英文翻译1

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三年级课本的英文句子翻译

三年级课本的英文句子翻译

三年级课本的英文句子翻译三年级课本的英文句子翻译英语的口语知识应从小培养,英语是一门很重要的课程,很多孩子因为不懂英语而放弃英语,这是不对的,Retaining a childish heart is a matter of pride.下面是店铺整理的三年级课本的.英文句子翻译。

Unit 1Welcome back to school1、Hi! /Hello! 你好!2、Good morning/afternoon/evening 早上/ 下午/ 晚上好。

3、I’m Amy. 我叫埃米。

4、I’m from America /Canada /China. 我来自美国/加拿大/中国。

5、We have a new friend. 我们有一位新朋友。

6、Watch out! 小心!7、Where are you from? 你来自哪里?I’m from China. 我来自中国。

8、Student: I’m sorry. 学生:对不起。

Teacher: It’s OK. Come in. 教师:没关系。

进来。

9、Wait a minute. 等一下。

10、Have some tea, Mom. 妈妈,请喝茶。

11、Happy women’s Day!妇女节快乐Thank you.谢谢你们Unit 2My family1、Who’s that woman? 那个女人是谁?She’s my mother. 她是我的妈妈。

2、Who’s that man? 那个男人是谁?He’s my father. 他是我的爸爸。

3、This is my family. 这是我的家庭。

4、Come on, BaiLing. 快来,白玲。

5、Let’s watch TV. 让我们一起看电视吧!6、How funny! 真有趣啊!How beautiful! 真漂亮啊!7、What a big fish! 好大的一条鱼啊!8、Is she your sister? 她是你的姐妹吗?Yes, she is. \ No , she isn’t. 是的,她是。

电大期末考英语1翻译

电大期末考英语1翻译

1.我是护士I am a nurse.2.先给玛丽打个电话怎么样?What/How about making a call to Mary/ calling Mary first?3.我这个星期要来修理I’ll repair it this week.4.你为什么不去市场部Why don’t you go to the Marketing Department?5.她眼下在培训一个中国同事。

She is currently training a Chinese colleague.6.玛丽在度假Mary is having a holiday now.7.今晚去跳舞怎么样?What/How about going dancing this evening.8.这本书多少钱?How much does the book cost?9.你的老师是美国人吗?Is your teacher from the USA?10.大卫此刻在睡觉David is sleeping now.11.我今晚要感到七点钟I’ll work until 7 o’clock.12.他不是建筑师,他是工程师He isn’t an architect. He is an engineer.13.你为什么不去找房地产经纪人Why don’t you go to an estate agent?14.波莉在读报纸Polly is reading a newspaper.15.去看电影怎么样?What about going to the cinema? seeing a film16.小燕在读书Xiaoyan is reading a book.17.我来给他们打电话I’ll call them.18.你为什么不去看医生Why don’t you go to see a doctor?19.我要来打扫I’ll clean it.20.萨丽是个警官吗?Is Sally a police officer?21.明天下午去踢足球怎么样What about playing football tomorrow afternoon?22.你为什么不去试一试Why don’t you have a try?23.我父亲是医生My father is a doctor.24.去看看这个公寓怎么样What about seeing the flat?25.房租一月五百磅The rent is 500 pounds a month.26.他正在方位纽约办事处He is visiting the New York office right now.27.在酒吧见面怎么样How about meeting at the bar?28.你为什么不搞个计划Why don’t you make a plan?29.大卫此刻在睡觉David is sleeping now.30.你为什么不去和他们面谈Why don’t you go and talk to them face to face?31.他们是工程师They are engineers.英译汉1.I am waiting for an important telephone call.我在等一个重要电话。

各种头衔最的英文翻译

各种头衔最的英文翻译

各种头衔最的英文翻译一、常见头衔的英文翻译1. 董事长:Chairman2. 总经理:General Manager3. 副总经理:Deputy General Manager4. 部门经理:Department Manager5. 项目经理:Project Manager6. 经理助理:Manager Assistant7. 人力资源经理:Human Resources Manager8. 财务经理:Finance Manager9. 市场经理:Marketing Manager10. 销售经理:Sales Manager二、其他常见头衔的英文翻译1. 教授:Professor2. 副教授:Associate Professor3. 讲师:Lecturer4. 助教:Teaching Assistant5. 医生:Doctor6. 护士:Nurse7. 律师:Lawyer8. 工程师:Engineer9. 程序员:Programmer10. 设计师:Designer三、特殊头衔的英文翻译1. 院士:Academician2. 博士:Doctor3. 硕士:Master4. 学士:Bachelor5. 诺贝尔奖得主:Nobel Prize Winner6. 奥斯卡奖得主:Oscar Winner7. 金球奖得主:Golden Globe Winner8. 著名演员:Famous Actor9. 著名导演:Famous Director10. 著名歌手:Famous Singer各种头衔最的英文翻译一、常见头衔的英文翻译1. 董事长:Chairman2. 总经理:General Manager3. 副总经理:Deputy General Manager4. 部门经理:Department Manager5. 项目经理:Project Manager6. 经理助理:Manager Assistant7. 人力资源经理:Human Resources Manager8. 财务经理:Finance Manager9. 市场经理:Marketing Manager10. 销售经理:Sales Manager二、其他常见头衔的英文翻译1. 教授:Professor2. 副教授:Associate Professor3. 讲师:Lecturer4. 助教:Teaching Assistant5. 医生:Doctor6. 护士:Nurse7. 律师:Lawyer8. 工程师:Engineer9. 程序员:Programmer10. 设计师:Designer三、特殊头衔的英文翻译1. 院士:Academician2. 博士:Doctor3. 硕士:Master4. 学士:Bachelor5. 诺贝尔奖得主:Nobel Prize Winner6. 奥斯卡奖得主:Oscar Winner7. 金球奖得主:Golden Globe Winner8. 著名演员:Famous Actor9. 著名导演:Famous Director10. 著名歌手:Famous Singer四、政治及军事头衔的英文翻译1. 总统:President2. 副总统:Vice President3. 首相:Prime Minister4. 副首相:Deputy Prime Minister5. 国防部长:Minister of Defense6. 外交部长:Minister of Foreign Affairs7. 内政部长:Minister of Interior8. 教育部长:Minister of Education9. 财政部长:Minister of Finance10. 军官:Officer五、企业及组织头衔的英文翻译1. 首席执行官:Chief Executive Officer (CEO)2. 首席运营官:Chief Operating Officer (COO)3. 首席财务官:Chief Financial Officer (CFO)4. 首席信息官:Chief Information Officer (CIO)5. 首席市场官:Chief Marketing Officer (CMO)6. 首席技术官:Chief Technology Officer (CTO)7. 首席人力资源官:Chief Human Resources Officer (CHRO)8. 会长:President9. 秘书长:SecretaryGeneral10. 主任:Director各种头衔最的英文翻译一、常见头衔的英文翻译1. 董事长:Chairman2. 总经理:General Manager3. 副总经理:Deputy General Manager4. 部门经理:Department Manager5. 项目经理:Project Manager6. 经理助理:Manager Assistant7. 人力资源经理:Human Resources Manager8. 财务经理:Finance Manager9. 市场经理:Marketing Manager10. 销售经理:Sales Manager二、其他常见头衔的英文翻译1. 教授:Professor2. 副教授:Associate Professor3. 讲师:Lecturer4. 助教:Teaching Assistant5. 医生:Doctor6. 护士:Nurse7. 律师:Lawyer8. 工程师:Engineer9. 程序员:Programmer10. 设计师:Designer三、特殊头衔的英文翻译1. 院士:Academician2. 博士:Doctor3. 硕士:Master4. 学士:Bachelor5. 诺贝尔奖得主:Nobel Prize Winner6. 奥斯卡奖得主:Oscar Winner7. 金球奖得主:Golden Globe Winner8. 著名演员:Famous Actor9. 著名导演:Famous Director10. 著名歌手:Famous Singer四、政治及军事头衔的英文翻译1. 总统:President2. 副总统:Vice President3. 首相:Prime Minister4. 副首相:Deputy Prime Minister5. 国防部长:Minister of Defense6. 外交部长:Minister of Foreign Affairs7. 内政部长:Minister of Interior8. 教育部长:Minister of Education9. 财政部长:Minister of Finance10. 军官:Officer五、企业及组织头衔的英文翻译1. 首席执行官:Chief Executive Officer (CEO)2. 首席运营官:Chief Operating Officer (COO)3. 首席财务官:Chief Financial Officer (CFO)4. 首席信息官:Chief Information Officer (CIO)5. 首席市场官:Chief Marketing Officer (CMO)6. 首席技术官:Chief Technology Officer (CTO)7. 首席人力资源官:Chief Human Resources Officer (CHRO)8. 会长:President9. 秘书长:SecretaryGeneral10. 主任:Director六、教育领域头衔的英文翻译1. 校长:Principal2. 副校长:Vice Principal3. 教授:Professor4. 副教授:Associate Professor5. 讲师:Lecturer6. 助教:Teaching Assistant7. 学生会主席:Student Council President8. 学生会副主席:Vice President of Student Council9. 班级代表:Class Representative10. 学习委员:Academic Committee Member七、艺术及文化领域头衔的英文翻译1. 艺术家:Artist2. 作家:Writer3. 画家:Painter4. 书法家:Calligrapher5. 音乐家:Musician6. 歌手:Singer7. 演员:Actor8. 导演:Director9. 编舞:Choreographer10. 主持人:Host。

