中考英语总复习之阅读篇

中考英语总复习之阅读篇——阅读技巧训练之语境猜词法说明1：在中考英语阅读中，我们主要从以下五点方法训练以提高学生阅读的效率：1.带题阅读法2.抓首、尾句法3.有意设问法（巧用五个W）4.词义猜测法5.找信息源法在本节课例里，主要训练的是学生猜词的能力。

在猜词方法上主要分为两种情况：1、孤立地根据构词法猜测词义。

2、在语境中根据上、下文猜测词义。

说明2：课例以Everyone has their own family 引出Words have their own family, too.简单介绍英语单词的构词法。

其中包括说明初中英语常见的前、后缀的意思及介绍合成词。

这就是猜词的第一大方法：一、根据构词法猜词在学生对构词法有了初步的印象之后进行一个简单的练习。

练习1：Match the meaning with the new words.1.rebuild A. 不安全的2.modernize B. 误解的3.man-made C. 重建4.unsafe D. 现代化5.misunderstanding E. 人造的说明3：事实上绝大多数单词不是孤立出现的。

如何在特定语境中猜测词义？课例以dissent、jog、numb三个新单词切入，导出三个利用不同方法在语境中猜词的句子：1．Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.2．Why does jogging -- running slowly --become so popular?3．It's really cold outside, and my hands are both numb.帮助学生通过观察和探究性学习，总结出语境猜词的简单规律，主要有以下三点：1. 根据关联词猜词；2. 根据定义、释义、举例或复述猜词；3. 根据生活经验及普通常识猜词。

从归纳到总结，再由总结重新回到实例。

通过展示实例巩固规律。

二、根据关联词猜词表示因果关系的：because，as，since，for，so，as a result，of course，表示同义关系的：and, or ,similarly，like，just as，also表示反义关系的：though, unlike, instead (of), rather than, on the other hand, still ,but，while，however , yet, even though, although等等。

例如：1.I could see nothing because the light was so faint .（faint：昏暗的）2.Tom is very rude, but his brother is quite polite.（polite：有礼貌的）3.She is beautiful, and her daughter is as pretty as her. （pretty：漂亮的）三、根据定义、释义、举例或复述猜词常用的：be，or，that is to say，in other words，be called，to be, refer to, be known as, mean或破折号或定语从句等来表示。

1.Jane is warm-hearted,she likes to help. （warm-hearted：热心的）2.Pork is the meat of pigs. （pork：猪肉）3. I love any of comedies:Mr. Bean, KongFu, Crazy Stone.（comedy：喜剧）四、根据生活经验及普通常识猜词1.China is our motherland. （motherland：祖国）2.Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies. （pouch：育儿袋）说明4：在学生对规律有了一定理解后，教师有层次地安排相应的练习，加深并巩固学生的印象。

练习2：Choose the right meaning of the new words in sentences.1. A lot of the world’s natural resources like oil come from poor countries.A. 环境B. 资源C. 汽油2. The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.A. 帽子B. 雨鞋C. 眼镜3. My mom was a little heavy. And I was almost as plump as my mom.A. 丰满B. 苗条C. 强壮4. Children have schoolbags with two straps to carry them.A. 口袋B. 肩带C. 纽扣练习3：Look at the blackboard. Try to guess the meaning of the new words as quickly as you can.1.Wealthy means having lots of money. （wealthy：富裕的，有钱的）2.Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to your health. （detrimental：有害的）3.My mother-in-law, my husband’s mother, was a teacher.（mother-in-law：婆婆）4.The boy had a happy family before. However, after the war, he became homeless. （homeless：无家可归的）5.You must stop dreaming and face reality.说明4：简单介绍在阅读中可以直接避开生词的情况，提高学生中考阅读的效率。

五、巧妙避开生词我们这里所说的巧妙绕开生词的方法和上面分析文章结构特点的思路是统一的，也就是说，只要我们从总体上把握了文章，不用认识每一个单词也能照样理解整篇文章。

1、英语文章中不是所有的词的功能都是同等的，有些词担负着传达主要信息的功能，而有些词主要起语法作用或者它所传达的信息和下文的其他信息没有联系。

这类词有：表示人名，地名，机构名等专有名词。

遇到这些词，只要我们能辨认出它是专有名词，就能理解文章而不必知道它的意思。

2、如果我们对文章中的某一个单词不熟悉，我们可以根据文章中的其他信息来帮助判断。

这类信息有：同位语、下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号（如破折号、冒号都表示解释和说明）等。

