材料科学基础_概念中英文

合集下载

材料科学基础_概念中英文

材料科学基础_概念中英文

材料科学基础_概念中英文材料科学基础重要概念(中英文)晶体学基础晶体学(crystallography)布喇菲点阵(Bravais lattice)晶体生成学(crystallogeny)体心化(body centering)晶体结构学(crytallogy)底心化(base centering)晶体化学(crystallochemistry)特殊心化(special centering)晶体结构(crystal structure)晶面(crystal plane)点阵平移矢量(lattice translation vector)晶(平)面指数(crystal – plane indice)初级单胞(primitive cell)晶带(zone)点阵常数(lattice parameter)倒易空间(reciprocal space)对称变换(symmetry translation)参考球(reference sphere)主动操作(active operation)经线(longitude)国际符号(international notation)赤道平面(equator plane)点对称操作(point symmetry operation)极网(pole net)旋转操作(rotation operation)结构基元(motif)二次旋转轴(two - fold axe, diad)晶体几何学(geometrical crystallography)四次旋转轴(four –fold axe, tetrad)晶体物理学(crystallographysics)镜像(mirror image)等同点(equivalent point)对形关系(enantiomorphic relation)点阵(lattice)反演(inversion)初基矢量(primitive translation vector)晶系(crystal system)复式初基单胞(multiple – primitive cell)单斜晶系(monoclinic system)对称元素(symmetry element)四方晶系(正方晶系)(tetragonal system)对称群(symmetry group)六方晶系(hexagonal system)被动操作(passive operation)熊夫利斯符号(Schoenflies notation)点阵有心化(centering of lattice)恒等操作(单位操作)(identity)面心化(face centering)旋转轴(rotation axe)单面心化(one – face centering)三次旋转轴(three – fold axe, triad)晶向(crystal direction)六次旋转轴(six – fold axe, hexad)晶向(方向)指数(crystal – direction indice)镜面(mirror plane)晶面族(form of crystal - plane)同宇(congruent)倒易点阵(reciprocal lattice)旋转反演(rotation - inversion)极射赤面投影(stereographic projection)三斜晶系(triclinic system)参考网络(reference grid)正交晶系(斜方晶系)(orthogonal system)纬线(latitude)立方晶系(cubic system)吴氏网(Wulff net)菱方晶系(rhombohedral system)标准投影网(standard projection)晶体结构晶体结构(crystal structure)鲍林规则(Pauling’s rule)结构符号(structure symbol)氧化物结构(oxide structure)致密度(空间填充效率)(efficiency of space 岩盐结构(rock structure)filling)纤维锌矿结构(wurtzite structure)配位数(coordination number)闪锌矿结构(zinc blende structure)配位多面体(coordination polyhedra)尖晶石结构(spinel structure)拓扑密堆相(topologically close –packed α-Al2O3型结构(corundum structure)phase)金红石结构(rutile structure)金属晶体(metal crystal)萤石结构(fluorite structure)离子晶体(ionic crystal)钙钛矿结构(perovskite structure)共价晶体(covalent crystal)钛铁矿结构(ilmenite structure)分子晶体(molecular crystal)氯化铯结构(cesium chloride structure)原子半径和离子半径(atomic radius and ionic 硅酸盐(silicate)radius)链状硅酸盐(chain silicate)原子结构体积(volume of structure per atom)层状硅酸盐(phyllo silicate)体密度(volumetric density,ρV)岛状硅酸盐(island silicate)面密度(planar density, ρP)骨架结构(framework structure)线密度(linear density, ρL)镁橄榄石结构(forsterite structure)金刚石结构(diamond structure)辉石(picrite)纳米碳管(carbon nano tube)粘土矿(clay mineral)置换固溶体(substitutional solid solution)高岭石(kaolinite)填隙固溶体(interstitial solid solution)云母(mica)尺寸因素(size factor)石英(quartz)价电子浓度(valance electron concentration)鳞石英(tridymite)电子化合物(electron compound)方石英(cristobalite)间隙化合物(interstitial compound)钙长石(anorthite)尺寸因素化合物(size–factor compound)分子筛(molecule sift)Laves相(Laves phase) 同素异构性(allotropy)σ相(σphase)多形性(polymorphism)有序固溶体(超结构)[ordered solid solution 准晶(quasicrystal)(super lattice) ] 彭罗斯拼砌(Penrose tiling)长程有序参数(long-range order parameter)短程有序参数(shot-range order parameter)晶体缺陷不完整性(imperfection)向错(disclination)点缺陷(point imperfection)沃特拉过程(V olterra’s process)空位(vacancy)刃型位错(edge dislocation)自间隙原子(self-interstitial)螺型位错(screw dislocation)构型熵(configuration entropy)混合型位错(mixed dislocation)肖脱基缺陷(Schottky defect)柏氏回路(Burgers circuit)弗兰克缺陷(Frenkel defect)柏氏矢量(Burgers vector)内禀点缺陷(intrinsic point defect)位错环(dislocation loop)非禀点缺陷(extrinsic point defect)位错密度(dislocation density)线缺陷(line imperfection)位错的弹性能(elastic energy of dislocation)位错(dislocation)位错线张力(tension of dislocation)位错宽度(width of dislocation)层错矢量(fault vector)保守运动(conservative motion)外延层错(extrinsic fault)非保守运动(nonconservative motion)层错能(stacking fault energy)滑移(slip)肖克莱部分为错(Shockley partial dislocation)滑动(glissile)铃木气团(Suzuki atmosphere)攀移(climb)弗兰克位错(Frank partial dislocation)自力(self-force)扩展位错(extended dislocation)渗透力(osmotic force)压杆位错(stair-rod partial dislocation)映像力(image force)Lomer-Cottrell 位错(Lomer-Cottrell弯结(kink)dislocation)割阶(jog)L-C阻塞(L-C Lock)柯垂尔气体(Cottrell atmosphere)赫斯阻塞(Hirth lock)史诺克气体(Snoek atmosphere)分位错(fractional dislocation)弗兰克-瑞德位错源(Frank-Read source)超点阵(superlattice)B-H位错源(Bardeen-Herring source)反相畴(Antiphase domain)位错塞积群(dislocation pile-up group)反相畴界(Antiphase boundary, APB)全位错(perfect dislocation)超位错(super-dislocation)堆垛层错(stacking fault)弗兰克-纳巴罗回路(Frank-Nabarro circuit)部分为错或不全位错(partial dislocation)向错强度(disclination strength)内禀层错(intrinsic fault)条纹织构(schlieren texture)表面能(surface energy) 适配(matching)晶界(grain boundary) 共格晶界(coherent boundary)小角度晶界(low angle grain boundary)非共格晶界(incoherent boundary)大角度晶界(high angle grain boundary 晶界迁移率(grain boundary mobility)倾转晶界(tilt boundary)取向关系(orientation relationship)扭转晶界(twist boundary)气泡(gas babble)相界(phase boundary) 空洞(void)扩散不可逆过程(irreversible process)传质过程(mass transport)扩散(diffusion)扩散距离(diffusion distance)唯象系数(phenomenological coefficient)间隙机制(interstitial mechanism)挤列结构(crowdion configuration)哑铃结构(dumbbell split configuration)空位机制(vacancy mechanism)换位机制(exchange mechanism)扩散流量(flux)参考系(reference frame)实验参考系(laboratory reference frame)点阵参考系(latticereference frame)菲克第一定律(Fick’s first law)菲克第二定律(Fick’s second law)扩散系数(diffusion coefficient)禀性扩散系数(intrinsic diffusion coefficient)互扩散系数(mutual diffusion coefficient)自扩散系数(self-diffusion coefficient)稳态扩散(steady state diffusion)Kirkendall 效应(Kirkendall effect)Matano 平面(Matano interface)热力学因子(thermodynamic factor)同位素(isotope)示踪物(tracer)扩散偶(diffusion couple)误差函数(error function)哑变量(dummy)数值方法(numerical method)有限差分(finite-difference)收敛性(convergence)截断误差(truncation error)舍入误差(round-off error)相关系数(correlation factor)高扩散率通道(high-diffusivity path)体扩散(volume diffusion)晶界扩散(grain boundary diffusion)位错扩散(dislocation diffusion)表面扩散(surface diffusion)迁移率(mobility)渗透率(permeability)凝固分配系数(partition coefficient)枝晶偏析(dendrite segregation)区域提纯(zone-refining)亚共晶合金(hypoeutectic alloy)胞晶的形成(cell formation)过共晶合金(hypereutectic alloy)胞状树枝晶(cellular dendrite)片状(lamellar)柱状树枝晶(columnar dendrite)棒状(rod-like)共晶凝固(eutectic solidification)共晶领域(eutectic colony)包晶凝固(peritectic solidification)伪共晶(pseudo-eutectic)偏析(segregation)离异共晶(divorced eutectic)熔焊(fusion welding)激冷区(chill zone)快速凝固(rapid solidification process)柱状晶区(columnar zone)连续铸造(continuous casting)等轴晶区(equiaxed zone)树枝状显微偏析(dendritic microsegregation)收缩晶区(shrinkage cavity)非平衡杠杆定律(non-equilibrium lever rule)疏松(porosity)组分过冷(constitutional supercooling)非金属夹杂物(non-metallic inclusion)胞状组织(cellular structure)熔池(weld pool)二次枝晶(secondary dendrite)混合区(composite region)一次支晶(primary dendrite)热影响区(heat-affected zone)。

