE EIGHT-PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(3(355MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture.You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening,take notes on the important points.Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.When the lecture is over,you will be given two minutes to check your notes,and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET e the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task.Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words.Make sure the word(s)you fill in is(are)both grammatically& semantically acceptable.You may refer to your notes.Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages.These means are called paralinguistic features of language,which fall into two categories.First category:vocal paralinguistic featuresA.(1)__________:to express attitude or intention(1)__________B.Examples1.whispering:need for secrecy2.breathiness:deep emotion3.(2)_________:unimportance(2)__________4.nasality:anxiety5.extra lip-rounding:greater intimacySecond category:physical paralinguistic featuresA.facial expressions1.(3)_______(3)__________(4)_________B.gesturegestures are related to culture.1.British culture-----shrugging shoulders:(5)________(5)__________-----scratching head:puzzlement2.other cultures-----placing hand upon heart:(6)_______(6)__________-----pointing at nose:secretC.proximity,posture and echoing1.proximity:physical distance between speakers-----closeness:intimacy or threat-----(7)_______:formality or absence of interest(7)_________Proximity is person-,culture-and(8)________-specific.(8)_________2.posture-----hunched shoulders or a hanging head:to indicate(9)_____(9)________-----direct level eye contact:to express an open or challenging attitude3.echoing-----definition:imitation of similar posture-----(10)______:aid in communication(10)___________-----conscious imitation:mockerySECTION B INTERVIE WIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions1to5are based on an interview.At the end of the interview you will be given10seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1.According to Dr Johnson,diversity meansD.acceptance of more branches of Christianity.2.According to the interview,which of the following statements in CORRECT?A.Some places are more diverse than others.B.Towns are less diverse than large cities.C.Diversity can be seen everywhere.D.American is a truly diverse country.3.According to Dr Johnson,which place will witness a radical change in its racialmakeup by2025?A.MaineB.SelinsgroveC.PhiladelphiaD.California4.During the interview Dr Johnson indicates thatA.greater racial diversity exists among younger populations.B.both older and younger populations are racially diverse.C.age diversity could lead to pension problems.D.older populations are more racially diverse.5.According to the interview,religious diversityA.was most evident between1990and2000.B.exists among Muslim immigrants.C.is restricted to certain places in the US.D.is spreading to more parts of the country.SECTION C NE W S B RO AD C A STIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question6is based on the following news.At the end of the news item,you will be given10seconds to answer the question.B.Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C.The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D.Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Question7and8is based on the following news.At the end of the news item,youquestions s.will be given20seconds to answer the questionNow listen to the news.7.Which of the following is mentioned as the government’s measure to controlinflation?A.Foreign investment.B.Donor support.C.Price control.D.Bank prediction.8.According to Kingdom Bank,what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?A.20million percent.B.2.2million percent.C.11.2million percent.D.Over11.2million percent.Question9and10are based on the following news.At the end of the news item, you will be given20seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.9.Which of the following is CORRECT?A.A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B.Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C.Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D.A big fire took place on two floors.10.The likely cause of the big fire isA.electrical short-cut.ck of fire-satefy measures.PART II READING COMPREHENSION(30MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of20 multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AStill,the image of any city has a half-life of many years.(So does its name, officially changed in2001from Calcutta to Kolkata,which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali.Conversing in English,I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.)To Westerners,the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels,pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa.For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that,as the mayor of Kolkata has often said,it is offensive to see“one man sweating and straining to pull another man.”But these days politicians also lament the impact of6,000hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern city’s traffic and,particularly,on its image.“Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape,but this is not what Calcutta stands for,”the chief minister of West Bengal,Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee,said in a press conference in2006.“Our city stands for prosperity and development.”The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists.(Actually,I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata,apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street,in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.)It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.They are people who tend to travel short distances,through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver.An older woman with marketing to do,for instance,can arrive in a rickshaw,have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases,and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a24-hour ambulance service.Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies.(One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of live chickens—tied in pairs by the feet so theyessentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains,and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up.Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata“if a stray cat pees,there’s a flood.”During my stay it once rained for about48hours.Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles,and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’waists.When it’s raining,the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly,as does the price of a journey.A writer in Kolkata told me,“When it rains,even the governor takes rickshaws.”While I was in Kolkata,a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states,according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure.Among India’s20largest states,Bihar finished dead last,as it has for four of the past five years.Bihar,a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata,is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from.Once in Kolkata,they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar.For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay100rupees(about$2.50)a month,which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.They gross between100and150rupees a day,out of which they have to pay20rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for,say,crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited.A2003study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income,doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars.For someone without land or education,that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata,particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw,because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism.Ironically,some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws.The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee,a former academic who still writes history books—told me,for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road.“I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,”he said,“but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.”Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations,rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare,he smiled,with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean,“If you are so naive as tosupposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive,still clog the sidewalks,selling absolutely everything—or,as I found during the48hours of rain,absolutely everything but umbrellas.“The government was the government of the poor people,”one sardar told me.“Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods,out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances.Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee,after all,is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months.Similar statements have been made as far back as1976.The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers.It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century.Kolkata,a resident told me,“has difficulty letting go.”One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.