或者该词如果不影响做题的话我们就直接绕开忽略这个生词。

说明5：实战操练：从历年中考题中先精选一篇阅读理解文章的第一段，尝试将所学的猜词方法运用到实际习题中，然后完成整篇阅读文章。

（A篇为课堂练习，B、C为课后练习）练习4：Guess the new words’ meaning in passage.Last week, all the teachers and students of our school watched a special performance by some disabled people. The first program was a dance named “ The Light of Life.” To my surprise, all the dancers had lost one of their legs. As they are performing , I could see how they had have to face so many difficulties. However , they showed us many wonderful programs. From these programs, I could see how lively their minds were.练习5：Reading Comprehension.ALast week, all the teachers and students of our school watched a special performance by some disabled people. The first program was a dance named “ The Light of Life.” To my surprise, all the dancers had lost one of their legs. As they are performing , I could see how they had have to face so many difficulties. However , they showed us many wonderful programs. From these programs, I could see how lively their minds were.The two persons who came out next shocked us all. The first one was a singer. He was very young, but unfortunately , he had lost both of his hands in a big fire. The song he brought us was “ Late Autumn ” and he sang it in such a low and sweet voice. Though it was warm spring, I felt a little cold when I he ard the song , as if it was really late autumn. “How much love and feeling is hidden in my heart? I wish to hold your hands again. ” hearing this, I couldn’t keep back my tears.The other one was also a young man . He lost both of his arms when he was six. From then on ,his feet became his “hands”. However ,he could manage a number of things with his feet. What moved us most was his feet-writing. The two words “Flying High” expressed his wishes.“If your wings are gone, your heart can still fly,” said Zhang Haidi, a disabled writer.In the world, there are many disabled people, yet most of them don’t give in. They have strong wishes and beautiful dreams. Just as Zhang Haidi said they could still fly.Disability doesn’t mean complete（彻底的）failure . Once you try hard, miracles will happen sooner or later. I believe where there is a will, there is a way.1.The teachers and students _____ last week.A. saw a filmB. held a partyC. watched a performance2.Why did the writer feel cold when he heard the song “ Late Autumn”?______A. Because it was cold at that moment.B. Because it was late autumn and the weather was cool.C. Because the song was moving.3.The underlined word “shocked” probably means ________.A. surprisedB. crashedC. warned4.“ Flying High ” expressed the wishes of ________.A. a person with no armsB. a person with neither hands nor feet .C. a person without feet5.What do you think is the best title for this passage?_____A. A Strange WriterB. Some Disabled peopleC. A Special PerformanceBI left home for New Zealand to start my new life on my 15th birthday.My father and mother took me to Hong Kong, where we had to say goodbye. When we were saying goodbye, I suddenly felt afraid that I had never had before.This was the first time I had traveled so far by myself. And going to a far-away place I have never been before made me feel terrible. I held back my tears until I could no longer see my parents. As I was wiping away my tears, I realized that, from that moment on, I would have to do everything by myself.After my arrival in Wellington, my teacher, Ms. Lang, showed me around my new school.A few days later, I started having classes. There were only 20 students in each class.Only maths, science, social studies and English were compulsory, and students could choose other subjects for themselves, I chose music, Japanese and health.In New Zealand, students are very active in class. And teachers are not as serious. They often let us play games in class. We can sit with anyone we like, and the teacher can sit at her own desk or at a student’s desk. The school had an easy manner, with few rules.Because there was no homework, we could join clubs or do anything we liked. I always went to the library after school, where I found a lot of books to help with my studies.Studying in New Zealand is very different from studying in China. In New Zealand, students depend on the library to gain knowledge instead of waiting for what teachers ask them to do.Time went fast. The two months after I arrived flew by. Then a week of exams began.I did not have to take these exams, because I had only been at the school for a short time. However, my maths teacher encouraged me to take the maths exam, as she thought I could do well.Though there wasn’t much pressure on me, I worked very hard to get ready for the exam because I know that no pain means no gain .When the day of the exam came, I found that I finished the paper faster than the other students. One week later, my teacher told the whole class who had got the top mark: It was me! I got 94 percent.All my classmates were very happy and said congratulations to me. It was one of the happiest days of my life.6. The word “Wellington” in t he fourth paragraph is the name of _______.A. the writer’s new teacherB. the writer’s new schoolC. a city in New Zealand7. When she was wiping away her tears, the writer realized that________.A. she would start a new life in New Zealand all by herself.B. she could no longer see her parents in Hong Kong.C. she had to say goodbye to her parents.8. The word “compulsory” in the sixth paragraph means_______ in Chinese.A. 必修的B. 选修的C. 义务的9. The writer always went to the library because ________.A. she must get ready for the examsB. she wanted to gain knowledge with the help of many booksC. she had no homework and had nothing to do10. The writer didn’t have to take the exams, ________.A. so she found she finished the paper faster than the othersB. but she thought she could do well and took the maths examC. but she took the maths exam and did best of all in itCMany expressions in America, as in other countries, come from the names of people. “John Hancock” is the best known example.Hancock was a rich man. He helped the patriots in the American Revolution and became a head in the war against Britain. He was one of the first men to sign the Declaration of Independence. Yet he is remembered best for his large signature.The story is told that when Hancock sat down to sign the Declaration of Independence, he said that he would write his signature large enough for John Bull to read without his glasses. John Bull means England, as Uncle Sam means the United States. Hancock’s signature on the Declaration was written two times larger than those of the others so that you can read his name more easily than even the names of Thomas Jefferson or Benjamin Franklin.Today John Hancock is used t o mean any person’s signature. If you ask any American to put his “John Hancock” on a piece of paper, he quickly knows what you mean—you are asking him to sign his name.11. This passage is mainly about ______.A. the American RevolutionB. J ohn Hancock’s handwritingC. how an American expression began12. What does signature mean in Chinese? ______.A. 革命B. 签名C. 独立宣言13. He wrote in that way because he wanted to ______.A. have people see that signatureB. show that he was proud to be a patriotC. see how large he could write14. John Bull is ______.A. another name for Uncle Sam C. another name for the USAC. a name for England15. Nowadays, a John Hancock is a ______.A. headB. man who signs declarationsC. person’s signature。