材料科学基础 英文

材料科学基础 英文

材料科学基础英文## Materials Science Fundamentals.Introduction.Materials science is the study of the properties and applications of materials. It is a multidisciplinary field that draws on physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. Materials scientists seek to understand how the atomic and molecular structure of materials affects their properties, and how these properties can be tailored to meet specific needs.Classification of Materials.Materials can be classified into several broad categories based on their properties and applications:Metals: Metals are typically strong, ductile, and good conductors of electricity and heat. They include iron,steel, aluminum, and copper.Ceramics: Ceramics are hard, brittle, and resistant to heat and corrosion. They include glass, porcelain, andtiles.Polymers: Polymers are long, chain-like molecules that are flexible and lightweight. They include plastics, rubber, and fibers.Composites: Composites are made from two or more different materials that are combined to create a material with properties that are better than either of theindividual materials. Examples include fiberglass andcarbon fiber composites.Properties of Materials.The properties of materials are determined by their atomic and molecular structure. Some of the most important properties include:Strength: The ability of a material to resist deformation or fracture.Ductility: The ability of a material to be stretched or drawn into wires.Hardness: The ability of a material to resist scratching or abrasion.Toughness: The ability of a material to absorb energy without fracturing.Electrical conductivity: The ability of a material to conduct electricity.Thermal conductivity: The ability of a material to conduct heat.Corrosion resistance: The ability of a material to resist chemical attack.Applications of Materials.Materials are used in a wide variety of applications, including:Structural components: Metals, ceramics, and composites are used to build bridges, buildings, and other structures.Electronic devices: Metals, semiconductors, and polymers are used to make transistors, capacitors, and other electronic components.Medical devices: Ceramics, polymers, and metals are used to make implants, surgical instruments, and other medical devices.Transportation: Metals, composites, and polymers are used to make cars, airplanes, and other vehicles.Consumer products: Plastics, metals, and ceramics are used to make a wide variety of consumer products, including toys, appliances, and furniture.Materials Science Research.Materials science is a rapidly growing field, with new materials being developed all the time. Researchers are working to create materials that are stronger, lighter, more durable, and more efficient. This research is leading to new advances in a variety of fields, including:Renewable energy: Materials scientists are developing new materials for solar cells, wind turbines, and other renewable energy technologies.Medical technology: Materials scientists are developing new materials for implants, drug delivery systems, and other medical devices.Transportation: Materials scientists are developing new materials for lighter, more fuel-efficient vehicles.Consumer products: Materials scientists are developing new materials for more durable, more sustainable consumerproducts.Conclusion.Materials science is a vital field that plays a keyrole in our modern world. By understanding the properties and applications of materials, we can create new technologies that improve our lives and make the world a better place.## 材料科学基础。

重庆理工大学材料科学基础双语翻译第3章modified翻译

重庆理工大学材料科学基础双语翻译第3章modified翻译
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Review
1. Atomic structure结构 2. The two atomic models cited引用, and note the differences between them.
3. The important quantum-mechanical 量子力学principle原理 that relates to electron energies.
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Learing Objectives目的

Understand the concept概念 of unit cell (晶包) and know how to utilize使用 it to explain the crystal structures晶体 结构 of metals金属. Know what are the main three metallic crystal structures 金属晶体结构 and illustrate举例 how the atoms are arranged for为 做安排 FCC, BCC and HCP structures. Understand the concepts概念 of the crystallographic 结晶 的directions and planes (晶向和晶面); grasp 抓住the general 一般的steps in插入 determining 决定the index指 数 of a given crystal direction结晶定向 or plane面.

材料科学基础英语

材料科学基础英语

材料科学基础英语English: Materials science is a multidisciplinary field that focuses on the study of properties and applications of materials. It encompasses various areas such as chemistry, physics, engineering, and biology to understand the behavior of materials at the atomic and molecular levels. The field is crucial for the development of new materials with enhanced properties and performance, as well as for the improvement of existing materials. Materials scientists work on the synthesis, processing, and characterization of materials to achieve specific properties and functionalities. They also investigate the relationship between the structure of materials and their properties, which is essential for designing and engineering new materials for various applications, including electronics, medicine, energy, and more.中文翻译: 材料科学是一个跨学科领域,专注于研究材料的性质和应用。

材料科学基础专业词汇english

材料科学基础专业词汇english

材料科学基础专业词汇english1.Material - 材料2.Property - 性质3.Structure - 结构4.Morphology - 形态5.Phase - 相6.Alloy - 合金7.Polymer - 聚合物8.Ceramic - 陶瓷9.Glass - 玻璃10.Metal - 金属11.Semiconductor - 半导体12.Nanomaterial - 纳米材料posite - 复合材料14.Adhesive - 粘合剂15.Coating - 涂层16.Electrode - 电极17.Catalyst - 催化剂18.Poisoning - 毒化19.Oxidation - 氧化20.Corrosion - 腐蚀21.Fracture - 断裂22.Failure - 失效23.Stress - 应变24.Strain - 应变25.Elasticity - 弹性26.Plasticity - 塑性27.Strength - 强度28.Ductility - 延展性29.Malleability - 可锻性30.Resilience - 回弹性31.Thermal Expansion - 热膨胀32.Thermal Conductivity - 热导率33.Electrical Resistivity - 电阻率34.Magnetic Susceptibility - 磁导率35.Elastic Constant - 弹性常数36.Yield Point - 屈服点37.Tensile Strength - 抗拉强度pressive Strength - 抗压强度39.Shear Strength - 抗剪强度40.Impact Strength - 冲击强度41.Fatigue Limit - 疲劳极限42.Hardness - 硬度43.Wear Resistance - 耐磨性44.Electrical Conductivity - 导电性45.Magnetism - 磁性46.Optical Properties - 光学性质47.Thermal Properties - 热学性质48.Mechanical Properties - 机械性质49.Corrosion Resistance - 抗腐蚀性50.Surface Treatment - 表面处理。

材料科学基础名词解释中英

材料科学基础名词解释中英

《材料科学基础》名词解释AOrowan mechanism (奥罗万机制)位错绕过第二相粒子,形成包围第二相粒子的位错环的机制。

Austenite(奥氏体)碳在γ-Fe中形成的间隙固溶体称为奥氏体。

B布拉菲点阵除考虑晶胞外形外,还考虑阵点位置所构成的点阵。

Half-coherent interface(半共格相界)两相邻晶体在相界面处的晶面间距相差较大,则在相界面上不可能做到完全一一对应,于是在界面上将产生一些位错,以降低界面弹性应变能。

这时两相原子部分保持匹配,这样的界面称为半共格界面。

Sheet texture(板织构)轧板时形成的组织的择优取向。

Peritectic reaction(包晶反应)固相和液相生成另一成分的固溶体的反应Peritectic segregation(包晶偏析)新生成的固相的芯部保留残余的原有固相,新相本身成分也不均匀。

Peritectic phase diagram(包晶相图)具有包晶反应的相图Peritectoid reaction(包析反应)由两个固相反应得到一个固相的过程为包析反应。

Cellular structure(胞状结构)成分过冷区很小时,固相突出部分局限在很小区域内,不生成侧向枝晶。

Intrinstic diffusion coefficient(本征扩散系数)依赖热缺陷进行的扩散的扩散系数。

Transformed ledeburite(变态莱氏体)渗碳体和奥氏体组成的莱氏体冷却至727℃时奥氏体发生共析反应转变为珠光体,此时称变态莱氏体。

Deformation twins(变形孪晶)晶体通过孪生方式发生塑性变形时产生的孪晶(BCC,HCP)Chill zone(表层细晶区)和低温铸模模壁接触,强烈过冷形成的细小的方向杂乱的等轴晶粒细晶区。