英语课文中英文对照翻译1-7

英语课文中英文对照翻译1-7

中英文对照翻译Unit 1A Y oung Boy‟s AmbitionOnce a day a cheap, gaudy packet arrived upward from St. Louis, and another downward from Keokuk. Before these events, the day was glorious with expectancy; after them, the day was a dead and empty thing. Not only the boys, but the whole village, felt this. After all these years I can picture that old time to myself now, just as it was then: the white town drowsing in the sunshine of a summer's morning; the streets empty, or prettynearly so; one or two clerks sitting in front of the Water Street stores, with their splint-bottomed chairs tilted back against the wall, chins on breasts, hats slouched over their faces, asleep - with shingle-shavings enough around to show what broke them down; a sow and a litter of pigs loafing along the sidewalk, doing a good business in watermelon rinds and seeds; two or three lonely little freight piles scattered about the "levee"; a pile of "skids" on the slope of the stone-paved wharf, and the fragrant town drunkard asleep in the shadow of them; two or three wood flats at the head of the wharf, but nobody to listen to the peaceful lapping of the wavelets against them; the great Mississippi, the majestic, the magnificent Mississippi, rolling its mile-wide tide along, shining in the sun; the dense forest away on the other side; the "point" above the town, and the "point" below, bounding theriver-glimpse and turning it into a sort of sea, and withal a very still and brilliant and lonely one. Presently a film of dark smoke appears above one of those remote "points"; instantly a negro drayman, famous for his quick eye and prodigious voice, lifts up the cry, "S-t-e-a-m-boat a-comin!" and the scene changes! The town drunkard stirs, the clerks wake up, a furious clatter of drays follows, every house and store pours out a human contribution, and all in a twinkling the dead town is alive and moving.一艘简陋而外表华丽的定班轮船从圣路易斯开上来,另一艘从奇阿库克往下游开,每天都要来到这里一次。

1的英文翻译

1的英文翻译

1的英文翻译1的英文翻译是“one”,它是一个基本数字,在各种语言中都可以找到。

这个数字也代表孤独、开始、原点和唯一。

在英语中,单词“one”作为形容词或代词出现,指的是个体、数量或者性质的唯一的一个。

例如:I have one apple.(我有一个苹果);He is the only one who can do it.(他是唯一能做这件事的人);The number one priority is safety.(安全是第一位的)。

在数学上,“one”也有特殊的意义,表示一个数,也就是1,可以用来指代正整数、负整数、有理数和无理数中的一个。

此外,还可以用来表示10进制数系统中的一个底数,或者表示比率中占绝对优势的一方。

在英语中,“one”也可以用作副词,表示“唯一地”、“单独地”、“独立地”或者“惟一地”。

例如:She lives all alone in one room.(她独自一人住在一间房里);He ate one piece of cake.(他吃了一块蛋糕);He arrived home one day early. (他提前一天回家了)。

此外,“one”还可以用作名词,表示一个人,后面常加上所属的集体。

例如:One of my friends is alawyer.(我的一个朋友是律师);One of the students failed the exam.(其中一名学生考试不及格)。

另外,“one”还可以作为连词使用,表示起到连接两个并列句子的作用。

例如:I like reading books and one playing computer games.(我喜欢看书和玩电脑游戏);She was tired but one she managed to finish the task.(她很累,但是她还是完成了任务)。

总之,“one”是一个重要的英语单词,它不仅可以作为形容词、代词、副词、名词、连词等多种形式出现,而且还有许多含义,如唯一、开始、原点、孤独等等。

数量词1-100,第1到第100单词翻译音标

数量词1-100,第1到第100单词翻译音标

[ˈfɔːtiˈeit] [ˈfɔːtiːnˈaɪn] [ˈfɪftɪ] [ˈfiftiwʌn] [ˈfɪftiːtˈuː] [ˈfɪftiːθ rˈiː] [ˈfɪftiːfˈɔːr] [fːftifaiv] [ˈfɪftiːsˈɪks] [ˈfɪftiːsˈevn] [ˈfɪftiːˈeɪt] [ˈfɪftiːnˈaɪn]
[sɪksˈtiːn; ˈsɪkstiːn]
[sev(ə)nˈtiːn; ˈsev(ə)ntiːn] [eɪˈtiːn; ˈeɪtiːn] [naɪnˈti ː n; ˈnaɪnti ː n[ˈ]twentɪ]
[ˈtwentɪˌwʌn]
[ˌtwentɪˈtuː]
[tˈwentiːθrˈiː] [tˈwentiːfˈɔːr]
seventy-second 第七十二
seventy-third 第七十三
seventy-fourth 第七十四
seventy-fifth 第七十五
seventy-sixth 第七十六
seventy-seventh 第七十七
seventy-eighth 第七十八
seventy-ninth 第七十九
eightieth
fortieth
第四十
forty-first
第四十一
[ˈnaɪntiːsˈɪks] [ˈnaɪntiːsˈevn] [ˈnaɪntiːˈeɪt] [ˈnaɪntiːnˈaɪn] [wʌn] [ˈhʌndrəd] [wʌn] ['θ aʊz(ə)nd]
[fɜːst] [ˈsek(ə)nd] [θ ɜːd] [fɔːθ ] [fɪfθ ] [sɪksθ ] [ˈsev(ə)nθ ] [eɪtθ ] [ˈnaɪnθ ] [tenθ ] [ɪˈlev(ə)nθ ] [twelfθ ] [ˈθ ɜːtiːnθ ] [ˌfɔːˈtiːnθ ] [fɪfˈtiːnθ ] [ˈsɪksˈtiːnθ ] [ˌsevənˈtiːnθ ] [ˈeɪˈtiːnθ ] [ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ ] [ˈtwentiəθ ] [ˌtwentɪˈfˈɜːst] [ˌtwentɪˈsekənd] [ˌtwentɪˈθ ɜːd] [tˈwentiːfˈɔːθ ] [tˈwentiːfˈɪfθ ] [tˈwentiːsˈɪksθ ] [tˈwentiːsˈevnθ ] [tˈwentiːˈeɪtθ ] [tˈwentiːnˈaɪnθ ] [ˈθ ɜːtɪɪθ ] [ˈθ ɜːtiːfˈɜːst] [ˈθ ɜːtiːsˈekənd] [ˈθ ɜːtiːθ ˈɜːd] [ˈθ ɜːtiːfˈɔːθ ] [ˈθ ɜːtiːfˈɪfθ ] [ˈθ ɜːtiːsˈɪksθ ] [ˈθ ɜːtiːsˈevnθ ] [ˈθ ɜːtiːˈeɪtθ ] [ˈθ ɜːtiːnˈaɪnθ ] [ˈfɔːtiəθ ] [ˈfɔːtiːfˈɜːst]

英文翻译1

英文翻译1

Fruitful lterviewThe coming early summer is again the time when college students are busy with job interviews in the hope that four years high priced education was not in vain.A job hunter can have the best credentials in the world but still fail the job interview. If that happens ,his dreams of employment are shattered at least with one employer.Some people are naturally better at interviews than others, thanks to an outgoing personality. But it takes more than a smooth talk to get a job. Personnel experts say that preparation is the thing. Learn how to play the game of hard questions, which is what a job interview is all about. Interviewers may differ in technique, but there are some common questions most of them always ask.“The first 60 to 80 seconds are the most important part of an interview,” Ed. Morsier, a director of the Graduate School in Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh said.“This occurs during the small talk before the hard questions begin. If you can relate some unique experience that will make the interviewer remember you, you may clinch a job,” he said.But it must be done without.appearing to be contrived. I remember a girl who mentioned that she did macrame. So did the interviewer's wife. Some of the questions seem harmless enough.Actually, they are tricksdesigned to bring out your weaknesses and strengths.“Tell me about your life”is almost always asked. It is a trap for ramblers. The interviewer wants to see how quickly you organize your thoughts and how well you communicate.Someone who rambles a lot is on shaky ground.Your answer also provides a glimpse of your character and interest. Morsier recalled an episode about a lawyer being interviewed for trial work with a large firm. “She talked about a skiing medal she had won. It showed she liked to win.” So she was given the position.Another question that usually catches people off guard: What is your weakness?It’s a most difficult question. One should always try to present a weakness in a positive light. You might say: “One of my problems is that I’m a perfectionist. It interferes with my personal life because I’m always taking work home.”Perhaps the most dangerous booby trap is the inquiry: What do you think of your former boss or company?“Never bad-mouth anyone”,advises Morsier. If you were fired,try to owe it to personality conflicts rather than to some other people. But always stress that the conflicts didn’t prevent you from doing your job well.Be more careful about the presentation of your former boss. It might benoted that “he helped me learn specific skills” or “he was under a lot of pressures” . You might add, “But Iwould have handled differently and shown more compassion to the employees.”有收获的面试又是那个让所有的大学生都忙于找工作的夏季到来了,从而希望四年的高学费没有白交。

情景对话中英文翻译1

情景对话中英文翻译1

1.我们国家最重要的传统节日是春节,那时我们会走亲访友。

The spring festival is the most important traditional festival in our country. At that time, we will visit our relatives and friends.2.我家离学校大约五公里远,所以我们通常乘坐公共汽车上学。

It’s about five kilometers from my home to the school. So we usually go to school by bus.3.我姓布朗,我的电话号码是80047562.My family name is Brown. My telephone number is 80047562.4.我的奶奶八十岁了,她的身体依然健康。

My grandmother is eighty years old. She is still very healthy.5.城市的空气污染越来越严重,我们出行应该经常乘坐公交车。

Air pollution is more and more serious in our city. We should usually go out by bus.6.我更喜欢旅游,旅游能让我放松身心。

