动词时态和语态及情态动词
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2016高考分类汇编动词的时态和语态及情态动词
1.【2016·北京】21.Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A. works
B. has worked
C. was working
D. would work
【答案】C
考点:考查时态
【名师点睛】
一、过去进行时的构成:was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing)
二、过去进行时的用法:
1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作,通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。
例如:At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.
昨天这个时候,我正在收拾东西去露营。
2、表移动的动词,如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时,可以表示过去将要发生的动作。
例如:She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。
3、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行。
例如:It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。
4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时,过去进行时经常与其它过去时态,特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。
例如:One night, he was typing in his study. Suddenly, a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity.
一天晚上,他正在书房里打字。突然,一个人闯进屋来,切断了电源。
2.【2016·北京】2
3. —Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.
A. waited
B. wait
C. would be waiting
D. have been waiting 【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析:题目考查时态。句意:——打扰了,你们在等哪一部电影?——《星球大战》,我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。“for+时间段”与完成时连用,根据语境可知,说话的时候仍然在等,因此用现在完成进行时,故选D。
考点:考查时态
【名师点睛】
现在完成进行时由“助动词have/has been+ -ing形式”构成。用法如下:
1. 现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。常和for,since引
导的时间状语连用。
-Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
-I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.
They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了。
2. 表示一个动作从过去某时开始,一直延续到说话时候刚结束。
I have been waiting you for about one hour.。(说话时"等"的动作刚结束)
She has been working all night long.
3. 表示重复(只断断续续,而非一直不停)
We’ve been discussing the matter several times this year.
I have been saying goodbye to some friends today.
3.【2016·北京】25. I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
A. read
B. have read
C. am reading
D. will read
【答案】B
考点:考查时态
【名师点睛】
现在完成时基本用法:
1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与already, yet, ever, never, just,before 等词连用。
例如:Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗?
You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。
2、表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,
常用的有:for+一段时间;since+过去时间点或从句。(Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度),提问用How long.
例如:It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。
They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。
3、现在完成时需注意的问题:
○1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close,
come, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill, leave, sell, stop等。
例如:He has joined the army for five years. (错误)
He has been in the army for five years.(正确)
注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
(错)I have received his letter for a month.
(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
○2不能和明确的过去时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last week, in 1998,two days ago等。
○3have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别:
have/has been to 去过某地,现在已经回来;
have/has gone to 去了某地,在去的路上或已经在那里。
○4比较一般过去时与现在完成时
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,强调动作,不和现在发生联系,常与具体的过去时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,;现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,不能与表过去的时间状语连用。
I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)
He has been a League member for three years. (强调他是团员)
现在完成时考点分析:
①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外,还可以和下面的介词短语连用:during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。
②下列句型中常用现在完成时
It is (has been) + 一段时间+ since从句