Burger’s vector(柏氏矢量)表征位错引起的晶格点阵畸变大小和方向的物理量。

Asymmetric tilt boundary(不对称倾斜晶界)晶界两侧晶粒不对称的小角度晶界,界面含两套垂直的刃型位错。

材料科学与基础英文词汇

材料科学与基础英文词汇

材料科学基础名称与术语第一章绪论材料科学基础常用英语词汇材料的类型Typesofmaterials,metals,ceramics,polymers,composites,elastomer部分材料性质复习Reviewofselectedpropertiesofmaterials,电导率和电阻率conductivityandresistivity,热导率thermalconductivity,应力和应变stressandstrain,弹性应变elasticstrain,塑性应变plasticstrain,屈服强度yieldstrength,最大抗拉强度ultimatetensilestrength,最大强度ultimatestrength, 延展性ductility,伸长率elongation,断面收缩率reductionofarea,颈缩necking,断裂强度breakingstrength,韧性toughness,硬度hardness,疲劳强度fatiguestrength,蜂窝honeycomb,热脆性heatshortness,晶胞中的原子数atomspercell,点阵参数latticeparameter,密排六方hexagonalclose-packed,六方晶胞hexagonalunitcell,体心立方body-centeredcubic,面心立方face-centeredcubic,弥勒指数Millerindices,晶面crystalplane,晶系crystalsystem,晶向crystaldirection,相变机理Phasetransformationmechanism:成核生长相变nucleation–growthtransition,斯宾那多分解spinodaldecomposition,有序无序转变disordered-ordertransition, 马氏体相变martensitephasetransformation,成核nucleation,成核机理nucleationmechanism,成核势垒nucleationbarrier,晶核,结晶中心nucleusofcrystal,(金属组织的)基体quay,基体,基块,基质,结合剂matrix,子晶,雏晶mattedcrystal,耔晶,晶种seedcrystal,耔晶取向seedorientation, 籽晶生长seededgrowth,均质核化homogeneousnucleation,异质核化heterogeneousnucleation,均匀化热处理homogenizationheattreatment,熟料grog,自恰场self-consistentfield固溶体Solidsolution:有序固溶体orderedsolidsolution,无序固溶体disorderedsolidsolution,有序合金orderedalloy,无序合金disorderedalloy.无序点阵disorderedlattice,分散,扩散,弥散dispersal,分散剂dispersant, 分散剂,添加剂dispersantadditive,分散剂,弥散剂dispersantagent缺陷defect,imperfection,点缺陷pointdefect,线缺陷linedefect,dislocation,面缺陷interfacedefect,surfacedefect,体缺陷volumedefect,位错排列dislocationarrangement,位错阵列dislocationarray,位错气团dislocationatmosphere, 位错胞dislocationcell,位错爬移dislocationclimb,位错滑移dislocationslip,dislocationmovementbyslip,位错聚结dislocationcoalescence,位错核心能量dislocationcoreenergy,位错裂纹dislocationcrack,位错阻尼dislocationdamping,位错密度dislocationdensity,体积膨胀volumedilation,体积收缩volumeshrinkage,回火tempering,退火annealing,退火的,软化的softened, 软化退火,软化(处理)softening,淬火quenching,淬火硬化quenchinghardening,正火normalizing,normalization,退火织构annealingtexture,人工时效artificialaging,细长比aspectratio,形变热处理ausforming,等温退火austempering,奥氏体austenite,奥氏体化austenitizing,贝氏体bainite,马氏体martensite,马氏体淬火marquench,马氏体退火martemper,马氏体时效钢maragingsteel,渗碳体cementite,固溶强化solidsolutionstrengthening,钢屑混凝土steelchipsconcrete,水玻璃,硅酸钠sodiumsilicate,水玻璃粘结剂sodiumsilicatebinder,硅酸钠类防水剂sodiumsilicatewaterproofingagent,扩散diffusion,扩散系数diffusivity,相变phasetransition,烧结sintering,固相反应solid-phasereaction,相图与相结构phasediagramsandphasestructures,相phase,组分component,自由度freedom,相平衡phaseequilibrium,吉布斯相律Gibbsphaserule,吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy, 吉布斯混合能Gibbsenergyofmixing,吉布斯熵Gibbsentropy,吉布斯函数Gibbsfunction,相平衡phasebalance,相界phaseboundary,相界线phaseboundaryline,相界交联phaseboundarycrosslinking,相界有限交联phaseboundarycrosslinking,相界反应phaseboundaryreaction,相变phasechange,相组成phasecomposition,共格相phase-coherent,金相相组织phaseconstentuent,相衬phasecontrast,相衬显微镜phasecontrastmicroscope,相衬显微术phasecontrastmicroscopy,相分布phasedistribution,相平衡常数phaseequilibriumconstant,相平衡图phaseequilibriumdiagram,相变滞后phasetransitionlag,Al-Si-O-N系统相关系phaserelationshipsintheAl-Si-O-Nsystem,相分离phasesegregation,phaseseparation,玻璃分相phaseseparationinglasses,相序phaseorder,phasesequence,相稳定性phasestability,相态phasestate,相稳定区phasestabilerange,相变温度phasetransitiontemperature,相变压力phasetransitionpressure,同质多晶转变polymorphictransformation,相平衡条件phaseequilibriumconditions,显微结构microstructures, 不混溶固溶体immisciblesolidsolution,转熔型固溶体peritecticsolidsolution,低共熔体eutectoid,crystallization,不混溶性immiscibility,固态反应solidstatereaction,烧结sintering,相变机理Phasetransformationmechanism:成核生长相变nucleation–growthtransition,斯宾那多分解spinodaldecomposition,有序无序转变disordered-ordertransition,马氏体相变martensitephasetransformation,成核nucleation,成核机理nucleationmechanism,成核势垒nucleationbarrier,晶核,结晶中心nucleusofcrystal,(金属组织的)基体quay, 基体,基块,基质,结合剂matrix,子晶,雏晶mattedcrystal,耔晶,晶种seedcrystal,耔晶取向seedorientation,籽晶生长seededgrowth,均质核化homogeneousnucleation,异质核化heterogeneousnucleation,均匀化热处理homogenizationheattreatment,熟料grog,。

最新材料科学与工程基础知识点(打印版)英汉双语版

最新材料科学与工程基础知识点(打印版)英汉双语版

最新材料科学与⼯程基础知识点(打印版)英汉双语版Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering材料科学与⼯程基础知识点复习第⼀章绪论⼀、学习⽬的:材料科学家或⼯程技术⼈员经常遇到的问题是设计问题,⽽设计问题主要涉及机械、民⽤、化学和电。

⽽这些领域都要涉及到选择材料问题。

如何选择材料是⾮常重要的,选材包含两⽅⾯⼀个是满⾜性能要求,另⼀⽅⾯是成本低,即所谓“合理选材”。

材料的性能与其成分和内部的组织结构密切相关,材料的组织结构与加⼯过程有关。

本课程的⽬的就在于掌握加⼯过程和材料的组织结构以及性能之间的关系。

为今后进⾏材料设计和合理选材打下理论基础。

⼆、本章主要内容1、简介材料的发展史2、材料科学与⼯程的含义和内容3、材料的分类4、先进材料5、现代材料的需求三、重要术语和概念metal: ⾦属ceramic: 陶瓷polymer: 聚合物Composites: 复合材料Semiconductors: 半导体Biomaterials: ⽣物材料Processing: 加⼯过程Structure: 组织结构Properties: 性质Performance: 使⽤性能Mechanical properties: ⼒学性能Electrical properties: 电性能Thermal behavior: 热性能Magnetic properties: 磁性能Optical properties: 光性能Deteriorative characteristics: ⽼化特性第⼆章原⼦结构与化学键⼀、学习⽬的我们在⾃然界中观察到各种现象,归根结底是物质的不同表现形式,也就是说物质构成了世界。

⾃然界中所有物体均由化学元素及其化合物所组成,同样,各种固体材料也都是由⼀种或多种元素的原⼦结合⽽成的。

学习物质的原⼦结构和化学键合,是认识和研究各类材料在结构与性能⽅⾯所表现出来的个性和共性的基础,也是正确认识和理解材料的性能的重要依据。

重庆理工大学材料科学基础双语翻译第3章modified翻译

重庆理工大学材料科学基础双语翻译第3章modified翻译

Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering





Parallelism (平行, 对应, 类似) axe(轴) projection(投影) divide v. (除) multiply v.(乘) integer(整数) comma(逗点, 逗号) Enclose v.(装入) bracket(括弧) reduced(简化的)
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
be devoted to专心于: be dedicated to/ dealing with, being used for only one thing. 专于 Entity实体本质 n. pl. entities [c] something that exists as a single and complete unit 实体、整体
This Chapter will be devoted to (专于) the next level of 的等级 the structure of materials, specifically特别的, to some of the arrangements 安排that may be assumed 假定的 by atoms in the solid state固态. All metals金属, many ceramic materials陶瓷材料, and certain某些 polymers 聚合物form crystalline structures晶体结构 under normal 正常solidification 凝固 conditions条件. For those that do not crystallize使晶体, this longrange atomic order命令 is absent缺少; these noncrystalline非晶体 or amorphous非晶体物质 materials are discussed讨论 briefly 短暂at the end of this chapter.