I prefer going on a trip. It can make me feel relaxed.7.我喜欢听流行音乐,周杰伦是我最喜欢的歌手。

I like popular music. Jay Chou is my favorite singer.8.我爸爸送我一台ipad,它很方便很有用。

My father gave me an ipad. It is very convenient and useful.9.我的圣诞节礼物是一张明信片,上面有一只可爱的熊猫。

eviews各模块英文翻译(1)

eviews各模块英文翻译(1)

1、主界面:File——文件Edit——编辑Object——对象View——查看Proc——过程(处理)Quick——快速Options——选项Window——窗口Help——帮助2、File——文件New——新建Open——打开Save——保存Save As——另存为、Close——关闭Import——输入Export——出口Print——打印Print Setup——打印设置Run——运行Exit——退出Undo——撤销Cut——剪切Copy——复制Paste——粘贴Paste Special——选择性粘贴Delete——删除Find——查找Replace——替换Next——下一个Insert Text File——插入文本文件4、Object——对象New Object——新对象Fetch From DB——从数据库中获取···Store to DB——储存在数据库中···Copy Object——复制对象Name——命名Delete——删除Freeze Output——冻结结果Print——打印View Options——查看选项Sample——样本Generate Series——生成序列Show——展示Graph——图表Empty Group(Edit Series)——空集Series Statistics——序列统计Group Statistics——集合统计Estimate Equation——估计方程Estimate VAR——估计VAR6、Options——选项General Options——常规选项Graphics defaults——默认图像Database Registry——数据库注册表后续的会陆续上传··。

数字一到十怎么用英文翻译

数字一到十怎么用英文翻译

数字一到十怎么用英文翻译数字一到十怎么用英文翻译大家都会从数字一数到十,但就不一定会知道怎么用英文来翻译它们了。

以下是店铺为大家整理了数字一到十的具体英文翻译形式,一起来看看吧!数字一到十的英文翻译1 one2 two3 three4 four5 five6 six7 seven8 eight9 nine10 ten数字10的英文翻译:ten英 [ten] 美 [tn]情景对话结婚纪念日A:Happy anniversary! It’s our tenth anniversary.结婚纪念日快乐。

这是我们结婚10周年。

B:Thanks for ten wonderful years.谢谢你给了我美好的`10年。

保险A:Here. Take these pills (three times/ twice/ ten times) every (day/ an hour/ thirty minutes).这个,这种药每(天/小时/半小时)服用(3次/两次/10次)。

B:Does my insurance cover them?是由保险金支付吗?找工作B:What kind of work-related experience do you have?你有何工作经验?A:Well, I worked for (two years/ six months/ ten years) as manager at my previous company.哦,我在以前的公司做了(两年/六个月/十年)的经理。

数字6的英文翻译:six英 [sks] 美 [sks]1. And premiums from the new business climbed 70 percent in the first six months, hitting 33 million by the end of June.2. There will be six language courses available, ranging from CEO business level to creative writing for English learners.3. Six are former officials at local sports lottery administrative centres, while the others were a private business man and his five partners.4. Although Six Sigma started off as a QA system, it has now grown into a complete business management programme.5. He was placed on inactive Guard duty six months before his commitment ended at his request because he was starting Harvard Business School.6. Statistics from the bureau show that a new business can provide an average of six jobs.7. " We plan to open three to six stores in China per year, " Chen tells China Business Weekly at a Tiffany promotion in Beijing.8. After an investigation lasting more than six months, police finally busted the gang on May 21 last year.9. Police and animal protection volunteers rescued six dogs from the clutches of an unlicensed butcher in Mentougou districtlast Friday.10. Butler's contract was terminated following his suspension for six months for claiming that two players brought female guests to their hotel rooms after a curfew.数字5的英文翻译:five英 [fav] 美 [fav]1. Britain wonfivegold medals.英国夺取了五块金牌。

人教版三年级英语上册课文翻译Unit1-Unit5

人教版三年级英语上册课文翻译Unit1-Unit5

【导语】英语课⽂的翻译应该怎么写?翻译是在准确、通顺的基础上,把⼀种语⾔信息转变成另⼀种语⾔信息的⾏为。

⽆忧考为⼤家提供《⼈教版三年级英语上册课⽂翻译Unit 1- Unit 5》,欢迎阅读。

1.⼈教版三年级英语上册课⽂翻译Unit 1 Unit 1 A-Let's talk.英语课⽂翻译 Hello, I’m Miss White. 你好,我是怀特⼩姐。

Hello, I’m Wu Yifan. 你好,我是吴⼀凡。

Hi, I’m Sarah. 你好,我是萨拉。

Unit 1 A-Let's chant.英语课⽂翻译 I have a ruler. Me too! 我有⼀把尺⼦。

我也有! I have a pencil. Me too! 我有⼀⽀铅笔。

我也有! I have a crayon. Me too! 我有⼀⽀蜡笔。

我也有! I have an eraser. Me too! 我有⼀块橡⽪。

我也有!2.⼈教版三年级英语上册课⽂翻译Unit 2 Mr Jones, this is Miss Green. 琼斯先⽣,这是格林⼩姐。

Good morning, Miss Green. 早上好,格林⼩姐。

Good morning. 早上好。

Unit 2 B-Let's talk.英语课⽂翻译 Hi, Mum. This is Wu Yifan. 嗨,妈妈。

这是吴⼀凡。

Good afternoon, Wu Yifan. 下午好,吴⼀凡。

Good afternoon. Nice to meet you. 下午好。

见到你很⾼兴。

Nice to meet you, too. 见到你也很⾼兴。

Unit 2 B-Let's check-Listen and tick(√) or cross(×).英语课⽂翻译 1. Girl: Colour it green! 1. ⼥孩:把它涂成绿⾊吧! Boy:OK. 男孩:好的。

自考英语20190301 翻译1 注释

自考英语20190301 翻译1 注释

20190301 翻译1一篇一篇文章理解,一句一句看懂,一个一个短语积累,一道一道题提高。

利用好配套Excel文档选自全国卷、北京卷、湖北卷• 不懂的题,多把句子读几遍,背诵。

语言无非是熟能生巧的过程。

• 专注于具体的题。

勿迷失在语法概念上。

与考试不相关的语法概念不必细究。

• 语法要重视知识点的积累,多在习题中体会。

翻译的语序在英汉翻译中,一般要尽量按照英文的语序翻译。

但在有些时候,中英文表达习惯不同,需要改变译文的顺序。

1. 地址His address is 3612 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA.他的地址是美国宾夕法尼亚州市场街3612号,邮政编码PA19104。

2. 时间地点My uncle passes away in hospital at 2:30 am, on September 12, 1999.我的叔叔于1999年9月12日凌晨2点30分在医院去世。

3. 短语East China 华东back and forth 来回地4. 定语结构中文中定语结构往往在所修饰词的前面,而英文中定语结构则多在后面,尤其是当定语教长时。

当定语结构过长时,则需要对顺序做出一些调整。

The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.昨天来我们学校参观的那个外国人来自加拿大。

5. 状语结构英文中句子成分往往是根据重要性来排列,因此状语从句常置于主句之后。

而中文中的状语从句则置于主句之前,遵循先条件从句后主句、先原因后结果、先目的后结果的顺序。

The government is determined to keep up the pressure whatever the cost it will pay in the end. 不论最终将付出什么代价,政府都决心继续施加压力。

6. 拆字They, not unexpectedly, did not respond.不出所料,他们没有回应。

电影常见英文翻译

电影常见英文翻译

1. ... Presents 出品2. ... Production, A Production of... 摄制3. A... Film 制片人4. Director, Directed by, A Film by 导演5. Screenplay by 编剧6. Based on a Story by 原著7. Produced by 制片8. Executive Producer 执行制片9. Production Manager 制片主任10. Director of Photography 摄影11. Music by 音乐12. Sound Effect 音响效果13. Sound Mixer 声音合成14. 1st Assistant Director 首席助理导演15. Casting by 选派演员16. Cast of Characters 演员表17. Starring 主演18. Costumer Designer 服装设计19. Art Director 美术20. Editor 剪辑21. Set Designer 布景设计22. Property Master 道具23. Gaffer 灯光24. Key Grip 首席场务25. Dolly Grip 轮架场务26. Best Boy 场务助理27. Make Up 化妆28. Hairdresser 发型29. Stunt Coordinator 特技协调30. Visual Effects 视觉效果31. Title 字幕32. Set Decorator 布景33. Script Supervisor 剧本指导1. Costume Design 服装设计2. Actor in a Supporting Role 男配角3. Make up 化妆4. Art Direction 艺术指导5. Live Action Short Film 纪实短片Animated Short Film 动画短片6. Sound Effects Editing 音响效果剪辑7. Sound 音响8. Actress in a Supporting Role 女配角9. Cinematography 摄影10. Film Editing 剪辑11. Visual Effects 视觉效果12. Documentary Short Subject 记录短片Documentary Feature 记录长片13. Foreign Language Film 外语片14. Lifetime Achievement 终身成就15. Original Musical or Comedy Score 音乐(喜剧)Original Dramatic Score 音乐(戏剧)16. Original Screenplay 原著剧本Screenplay Adaptation 剧本改编17. Original Song 歌曲18. Director 导演19. Actress in a leading Role 最佳女主角20. Actor in a leading Role 最佳男主角21. Picture 影片。

牛津高中英语模块1课文翻译

牛津高中英语模块1课文翻译

牛津高中英语模块1课文翻译M1 U1 Reading School life in the UK在英国的学校生活Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and excitingexperience for me.在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。

I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m.我很喜欢英国中学的作息时间,因为学校每天上午大约 9点上课,下午大约3点半放学。

This means I could get up an hour later than usual, as schools in China begin before 8 a.m. 这意味着我每天可以比以往晚一个小时起床,因为在中国学校每天上午8点之前就开始上课了。