“Which option has been chosen?”I asked,noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.“That hasn’t been decided,”he said.“When will it be decided?”“That hasn’t been decided,”he said.11.According to the passage,rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for thefollowing EXCEPTA.taking foreign tourists around the city.B.providing transport to school children.C.carrying store supplies and purchasesD.carrying people over short distances.12.Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers fromBihar?A.They come from a relatively poor area.B.They are provided with decent accommodation.C.Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D.They are often caught by policemen in the streets.B.the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C.the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D.the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14.We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware peopleA.hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B.strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C.call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D.keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15.Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor?A.“…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.”(2paragraph)B.“…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.”(4paragraph)C.Kolkata,a resident told me,“has difficulty letting go.”(7paragraph).D.“…or,as I found during the48hours of rain,absolutely everything butumbrellas.”(6paragraph)16.The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passageseems to suggestA.the uncertainty of the court’s decision.B.the inefficiency of the municipal government.C.the difficulty of finding a good solution.D.the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe,the average American will,over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years(says National Public Radio)or five years(according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average,as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether.Once the most democratic of institutions,lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines).Poor suckers,mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution:first-class passengers enjoyNew England,and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World,where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics:that the rich are more important than you,especially when it comes to waiting.An NBA player once said to me,with a bemused chuckle of disbelief,that when playing in Canada--get this--"we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else."Almost every line can be breached for a price.In several U.S.cities this summer,early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines.On Craigslist,prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay"waiters"or"placeholders"to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.Inevitably,some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people.This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from3:30a.m.to11:30a.m.before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens,though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station22blocks away,where the wait,or at least the ride,is shorter.As early as elementary school,we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act,which is why so many wmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line.Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator,said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants"to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line,unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S.Capitol,where Senators and Representatives use private elevators,lest they have to queue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic,it's out-of-date.There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark,two by two,that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight?Southwest Airlines has first-come,first-served festival seating.But for$5per flight,an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted"A"boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in24hours before departure.Thus,the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up.Then again,some cultures are too adept at lining up:a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S.,where society seems to be cleaving into two groups:Estragon did in Waiting for Godot:"We wait.We are bored."17.What does the following sentence mean?“Once the most democratic ofinstitutions,lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers…Poor suckers,mostly.”(2paragraph)A.Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.B.Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C.Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D.Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18.Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A.Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.ing Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C.First-class passenger status at airports.D.Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19.We can infer from the passage that politicians(including mayors andCongressmen)A.prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B.advocate the value of waiting in lines.C.believe in and practice waiting in lines.D.exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20.What is the tone of the passage?A.Instructive.B.Humorous.C.Serious.D.Teasing.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End,where,among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination,shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire,he found the caféof his choice,a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned.Bbylonian,a while palace with ten thousand lights.It towered above the other building like a citadel,which indeed it was,the outpost of a new age,perhaps a new civilization,perhaps a newthe thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists,behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak,the vanloads of ices,were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming,who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress(five feet four in height and in average health)would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner.In short,there was a warm, sensuous,vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys,and a cold science working in the basement.Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched,in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury.Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world,looted whole kingdoms,and never arrived in such luxury.The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too,and,as usual,they were al there. It seemed with humanity.The marble entrance hall,piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes,was as crowded and bustling as a railway station.The gloom and grime of the streets,the raw air,all November,were at once left behind,forgotten:the atmosphere inside was golden,tropical,belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery.Disdaining the lifts,Turgis,once more excited by the sight,sound, and smell of it all,climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra,led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects,acted as a magnet to a thousand girls,scented air,the sensuous clamour of the strings;and,as he stood hesitating a moment,half dazed, there came,bowing,s sleek grave man,older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be,who murmured deferentially:“For one, sir?This way,please,”Shyly,yet proudly,Turgis followed him.21.That“behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel”suggests thatA.modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B.there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C.the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D.the caféwas based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22.The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPTA.“…turned Babylonian”.B.“perhaps a new barbarism’.C.“acres of white napery”.D.“balanced to the last halfpenny”.C.satisfy a demand that already existed.D.provide relaxation for tired young men.24.Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A.The caféappealed to most senses simultaneously.B.The caféwas both full of people and full of warmth.C.The inside of the caféwas contrasted with the weather outside.D.It stressed the commercial determination of the caféowners.25.The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraphEXCEPT thatA.the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B.the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C.Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D.the interior of the caféis compared to warm countries.26.The author’s attitude to the caféisA.fundamentally critical.B.slightly admiring.C.quite undecided.pletely neutral.TEXT DI Now elsewhere in the world,Iceland may be spoken of,somewhat breathlessly,as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness.But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land,the way one is complicatedly connected to,or encumbered by,family one can’t do anything about.But the truth is,once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives,the roads are few,and they’re all bad,so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants.For them the land has always just been there,something that had to be dealt with and,if possible,exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as,well,priceless art on the scale of the“Mona Lisa.”be one of the world’s richest countries,with a99percent literacy rate and long life expectancy.But the proj-ect’s advocates,some of them getting on in years,were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want,hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark,which officially had ended only in1944and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh.For the longest time,life here had meant little more than a sod hut,dark all winter,cold,no hope,children dying left and right,earthquakes,plagues,starvation,volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock,all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and,later,on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions,it still largely does.Ostensibly,the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom.After fishing quotas were imposed in the early1980s to protect fish stocks,many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away,fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies,and small fishermen were virtually wiped out.Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands,and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away.With the old way of life doomed,aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived,wisely or not,as a last chance.“Smelter or death.”The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital,an estimated400jobs,and spin-off service industries.It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world;diversify an economy historically dependent on fish;and,in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve,perhaps even protect all of Iceland,once and for all,from the unpredictability of life itself.“We have to live,”Halldór&Aacute;sgrímsson said in his sad,sonorous voice. Halldór,a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region,was a driving force behind the project.“We have a right to live.”27.According to the passage,most Icelanders view land as something ofA.environmental value.mercial value.C.potential value for tourism.D.great value for livelihood.28.What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’feeling towards the Alcoa project?29.The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPTA.fewer fishing companies.B.fewer jobs available.C.migration of young people.D.impostion of fishing quotas.30.The4paragraph in the passageA.sums up the main points of the passage.B.starts to discuss an entirely new point.C.elaborates on the last part of the3paragraph.D.continues to depict the bleak economic situation.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE(10MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.Choose the best answer to each question.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31.Which of the following statements in INCORRECT?A.The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of1215.B.The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C.The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D.The British constitution includes one single written constitution.32.The first city ever founded in Canada isA.Quebec.B.Vancouver.C.Toronto.D.Montreal.33.When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?A.1770.B.1788.C.1900.D.1901.B.Thomas Paine.C.George Washington.D.Thomas Jefferson.35.________is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in hispoems..A.Will BlakeB.W.B.YeatsC.Robert BrowningD.William Wordsworth36.The Financier is written byA.Mark Twain.B.Henry James.C.William Faulkner.D.Theodore Dreiser.37.In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined asA.allegory.B.sonnet.C.blank verse.D.rhyme.38.________refers to the learning and development of a language.nguage acquisitionnguage comprehensionnguage productionnguage instruction39.The word“Motel”comes from“motor+hotel”.This is an example of________in morphology.A.backformationB.conversionC.blendingD.acronym。

英语专八2010年真题(附答案)

英语专八2010年真题(附答案)

2010英语专八真题TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE EIGHT-PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.First category: vocal paralinguistic featuresA.(1)__________: to express attitude or intention (1)__________B.Examples1. whispering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2)_________: unimportance (2)__________4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacySecond category: physical paralinguistic featuresA.facial expressions1.(3)_______ (3)__________----- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome2.less common expressions----- eye brow raising: surprise or interest----- lip biting: (4)________ (4)_________B.gesturegestures are related to culture.1.British culture----- shrugging shoulders: (5) ________ (5)__________----- scratching head: puzzlement2.other cultures----- placing hand upon heart:(6)_______ (6)__________----- pointing at nose: secretC.proximity, posture and echoing1.proximity: physical distance between speakers----- closeness: intimacy or threat----- (7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_________Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)________ -specific. (8)_________2.posture----- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate(9)_____ (9)________----- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude3.echoing----- definition: imitation of similar posture----- (10)______: aid in communication (10)___________----- conscious imitation: mockerySECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. According to Dr Johnson, diversity meansA. merging of different cultural identities.B. more emphasis on homogeneity.C. embracing of more ethnic differences.D. acceptance of more branches of Christianity.2. According to the interview, which of the following statements in CORRECT?A. Some places are more diverse than others.B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.D. American is a truly diverse country.3. According to Dr Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025?A. MaineB. SelinsgroveC. PhiladelphiaD. California4. During the interview Dr Johnson indicates thatA. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations.B. both older and younger populations are racially diverse.C. age diversity could lead to pension problems.D. older populations are more racially diverse.5. According to the interview, religious diversityA. was most evident between 1990 and 2000.B. exists among Muslim immigrants.C. is restricted to certain places in the US.D. is spreading to more parts of the country.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Question 7 and 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government’s measure to control inflation?A. Foreign investment.B. Donor support.C. Price control.D. Bank prediction.8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?A. 20 million percent.B. 2.2 million percent.C. 11.2 million percent.D. Over 11.2 million percent.Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.9. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D. A big fire took place on two floors.10. The likely cause of the big fire isA. electrical short-cut.B. lack of fire-satefy measures.C. terrorism.D. not known.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AStill, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the ma yor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see “one man sweating and straining to pull another man.” But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image. “Wester ners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,” the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006. “Our city stands for prosperity and development.” The chief minister—theequivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evenin g.) It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of live chickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up. Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata “if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.” During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’ waists. When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, “When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.”While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. “I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,” he said, “but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.” Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, “Ifyou are so naive as to as k such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.” Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolut ely everything but umbrellas. “The government was the government of the poor people,” one sardar told me. “Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.” One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.“Which option has been chosen?” I asked, noting that th e report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.“When will it be decided?”“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPTA. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchasesD. carrying people over short distances.12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13. That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar” (4 paragraph)means that even so,A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware peopleA. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15. Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor?A. “…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.” (2 paragraph)B. “…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.” (4 paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, “ has difficulty letting go.” (7 paragraph).D.“…or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.” (6 paragraph)16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggestA. the uncertainty of the court’s decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--"we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else."Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily.For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder --what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."17. What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidlybecoming the exclusive province of suckers…Poor suckers, mostly.” (2 paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen)A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20. What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Teasing.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress( five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there. It seemed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: “ For one, sir? This way, please,” Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21. That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests thatA. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPTA. “…turned Babylonian”.B. “perhaps a new barbarism’.C. “acres of white napery”.D. “balanced to the last halfpenny”.23. In its context the statement that “ the place was built for him” means that the café was intended toA. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT thatA. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26. The author’s attitude to the café isA. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DI Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about. But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the “Mona Lisa.”When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. “Smelter or death.”The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.“We have to live,” Halldór &Aacute;sgrímsson said in his sad, sonorous voice. Halldór, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. “We have a right to live.”27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something ofA. environmental value.B. commercial value.C. potential value for tourism.D. great value for livelihood.28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’ feeling towards the Alcoa project?A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.。

英语专八2010年真题附答案

英语专八2010年真题附答案

2010英语专八真题TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE EIGHT-PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)MINI-LECTURESECTION AIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes onthe important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after themini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutesto complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure theword(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in orderto convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.First category: vocal paralinguistic featuresA.(1)__________: to express attitude or intention (1)__________B.Examples1. whispering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2)_________: unimportance (2)__________4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacySecond category: physical paralinguistic featuresC.facial expressionsa)(3)_______ (3)__________----- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcomeless common expressionsb)----- eye brow raising: surprise or interest----- lip biting: (4)________ (4)_________D.gesturegestures are related to culture.a)British culture----- shrugging shoulders: (5) ________ (5)__________----- scratching head: puzzlementb)other cultures----- placing hand upon heart:(6)_______ (6)__________1 / 21----- pointing at nose: secretE.proximity, posture and echoinga)proximity: physical distance between speakers----- closeness: intimacy or threat----- (7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_________Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)________ -specific. (8)_________b)posture----- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate(9)_____ (9)________----- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitudec)echoing----- definition: imitation of similar posture----- (10)______: aid in communication (10)___________----- conscious imitation: mockerySECTION BINTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answereach of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1.According to Dr Johnson, diversity meansA. merging of different cultural identities.B. more emphasis on homogeneity.C. embracing of more ethnic differences.D. acceptance of more branches of Christianity.2.According to the interview, which of the following statements in CORRECT?A. Some places are more diverse than others.B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.D. American is a truly diverse country.3.According to Dr Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025?A. MaineB. SelinsgroveC. PhiladelphiaD. California2 / 214. During the interview Dr Johnson indicates thatA. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations.B. both older and younger populations are racially diverse.C. age diversity could lead to pension problems.D. older populations are more racially diverse.5. According to the interview, religious diversityA. was most evident between 1990 and 2000.B. exists among Muslim immigrants.C. is restricted to certain places in the US.D. is spreading to more parts of the country.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answerthe question.Now listen to the news.6.What is the main idea of the news item?A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Question 7 and 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds toanswer the questions.Now listen to the news.7.Which of the following is mentioned as the government's measure to control inflation?A. Foreign investment.B. Donor support.C. Price control.D. Bank prediction.8.According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?3 / 21A. 20 million percent.B. 2.2 million percent.C. 11.2 million percent.D. Over 11.2 million percent.Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds toanswer the question.Now listen to the news.9.Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D. A big fire took place on two floors.10. The likely cause of the big fire isA. electrical short-cut.B. lack of fire-satefy measures.C. terrorism.D. not known.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read thepassages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AStill, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 fromCalcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heardanyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not itsmodern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on televisionmonitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high woodenwheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government hasbeen talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on theground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see “one man sweating and straining to pullanother man.”But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern city'straffic and, particularly, on its image. “Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,”the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee,said in a press conference in 2006. “Our city stands for prosperity and development.”The chief minister—the4 / 21equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from thestreets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from theyoung backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place inthe city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for theevening.) It's the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just anotch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimesinaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in arickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then betaken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or cornerstores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of livechickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even theaxle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers toldme their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child toschool and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn't need torrential rainto begin backing up. Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata “if a stray cat pees, there's a flood.”During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn't be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers' waists. When it's raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, “When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.”While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states,according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India's 20 largest states, Bihar finisheddead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in adera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal untilyou've visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees forthe use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing astreet where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in arickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they considerit not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of theeditorial pages of Kolkata's Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keepinghand-pulled rickshaws on the road. “I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,”he said, “but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.”Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government's plan to rid the city of rickshaws was basedon a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, “If5 / 21you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.”Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered somethingin its place. As migrant workers, they don't have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata's sidewalk hawkers,who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks,selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. “The government was the government of the poor people,”one sardar told me. “Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods,out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will beallowed to die out naturally as they're supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, afterall, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has beendelayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has beenpart of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.”One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.“Which option has been chosen?”I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.“That hasn't been decided,”he said.“When will it be decided?”“That hasn't been decided,”he said.11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPTA. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchasesD. carrying people over short distances.12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13. That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar”(4 paragraph) means that even so,A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.6 / 21D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware peopleA. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15. Which of the following statements conveys the author's sense of humor?A. “…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.”(2 paragraph)B. “…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you've visited a dera.”(4 paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.”(7 paragraph).D.“…or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.”(6 paragraph)16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggestA. the uncertainty of the court's decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democraticof institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in andpractice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy élite security lines and priorityboarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul theJetway.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a$52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most majorAmerican theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important thanyou, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief,that when playing in Canada--get this--we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else.Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among theearly adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhonepurchasers offered to pay waiters or placeholders to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.7 / 21Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinarypeople. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an A T&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m.before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. Andbillionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he'sfirst driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least theride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S.lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. AlabamaSenator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants o cut in lineahead of millions of people.Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in frontof an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have toqueue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was somethingabout the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility duringthe Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 perflight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted A boarding pass when thatairline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line whenhe or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizenof the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyonewas queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, whodon't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily.For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay aplaceholder --what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: We wait. We arebored.17. What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidlybecoming the exclusive province of suckers…Poor suckers, mostly.”(2 paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America's democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.8 / 2119. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen)A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20. What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Teasing.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering theblue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the caféof his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeedit was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marblefront were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced tothe last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of whitenapery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak,the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how manyunits of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress( fivefeet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to thetable in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conqueredhalf the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there. It seemed with humanity. Themarble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. Thegloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphereinside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis,once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favouritefloor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremoloeffects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: “For one, sir? This way, please,”Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21. That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel”suggests thatA. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.9 / 21B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the caféwas based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPTA. “…turned Babylonian”.B. “perhaps a new barbarism'.C. “acres of white napery”.D. “balanced to the last halfpenny”.23. In its context the statement that “the place was built for him”means that the caféwas intended toA. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The caféappealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The caféwas both full of people and full of warmth.C. The inside of the caféwas contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the caféowners.25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT thatA. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the caféis compared to warm countries.26. The author's attitude to the caféisA. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DI Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe's last10 / 21pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can't do anything about. But the truth is, once you're off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they're all bad, so Iceland's natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants. For them the land has always just been there, something that hadto be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the “Mona Lisa.”When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world's richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the proj-ect's advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country's century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one's sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. “Smelter or death.”The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.“We have to live,”Halldór &Aacute;sgrímsson said in his sad, sonorous voice. Halldór, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. “We have a right to live.”27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something ofA. environmental value.B. commercial value.C. potential value for tourism.D. great value for livelihood.28. What is Iceland's old-aged advocates' feeling towards the Alcoa project?A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B. The project would lower life expectancy.11 / 21C. The project would cause environmental problems.D. The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPTA. fewer fishing companies.B. fewer jobs available.C. migration of young people.D. impostion of fishing quotas.30. The 4 paragraph in the passage。