工学]材料科学基础英文版

工学]材料科学基础英文版
• Atomic level: Arrangement of atoms in materials. • Nanostructure: the structure of material at a length-scale
of 100nm. • Microstructure: the structure of material at a length-scale
• Short-range atomic arrangements: the atoms of ions show a particular order only over relatively short distances.
7
2. Atomic Structure
• Atomic structure influences how atoms are bonded together.
13
• The complete set of quantum numbers for each of the 11 electrons in sodium.
3s1 electron 11 n=3, l=0, ml=0, ms=+1/2 or -1/2
{electron 10 n=2, l=1, ml=+1, ms= -1/2 electron 9 n=2, l=1, ml=+1, ms=+1/2
• Orbital (Azimuthal) quantum number l: describe the energy levels in each quantum shell. l=0,1,2,…,n-1. Magnetic quantum number ml: describes the number of energy levels for each orbital quantum number. –l, … +l

材料科学基础英文版

材料科学基础英文版

材料科学基础英文版Material Science Fundamentals。

Material science is an interdisciplinary field that explores the properties of materials and their applications in various industries. It combines elements of physics, chemistry, engineering, and biology to understand the behavior of materials at the atomic and molecular levels. This English version of the material science fundamentals aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the key concepts and principles in this field.1. Introduction to Material Science。

Material science is concerned with the study of materials and their properties. It encompasses the discovery, design, and development of new materials, as well as the investigation of existing materials for specific applications. The field is essential for the advancement of technology and innovation in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, electronics, and healthcare.2. Atomic Structure and Bonding。

【大学】材料科学基础(中英版)

【大学】材料科学基础(中英版)
Materials in first industrial revolution (1881-1935). Materials in second industrial revolution (1935-1980). Materials today – too,ooo,ooo… many (1980- ).
第21页
Materials science and engineering
The relationship between materials science and materials engineering
Materials science Why it has…
Materials engineering How to make…
Time: Location: Activities:
Present new study material Announce reading and homework Take quizzes
第4页
授课信息
授课人: 时间: 地点: 主要活动:
教授新课 布置作业 课堂测验
第5页
Recitations
第1Байду номын сангаас页
What is material?
Classifications of materials
Based on the chemical composition: Metals, Non-metal inorganic materials (ceramic mateials) Polymers, Composites
Materials, energy and information are the three pillars of current human civilization.

材料科学基础专有名词英文翻译

材料科学基础专有名词英文翻译

材料科学基础专有名词英文翻译Fundamentals of Materials Science 材料科学基础名词与术语第一章绪论metal: 金属ceramic: 陶瓷polymer: 聚合物Composites: 复合材料Semiconductors: 半导体Biomaterials: 生物材料Processing: 加工过程Structure: 组织结构Properties: 性质Performance: 使用性能Mechanical properties: 力学性能Electrical properties: 电性能Thermal behavior: 热性能Magnetic properties: 磁性能Optical properties: 光性能Deteriorativecharacteristics: 老化特性第二章原子结构与原子键Atomic mass unit (amu): 原子质量单位Atomic number: 原子数Atomic weight: 原子量Bohr atomic model: 波尔原子模型Bonding energy: 键能Coulombic force: 库仑力Covalent bond: 共价键Dipole (electric): 偶极子electronic configuration: 电子构型electron state: 电位Electronegative: 负电的Electropositive: 正电的Ground state: 基态Hydrogen bond: 氢键Ionic bond: 离子键Isotope: 同位素Metallic bond: 金属键Mole: 摩尔Molecule: 分子Pauli exclusion principle: 泡利不相容原理Periodic table: 元素周期表Polar molecule: 极性分子Primary bonding: 强键Quantum mechanics: 量子力学Quantum number: 量子数Secondary bonding: 弱键valence electron: 价电子van der waals bond: 范德华键Wave-mechanical model: 波粒二象性模型第三章金属与陶瓷的结构Allotropy: 同素异形现象Amorphous: 无定形Anion: 阴离子Anisotropy: 各向异性atomic packing factor(APF): 原子堆积因数body-centered cubic (BCC): 体心立方结构Bragg’s law: 布拉格定律Cation: 阳离子coordination number: 配位数crystal structure: 晶体结构crystal system: 晶系crystalline: 晶体的diffraction: 衍射face-centered cubic (FCC): 面心立方结构第五章晶体缺陷Alloy: 合金A metallic substance that is composed of two or more elements.由两种及以上元素组成的金属材料。

材料科学基础英文

材料科学基础英文

材料科学基础英文Materials science is a fascinating field that intertwines the properties of matter with its applications. It's the study of how the structure of materials at the atomic and molecular levels affects their overall properties.Understanding the atomic structure is crucial in materials science, as it dictates the material's hardness, strength, and electrical conductivity. This knowledge isvital for developing new materials that can withstand extreme conditions or perform specific functions.Advances in materials science have revolutionized industries such as aerospace, where lightweight yet strong materials are essential for efficient flight. The development of composite materials has been a game-changer, combining the strengths of different substances to create superior materials.Another key aspect of materials science is the study of material degradation and failure. By understanding how materials break down, scientists can develop strategies to prevent failure, ensuring the longevity and safety of structures and devices.Sustainability is also a growing concern in materials science. Researchers are exploring eco-friendly materials and processes to reduce the environmental impact of materialproduction and disposal.The future of materials science holds great promise. Nanotechnology, for instance, is enabling the manipulation of materials at the atomic scale, opening up new possibilities for material properties and applications.In conclusion, materials science is a dynamic and essential discipline that underpins many of the innovations we rely on in our daily lives. Its continued development is key to addressing global challenges and shaping the world of tomorrow.。