On the first day, all of the newstudents attended an assembly in the school hall.开学第一天,所有的新生都去学校礼堂参加晨会。

I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana. We soon became bestfriends.我当时坐在一个名叫黛安娜的女孩身边。

我们很快就成了最好的朋友。

During the assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school.在晨会上,校长向我们宣布了校规。

He also told us that the best way to earn respect was todevote ourselves to study and achieve high grades. This sounded like my school inChina. 他还告诉我们,赢得尊重的最佳途径就是专心学习并取得好成绩。

(整理)地质专业英文翻译精选1

(整理)地质专业英文翻译精选1

a horizon a 层位a lineation a 线理a twin a 双晶aa lava 块熔岩aalenian stage 阿林阶abandon 废弃abandoned mine 废弃的矿山abandoned well 废孔abatis 通风隔墙abdomen 腹部abdominal appendage 腹肢abdominal cavity 腹腔abdominal fin 腹abductor 外展肌abductor muscle 外展肌abernathyite 水砷钾铀矿aberration 象差abichite 光线矿abiogenesis 自然发生abiogeny 自然发生abiotic factor 非生物因素ablation 剥蚀ablation breccia 剥蚀角砾岩ablation moraine 消融碛ablation skin 熔蚀皮ablation till 消融碛ablykite 阿布石abnormal 异常的abnormal interference color异常干涉色abnormal metamorphism 异常变质作用abolition 废除abrade 剥蚀abrasion 海蚀abrasion platform 磨蚀台地abrasion surface 浪蚀面abrasion terrace 磨蚀阶地abrasionn test 磨耗试验abrasive 磨料;海蚀的abrazite 多水高岭土absarokite 正边玄武岩absite 钍钛铀矿absolute age 绝对年龄absolute black body 绝对黑体absolute chronology 绝对年代学absolute dating 绝对年代测定absolute geopotential 绝对重力势absolute porosity 绝对孔隙率absolute pressure 绝对压力absolute structure 绝对构造absorbed water 吸附水absorbent 吸收剂absorber 吸收器absorbing well 吸水井absorption 吸收absorption axis 吸收轴absorption border 融蚀缘absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption edge 吸收端absorption factor 吸收率absorption spectrum 吸收光谱absorptive capacity 吸收率absorptivity 吸收性abukumalite 铋磷灰石abundance 丰度abundance of elements 元素丰度abundance of isotopes 同位素丰度abundance ratio of isotopes 同位素相对丰度abysmal deposits 深海沉积物abyss 深海abyssal 深海的abyssal benthic zone 深渊底栖带abyssal deposits 深海沉积物abyssal facies 深海相abyssal hills province 深海丘陵区abyssal injection 深成贯入abyssal rock 深成岩abyssal sediments 深海沉积物acadialite 红菱沸石acadian stage 阿卡德阶acalycine 无花萼的acalycinous 无花萼的acanthite 螺状硫银矿acanthoid 刺状的acaulescent 无茎的acaulous 无茎的acaustobiolite 非燃性生物岩accelerated development 上升发育acceleration 促进accelerometer 加速度计accessory 副的accessory ejecta 早成同源抛出物accessory minerals 副矿物accidental ejecta 异源抛出物accidental inclusion 外源包体accidental species 偶见种accidental xenolith 外源包体acclivity 上坡accompanying mineral 伴生矿物accordance of summit levels 山峰高度一致accordant junction 交合汇流accordion fold 棱角褶皱accretion 附加体accretion gley 结核潜育层accretion theory 吸积理论accretionary lapilli 团积火山砾accumulate 堆积accumulated temperature 积温accumulation 堆积accumulation horizon 聚积层accumulation moraine 堆积冰碛accumulation terrace 堆积阶地accumulation theory of volcano 火山堆积说accumulation till 堆积冰碛accumulative phase 堆积相accuracy 准确度acephalous 无头的acephalous larva 无头幼虫acerous 针状的acetate 醋酸盐acetic acid 醋酸acf diagram acf 图解achavalite 硒铁矿achiardite 坏晶石achirite 透视石achlamydeous 无花被的achlusite 钠滑石achondrite 无球粒陨石achroite 无色电气石achromaite 浅闪石achromatic body 消色物体achromatic lens 消色差透镜achromatism 消色差achromatize 消色acicular 针状的aciculiform 针状的acid base equilibrium 酸碱平衡acid earth 酸性白土acid humus 酸性腐殖质acid mine drainage 酸性矿水排水acid plagioclase 酸性斜长石acid rock 酸性岩acid soil 酸性土acid solution 酸性溶液acid spring 酸性泉acid treatment of oil payzone 油层酸处理acid treatment of well 井的酸处理acidic lava 酸性熔岩acidification 酸化acidimetry 酸量滴定法acidite 酸性岩acidity 酸度acidizing of well 井的酸处理acidophilous plants 适酸植物acidotrophic lake 酸性营养湖acidulation 酸化acline twin 翻底双晶acmite 锥辉石acotyledon 无子叶植物acotyledonous 无子叶的acoustic basement 声波基底acoustic foundation 声波基底acoustic logging 声波测井acquired character 获得形质acre foot 英亩英尺acrobatholithic 露岩基的acrochordite 球砷锰矿acrospore 顶生孢子actinides 锕系元素actinium 锕actinolite 阳起石actinolite asbestos 阳起石石棉actinolite schist 阳起片岩actinolitic greenschist facies 阳起绿色片岩相actinometer 日射表actinometry 光化测定actinomorphic 辐射对称的actinomorphous 辐射对称的actinomyces 放线菌类actinostele 星状中柱actinouranium 锕铀actinula 辐射幼虫activated adsorption 活化吸附activated carbon 活性炭activated clay 活化粘土activated complex 活化络合物activated water 活化水activation 活化activation analysis 活化分析activation cross section 活化截面activation energy 活化能activation logging 活化测井activation method 活化法activation of platform 地台活化activator 活化剂active fault 活断层active folding 活褶曲作用active glacier 活动冰川active humus 活性腐殖质active hydrogen 活性氢active plate 移动板块active remote sensing 织式遥感active tectonic pattern 活动构造型式active volcano 活火山active water 侵蚀性水activity 活度activity coefficient 活度系数activization 活化作用activization platform block 活化台块actual reserves 实在储藏量actual volume 实际容积actualily 真实actualism 现实论actuopalaeontology 现实古生物学acute 急尖的acute bisectrix 锐角等分线acutifoliate 尖叶的adamant 硬石adamantine 坚硬的adamantine lustre 金刚光泽adamantine spar 刚玉adamellite 石英二长岩adamine 水砷锌矿adamite 水砷锌矿adamsite 暗绿云母adaptability 适应性adaptation 适应adaptive radiation 适应辐射adcumulate 累积岩addition 添加additional phase 加成相adductor 收肌adductor muscle scar 收肌筋痕adelite 砷钙镁石adelogenic 显衡隐晶质的adelpholite 铌铁锰矿adenoid 腺样的adergneiss 脉状片麻岩adhering 粘附性的;附着adhesion 粘附adhesive disk 吸盘adhesiveness 胶糟性adiabat 绝热线adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic curve 绝热线adiabatic equilibrium 绝热平衡adiabatic heating 绝热增温adiabatic lapse rate 绝热温度梯度adiabatic process 绝热过程adiabatic state 绝热状态adiabatic temperature gradient 绝热温度梯度adiagnostic 隐微晶质的adigeite 镁蛇纹石adinole 钠长英板岩adipocerite 伟晶腊石adipocire 伟晶腊石adipose cell 脂细胞adit 平峒adjacent rock 围岩adjacent sea 边缘海adjoining rock 围岩adjustment 蝶admimistration 管理admission 收气adobe 灰质粘土adoral 口侧的adsorbent 吸附剂adsorbing material 吸附剂adsorption 吸附adsorption indicator 吸附指示剂adsorptive capacity 吸附能力adular 冰长石adularia 冰长石adult 成体advance 前进adventitious plants 外来植物adventive crater 寄生火口adventive volcano 寄生火山aecidiospore 锈孢子aeciospore 锈孢子aegirine 霓石aegirine augite 霓辉石aegirite 霓石aenigmatite 三斜闪石aeolian clastics 风成碎屑岩aeolian deposit 风积aeolian landform 风成地形aeolian soil 风积土aeration 充气aeration tissue 通气组织aeration zone 饱气带aerenchyma 通气组织aerial method of geology 航空地质甸方法aerial photography 航空摄影学aerial ropeway 架空死aerial survey 航空测量aerial triangulation 航空三角测量aerify 使呈气态aerobe 需气生物aerocartograph 航空测图仪aerogenous rock 风成岩aerogeography 航空地理学aerogeology 航空地质学aerolite 石陨石aerolith 石陨石aeromagnetic survey 航空磁测aerophotogeological map 航空摄影地质图aerophotogrammetry 航空摄影测量学aerophotography 航空摄影学aerophotography of geology 地质专业航空摄影aeroplankton 大气浮游生物aeroradioactive survey 航空放射性测量aerosiderite 铁陨石aerosiderolite 铁石陨石aerosite 深红银矿aerugite 块砷镍矿aeschynite 易解石affiliation 亲缘关系affine deformation 均匀变形affinity 亲和力afflux 汇入after deep 后渊aftereffect 后效aftershock 余震afwillite 桂硅钙石agalite 纤滑石agalmatolite 寿山石agamogony 无配子生殖agate 玛瑙age 龄期age determination 时代鉴定age of cycads 苏铁植物时代age spectra 年龄谱ageing of colloids 胶体熟化agent of erosion 侵蚀力agents of metamorphism 变质营力ageostrophic wind 非地转风agglomerate 集块岩agglomerate lava 集块熔岩agglomeratic 