2019年英语专业八级真题 专八 专8 8级 八级

2019年英语专业八级真题 专八 专8 8级 八级

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2019)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN]SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now, listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work. SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the first interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the first interview.1. A. Environmental issues.B. Endangered species.C. Global warming.D. Conservation.2. A. It is thoroughly proved.B. ft is definitely very serious.C. It is just a temporary variation.D. It is changing our ways of living.3. A. Protection of endangered animals* habitats.B. Negative human impact on the environment.C. Frequent abnormal phenomena on the earth.D. The woman’s indifferent attitude to the earth.4. A. Nature should take its course.B. People take things for granted.C. Humans are damaging the earth.D. Animals should stay away from zoos.5. A. Objective.B. Pessimistic.C. Skeptical.D. Subjective.Now, listen to the second interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the second interview.6. A. Teachers’ resistance to change.B. Students’ inadequate ability to read.C. Teachers’ misunderstanding of such literacy.D. Students ’ indifference to the new method.7. A. Abilities to complete challenging tasks.B. Abilities to learn subject matter knowledge.C. Abilities to perform better in schoolwork.D.Abilities to perform disciplinary work.8. A. Recalling specific information.B. Understanding particular details.C. Examining sources of information.D.Retelling a historical event.9. A. Engaging literacy and disciplinary experts in the program.B. Helping teachers understand what disciplinary literacy is.C. Teaching disciplinary discourse practices by literacy teachers.D. Designing learning strategies with experts from both sides.10. A. To argue for a case.B. To discuss a dispute.C. To explain a problem.D. To present details.PART II READING COMPREHENSION [45 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1) When it came to concealing his troubles, Tommy Wilhelm was not less capable than die next fellow. So at least he thought, and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up. He had once been an actor^ no, not quite, an extra — and he knew what acting should be. Also, he was smoking a cigar, and when a man is smoking a cigar, wearing a hat, he has an advantage; it is harder to find out how he feels. He came from the twenty-third floor down to the lobby on the mezzanine to collect his mail before breakfast, and he believed^ he hoped — that he looked passably well: doing all right. It was a matter of sheer hope, because there was not much that he could add to his present effort. On the fourteenth floor he looked for his father to enter the elevator; they often met at this hour, on the way to breakfast. If he worried about his appearanc e it was mainly for his old father’s sake. But there was no stop on the fourteenth, and the elevator sank and sank. Then the smooth door opened and the great dark-red uneven carpet that covered the lobby billowed toward Wilhelm’s feet. In the foreground th e lobby was dark, sleepy. French drapes like sails kept out the sun, but three high, narrow windows were open, and in the blue air Wilhelm saw a pigeon about to light on the great chain that supported the marquee of the movie house directly underneath the lobby. For one moment he heard the wings beating strongly.(2) Most of the guests at the Hotel Gloriana were past the age of retirement. Along Broadway in the Seventies, Eighties, and Nineties, a great part of New York’s vast population of old men and women lives. Unless the weather is too cold or wet they fill the benches about the tiny railed parks and along the subway gratings from Verdi Square to Columbia University, they crowd the shops and cafeterias, the dime stores, the tearooms, the bakeries, the beauty parlors, the reading rooms and club rooms. Among these old people at the Gloriana, Wilhelm felt out ofplace. He was comparatively young, in his middle forties, large and blond, with big shoulders; his back was heavy and strong, if already a little stooped or thickened. After breakfast the old guests sat down on the green leather armchairs and sofas in the lobby and began to gossip and look into the.papers; they had nothing to do but wait out the day. But Wilhelm was used to an active life and liked to go out energetically in the morning. And for several months, because he had no position, he had kept up his morale by rising early; he was shaved and in the lobby by eight o'clock. He bought the paper and some cigars and drank a Coca-Cola or two before he went in to breakfast with his father. After breakfast 一 out, out, out to attend to business. The getting out had in itself become the chief business. But he had realized that he could not keep this up much longer, and today he was afraid. He was aware that his routine was about to break up and he sensed that a huge trouble long presaged (预感)but till now formless was due. Before evening, he'd know.(3) Nevertheless he followed his daily course and crossed the lobby.(4) Rubin, the man at the newsstand, had poor eyes. They may not have been actually weak but they were poor in expression, with lacy lids that furled down at the comers. He dressed well. It didn't seem necessary 一 he was behind the counter most of the time — but he dressed very well. He had on a rich brown suit; the cuffs embarrassed the hairs on his small hands. He wore a Countess Mara painted necktie. As Wilhelm approached, Rubin did not see him; he was looking out dreamily at the Hotel Ansonia, which was visible from his comer, several blocks away. The Ansonia, the neighborhood^ great landmark, was built by Stanford White. It looks like a baroque palace from Prague or Munich enlarged a hundred times, with towers, domes, huge swells and bubbles of metal gone green from exposure, iron fretwork and festoons. Black television antennae are densely planted on its round summits. Under the changes of weather it may look like marble or like sea water, black as slate in the fog, white as tufa in sunlight. This morning it looked like the image of itself reflected in deep water, white and cumulous above, with cavernous distortions underneath. Together, the two men gazed at it.(5) Then Rubin .said，“Your dad is in to breakfast already, the old gentleman.”“Oh，yes? Ahead of me today?”‘nat’s a real knocked-out shirt you got on，’’ said Rubin. “Where’s it from，Saks?”“No, it’s a Jack Fagman —Chicago.”(6) Even when his spirits were low, Wilhelm could still wrinkle his forehead in a pleasing way. Some of the slow，silent movements of his face were very attractive. He went back a step, as if to stand away from himself and get a better look at his shirt. His glance was comic, a comment upon his untidiness. He liked to wear good clothes, but once he had put it on each article appeared to go its own way. Wilhelm, laughing，panted a little; his teeth were small; his cheeks when he laughed and puffed grew round, and he looked much younger than his years. In the old days when he was a college freshman and wore a beanie (无檐小帽）on his large blonde head his father used to say that，big as he was，he could charm a bird out of a tree. Wilhelm had great charm still.(7) “I like this dove-gray color,” he said in his sociable，good-natured way. “It isn’t washable. You have to send it to the cleaner. It never smells as good as washed. But it，s a nice shirt. It cost sixteen, eighteen bucks.