(完整版)材料科学基础英文词汇

(完整版)材料科学基础英文词汇

材料科学基础专业词汇:第一章晶体结构原子质量单位Atomic mass unit (amu) 原子数Atomic number原子量Atomic weight 波尔原子模型Bohr atomic model键能Bonding energy 库仑力Coulombic force共价键Covalent bond 分子的构型molecular configuration 电子构型electronic configuration 负电的Electronegative正电的Electropositive 基态Ground state氢键Hydrogen bond 离子键Ionic bond同位素Isotope 金属键Metallic bond摩尔Mole泡利不相容原理Pauli exclusion principle 元素周期表Periodic table原子atom 分子molecule分子量molecule weight 极性分子Polar molecule量子数quantum number 价电子valence electron范德华键van der waals bond 电子轨道electron orbitals点群point group 对称要素symmetry elements各向异性anisotropy 原子堆积因数Atomic packing factor(APF)体心立方结构body-centered cubic (BCC) 面心立方结构face-centered cubic (FCC) 布拉格定律bragg’s law 配位数coordination number晶体结构crystal structure 晶系crystal system晶体的crystalline 衍射diffraction中子衍射neutron diffraction 电子衍射electron diffraction晶界grain boundary 六方密堆积hexagonal close-packed(HCP)鲍林规则Pauling’s rules NaCl型结构NaCl-type structure CsCl型结构Caesium Chloride structure 闪锌矿型结构Blende-type structure纤锌矿型结构Wurtzite structure 金红石型结构Rutile structure萤石型结构Fluorite structure 钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-type structure 尖晶石型结构Spinel-type structure 硅酸盐结构Structure of silicates岛状结构Island structure 链状结构Chain structure层状结构Layer structure 架状结构Framework structure滑石talc 叶蜡石pyrophyllite高岭石kaolinite 石英quartz长石feldspar 美橄榄石forsterite各向同性的isotropic 各向异性的anisotropy晶格lattice 晶格参数lattice parameters密勒指数miller indices 非结晶的noncrystalline多晶的polycrystalline 多晶形polymorphism单晶single crystal 晶胞unit cell电位electron states (化合)价valence电子electrons 共价键covalent bonding金属键metallic bonding 离子键Ionic bonding极性分子polar molecules 原子面密度atomic planar density衍射角diffraction angle 合金alloy粒度,晶粒大小grain size 显微结构microstructure显微照相photomicrograph 扫描电子显微镜 scanning electronmicroscope (SEM)重量百分数weight percent透射电子显微镜transmission electronmicroscope (TEM)四方的tetragonal 单斜的monoclinic配位数coordination number材料科学基础专业词汇:第二章晶体结构缺陷缺陷defect, imperfection 点缺陷point defect线缺陷line defect, dislocation 面缺陷interface defect体缺陷volume defect 位错排列dislocation arrangement 位错线dislocation line 刃位错edge dislocation螺位错screw dislocation 混合位错mixed dislocation晶界grain boundaries 大角度晶界high-angle grainboundaries小角度晶界tilt boundary, 孪晶界twin boundaries位错阵列dislocation array 位错气团dislocation atmosphere 位错轴dislocation axis 位错胞dislocation cell位错爬移dislocation climb 位错聚结dislocation coalescence 位错滑移dislocation slip 位错核心能量dislocation core energy位错裂纹dislocation crack 位错阻尼dislocation damping位错密度dislocation density 原子错位substitution of a wrongatom间隙原子interstitial atom 晶格空位vacant lattice sites间隙位置interstitial sites 杂质impurities弗伦克尔缺陷Frenkel disorder 肖脱基缺陷Schottky disorder主晶相the host lattice 错位原子misplaced atoms缔合中心Associated Centers. 自由电子Free Electrons电子空穴Electron Holes 伯格斯矢量Burgers克罗各-明克符号Kroger Vink notation 中性原子neutral atom材料科学基础专业词汇:第二章晶体结构缺陷-固溶体固溶体 solid solution 固溶度solid solubility化合物 compound 间隙固溶体 interstitial solid solution 置换固溶体 substitutional solid solution 金属间化合物 intermetallics不混溶固溶体 immiscible solid solution 转熔型固溶体 peritectic solid solution 有序固溶体 ordered solid solution 无序固溶体 disordered solid solution 固溶强化 solid solution strengthening 取代型固溶体Substitutional solid solutions过饱和固溶体 supersaturated solid solution非化学计量化合物 Nonstoichiometric compound材料科学基础专业词汇:第三章熔体结构熔体结构structure of melt 过冷液体 supercooling melt 玻璃态 vitreous state 软化温度 softening temperature 粘度viscosity 表面张力 Surface tension 介稳态过渡相 metastable phase 组织 constitution 淬火 quenching 退火的 softened玻璃分相phase separation in glasses 体积收缩 volume shrinkage材料科学基础专业词汇:第四章固体的表面与界面表面 surface界面 interface 同相界面 homophase boundary 异相界面 heterophase boundary 晶界grain boundary表面能 surface energy 小角度晶界 low angle grain boundary 大角度晶界 high angle grain boundary 共格孪晶界 coherent twin boundary 晶界迁移 grain boundary migration 错配度 mismatch 驰豫 relaxation 重构 reconstuction 表面吸附 surface adsorption 表面能 surface energy倾转晶界 titlt grain boundary 扭转晶界 twist grain boundary 倒易密度 reciprocal density 共格界面 coherent boundary 半共格界面 semi-coherent boundary 非共格界面 noncoherent boundary 界面能 interfacial free energy 应变能strain energy晶体学取向关系 crystallographicorientation惯习面habit plane材料科学基础专业词汇:第五章相图相图phase diagrams 相phase组分component 组元compoonent相律Phase rule 投影图Projection drawing浓度三角形Concentration triangle 冷却曲线Cooling curve成分composition 自由度freedom相平衡phase equilibrium 化学势chemical potential热力学thermodynamics 相律phase rule吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule 自由能free energy吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy 吉布斯混合能Gibbs energy of mixing 吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy 吉布斯函数Gibbs function热力学函数thermodynamics function 热分析thermal analysis过冷supercooling 过冷度degree of supercooling杠杆定律lever rule 相界phase boundary相界线phase boundary line 相界交联phase boundarycrosslinking共轭线conjugate lines 相界有限交联phase boundarycrosslinking相界反应phase boundary reaction 相变phase change相组成phase composition 共格相phase-coherent金相相组织phase constentuent 相衬phase contrast相衬显微镜phase contrast microscope 相衬显微术phase contrastmicroscopy相分布phase distribution 相平衡常数phase equilibriumconstant相平衡图phase equilibrium diagram 相变滞后phase transition lag相分离phase segregation 相序phase order相稳定性phase stability 相态phase state相稳定区phase stabile range 相变温度phase transitiontemperature相变压力phase transition pressure 同质多晶转变polymorphictransformation同素异晶转变allotropic transformation 相平衡条件phase equilibriumconditions显微结构microstructures 低共熔体eutectoid不混溶性immiscibility材料科学基础专业词汇:第六章扩散活化能activation energy 扩散通量diffusion flux浓度梯度concentration gradient 菲克第一定律Fick’s first law菲克第二定律Fick’s second law 相关因子correlation factor稳态扩散steady state diffusion 非稳态扩散nonsteady-state diffusion 扩散系数diffusion coefficient 跳动几率jump frequency填隙机制interstitalcy mechanism 晶界扩散grain boundary diffusion 短路扩散short-circuit diffusion 上坡扩散uphill diffusion下坡扩散Downhill diffusion 互扩散系数Mutual diffusion渗碳剂carburizing 浓度梯度concentration gradient浓度分布曲线concentration profile 扩散流量diffusion flux驱动力driving force 间隙扩散interstitial diffusion自扩散self-diffusion 表面扩散surface diffusion空位扩散vacancy diffusion 扩散偶diffusion couple扩散方程diffusion equation 扩散机理diffusion mechanism扩散特性diffusion property 无规行走Random walk达肯方程Dark equation 柯肯达尔效应Kirkendall equation本征热缺陷Intrinsic thermal defect 本征扩散系数Intrinsic diffusion coefficient离子电导率Ion-conductivity 空位机制Vacancy concentration材料科学基础专业词汇:第七章相变过冷supercooling 过冷度degree of supercooling晶核nucleus 形核nucleation形核功nucleation energy 晶体长大crystal growth均匀形核homogeneous nucleation 非均匀形核heterogeneous nucleation形核率nucleation rate 长大速率growth rate 热力学函数thermodynamics function临界晶核critical nucleus 临界晶核半径critical nucleus radius枝晶偏析dendritic segregation 局部平衡localized equilibrium平衡分配系数equilibriumdistributioncoefficient有效分配系数effective distribution coefficient成分过冷constitutional supercooling 引领(领先)相leading phase共晶组织eutectic structure 层状共晶体lamellar eutectic伪共晶pseudoeutectic 离异共晶divorsed eutectic表面等轴晶区chill zone 柱状晶区columnar zone中心等轴晶区equiaxed crystal zone 定向凝固unidirectional solidification 急冷技术splatcooling 区域提纯zone refining单晶提拉法Czochralski method 晶界形核boundary nucleation位错形核dislocation nucleation 晶核长大nuclei growth斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition有序无序转变disordered-order transition马氏体相变martensite phase transformation 马氏体martensite材料科学基础专业词汇:第八、九章固相反应和烧结固相反应solid state reaction 烧结sintering烧成fire 合金alloy再结晶Recrystallization 二次再结晶Secondary recrystallization 成核nucleation 结晶crystallization子晶,雏晶matted crystal 耔晶取向seed orientation异质核化heterogeneous nucleation 均匀化热处理homogenization heattreatment铁碳合金iron-carbon alloy 渗碳体cementite铁素体ferrite 奥氏体austenite共晶反应eutectic reaction 固溶处理solution heat treatment。

材料科学基础英文版

材料科学基础英文版
Chapter 1 Fundamental Concepts of
Crystal
1
1-1. Basic Concepts of Crystal
1) Definition of Crystal
• What is Crystal?
• Crystal and Amorphous
2
• People realized that there are two kinds of mineral in nature: Crystal and Amorphous.
• Crystal Structure = The periodic arrangement of atoms in the crystal.
11
=
? =
?
Lattice: Periodic repeating array
12
Lattice, Basis, Crystal Structure
Don't mix up atoms with lattice points
Diamond 4
Salt
Beryl
Quartz
Red Bee The building blocks of these two are identical, but different crystal faces are developed
Cleaving a crystal of rocksalt
• Lattice = An infinite array of points in space, in which each point has identical surroundings to all others.
• It can be described by associating with each lattice point a group of atoms called the Motif (Basis)