集块岩状的agglomeration 烧结agglutinate 粘合集块岩agglutination 胶着agglutinin 凝集素aggradation 加积aggradation terrace 堆积阶地aggradational plain 堆积平原aggregate 集合体aggregation 聚集aggressive water 侵进水agitation 搅拌agmatite 角砾混合岩agnatha 无颌类agnolite 红硅钙锰矿agnotozoic era 元古代agpaite 钠质火成岩agreement 协议agricolite 闪铋矿agricultural geology 农业地质学agricultural geomorphology 农业地貌学agroforestrial geology 农林地质学agrogeology 农业地质学agrohydrologg 农业水文学aguilarite 辉硒银矿aidyrlite 杂硅铝镍矿aikinite 针硫铋铅矿air borne radioactivity 大气放射性air chamber 气室air compressor 空气压缩机air damping 空气制动air drilling 空气钻进air drying 风干air elutriation 空气淘析air flush drilling 空气冲洗钻井air gun 空气枪air hammer 气锤air lift 气动提升机air permeability 透气性air pressure 空气压力air release valve 放气阀air sac 气囊air separating tank 空气分离罐air separator 气力分离器air shrinkage 空气收缩air vent 排气孔air volcano 气火山airborne electromagnetic method 航空电磁法airborne electromagnetics 航空电磁法airborne magnetic prospecting 航空磁法勘探airborne magnetometer 航空地磁仪airborne remote sensing 航空遥感airborne survey 航空甸airial camera 航空摄影机airview 空瞰图airy phase 艾氏相airy's spiral 艾氏螺旋akaustobiolite 非燃性生物岩akaustobiolith 非燃性生物岩akerite 英辉正长岩akermanite 镁黄长石akf diagram akf图解akinete 厚壁孢子akrochordite 球砷锰矿aksaite 阿氏硼镁石ala twin 轴双晶alabandine 硫锰矿alabandite 硫锰矿alabaster 雪花石膏alabastrite 雪花石膏alamosite 铅灰石alar 翼状的alary 翼状的alaskaite 铅泡铋矿alaskite 白岗岩alate 有翼的albedo 反照率albers' equal area projection 亚尔勃斯等积投影albertite 黑沥青albian 阿尔布阶albian stage 阿尔布阶albite 钠长石albite twin 钠长石双晶albitite 钠长石玢岩albitization 钠长石化albitophyre 钠长斑岩alboranite 紫苏变玄岩aleurolite 粉砂岩aleuropelitic 粉砂泥的aleutite 易辉安山岩alexandrite 翠绿宝石algae 藻类algae control 藻类控制algal ball 海藻饼algal biscuit 海藻饼algal coal 藻煤algal fungi 藻菌类algal limestone 藻灰岩algal reef 藻礁algal structure 藻结构alginite 藻类体algodonite 微晶砷铜矿algology 藻类学algonkian 阿尔冈纪algonkian system 阿尔冈系algovite 辉斜岩aliphatic compound 脂族化合物alizarin 二羟蒽醌alkali 碱alkali alumina metasomatism 碱氧化铝交代alkali basaet 碱性玄武岩alkali earth metal 碱土金属alkali feldspar 碱性长石alkali flat 碱覆盖坪alkali gabbro 碱性辉长岩alkali granti 碱性花岗岩alkali lime index 碱灰质指数alkali metal 碱金属alkali olivine basalt 碱性橄榄玄武岩alkali pyroxene 碱性辉石alkali rock series 碱性岩系alkali salt 碱盐alkali soil 碱土alkali syenit 碱性正长岩alkalic rock 硷性岩alkalic ultrabasic rock 碱超基性岩alkalify 碱化alkalimetry 碱量滴定法alkaline amphibolization 碱性角闪石化alkaline earth 碱土族alkaline earth metal 碱土金属alkaline metasomatism 碱性交代作用alkaline pyroxenization 碱性辉石化alkaline rock 硷性岩alkaline rocks 碱性岩类alkaline soil 碱性土alkaline solution 碱性溶液alkaline spring 碱泉alkalinity 碱度alkalipicrite 碱性苦橄岩alkalitrophic lake 碱液营养湖alkalization 碱化作用alkalize 碱化alkaloid 生物碱alkanes 链烷烃allactite 砷水锰矿allagite 绿蔷薇辉石allalinite 浊变辉长岩allanite 褐帘石alleghanyite 粒硅锰矿allemontite 砷锑矿allite 铝铁土allivalite 橄榄钙长岩allobar 变压区allocation 分配allochemical metamorphism 异化变质allochetite 霞辉二长斑岩allochroite 粒榴石allochromatic colour 假色allochromatism 假色allochthone 移置岩体allochthonous 外来的allochthonous coal 异地生成煤allochthonous deposit 移积allochthonous fold 移置性褶曲allochthonous limestone 移置灰岩alloclastic breccia 火山碎屑角砾岩allogenic 他生的allogenic element 他生元素allogenic mineral 他生矿物allogenic succession 他生演替allomerism 异质同晶现象allometamorphism 他变作用allometry 异速生长allomigmatite 他混合岩allomorph 同质异形的allomorphism 同质异晶allomorphous 同质异形的allopalladium 硒钯矿allopatric polymorphism 同质多形allophane 水铝英石allophase metamorphism 他相变质alloskarn 外成夕卡岩allothigenic 他生的allothigenous 他生的allotriomorphic 他形的allotriomorphic granular texture 他形晶粒状结构allotriomorphic structure 他形构造allotriomorphic texture 他形结构allotrope 同素异形体allotropic modification 同素异形体allotropic transformation 同素异晶变化allotropism 同素异形allotropy 同素异形allotype 异模式标本alloy 合金alluvial 冲积的alluvial apron 山麓冲积扇alluvial channel 冲积河道alluvial cone 冲积锥alluvial deposit 冲积层alluvial fan 冲积扇alluvial fan deposit 冲积扇层alluvial ore deposit 冲积矿床alluvial placer 冲积砂矿床alluvial plain 冲积平原alluvial sand ripples 河成砂纹alluvial sand wave 河成沙波alluvial soil 冲积土alluvial terrace 冲积阶地alluvial veneer 冲积表层alluviation 冲积alluvion 冲积层alluvium 冲积层almandine 铁铝榴石almandite 铁铝榴石alnico 铝镍钴合金alnoite 黄长煌斑岩alp 高山alpha quartz 石英alpha ray spectrometer 能谱仪alphitite 岩粉土alpides 阿尔卑斯造山带alpine animals 高山动物alpine belt 高山带alpine orogeny 阿尔卑斯造山运动alpine type peridotite 阿尔卑斯式橄榄岩alpine type vein 阿尔卑斯型矿脉alpinotype orogeny 阿尔卑斯型造山作用alpinotype tectonics 阿尔卑斯型构造alsbachite 榴云细斑岩alstonite 碳碱钙钡矿altaite 碲铅矿altar 腋生的altazimuth 经纬仪alteration 蚀变alteration halo 蚀变晕alteration zone 蚀变晕altered aureole 蚀变晕altered mineral 蚀变矿物alternant 交替的alternate phyllotaxis 互生叶序alternately pinnate 互生羽状的alternating 交替alternating layers 互层alternation 互层alternation of beds 互层alternation of generations 世代交替alternative 可选择的altimeter 高度计altitude 高度altitudinal zonality 垂直分布带alum 茂alum shale 茂页岩alum slate 茂板岩alumian 无水矾石alumina 矾土aluminate 铝酸盐aluminite 矾石aluminum 铝alumochromite 铝铬铁矿alunite 茂石alunitization 茂石化alunogen 毛矾石alurgite 锰云母alveolar 蜂窝状alvite 铪锆石amagmatic 非岩浆活动的amalgam 汞齐amalgamation 混汞作用amarantite 红铁矾amazonite 天河石amazonitization 天河石化ambatoarinite 碳酸锶铈矿amber 钙铝榴石amberite 灰黄琥珀ambient 外界的ambiguity 多义性amblygonite 磷铝石ambrite 灰黄琥珀ambulacral foot 管足ambulacral system 步带系ambularcral zone 步带ameba 变形虫amendment 修正;校正americium 镅amesite 镁绿泥石ametaboly 无变态amethyst 紫水晶amherstite 反条正长闪长岩amianthus 石棉amino acid metabolism 氨基酸代谢aminobenzoic acid 氨基苯酸ammonioborite 水铵硼石ammonites 菊石类amorphous 非晶质的amorphous graphite 无定型石墨amorphous silica 无定形硅氧amosite 铁石棉amount 总计amount of evaporation 蒸发量amount of precipitation 降水量amount of throw 纵距ampangabeit 铌链铁铀矿ampelite 黄铁炭质页岩amphibia 两栖类amphibious plants 两栖植物amphibole 闪石amphibolite 闪岩amphibolite facies 角闪岩相amphibolization 闪石化作用amphigene 白榴石amphigenite 白榴熔岩amphiprotic 两性的ampholyte 两性电解质amphoteric 两性的amphoteric electrolyte 两性电解质amphoteric element 两性元素amphoteric ion 两性离子amphoteric oxide 两性氧化物amphoterite 无粒古橄陨石amplexicaul 抱茎的amplifier for photocurrents 光电僚大器amplitude 振幅amplitude correction 振幅校正amplitude spectrum 振幅谱amygdale 杏仁孔amygdaloid 杏仁岩amygdaloidal 杏仁状的amygdaloidal structure 杏仁状构造amygdule 杏仁孔anabatic wind 谷风anabolism 合成代谢anaboly 后加演化anaclinal 逆向的anadiagenesis 前进成岩作用anaerobe 厌气微生物anaerobic bacteria 嫌气细菌anaerobiosis 嫌气生活anagenesis 前进演化anal fin 臀鳍anal gland 肛腺analbite 单斜钠长石analcime 方沸石analcimite 方沸岩analcimolith 方沸岩analcite 方沸石analog 相似体analogous organ 同功瀑analogue 相似体analogy 类似analysis by sedimentation 沉积分析analytic standard 分析标准analytical balance 分析天平anamesite 中粒玄武岩anamigmatism 深溶混合岩化anamorphic zone 合成变质带anamorphism 合成变质anapaite 三斜磷钙铁矿anaseism 背震中anastomose 网结anastrophen 倒装法anatase 锐钛矿anatectic magma 深熔岩浆anatectite 深熔混合岩anatexis 深熔作用anauxite 富硅高岭石anchieutectic 近底共融的anchimetamorphism 近变质作用anchimonomineralic 近单矿物的anchor ice 底冰ancient channel 古河道ancient elephant 古大象ancient landform 古地形ancylite 菱锶铬矿andalusite 红柱石andersonite 水碳钠钙铀矿andesine 中长石andesite 安山岩andesite line 安山岩线andorite 锑铅银矿andradite 钙铁榴石anemoclastics 风成碎屑岩anemophilous plant 风媒植物anemophily 风媒anemousite 