*'11. Wilhelm hoped he looked all right on his way to the lobby because he wanted to _ ____ .A. leave a good impressionB. give his father a surpriseC. show his acting potentialD. disguise his low spirit12. Wilhelm had something in common with the old guests in that they all ________ .A. lived a luxurious lifeB. liked to swap gossipsC. idled their time awayD. liked to get up early13. How did Wilhelm feel when he was crossing the lobby (Para. 2)?A. He felt something ominous was coming.B. He was worried that his father was late.C. He was feeling at ease among the old.D. He was excited about a possible job offer.14. Which part of Rubin’s clothes made him look particularly awkward (Para. 4)?A. The necktie.B. The cuffs.C. The suit.D. The shirt.15. What can we learn from the author’s description of Wilhelm’s clothes?A. His shirt made him look better.B. He cared much about his clothes.C. He looked like a comedian in his shirt.D. The clothes he wore never quite matched.PASSAGE TWO(1) By the 1840s New York was the leading commercial city of the United States. It had long since outpaced Philadelphia as the largest city in the country, and even though Boston continued to be venerated as the cultural capital of the nation, its image had become somewhat languid; it had not kept up with the implications of the newly industrialized economy, of a diversified ethnic population, or of the rapidly rising middle class. New York was the place where the “new” America was coming into being, so it is hardly surprising that the modem newspaper had its birth there.(2) The penny paper had found its first success in New York. By the mid-1830s Ben Day s Sunwas drawing readers from all walks of life. On the other hand, the Sun was a scanty sheet providing little more than minor diversions; few today would call it a newspaper at all. Day himself was an editor of limited vision, and he did not possess the ability or the imagination to climb the slopes to loftier heights. If real newspapers were to emerge from the public's demand for more and better coverage, it would have to come from a youthful generation of editors for whom journalism was a totally absorbing profession, an exacting vocational ideal rather than a mere offshoot of job printing.(3) By the 1840s two giants burst into the field, editors who would revolutionize journalism, would bring the newspaper into the modem age, and show how it could be influential in the national life. These two giants, neither of whom has been treated kindly by history, were James Gordon Bennett and Horace Greeley. Bennett founded his New York Herald in 1835, less than two years after the appearance of the Sun. Horace Greeley founded his Tribune in 1841. Bennett and Greeley were the most innovative editors in New York until after the Civil War. Their newspapers were the leading American papers of the day, although for completely different reasons. The two men despised each other, although not in the ways that newspaper editors had despised one another a few years before. Neither was a political hack bonded to a political party. Greeley fancied himself a public intellectual. He had strong political views, and he wanted to run for office himself, but party factotum he could never be; he bristled with ideals and causes of his own devising. Officially he was a Whig (and later a Republican), but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party. Bennett, on the other hand, had long since cut his political ties, and although his paper covered local and national politics fully and he went after politicians with hammer and tongs, Bennett was a cynic, a distruster of all settled values. He did not regard himself as an intellectual, although in fact he was better educated than Greeley. He thought himself only a hard-boiled newspaperman. Greeley was interested in ideas and in what was happening to the country. Bennett was only interested in his newspaper. He wanted to find out what the news was, what people wanted to read. And when he found out he gave it to them.(4) As different as Bennett and Greeley were from each other they were also curiously alike. Both stood outside the circle of polite society, even when they became prosperous, and in Bennett’s case, wealthy. Both were incurable eccentrics. Neither was a gentleman. Neither conjured up the picture of a successful editor. Greeley was unkempt, always looking like an unmade bed. Even when he was nationally famous in the 1850s he resembled a clerk in a third-rate brokerage house, with slips of paper —marked-up proofs perhaps — hanging out of his pockets or stuck in his hat. He became fat, was always nearsighted, always peering over spectacles. He spoke in a high-pitched whine Not a few people suggested that he lookedexactly like the illustrations of Charles Dickens’s Mr. Pickwick. G reeley provided a humorous description of himself, written under the pretense that it had been the work of his long-time adversary James Fenimore Cooper. The editor was, according to the description, a half-bald, long-legged, slouching individual “so rocki ng in gait that he walks down both sides ofthe street at once.”(5) The appearance of Bennett was somewhat different but hardly more reassuring. A shrewd, wiry Scotsman, who seemed to repel intimacy, Bennett looked around atthe world with a squinty glare of suspicion. His eyes did not focus right. They seemed to fix themselves on nothing and everything at the same time. He was as solitary as an oyster, the classic loner. He seldom made close friendships and few people trusted him, although nobody who had dealings with him, however brief, doubted his abilities. He, too, could have come out of a book of Dickensian eccentrics, although perhaps Ebenezer Scrooge or Thomas Gradgrind comes to mind rather than the kindly old Mr. Pickwick. Greeley was laughed at but admired; Bennett was seldom laughed at but never admired; on the other hand, he had a hard professional competence and an encyclopedic knowledge of his adopted country, an in-depth learning uncorrupted by vague idealisms. All of this perfectly suited him for the journalism of this confusing age.(6) Both Greeley and Bennett had served long, humiliating and disappointing apprenticeships in the newspaper business. They took a long time getting to the top, the only reward for the long years of waiting being that when they had their own newspapers, both knew what they wanted and firmly set about getting it. When Greeley founded the Tribune in 1841 he had the strong support of the Whig party and had already had a short period of modest success as an editor. Bennett, older by sixteen years, found solid commercial success first, but he had no one behind him except himself when he started up the Herald in 1835 in a dingy cellar room at 20 Wall Street. Fortunately this turned out to be quite enough.16. Which of the following is NOT the author’s opinion on Ben Day and his Sun (Para. 2)7A. Sun had once been a popular newspaper.B. Sun failed to be a high-quality newspaper.C. Ben Day lacked innovation and imagination.D. Ben Day had striven for better coverage.17. Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Greeley’s or Bennett’s politicalstance (Para. 3)7A. Greeley and Bennett were both strong supporters of their party.B. Greeley, as a Whig member, believed in his party’s ideals.C. Bennett, as an independent, loathed established values.D. Greeley and Bennett possessed different political values.18. Which of the following figures of speech was used to describe Greeley’s manner of walking (Para. 4)?A. Exaggeration.B. Paradox.C. Analogy.D. Personification.19. In Para. 5 Bennett was depicted as a man who _____________A. had stronger capabilities than GreeleyB. possessed a great aptitude for journalismC. was in pursuit of idealism in journalismD. was knowledgeable about his home country20. How was Greeley different from Bennett according to Para. 6?A. He had achieved business success first.B. He started his career earlier than Bennett.C. He got initial support from a political party.D. He had a more humiliating apprenticeship.PASSAGE THREE(1) Why make a film about Ned Kelly? More ingenious crimes than those committed by the reckless Australian bandit are reported every day. What is there in Ned Kelly to justify dragging the mesmeric Mick Jagger so far into the Australian bush and away from his natural haunts? The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata.(2) A bandit inhabits a special realm of legend where his deeds are embroidered by others; where his death rather than his life is considered beyond belief; where the men who bring him to “justice” are afflicted with doubts about their role.(3) The bandits had a role to play as definite as that of the authorities who condemned them. Thesewere men in conflict with authority, and, in the absence of strong law or the idea of loyal opposition, they took to the hills. Even there, however, many of them obeyed certain unwritten rules.(4)These robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly, a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from. They didn't steal the peasant’s harvest; they did steal the lord’s.(5) And certain characteristics seem to apply to “social bandits’’ whether they were in Sicily or Peru. They were generally young men under the age of marriage, predictably the best age for dissidence. Some were simply the surplus male population who had to look for another source of income; others were runaway serfs or ex-soldiers; a minority, though the most interesting, were outstanding men who were unwilling to accept the meek and passive role of peasant.