材料科学与基础英文词汇

材料科学与基础英文词汇

材料科学基础重要概念(中英文)晶体学基础布助J 」|1 戊阵(Bravais lattice) 体心化(bodycentering) 底心化(base centering) 持殊心化(jipxiul ccnicring 〉 rtfiftn (crystal plane) rft (平)面拆数(crystal - plane indicc) 晶帯(zone)倒易空问(reciprocal space) 参考球(reference sphere) 经线(longitude) 赤道平HU equator plane) 极网(polenet) 结构基元(motif) 晶体几何学(geometrical cryskillography) 昴休物理学(cry 曲l 】ographysic§)等同点(equivalent point) 贞阵(lattice)初基矢莹(prinuhvc translation vector,) 复式初基 m 胞(multiple - primitive cell) 对 称元素(syninictTyelement) 对称群(syinmctry group) 被动操作{pas si vcoperation) 点阵冇心化(centering of lattice) itl 心化(佃cc centering}"i [tn 心化(one - face centering ) 晶向 C crystaldirection)拈向(方向)扌R 数(crystal-direction indice) 晶向族(t&E ・ of crystal • plane) 倒易点阵(reciprocal lattice )极射赤向投影(stcrcograpliicp 「ojcctioD) 參考网绍(reference grid) 纬线(latitude 〉 昊氏网(WulTnct) 标旌投彩网(standard projection>甜体结构晶休学(crystalloyaphy) 晶体生成学(crystallo^cny) 辭体结构学(crytallogy) 晶体化学(crystalloclicmistry ) 晶体纟吉构(crystal Ktructurc) 点阵平移矢址(lattice translation vector ) 初级小胞(primi ti vc cell > 点阵當数(UmictjpannnctcT) 对称变换(symmetry translation) 主动探作(activeoperation) 国 际符号(mtcmatioiial notation ) 点对称找作(poim$yminctry opcralion) 症转操哲 (rotation opcratkm) 二次.旋转轴 Cftvo ・ fold axc» diad)四次旋转柚 Cfbur - fold axe, tetrad) 锐像(mirror image ) 对形关系(cnantioiiiorphic rcl ation) 反海 C inversion ) 晶系(crystal system) 「卩斜晶系(iiwnoclinic system) 囚方晶系〈止方晶系)(tetragonal system) 八•方晶系(hexagonalsystem > 熊夫利斯符号(Schocnflics notation) 用等操作(咆位操作)<identity) 血转轴(rotationaxe) 三次旋转牠(three 一 fold axe, triad)7< 次旋转轴(six - told axe, hexad > 镜仙(mirror plane)同宇 C congruent) 旋转反温(rotation - inversion ) 三余卜晶系(triclinic system ) 止交晶系(斜方晶系)orthogonal system) 龙方晶系(cubic system) 菱方晶系(rhombohcdral system )品休结构(crystiil structure) 结构符号(structure symbol)鲍林规则(PziilingMrufc) 紙化物结构(oxide structure)有序向溶休(超结构)[ordered solid solution 那晶(quadcrystal)(si^x:r lattice)]彭罗斯拼物(Penrose tiling)长程有宇参数(long-range order parameter) 短程有丹卷数(shot-Tangc order parameter)品体缺陷向 4ft (disclination)沃轻拉过程(M)lterraS process) 刃型位错(edge dislocation ) 嫖型位4ft (screwdislocation) 浪合型位箱(mixed dislocation) 柏氏冋路(Burgers circuit) 柏氏矢直:( Burgers vector) 位钳耳(dislocation loop) 位错密投(dislocation density) 位钳的孙性能(clastic energy of dislocation) 位错线张力(tension of dislocation)致密度(空问玻充效率)(efficiency of space filling) 配位数(coordination number} 配位多面体〈coordination polvhedra> 拓扑密堆相(ropologioally close - packed phase)金属晶休(meta 】 crystal) 离干晶体(ionic crystal) 共价晶休(cowulent crysUd) 分千晶体(molecularcrystal) 原干半径和离予半径(atomic radius and ionic rad: us)原干结构休积(volume odrurturc per storn) 体密疲(volumetric density,p v) 血巒度(plunw density, p P ) 綾密度(linear density; p L ) 金刚石结构(diamoiKlstructure) 纳米碳管(carbon nano tube) 轻换固溶休(substitutional solid solution ) 填陳向溶休(intcTStitiiil solid solution) 尺寸快I 素(sizedketor) 价电子浓度 C valanct electron concentration) 电子化合物(electron compound) 间隙化合物(interKtitial compound) 尺、JI 犬I 素化合物(Bizc~fhctwcQinfXHind 〉 Laves 相(Laws phase) 。