三斜霞石angara flora 安加拉植物群angara shield 安加拉古陆angaraland 安加拉古陆angarides 安加拉古陆angiospermous 被子的angiosperms 被子植物angle of contact 接触角angle of draw 陷落角angle of incidence 入射角angle of inclination 倾斜角angle of internal friction 内摩擦角angle of reflection 反射角angle of refraction 折射角angle of repose 休止角angle of strike 走向角度angle of subsidence 陷落角anglesite 硫酸铅矿angrite 钛辉无球粒陨石angular 有角的angular discordance 斜交不整合angular unconformity 钭文不整合angularity 有角angustifoliate 狭叶的anhedral 他形的anhydration 脱水anhydride 无水物anhydrite 硬石膏anhydrite formation 硬石膏层anhysteretic remanent magnetiazation 非滞后剩余磁化animal charcoal 动物煤animal debris 动物残余animal theory 动物成因论animikie system 安尼迷基系animikite 铅银砷镍矿anisian 安尼阶anisodesmic structure 蛤稳变异构造anisometric 非等轴的anisophyllous 不等叶的anisotrophism 蛤异性anisotropic 非均质的anisotropic fabric 蛤异性组构anisotropy 蛤异性anisotropy of crystals 晶体蛤异性ankaramite 钭长辉石岩ankaratrite 橄霞玄武岩ankerite 铁白云石anna aannabergite 镍华annealing recrystallization 退火重结晶作用annelids 环节动物annerodite 铌钇铀矿annite 羟铁云母annivite 铋铜矿annual 年刊annual amount of precipitation 年降水量annual plant 一年生植物annual ring 年轮annular 环状的annulation 环annulus 体环anomalous electric field 异常电场anomalous extinction 异常消光anomalous interference color 异常干涉色anomalous lead 异常铅anomalous upheaval 异常隆起anomaly 异常anomite 褐云母anonymous 不具名的anorogenic period 非造山期anorogenic time 非造山期anorthite 钙长石anorthitite 钙长岩anorthoclase 歪长石anorthosite 斜长岩antagonism 对抗作用antarctic 南极antarctica 南极大陆antecedent 先行的antecedent precipitation index 前期降雨指标antecedent river 先成河antecedent valley 先成谷anteclise 台背斜antegenetic river 原生河antenna 触角antennule 第一触角anther 药antheridium 精子囊antholite 直闪石anthophyllite 直闪石anthozoa 珊烘类anthracite 无烟煤anthracite coal 无烟煤anthraconite 沥青灰岩anthraxolite 碳沥青anthraxylon 纯木煤anthropogenic factor 人为因素anthropogeography 人类地理学anthropoid 类人猿anthropoid apes ape 类人猿anthropology 人类学anthropophyte 人为植物anthropostratigraphy 人类地层学antibonding electron 反键电子anticathode 对阴极anticlinal 背钭的anticlinal axis 背斜轴anticlinal bend 背斜弯曲anticlinal dome 背斜隆起anticlinal fault 背斜断层anticlinal fold 背斜anticlinal limb 背斜翼anticlinal mountain 背斜脊anticlinal ridge 背斜脊anticlinal theory 背斜理论anticlinal trap 背斜圈闭anticlinal valley 背斜谷anticlinal zone 背斜带anticline 背斜anticlinorium 复背斜anticlise 台背斜anticlockwise 反时针方向的anticoincidence 反符合antidune 反沙丘antiferromagnetism 反铁磁性antifluorite structure 反萤石结构antiform 背斜型构造antiformal syncline 背斜型向斜antigorite 叶蛇纹石antimonite 辉锑矿antimony 锑antimony bloom 锑华antipathy 不相容antipertite 反纹长石antiseismic 抗震的antiseptic 防腐剂antistress mineral 反应力矿物antisymmetrization 反对称化antithetic fault 反向断层antlerite 块铜矾antofagastite 水氯铜矿anulus 体环apachite 闪辉响岩apatite 磷灰石aperiodicity 非周期性aperture 孔apex 背斜顶apex of shell 壳顶aphanic 显衡隐晶质的aphaniphyric 隐晶斑状aphanite 隐晶岩aphanitic texture 隐晶结构aphanitic variolitic texture 隐晶球颗结构aphotic zone 无光带aphrosiderite 铁华绿泥石aphthalose 钾芒硝aphthitalite 钾芒硝aphthonite 银铜矿aphyric 无斑隐晶质的apical disk 顶系apical system 顶系apjohnite 锰茂aplite 细晶岩aplitic 细晶状的aplitic facies 细晶岩相aplitic texture 细晶岩构造aplogranite 淡色花岗岩apoandesite 脱玻安山岩apobasalt 脱玻玄武岩apogee 远地点apogranite 变花岗岩apolar adsorption 非极性吸附apomagmatic 外岩浆的apomagmatic deposit 外岩浆矿床apophyllite 鱼眼石apophyse 岩枝apophysis 岩枝apospory 无孢生殖apparent 外观上的apparent density 视密度apparent dip 视倾斜apparent heave 视横断距apparent resistivity 视电阻率apparent resistivity curve 视电阻率曲线apparent resistivity map 视电阻率图apparent specific gravity 表观比重apparent velocity 视速度apperance of crystal 结晶外貌apple coal 软煤applied geochemistry 应用地球化学applied geology 应用地质学applied geomorphology 应用地形学applied geothermics 应用地热学applied geothermy 应用地热学applied palaeontology 应用古生物学applied seismology 应用地震学appraisement 评价apron reef 石中住裙礁aptian 阿普第阶aptian stage 阿普第阶aqua regia 王水aquamarine 海蓝宝石aquatic 水生的aquatic animals 水栖动物aqueduct 沟渠aqueous deposit 水成沉积aqueous rock 水成岩aqueous soil 水成土aqueous solution 水溶液aquiclude 隔水层aquifer 含水层aquifer loss 含水层损失aquifer storage 合水层储水aquifer test 含水层试验aquiferous 含水的aquifuge 不透水层aquitanian stage 阿启坦阶aquitard 弱含水层arachnidea 蛛形类araeoxene 钒铅锌矿aragonite 文石arakawaite 磷锌铜矿aramayoite 硫铋锑银矿arandisite 硅锡矿arborescent 被状arc of compression 褶皱弧arc of folding 压缩弧arch 背斜archaean era 太古代archaeocyte 原始细胞archaeogeology 考古地质学archaeopteris flora 古蔽属植物群archaeopteryx 始祖鸟属archaeozoic 太古代的archaian 太古代的archbend 褶皱头部archean 太古代archean greenstone belt 太古代绿岩带arched structure 隆起构造archegone 颈卵器archegonium 颈卵器archeomagnetism 太古磁性archeophytic era 太古植物代archeozoic era 太古代archetype 原始型archipelagic apron 群岛沿边漫坡海底archipelago 群岛arcogenesis 地穹运动arcogeny 地穹运动arctic 北极圈arctic air mass 北极气团arctic front 北极锋arctic plants 北极植物arctic subregion 北极亚区arctoalpine 北极高山的arcuate 弓形的arcuate delta 弓形三角洲ardealite 磷石膏ardennite 锰硅铝矿area 分布区area of artesian flow 自廉区area of influence 影响区域areal eruption 区域喷溢arenaceous 砂屑的arenaceous rock 砂质岩arenaceous texture 砂质结构arenes 粗砂arenopelitic 砂泥质的arenose 粗砂质的arfvedsonite 钠钙闪石argentiferous 含银的argentite 辉银矿argentobismutite 硫银铋矿argentojarosite 辉银黄钾铁矾argentopyrite 含银黄铁矿argil 白粘土argillaceous 泥质的argillaceous limestone 泥质灰岩argillite 泥岩argillization 泥化argon 氩argyrodite 硫银锗矿arid basin 干燥盆地arid landform 干旱地形arid peneplain 干旱准平原arid zone 干旱带aridity coefficient 干燥系数aridity index 干燥指数ariegite 尖榴辉岩arithmetical averaging grade 算术平均品位arithmetical averaging thickness 算术平均厚度arizonite 红钛铁矿arkite 白榴霞斑岩arkose 长石石英岩arkosic sandstone 长石石英岩armangite 砷锰矿armored cone 熔壳火山锥armored fishes 甲胄鱼纲aromatic base crude oil 芳香基原油arrangement 配置arroyo 干谷arsenate 砷酸盐arsenic 砷arseniopleite 红砷铁矿arseniosiderite 钙砷铁矿arsenite 砷华arsenoclasite 水砷锰石arsenolite 砷华arsenomiargyrite 砷辉锑银矿arsenopyrite 毒砂arterite 层混合岩artesian aquifer 自廉层artesian basin 自廉盆地artesian ground water 自霖下水artesian pressure head 承压水位artesian spring 自联artesian water 自廉artesian well 自廉arthropoda 节肢动物artic front 北极峰articulation 关节artificial 人为的artificial classification 人为分类artificial crystal 人造晶体artificial diamond 人造金刚石artificial discharge 人工排泄artificial earth's satellite 人造地球卫星artificial earthquake 人为地震artificial ground water 人工地下水artificial hypocenter 人工震源artificial mineral 人造矿物artificial radio element 人工放射元素artificial radioactivity 人工放射性artificial recharge 人工补给artificial satellite 人造卫星artificial seismic source 人工震源artificial selection 人工淘汰artinite 纡维菱镁矿artinsk stage 阿丁斯克阶artinskian 阿丁斯克阶asbestos 石棉asbestus 石棉asbolane 钴土矿asbolite 钴土矿ascending development 上升发育ascension theory 上升说ascent curve 上升曲线aschaffite 云英钭煌岩ascharite 硼镁石aschistic 岩浆同质的aschistic dike 未分异岩脉aschistic dyke 未分异岩脉aschistite 未分异岩ascon type 单沟型ascospore 子囊孢子ascus 子囊aseismic 无震的asexual generation 无性世代asexual reproduction 无性生殖ash bed 火山灰层ash cloud 灰云ash cone 火山灰丘ash content of coal 煤灰分ash fall 降落灰ash flow 火山灰流ash free 无灰分的ash shower 降落灰ash structure 火山灰构造ashgillian stage 阿石极阶ashing 灰化asmanite 陨鳞石英asparagolite 黄绿磷灰石asparagus stone 黄绿磷灰石asperite 玻质英安岩asphalt 地沥青asphalt sealing trap 沥青塞圈闭asphaltenes 沥青质。

