45个介词的基本用法

5、against 基本含义：a-g-e“相对”
• 1、碰着、靠着：She was leaning against a tree. • 2、反对：We should fight against crimes.
• • • •
3、预防：Save money against a rainy day.未雨绸缪 固定搭配： 1、go against 违反（故意违反某人的意志） He chose to go against his family.
• 3、be above oneself: 兴高采烈=high spirit • When he heard the good news, he was above himself.
3、acrFra Baidu bibliotekss 基本含义：a-grass “A走过一片草坪
• • • • • 引申含义： 1、穿过：She walked across the road. 2、在...对面: The bar is just across the street. 3、交叉：He sat with his arms across his chest. The two lines pass across each other at right angles.
4、after 基本含义：“A在B之后” （强调顺序）
• 1、在…之后 （时间顺序、空间顺序） • After dinner, they went out for a walk. • I should after him, but he still went on. • 2、照着…的样子 • Read the sentence after me, please. • The building is named after the famous hero. • 固定搭配： • 1、be after寻找/go after 追逐/run after 追求 • You should run after your own dream. • 2、after all不管怎样 （即：在任何事情之后都一样） • After all, he is your father. • 3、look after照顾
8、before 基本含义：“在…之前“（时间、空间、顺序）
• 1、时间上：Please come back before 10:00pm. • 2、空间上：Don’t put the cart before the horse. • 3、顺序上：Health should come before wealth. • 固定搭配： • 1、before long不久后 • 2、before time:提前
• 5、被…；He was shocked by what he had seen.
• 固定搭配： • 1、by accident/chance偶然 • 2、by all means想尽一切办法、一定要 • 3、by no means绝不、一点儿也不 • 4、by turns轮流 • 5、by mistake出于误会
• 1、How about...? • 2、something+adj+about X • 一些关于X的adj的事
• 引申含义： • 1、在…上方:The sun rose above the horizon.
2、above 基本含义：a-b-over “A在B上方”
• 2、数目大于…/重量超过…/价格（能力、地位）高于… • There is nothing in the store above 50 cents.
1、about 基本含义：a-b-out “A在B外面”
• 2、环绕：The bird always flies about the forest. • I plan to travel about the world.
• 3、关于：a book about English study • They are talking about the new film. • 4、[adv] 大约 • 固定搭配：
一、44个常见介词的基本 用法
• 介词短语=介词+名词 • 基本介词 +单名词 • 合成介词 +多名词 • 双介词 +名词性从句
• 1、在…周围：The kids are sitting about their teacher. • I like the necklace about her throat.
9、behind 基本含义：be + hide “在…之后“
• 1、空间上，在…后面: A dog is running behind us. • 2、在后台操纵：There must be someone behind it. • 3、时间上，在之后；能力上，在之后; • New York is 12 hours behind Beijing in time. • He was behind others in ability.
6、around 基本含义：a-round”A在一个圆里面”（在 一定范围内）
• 1、在…周围:There are many bars around the towm. • 2、在附近、到处：I showed him around our campus. • 3、【adv】大约： • There are around 1000 people watching the game.
7、at 基本含义:“朝向一点”
• 1、小地点,或小时间点 • Usually, he is at his office in the morning. • I arrived at home at 7:00. • Knock at;look at;aim at;shoot at;arrive at… • 2、表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因 • He showed no sign of pleasure at seeing her. • Be surprised/excited at…
• 5、despite • 基本意思：尽管、不顾=in spite of • The old professor kept on working despite his poor health.
16、down 基本意思：向下
• • • • 引申含义： 1、表示自上而下 In order to catch the bus they run down the hill. Tears run down her face quietly.
• 2、沿着河、沿着路 • He walked down the road. • We sailed down the river. • 固定搭配 副词 • Sth break down坏了 • Let sb down 令某人失望
17、during 基本意思：在…期间
• 1、在整个…期间 • Not a word did they say during the meal. • I haven’t had any meat during the last several years. • 2、在…期间的某个时刻 • I saw Linda during the meeting.
18、except 基本意思：ex-cept拿出来
• Everyone was here except Tom. • 【注意】 • besides表示“加”，except表示“减”
19、for 基本意思：“为”
• 1、为了 • I bought a gift for you. • He played football for England. • 2、因为 • Bejing is famous for its long history. • I thank you for what you have done for me. • 3、作为 • I had some chocolate for breakfast. • 4、表示时间、距离的长短 • I haven’t seen you for years. • For miles and miles you see nothing but trees.
14、by 基本意思：by后面的名词很重要
• 3、通过…;根据…; • He can tell the direction by the stars. • • • • Don’t judge a person by his looks. 4、按…计算 Eggs are usually sold by dozen. The temperature has risen by 5 degrees.
13、beyond 基本意思：be+yond（在彼处）=在…之外
• 1、“在远处、在…的那一边” • What lies beyond my reach. • 2、“超出…的限度”（能力认识） • The fruit was beyond my reach. • • • • • • • 3、“除…了” I can’t tell you anything beyond what you already know. 固定搭配： 1、beyond words无法形容 2、beyond understanding难以理解 3、beyond cure无可救药 4、beyond endurance无法忍受
11、besides 基本含义：“除…外，还有…”
• There were 2 other students in the classroom besides Tom.
12、between 基本含义：be-two-in“在两者之间”
• 1、空间、时间、顺序、等级上，在两者之间： • Between two strange buildings stands a tree. • His age is between sixty and seventy. • 2、表示两者之间的某种关系 • He has to decide between life and death. • This is a secret between life and death（仅在我们俩之间）. • you should learn between lines（字里行间）.
• 固定搭配： • 1、A come across B. A偶遇B。 • I came across Yu Minhong the other day. • 2、A ger sth across to B. A使某物被B了解。 • I want to get my theory across to all students.
• 2、be against • （1）违反（违反法律、制度） • It is against the law to hunt tigers. • (2)反对 Lincoln was strongly against slavery. • （3）不利于 What he said is against him.
10、beside 基本含义：be+side “在…边上”
• 引申含义： • 1、在...旁边=next to…; by the side of… • a town beside the sea • She sat beside the teacher. • 2、与...相比=compared with • My work is so poor beside yours. • 固定搭配：beside oneself 高兴（悲伤）的不得了、忘形
• • • •
1、在…旁边 We prefer a table by the window. 2、到…时候 We have studied several prepositions by now. I shall have finished the work by the time you return.
• “He who comes after me is above me ,because he was before me”
• 固定搭配： • 1、above all: 首先（强调重要性） • Above all, he was an outstanding mathematician. • 2、above all things: 最最… • What you need, above all things, is confidence.