材料学专业名词中英文对译

材料学专业名词中英文对译

材料学专业名词中英文对译材料学专业名词中英文对译常见材料学专业名词中英文对译材料科学Material Science材料科学定义Material Science Definition加工性能Machinability强度Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability金属特性Special metallic features抗敏感及环境保护Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection化学元素Chemical element元素的原子序数Atom of Elements原子及固体物质Atom and solid material原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron)原子的组织图Atom Constitutes 周期表Periodic Table原子键结Atom Bonding金属与合金Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal金属的特性Features of Metal晶体结构Crystal Pattern晶体结构,定向格子及单位晶格Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cellX线结晶分析法X – ray crystal analyics method金属结晶格子Metal space lattice格子常数Lattice constant米勒指数Mill's Index金相及相律Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体Solid solution置换型固熔体Substitutional type solid solution插入型固熔体Interstital solid solution 金属间化物Intermetallic compound 金属变态Transformation变态点Transformation Point磁性变态Magnetic Transformation 同素变态Allotropic Transformation合金平衡状态Thermal Equilibrium相律Phase Rule自由度Degree of freedom临界温度Critical temperture共晶Eutectic包晶温度Peritectic Temperature包晶反应Peritectic Reaction包晶合金Peritectic Alloy亚共晶体Hypoeutetic Alloy过共晶体Hyper-ectectic Alloy金属塑性Plastic Deformation滑动面Slip Plan畸变Distortion硬化Work Hardening退火Annealing回复柔软Crystal Recovery再结晶Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验Properties & testing of metal化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties颜色Colour磁性Magnetisum比电阻Specific resistivity & specific resistance 比重Specific gravity & specific density比热Specific Heat热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion导热度Heat conductivity机械性能Mechanical properties屈服强度Yield strength伸长度Elongation断面缩率Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection不破坏检验Non – destructive inspections渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection 显微观察法Microscopic inspection 破坏的检验Destructive Inspection 冲击测试Impact Test疲劳测试Fatigue Test潜变测试Creep Test潜变强度Creeps Strength第壹潜变期Primary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements转变元素Transition element交换能量Positive energy exchange外价电子Outer valence electrons化学结合Chemical bond钢铁的主要成份The major element of steel钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents铁相Steel Phases钢铁的名称Name of steel纯铁体Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体Austenite珠光体及共释钢Pearlite &Eutectoid 奥氏体碳钢Austenite Carbon Steel 单相金属Single Phase Metal共释变态Eutectoid Transformation 珠光体Pearlite过共释钢Hype-eutectoid珠光体Pearlite粗珠光体Coarse pearlite中珠光体Medium pearlite幼珠光体Fine pearlite磁性变态点Magnetic Transformation 钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel连续铸造法Continuous casting process 电炉Electric furnace钢铁生产流程Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel熔铸Casting锻造Fogging挤压Extrusion延轧Rolling冲剪Drawing & stamping特殊钢Special Steel简介General特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End UsageSulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能Hardenability钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性Cold brittleness回火脆性Temper brittleness材料的加工性能Drawing abillity硬度Hardness 表面处理Surface finishEnd usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip硬度及拉力Hardness & Tensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试) Elongation test曲面(假曲率) Camber防止生锈Rust Protection生锈速度表Speed of rusting焊接Welding气焊Gas Welding埋弧焊Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊Resistance Welding电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet上漆能力Paint Adhesion电镀锌钢片的焊接Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet点焊Spot welding滚焊Seam welding电镀锌(电解)钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet生产流程Production Flow Chart 锌镀层质量Zinc Coating Mass表面处理Surface Treatment冷轧钢片Cold-Rolled SteelSheet/Strip热轧钢片Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet 冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet 长度公差Length Tolerance理论质量Theoretical Mass简介General硬度Hardness钢的种类Type of Steel表面处理Surface Finish 常用尺寸Commonly Used Size电器用硅[硅] 钢片Electrical Steel Sheet软磁材料Soft Magnetic Material硬磁材料Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积Maximum Energy Product 晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented)Grain Oriented & Non-Oriented电器用硅[硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip电器用的硅[硅] 钢片之分类Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets退火Annealing电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet 退火时注意事项AnnealingPrecautionary提防过份氧化No Excessive Oxidation 应力退火温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature绝缘表面Surface Insulation镀铝硅合金钢片的特色Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet用途End Usages抗化学品能力Chemical Resistance公差Size Tolerance焊接能力Weldability钢板Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准Type of steel Plate & Related JIS, ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards钢板生产流程Production Flow Chart 钢板订货需知Ordering of Steel Plate 不锈钢Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类,耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification, Corrosion Resistant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel铁铬系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel表面处理Surface finish不锈钢片机械性能(301, 304, 631, CSP) Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel不锈钢–种类,工业标准,化学成份,特点及主要用途Stainless Steel – Type, Industrial Standard, Chemical Composition, Characteristic & end usage of the most commonly used Stainless Steel不锈钢薄片用途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge不锈钢片、板用途例Examples of End Usages of Strip, Sheet & Plate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解General Specification of TensionAnnealed Stainless Steel Strips耐热不锈钢Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel镍铬耐热钢Ni - Cr Heat Resistance Steel超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel抗热超级合金Heat Resistance Super Alloy边缘处理Edge Finish硬度Hardness高碳钢化学成份及用途高碳钢片High Carbon Steel Strip分类Classification用组织结构分类Classification According to Grain Structure用含碳量分类–即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢Classification According to Carbon Contains弹簧用碳钢片CarbonSteel Strip For Spring Use冷轧状态Cold Rolled Strip回火状态Annealed Strip淬火及回火状态Hardened & Tempered Strip/ Precision – Quenched Steel Strip贝氏体钢片Bainite Steel Strip弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理Edge Finished淬火剂Quenching Media碳钢回火Tempering回火有低温回火及高温回火Low & High Temperature Tempering 高温回火High Temperature Tempering退火Annealing完全退火Full Annealing扩散退火Diffusion Annealing低温退火Low Temperature Annealing 中途退火Process Annealing球化退火Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退火Bright Annealing淬火Quenching时间淬火Time Quenching奥氏铁孻回火Austempering马氏铁体淬火Marquenching高碳钢片用途End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip冷轧高碳钢–日本工业标准Cold-Rolled (Special Steel) Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311电镀金属钢片Plate Metal Strip电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip 金属捆片电镀层Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip镀镍Nickel Plated镀铬Chrome Plated镀黄铜Brass Plated基层金属Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip低碳钢或铁基层金属Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal 不锈钢基层金属Stainless Steel as Base Metal铜基层金属Copper as Base Metal 黄铜基层金属Brass as Base Metal轴承合金Bearing Alloy易溶合金Fusible Alloy化学成份Chemical Composition机械性能Mechanical Properties化学成份Chemical composition Manufacturing Method应用材料Material Used特点Characteristic用途End Usages材料的类型Types of materials, metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, elastomer部分材料性质复习Review of selected properties of materials,电导率和电阻率conductivity and resistivity,热导率thermal conductivity,应力和应变stress and strain,弹性应变elastic strain,塑性应变plastic strain,屈服强度yield strength,最大抗拉强度ultimate tensile strength, 最大强度ultimate strength,延展性ductility,伸长率elongation,断面收缩率reduction of area,颈缩necking,断裂强度breaking strength,韧性toughness,硬度hardness,疲劳强度fatigue strength,蜂窝honeycomb,热脆性heat shortness,晶胞中的原子数atoms per cell,点阵lattice, 阵点lattice point,点阵参数lattice parameter,密排六方hexagonal close-packed,六方晶胞hexagonal unit cell,体心立方body-centered cubic,面心立方face-centered cubic,弥勒指数Miller indices,晶面crystal plane, 晶系crystal system,晶向crystal direction,相变机理Phase transformation mechanism:成核生长相变nucleation–growth transition,斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition, 有序无序转变disordered-order transition,马氏体相变martensite phase transformation,成核nucleation,成核机理nucleation mechanism,成核势垒nucleation barrier,晶核,结晶中心nucleus of crystal,金属组织的)基体quay,基体,基块,基质,结合剂matrix, 子晶,雏晶matted crystal,耔晶,晶种seed crystal,耔晶取向seed orientation,籽晶生长seeded growth,均质核化homogeneous nucleation,异质核化heterogeneous nucleation,均匀化热处理homogenization heat treatment,熟料grog,自恰场self-consistent field固溶体Solid solution:有序固溶体ordered solid solution,无序固溶体disordered solid solution, 有序合金ordered alloy,无序合金disordered alloy.无序点阵disordered lattice,分散,扩散,弥散dispersal,分散剂dispersant,分散剂,添加剂dispersant additive, 分散剂,弥散剂dispersant agent缺陷defect, imperfection,点缺陷point defect,线缺陷line defect, dislocation,面缺陷interface defect, surface defect, 体缺陷volume defect,位错排列dislocation arrangement,位错阵列dislocation array,位错气团dislocation atmosphere,位错轴dislocation axis, 位错胞dislocation cell,位错爬移dislocation climb,位错滑移dislocation slip, dislocation movement by slip,位错聚结dislocation coalescence,位错核心能量dislocation core energy, 位错裂纹dislocation crack,位错阻尼dislocation damping,位错密度dislocation density,体积膨胀volume dilation,体积收缩volume shrinkage,回火tempering,退火annealing,退火的,软化的softened,软化退火,软化(处理)softening,淬火quenching,淬火硬化quenching hardening,正火normalizing, normalization,退火织构annealing texture,人工时效artificial aging,细长比aspect ratio,形变热处理ausforming,等温退火austempering,奥氏体austenite,奥氏体化austenitizing,贝氏体bainite,马氏体martensite,马氏体淬火marquench,马氏体退火martemper,马氏体时效钢maraging steel,渗碳体cementite,固溶强化solid solution strengthening, 钢屑混凝土steel chips concrete,水玻璃,硅酸钠sodium silicate,水玻璃粘结剂sodium silicate binder, 硅酸钠类防水剂sodium silicate waterproofing agent,扩散diffusion,扩散系数diffusivity,相变phase transition,烧结sintering,固相反应solid-phase reaction,相图与相结构phase diagrams and phase structures ,相phase,组分component, 自由度freedom,相平衡phase equilibrium,吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule,吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy,吉布斯混合能Gibbs energy of mixing, 吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy,吉布斯函数Gibbs function,相平衡phase balance,相界phase boundary,相界线phase boundary line,相界交联phase boundary crosslinking, 相界有限交联phase boundary crosslinking,相界反应phase boundary reaction,相变phase change,相组成phase composition,共格相phase-coherent,金相相组织phase constentuent,相分布phase distribution,相平衡常数phase equilibrium constant, 相平衡图phase equilibrium diagram, 相分离phase segregation, phase separation,玻璃分相phase separation in glasses, 相序phase order, phase sequence,相稳定性phase stability,相态phase state,相稳定区phase stabile range,相变温度phase transition temperature, 相变压力phase transition pressure,同质多晶转变polymorphic transformation,相平衡条件phase equilibrium conditions,显微结构microstructures,不混溶固溶体immiscible solid solution, 转熔型固溶体peritectic solid solution, 低共熔体eutectoid,crystallization,不混溶性immiscibility,固态反应solid state reaction,烧结sintering,相变机理Phase transformation mechanism:成核生长相变nucleation–growth transition,斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition, 有序无序转变disordered-order transition,马氏体相变martensite phase transformation,成核nucleation,成核机理nucleation mechanism,成核势垒nucleation barrier,晶核,结晶中心nucleus of crystal, (金属组织的)基体quay,基体,基块,基质,结合剂matrix, 子晶,雏晶matted crystal,耔晶,晶种seed crystal,耔晶取向seed orientation,籽晶生长seeded growth,均质核化homogeneous nucleation, 异质核化heterogeneous nucleation, 均匀化热处理homogenization heat treatment。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