英文原文翻译1 加 脚注

英文原文翻译1  加 脚注

Sasha Obama: Holy Shit, I Just Realized People Want To Kill My Dad来源: 作者:kira86I've always known myfather was an important man.He is, after all, the presidentof the United States. But theother day, as I was runningaround on the playground, athought suddenly occurredto me, a horrible realization that stopped me dead in my tracks: There are people out there who want to kill my dad. My dad. The man who is raising me, who asks me how school is every day, who takes me to soccer games and reads me stories when I can't fall asleep at night. People want to murder him. They want to murder my father.Doesn't really get more fucked up than that, now, does it?When we first moved into the White House I was only 7 years old, too young to know that people wanted my dad dead. And I'll tell you what, I was a lot happier then. Now that I'm a little older, though, it's all becoming pretty clear. There aren't just four or five people who want my dad dead. Tons1of people want to murder him. Tons. People in this country, people in other countries. The bottom line—and this is the cold, hard reality that I now fully understand—is that every second of every day, people are thinking of ways to kill the person I love and admire more than anyone in the world.1 [tʌnz] n.吨;很多,大量Meanwhile, no one is plotting2the murder of, say, my friend Amanda's dad. He's a computer technician. No one is trying to assassinate3a computer technician. At no point in Amanda's day will she experience a rush of crippling4panic due to the fact that, at any moment, a psycho 5wielding a semiautomatic6weapon could step out of the shadows and unload an entire clip into her father's chest, killing him right on the spot7.That's just true. You can try to comfort me all you want, but you know damn well that's just a fact.Here's another awful thing I've finally started to understand: The chances of somebody killing my father are so high that there is an entire force of men and women whose singular8responsibility is to prevent that from happening. These people are specially trained. They create intricate plans specifically designed to protect my father, because no matter where he goes, somebody in the area probably wants to kill him. And look, I'm not some naïve little girl anymore. I can get on the Internet. I can research American presidents. I know damn well the Secret Service doesn't always succeed. Ronald Reagan9almost died, and he had a daughter just like me.Also, I know exactly who John F. Kennedy10is now. And I know exactly what happened to him.2 ['plɔtiŋ] v.密谋3 [əˈsæsɪˈneɪt] v.暗杀,行刺4 [ˈkrɪplɪŋ] adj. 造成严重后果的5 [ˈsaɪkoʊ] n. 心理分析,精神分析;精神病患者6 [ˈsemaɪɔtəˈmætɪk] adj. [自] 半自动的7 [spɑt] n.现场8 [ˈsɪŋɡjələr] adj. 奇异的,异常的9 罗纳德·里根美国第40位总统10 约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪美国第35任总统So, as this was all starting to sink11in—and I was pretty shocked, as you can probably imagine—it occurred to me that I have my own Secret Service detail, which means there are also people who want me dead. They want me, an 11-year-old little girl, dead. Same goes for my mom and big sister. I mean, shit, they want to kill my whole family.And you want to know what the worst part is? I have no idea where my dad is right now. I haven’t seen him all day. For all I know, he could be waving to a crowd of supporters at this very moment while some guy on a rooftop122,000 feet away has his head in the scope13of a high-powered rifle14, just waiting for the perfect moment to splatter15his brains all over the stage.Put yourself in my shoes for a second. Imagine you’re standing next to your dad, holding his hand and smiling, when all of a sudden a bullet pierces16through his skull17and drenches18your sundress in blood.Seriously, do you have any idea how messed up that is?And I’m not operating under the misconception19that all these people are going to get caught someday or just eventually give up. The most depressing thing is this will be going on for the rest of my life. Twenty years from now, when I’m living far away and have kids of my own, I could get a call from my mom with the news that Dad11 [sɪŋk] vi.渗透;下沉12 [ˈruːfˈtɒp] n. 屋顶13 [skoʊp] n. 范围;余地;视野;眼界;导弹射程14 [ˈraɪf(ə)l] n. 步枪;来复枪15 [ˈsplætər] vt. 使水等飞溅16 [pɪrz] vt. 刺穿17 [skʌl] n. 头盖骨,脑壳18 [drentʃ] vt. 使湿透19 [ˈmɪskənˈsepʃ(ə)n] n. 误解;错觉;错误想法is dead. That he was blown20to bits by a bomb in his car, and that they just barely found enough charred21remains22to identify the body.Well, great. I'm glad I finally figured all that out. Here's to a wonderful life, Sasha. I guess I'll just go outside now and play without a goddamn23care in the whole fucked-up24world.20 [bloʊn] v. 吹胀,爆炸21 [tʃɑrd] adj. 烧黑了的,烧焦的22 [rɪˈmeɪnz] n. 残余;遗骸23 [ˈɡɑdˈdæm] adj. 该死的;讨厌的;受诅咒的24 混乱的,乱糟糟的萨莎•奥巴马:天啊,我就意识到有人想杀我爸爸来源: 作者:kira86我一直知道我的爸爸是一个重要的人。

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外文资料翻译等离子渗氮塑料模具钢的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性的提高学生姓名:专业班级:指导教师:河北工程大学机电学院年月目录摘要 (I)第一章绪论 (1)第二章实验细节 (2)2.1材料和技术 (2)2.2摩擦和磨损试验 (3)2.3电化学行为测试 (3)第三章结果与讨论 (4)3.1微观结构 (4)3.2硬度 (7)3.3磨损性能 (7)3.4腐蚀行为 (10)第四章结论 (12)致谢 (12)摘要这项研究是通过等离子渗氮在硬化型塑料模具钢(NAK55)表面形成的沉淀层对其耐磨性和耐腐蚀性能的影响。

等离子体氮化处理实验是在一个25%N2+75%H2的工业氮化设施中以475℃,500℃,525℃三种温度下分别进行10小时。

通过X射线衍射的测定,研究了氮化层的微观结构和各种相。

磨损试验是在润滑的块状环形磨损试验机中进行。

其耐腐蚀性是在3.5%NaCl溶液中采用阳极极化测试的。

研究结果表明,等离子体氮化不会因为过时效处理而导致内部的软化。

渗氮和疲劳可能会在同一个测试周期的同时出现。

等离子渗氮NAK55模具钢的表面是由富含ε-氮化物的氮化层和在钢表面上相邻的氮扩散层组成的氮复合层。

提高渗氮时的温度可能会增加氮化层的厚度与氮化物的体积分数。

等离子渗氮同时提高了表面硬度和耐磨性。

钢的抗磨损性能被发现与增加到扩散层的厚度有关。

腐蚀研究表明,在腐蚀电位和腐蚀速率方面,离子渗氮显著提高了耐腐蚀性。

改善的耐腐蚀性被认为与钢表面增加的氮化物的体积分数有直接关系。

第一章 绪论 在聚合物的注塑成型中,模具是一个关键因素。

在工程塑料领域影响其持续增长的必要性是降低高性能模具钢的发展成本。

沉淀硬化工具钢现在用于该用途具有良好的效果—更好的质量,低廉的成本,并提高了性能。

其中一个是日本大同特殊钢研制的NAK55模具钢,用于制造塑料模具预硬钢。

通常经过溶液处理后,这种钢的硬度为30〜32HRC 。

在500℃下进行5小时老化,硬度可达到38〜41 HRC 。

在这种情况下,具有可忽略尺寸变化的优越表面的钢与AISI P-20工具钢相比,机械效率提高50%。

尽管这种钢可以达到相当高的机械性能,还可以通过表面处理如氮化手段来延长注塑模具的寿命。

氮化是一种将氮气引入金属材料的表面处理技术,可以提高其表面硬度,机械性能,以及耐磨及耐腐蚀性能。

常规气体和液体渗氮工艺不适合用于沉淀硬化钢,因为在这些过程中使用的高温超过550℃时就超过了这种钢的时效温度,并可能导致芯的过老化。

然而,等离子体氮化可以在比老化温度较低的温度中进行。

等离子体氮化处理工艺是在N 2和H 2的混合气体装置中,通过辉光放电,当钢处在500℃附近的温度时,氮气可以穿透钢的表面并扩散到内部。

在这种条件下,产生在钢表面上的氮化层的结构可分为一个化合物层和扩散层。

化合物层由ε(Fe 2 - 3 N )和γ'(Fe 4N )以及氮化物与合金元素组成,而扩散层主要填隙在固体原子的溶液和精细组成,与由达到溶解度极限后析出的氮化物一样。