(6) They usually operated in bands between ten and twenty strong and relied for survival on difficult terrain and bad transport. And bandits prospered best where authority was merely local — over the next hill and they were free. Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a taste for flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants’ religious beliefs and superstitions.(7) The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry as a victim o f injustice; and when he then set out to “right wrongs”, first his own and then other people’s. The classic bandit then “takes from the rich and gives to the poor” in conformity with his own sense of social injustice; he never kills except in self-defense or justifiable revenge; he stays within his community and even returns to it if he can to take up an honorable place; his people admire and help to protect him; he dies through the treason of one of them; he behaves as if invisible and invulnerable; he is a “loyalist”, never the enemy of the king but only of the local oppressors.(8) None of die bandits lived up fully to this image of the “noble robber” and for many the claim of larger motives was often a delusion.(9) Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance with this idealist pattern. Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized. Many of their charitable acts later became legends.(10) Far from being defeated i n death, bandits’ reputation for invincibility was often strengthened by the manner of their dying. The “dirty little coward” who shot Jesse James in the back is in every ballad about him, and the implication is that nothing else could have brought Jesse down. Even when the police claimed the credit, as they tried to do at first with Giuliano’s death, the local people refused to believe it. And not just the bandit’s vitality prompts the people to refuse to believe that their hero has died; his death would b e in some way the death of hope.(11) For the traditional ‘‘noble robber” represents an extremely primitive form of social protest, perhaps the most primitive there is. He is an Individual who refuses to bend his back, that is all. Most protesters will eventually be bought over and persuaded to come to terms with the official power. That is why the few who do not, or who are believed to have remained uncontaminated, have so great and passionate a burden of admiration and longing laid upon them. They cannot abolish oppression. But they do prove that justice is possible, that poor men need not be humble, helpless and meek.(12) The bandit in the real world is rooted in peasant society and when its simple agricultural system is left behind so is he. But the tales and legends, the books and films continue to appear for an audience that is neither peasant nor bandit. In some ways the characters and deeds of the great bandits could so readily be the stuff of grand opera - Don Jose in “Carmen” is based on the Andalusian bandit El Empranillo. But they are perhaps more at home in folk songs, in popular tales and the ritual dramas of films. When we sit in the darkness of the cinema to watch the bold deeds of Ned Kelly we are caught up in admiration for their strong individuality, their simple gesture of protest, their passion for justice and their confidence that they cannot be beaten. This sustains us nearly as much as it did the almost hopeless people from whom they sprang.21. Which of the following words is NOT intended to suggest approval of bandits?A. Bold (Para. 1).B. Claimed (Para. 4).C. Legend (Para. 2).D. Loyalty (Para. 4).22. Of the following reasons which is the LEAST likely one for becoming bandits?A. They liked theatrical clothes and behavior.B. They wanted to help the poor country folk.C. They were unwilling to accept injustice.D. They had very few careers open to them.23. ... began their careers harshly victimized” (Para. 9) means that they_____________ .A.had received excessive ill-treatmentB. were severely punished for their crimesC. took to violence through a sense of injusticeD. were misunderstood by their parents and friends24. What has made bandits suitable as film heroes is that they ___________ .A. are sure they are invincibleB. possess a theatrical qualityC. retain the virtues of a peasant societyD. protest against injustice and inequalitySECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE25. In and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up (Para. 1)”, what does “evidence” refer to?26. What is Wilhelm’s characteristic that has never changed all those years according to Para. 6? PASSAGE TWO27. Summarize in your own words the meaning of the italicized part in the last sentence of Para. 2.28. What does but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party” mean according to the context (Para. 3)?29. What is the similarity between Bennett and Greeley according to Paras. 4 and 5?11PASSAGE THREE30. Write down TWO features of the idealist petten* (ptr* 9)31. Whet does “hope” mean according to the context (Part.*0- * hi* back mean (Para. 11)7 32. What does “He is an individual who refuse* to12FAfn MIIB sms? Thf pmm#rumMfhTUNrmrrt Bath indkmfi a mmmmm oss jr … j. path taw, mty ONE word in involved You should proofread dm p o t t a g e a n d ::nw- a m da fotUtwing wayf'tir i wtwig word, undertint the wrong word md wide dre correct me ■ At faintprovided K the end of the Hoe.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a ~A m a g p and write Ae word you believeto be massing in the blank provided at Ac tad of die line, For an imneoesfiarv word, cross die unnecessary word with a slash and put the wont in Ae blank providedat Ae end of die line.Exampletj _____ ML_ (2) never (3) exhibit When A art museum wants a new exhibit, it never buysthings in finished form and hangs them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, itmust often build it. Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET THREE as instructed.13PART IV TRANSLATION t [20 MIN]Translate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.白洋淀曾有"北国扛南"的说法，但村舍的形制自具特色，与江南截然不同。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
phone tex由 ℃ ,and now blogs。 All tⅡ s renects a trend th犹 the Wα Ⅰd峦 becO1Fung more fomal h hoW⒒ co∏ mmcates。 hste耐 of body language and endless∞ nve‘ a¨
9。 答 案 为 u血Vo吨ant/useless/urlprofessionay“ 咄〃 undes屺 d,本 题 为 归 纳 题 。
文 中提到有 时间写博 客 的人 没有 什 么好说 的 ,而 有 东西 写 的人 又没有 足够 的时
间去写 ,因 此看博 客 的人也许 得 不 到想要 的专 门知 识 。从 这些 字 句 中我们 可 以
目的为表达 自己的思想并得到赞扬 ,使 外界 的人认 为他们是有 思想 的人 ,因 雨可 以得 出本题答案为 expressio11and reC叫
栖~替 案为 加凹ct/hⅡ uence,本 题 为 要 点 题"t。0n从。 原 文 (哂 ,let’ s切泗 a bok乱
mJe Lmact。 f personan blogs。 )可 以得 出答案 。但考生需注意 ,根 据题意不要 用 复 欺形式 。
拷 贝 型 ,也 可 做 适 当 总 结 。从 原 文 (Most people don’ t have vew much to sa,y
that’ s龇eres血g,and/or are unablO ω w五 te dowrlthek ideas h a∞ mpe⒒ ⒒g and
dear maJlner。 )可 以得 出答案 。
Jccε %叼
oNLy。 吼 仂 J话 J‘犰讠ηg, 哆d匕ε%oJ冫‘⒎so⒑ 汕刀 矽m,or圮 锡Jpo讠ηJs。 y。%r%。 ε6v讠rJ moε bε
Gr七εd, b%B Vo勿 QI’讠JJ mgα讠厶h"%JO c0”V9JeJε G gGpJ仞 讠ηg泅 七o⒑ ANsWEn sHEEr oNE犭 "讠
以找到对应 的答案 。考生 必 须从讲 座 一开始 就集 中精 神 。但 如 果 错 过 了信 息 , 也可在接下去 的主题 内容 中概括得 出结论 。
卫。答案为 v舶ous/an⒒ 1ds。 f,本 题 为细节题 ,属 于转换 词 性 型 。需 要 考 生 根 据题 意要求做 适 当修 改 ,使 之 在 语 法 语 义 上 都 切 合 上 下 文 (原 文 是 Hogs nm the
泅 黯△弘 ¨ ,… …… …亠 …… ρ沌do0"
3.Ⅱupact of b1ogs
A:
ˉ-share kno"。 and咖 。
ˉ-posi汝电’ talents&expe⒒ 抬e
— better h山 m。 sα:h订 &auth0r。
D:
,
— mⅢmesthg,沁Ⅱ¤ ˉˉreaders not get des屺 d咖 。
·亠 “¨
铽
吨啜
,嘁
耥
瘳
back, and keephg your￡ nger on th。 pdse, as reade¤s react to Ce」 比吐n phces, sug·
gest stO1y Ⅱeas,etc。 )得 出答 案 。
8。 答案 为 much to sγ /汛ere曲g Ⅱeas/⒒o】驷ng ideas,本 题 为细节题 ,属 于直 接
归纳 出看博 客 的人 只能得到不重要 的/没 有 什 么用 的/不 专业 的/琐 碎 的/不 想要
的信息 。 10。 答案为 d峦ordered/h引med/bre犯 hed,本 题为细节题 ,属 于变换思维角度 型 。原
文为 (。 ¨TⅡ s ma/y曲⒃rder our legal system to some degree。 ),主 语 为博 客作 为
ˉˉeasy to start, hard to Π砭Ⅱn诬菹n
power。 weapoIls to aun￡ k others-曲 ∞rder IegaI sys。
∵∷
水 答案与讲解
蓝。答案为 bbg或 bbg cd洫 ,本 题为要点题,是 本文的主旨。从讲座第一句话中 (Good moΠ 血 g,today I’ d山e to汛 cuss wlth you the phenomenon of uog)就 可
Pmut of topics。 )。
5.答 案为 featⅢy pohycharacte峦 uc,本 题为推断题。考生根据原文信息(What 曲e best hm碱 duaI bl。gs tend to hwe h∞ muon o Ⅶ屺e。 ¨),推 断得 出答案 。但
需注意语法 ,根 据题意答案不要 用复数形式 。
岫 g coΠuuentaw on cuHent events h a spec扭 c arena, a senes of pe△ ona1彐musˉ
”
找答案为 co11morl codes/a∞ mm code,本 题 为细节题 ,属 于苴接 拷 贝型 。考生
可根据原文信 息 (T№re心 a“ cO1runoFt code” :¨ 。)得 出答 案 : §。答案为 emres。m and reco驷血on,本 题 为 归 纳题 。文 中列 举 了搏 客作 者 写作 的
⒒ h抬 resthg that some of the most蕊驷 ncant‘ revdu伍 or1s’ of the last twenty yems
have an haκ 】to do γ吐th耐 t晚 ?】F⒌rst we had e口n眨刂【,then webpa,ges,then mobⅡ e
扔 冖BJac‰仇 讠-J∞ ε勿叼 。 E/sε J切 D圮η七s,0ecε ror moJ⒏ J砒讠7叫⒐。
№ Q',J犭 Ⅱsε c'71Jo氵 × J勹 9ooo彳 ;?1讠 -J∞ Ja‘?飞乡。
BIog CuIture
Good mo咖 g9today I’ d⒒ke to(Ⅱ scuss Ⅵ注th you the phenomenon of blog∶ Isn’ t
攻击 别人 的武器这个事实 ,但 根据题 目,主 语 变成 了 our legal system,因 此要 用
被动语 态 。
script of Practice10
ar抛 ONCE o%V仞 z仂 丿℃o仇峦 sεC莎仍η ″
J PlcGr G Ⅱ 讠%讠 -Jcc抄 v田 nε 。 奶 饬 Qv犭记
7。 答案为 ge喊吨 feedback/ge掀 蝴 rmm△ ’reac№ Fls,本 题 为细节题 ,属 于直接拷 贝
狂 .也 可做适 当总结 。可 根 据 原 文 (Hogs mrL be a pos泔℃ wa,y of雾 缸吒 feed-
/r
英语 专业八级昕 力滇空玫略 ∵¨……………¨…
uor【s, corrmWucation has sⅡ凡ed towards endess words on a screen∶ Π“;uy,what is a blog,anyway?Generany opeamg,⒒ ’san o州 匝⒑joumal com-
pⅡsed of⒒d6and pog⒒ngs h reverse chronolo臣 cal order,meanmg the most recent posting∷ appe灬 at the top of the page。 I;logs run the ga1nut of topics。 One may be a
相关文档
最新文档