材料科学基础重要概念(中英文)晶体学基础晶体学(crystallography)布喇菲点阵(Bravais lattice)晶体生成学(crystallogeny)体心化(body centering)晶体结构学(crytallogy)底心化(base centering)晶体化学(crystallochemistry)特殊心化(special centering)晶体结构(crystal structure)晶面(crystal plane)点阵平移矢量(lattice translation vector)晶(平)面指数(crystal – plane indice)初级单胞(primitive cell)晶带(zone)点阵常数(lattice parameter)倒易空间(reciprocal space)对称变换(symmetry translation)参考球(reference sphere)主动操作(active operation)经线(longitude)国际符号(international notation)赤道平面(equator plane)点对称操作(point symmetry operation)极网(pole net)旋转操作(rotation operation)结构基元(motif)二次旋转轴(two - fold axe, diad)晶体几何学(geometrical crystallography)四次旋转轴(four – fold axe, tetrad)晶体物理学(crystallographysics)镜像(mirror image)等同点(equivalent point)对形关系(enantiomorphic relation)点阵(lattice)反演(inversion)初基矢量(primitive translation vector)晶系(crystal system)复式初基单胞(multiple – primitive cell)单斜晶系(monoclinic system)对称元素(symmetry element)四方晶系(正方晶系)(tetragonal system)对称群(symmetry group)六方晶系(hexagonal system)被动操作(passive operation)熊夫利斯符号(Schoenflies notation)点阵有心化(centering of lattice)恒等操作(单位操作)(identity)面心化(face centering)旋转轴(rotation axe)单面心化(one – face centering)三次旋转轴(three – fold axe, triad)晶向(crystal direction)六次旋转轴(six – fold axe, hexad)晶向(方向)指数(crystal – direction indice)镜面(mirror plane)晶面族(form of crystal - plane)同宇(congruent)倒易点阵(reciprocal lattice)旋转反演(rotation - inversion)极射赤面投影(stereographic projection)三斜晶系(triclinic system)参考网络(reference grid)正交晶系(斜方晶系)(orthogonal system)纬线(latitude)立方晶系(cubic system)吴氏网(Wulff net)菱方晶系(rhombohedral system)标准投影网(standard projection)晶体结构晶体结构(crystal structure)鲍林规则(Pauling’s rule)结构符号(structure symbol)氧化物结构(oxide structure)致密度(空间填充效率)(efficiency of space 岩盐结构(rock structure)filling)纤维锌矿结构(wurtzite structure)配位数(coordination number)闪锌矿结构(zinc blende structure)配位多面体(coordination polyhedra)尖晶石结构(spinel structure)拓扑密堆相(topologically close – packed α-Al2O3型结构(corundum structure)phase)金红石结构(rutile structure)金属晶体(metal crystal)萤石结构(fluorite structure)离子晶体(ionic crystal)钙钛矿结构(perovskite structure)共价晶体(covalent crystal)钛铁矿结构(ilmenite structure)分子晶体(molecular crystal)氯化铯结构(cesium chloride structure)原子半径和离子半径(atomic radius and ionic 硅酸盐(silicate)radius)链状硅酸盐(chain silicate)原子结构体积(volume of structure per atom)层状硅酸盐(phyllo silicate)体密度(volumetric density,ρV)岛状硅酸盐(island silicate)面密度(planar density, ρP)骨架结构(framework structure)线密度(linear density, ρL)镁橄榄石结构(forsterite structure)金刚石结构(diamond structure)辉石(picrite)纳米碳管(carbon nano tube)粘土矿(clay mineral)置换固溶体(substitutional solid solution)高岭石(kaolinite)填隙固溶体(interstitial solid solution)云母(mica)尺寸因素(size factor)石英(quartz)价电子浓度(valance electron concentration)鳞石英(tridymite)电子化合物(electron compound)方石英(cristobalite)间隙化合物(interstitial compound)钙长石(anorthite)尺寸因素化合物(size–factor compound)分子筛(molecule sift)Laves相(Laves phase) 同素异构性(allotropy)σ相(σphase)多形性(polymorphism)有序固溶体(超结构)[ordered solid solution 准晶(quasicrystal)(super lattice) ] 彭罗斯拼砌(Penrose tiling)长程有序参数(long-range order parameter)短程有序参数(shot-range order parameter)晶体缺陷不完整性(imperfection)向错(disclination)点缺陷(point imperfection)沃特拉过程(V olterra’s process)空位(vacancy)刃型位错(edge dislocation)自间隙原子(self-interstitial)螺型位错(screw dislocation)构型熵(configuration entropy)混合型位错(mixed dislocation)肖脱基缺陷(Schottky defect)柏氏回路(Burgers circuit)弗兰克缺陷(Frenkel defect)柏氏矢量(Burgers vector)内禀点缺陷(intrinsic point defect)位错环(dislocation loop)非禀点缺陷(extrinsic point defect)位错密度(dislocation density)线缺陷(line imperfection)位错的弹性能(elastic energy of dislocation)位错(dislocation)位错线张力(tension of dislocation)位错宽度(width of dislocation)层错矢量(fault vector)保守运动(conservative motion)外延层错(extrinsic fault)非保守运动(nonconservative motion)层错能(stacking fault energy)滑移(slip)肖克莱部分为错(Shockley partial dislocation)滑动(glissile)铃木气团(Suzuki atmosphere)攀移(climb)弗兰克位错(Frank partial dislocation)自力(self-force)扩展位错(extended dislocation)渗透力(osmotic force)压杆位错(stair-rod partial dislocation)映像力(image force)Lomer-Cottrell 位错(Lomer-Cottrell弯结(kink)dislocation)割阶(jog)L-C阻塞(L-C Lock)柯垂尔气体(Cottrell atmosphere)赫斯阻塞(Hirth lock)史诺克气体(Snoek atmosphere)分位错(fractional dislocation)弗兰克-瑞德位错源(Frank-Read source)超点阵(superlattice)B-H位错源(Bardeen-Herring source)反相畴(Antiphase domain)位错塞积群(dislocation pile-up group)反相畴界(Antiphase boundary, APB)全位错(perfect dislocation)超位错(super-dislocation)堆垛层错(stacking fault)弗兰克-纳巴罗回路(Frank-Nabarro circuit)部分为错或不全位错(partial dislocation)向错强度(disclination strength)内禀层错(intrinsic fault)条纹织构(schlieren texture)表面能(surface energy) 适配(matching)晶界(grain boundary) 共格晶界(coherent boundary)小角度晶界(low angle grain boundary)非共格晶界(incoherent boundary)大角度晶界(high angle grain boundary 晶界迁移率(grain boundary mobility)倾转晶界(tilt boundary)取向关系(orientation relationship)扭转晶界(twist boundary)气泡(gas babble)相界(phase boundary) 空洞(void)扩散不可逆过程(irreversible process)传质过程(mass transport)扩散(diffusion)扩散距离(diffusion distance)唯象系数(phenomenological coefficient)间隙机制(interstitial mechanism)挤列结构(crowdion configuration)哑铃结构(dumbbell split configuration)空位机制(vacancy mechanism)换位机制(exchange mechanism)扩散流量(flux)参考系(reference frame)实验参考系(laboratory reference frame)点阵参考系(lattice reference frame)菲克第一定律(Fick’s first law)菲克第二定律(Fick’s second law)扩散系数(diffusion coefficient)禀性扩散系数(intrinsic diffusion coefficient)互扩散系数(mutual diffusion coefficient)自扩散系数(self-diffusion coefficient)稳态扩散(steady state diffusion)Kirkendall 效应(Kirkendall effect)Matano 平面(Matano interface)热力学因子(thermodynamic factor)同位素(isotope)示踪物(tracer)扩散偶(diffusion couple)误差函数(error function)哑变量(dummy)数值方法(numerical method)有限差分(finite-difference)收敛性(convergence)截断误差(truncation error)舍入误差(round-off error)相关系数(correlation factor)高扩散率通道(high-diffusivity path)体扩散(volume diffusion)晶界扩散(grain boundary diffusion)位错扩散(dislocation diffusion)表面扩散(surface diffusion)迁移率(mobility)渗透率(permeability)凝固分配系数(partition coefficient)枝晶偏析(dendrite segregation)区域提纯(zone-refining)亚共晶合金(hypoeutectic alloy)胞晶的形成(cell formation)过共晶合金(hypereutectic alloy)胞状树枝晶(cellular dendrite)片状(lamellar)柱状树枝晶(columnar dendrite)棒状(rod-like)共晶凝固(eutectic solidification)共晶领域(eutectic colony)包晶凝固(peritectic solidification)伪共晶(pseudo-eutectic)偏析(segregation)离异共晶(divorced eutectic)熔焊(fusion welding)激冷区(chill zone)快速凝固(rapid solidification process)柱状晶区(columnar zone)连续铸造(continuous casting)等轴晶区(equiaxed zone)树枝状显微偏析(dendritic microsegregation)收缩晶区(shrinkage cavity)非平衡杠杆定律(non-equilibrium lever rule)疏松(porosity)组分过冷(constitutional supercooling)非金属夹杂物(non-metallic inclusion)胞状组织(cellular structure)熔池(weld pool)二次枝晶(secondary dendrite)混合区(composite region)一次支晶(primary dendrite)热影响区(heat-affected zone)。

相关文档
最新文档