这些层的厚度和组合物是的处理温度、时间和基体材料的组合物的函数。

扩散层决定了氮化层的强度,以及其疲劳强度,而化合物层决定耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。

一些研究标明,当表面层的每一个的单层由εFe 2 - 3 N 紧密排列成六边形的时候才得到最好的耐磨性。

此外,由于它的晶体结构和更高的氮含量,ε-氮化与γ'-氮化相比表现出更好的耐腐蚀性。

另一项调查报告说,在铁氮化后形成的γ'-氮化物表面层是相对稳定的腐蚀性介质。

因而氮化层的耐磨性及耐腐蚀性,依赖于构成的化合物层中氮化物的类型。

然而,对于等离子渗氮硬化工具钢,通过微观结构以及抗磨损和抗腐蚀性它们的影响有了更深的了解后,在这方面的工作还是很有限。

本文中的试验,NAK55模具钢的等离子渗氮在475℃,500℃,525℃下分别进行10小时。

表面氮化层与冶金组织、磨损性和腐蚀性有关,并对这一发现进行了评估,分析和讨论。

第二章实验细节2.1材料和技术用于该研究的材料是NAK55模具工具钢,就是市售的15毫米厚的板型。

在莱科GDS-750辉光放电发射光谱分析装置(GDOS)中运用的材料和规定的化学成分见表1。

可以看出,该材料的化学组成属于NAK55型钢规定的组合物范围。

试验材料在500℃下和40.2 HRC硬度的上述溶液中处理5小时。

还有同样未经氮化的材料作对比。

表1 NAK55模具工具钢的化学成分(重量%)切出12.7×12.7×12.7mm的NAK55钢板试样作磨损和腐蚀测试。

这些标本最初溶解在900°C,然后分别在475℃,500℃和525℃处理1~20h,从而确定其老化曲线,并引导渗氮处理。

氮化前,首先在地面上使用# 1200碳化硅(SiC)纸对溶解的试样表面进行超声波清洗。

等离子渗氮是在工业渗氮装置上进行的(DC)。

标本的溅射清洗是在250℃的80% Ar + 气氛中处理约1小时,去除表面形成的氧化层。

以600帕的腔室压力,25%N2+75%H2 20% H2的混合气氛中分别475℃,500℃,525℃处理10小时,对材料进行用等离子氮化。

用光电温度计仪将等离子渗氮的温度精度控制在5±℃。

为了防止表面氧化,完成氮化工艺的标本将在流动的氮气冷却室中冷却。

在实验中所用的参数列于表2中。

表2 等离子渗氮处理参数使用Olympus BHM 光学显微镜(OM )和JEOL JSM-5600扫描电子显微镜(SEM )研究基体材料的微观结构和氮化层。

使用Shimadzu X 射线衍射仪(XRD 的LabX-6000)的CuK α射线对化合物层的X 射线衍射(XRD )进行研究。

使用归一化的相对(集成)强度比(RIR )方法或矩阵冲洗法进行定量分析。

氮化层的显微硬度是用一个Future-TechFM-7自动测试仪,每15秒50克的小负荷来计量。

这些溶解,时间和氮化标本是测定罗克韦尔“C ”的核心硬度。

2.2摩擦和磨损试验摩擦和磨损试验用的是英国PLINT 有限公司的TE53磨损试验机,采用42 N (F )负荷,以200rpm 速度,让块在无润滑的条件与环接触进行。

磨损试验机的示意图是在图1所示的。

环材料为经过淬火和回火工艺,硬度65HRC 以下的AISI-O1工具型钢材。

根据弹性接触Hertz 理论下的简化二维平面应变接触模型,最大压力(P )为:P = (F ⁎E ⁎ / R π)1/2,其中F ⁎是单位长度的负载,R 是相对曲率,E ⁎= E /(1—V 2)。

对于NAK55模具钢来说,最大接触压力(≈90兆帕),只有其屈服强度(≈1030兆帕)9%的水平,假设的杨氏模量为200GPa 和0.3的泊松比。

这个接触压力很合理,不会引起化合物层的层间剥离,因此在磨损试验开始的时候不会发生塑性变形。

每1000次循环记录标本的重量损失,来确定磨损试验中的化合物层,扩散层和基片的区别,总共有10,000次,并通过一个DAND ER-182A 电子天平测定。

对于每个样品类型,磨损试验至少重复3次,最后结果取其平均值。

2.3电化学行为测试配备分析软件(CorrWare )的恒电位仪(EG &G362)被用来评估电化学行为。

这个扁平细胞有三个电极构成,试样作为工作电极,饱和甘汞电极(SCE )作为参比电极,铂片为反电极。

所用的电解液为3.5%NaCl 溶液。

动电位极化被横扫在1.0毫伏/ s 的固定频率。

腐蚀后的试验片,进行SEM 分析,通过凹坑的形态,分布和密度方面来分析腐蚀降解的严重性。

每个样品类型至少进行3次来评估其重复性。

图1 耐磨测试仪示意图第三章 结果与讨论 3.1微观结构图2示出了在500℃下进行固溶处理5小时的老化的钢显微组织。

可见贝氏体和马氏体组织,以及大量的小合金碳化物和沉淀物形成在所述基质中。

在溶解条件下的平均硬度是32 HRC 。

样品在不同温度下的老化曲线示于图3中。

高硬度水平老龄化在4-12 h 到达,在475℃,500℃,525℃下分别老化,其硬度的平均值为40 HRC ,40.9 HRC ,和41.1 HRC 。

此外,在14 h 之前没有发现过老化的迹象。

所有的洛氏硬度试验测量都是在1.47千牛顿的载荷下进行。

图3 在不同温度下样品的老化曲线图2 在4%硝酸酒精溶液和500℃下进行5小时处理的NAK55模具钢中的显微组织图5 氮化的体积分数随渗氮温度的变化趋势图4 XRD 衍射图案(a )非氮化试样的(b )在475℃渗氮试样的(C )在500℃渗氮试样的(d )在525℃下渗氮试样的图4示出从非渗氮和等离子体氮化的试样表面得到的X 射线衍射图谱。

对未渗氮试样仅表现出α-Fe ,表明其显微组织没有残余奥氏体的接收(图2)。

另一方面,三个不同的阶段可以识别氮化层:α-Fe 相,ε-氮化物相和γ'-氮化物相。

对于提高渗氮温度,α-Fe 相的峰值强度逐渐减少而氮化物的峰值强度逐渐增加。

这一发现与其他先前观测的一致。

通过使用RIR 方法从X 射线衍射图谱得到的定量分析结果显示,发现总氮化物的体积分数随氮化温度增加而增加。

如图5中所示,渗氮试验在525℃出现最大的渗氮体积分数(94%)。

此外,对于所有的氮化试样来说,ε-氮化物的量比和XRD 结果γ'-氮化物形成的要大得多,而且ε-氮化物的量随温度升高而增加。

然而,有人指出,在试样渗氮的等离子体氮化工序中,由于溅射法,550℃与400-500℃氮化相比,ε-氮化物在化合物层中的量较低。

因此,必须牢记,氮化温度高于525℃或氮化时间超过10小时的ε-氮化物相的强度可能降低,主要是氮化或样品的溅射率在基底的扩散过程中被脱碳和脱氮所取代。

等离子体氮化试样的一个典型光学显微组织示于图6中。

它由贝氏体加马氏体组成的内部核和外部表面氮化层构成。

渗氮表面由两层组成:一个在顶部非常薄的化合物层和下面的扩散层。

对扩散层的富氮在矩阵中的氮化物的析出物的分散情况进行了观察;通过化学蚀刻的划定,其是均匀的。

扩散层的厚度随氮化温度增加而增加,是由于氮气在较高温度下有较高的扩散速率。

图6的(b)—(D)显示出用扫描电子显微镜对等离子体氮化试样的横截面图像。

观察了所有的试样,其上表面的化合物层。

所揭示的X射线衍射中,化合物层主要由ε-氮化物和γ'-氮化物组成。

氮化在475℃形成薄的化合物层(Fig. 6(b))。

试样在,在500℃和525℃氮化时,化合物层变的更厚,更均匀(Fig. 6(c) and(d))。

氮化试样在475℃,500℃和525℃时其化合物层的平均厚度经测量分别约为2.8微米,4.2微米,5.0微米。

图6 试样在不同温度下氮化的横断面显微C(SEM)(a)475℃(OM)(b)475℃(SEM)(c)500℃(SEM)(d)525℃图7 等离子渗氮试样显微硬度的分布 3.2硬度氮化试样芯部的硬度值在475℃下,500℃和525℃下分别为40 HRC ,40.5 HRC ,和41.1 HRC 。

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