完整全面定语从句知识点

A. whose backgrounds
B. the backgrounds of whom
C. of whom the backgrounds D. the backgrounds of whose
2. They live in a house, whose door faces south.
=_They
live
in
a
house,________________________________________________
=_They
live
in
a
house,________________________________________________
(5)非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词
Anyone who _is_ over 20 can join the army.
I ,who __am__ your friend , will help you.
【练习】1. This is one of the best books _______.
A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written
(the cover of which is blue)?
▲whose经常后接名词，这结构可以用the+名词＋of+whom/which来替
换，意义不变。也就是说，表示所属关系, whose + n. = of which/ whom
+ the + n.
= the + n. + of which/ whom
关系副词：when, where, why，在句中只作状语。 e.g. She is an English teacher who likes singing songs.
先行词 定语从句 引导词（从句中做主语）
关系词的作用：1.引导定语从句；2. 代替先行词；3. 在从句中担当一个 成分 e.g. This is the best film that I have seen.
b. The room in which there are a lot of books is a reading room.
(4)whose引导的定语从句
whose是关系代词who与which的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语，
whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语。
Have you seen a dictionary whose cover is blue?
There is a room in which you can study. which you can study in.
Rose is the student after whom you should look. ╳ /of whom you should take care. ╳
Rose is the student whom you should look after/take care of. √
☆只用who不用that 的情况
1)当先行词是one ,ones,anyone,those或people时 Anyone who breaks the rule must be punished. God help those who help themselves. 2)当先行词是I, he, they,you等时(常用于谚语中)
He who plays with fire gets burned. I, who am your friend, will give you a hand when you are in trouble. 3)在there be结构中，先行词指人时。 There is a stranger who wants to see our manager. 4)在非限制性定语从句中 Fangfang, who is a writer , now lives in America. 5)为避免重复或怕引起歧义. The man that spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster who has just come from Shanghai. 注意：关系代词who,which, that,在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词 的人称和数必须必须和先行词保持一致。
The Attributive Clause
定语从句：在英语复合句中，由关联 词引导，修饰句中的名词、代 词，有时也修饰主句的一部份或整个句子的从句称为定语从句。 它分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 被定语从句所修饰的那个词称为先行词。
关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose,as（在句中充当成分，可 作主语，宾语，表语，定语） 引导词
c. He is no longer the boy that he used to be.
(3).which引导的定语从句
which
指物
主语或宾语（可 在介词后不可省
省略)
略
a. The building which /that stands near the river is our school.
C. that has written
D. that have written
2. She is the only one of the girls ___ well in class.
A. which sings
B. who sing
C. who sings
D. who to sing
Ⅱ关系副词的用法
+ of + 关系代词”的结构，如：
e.g. There are 60 students in our class, two thirds of whom have been to
Beijing
【练习】1. The committee consists of 20 members, 5 of _______ are women. 2. The book contains 50 poems, most of ________ was written in 1930s. 3. There are two left, one of _______ is almost finished, and the other of _______ is not quite. 4. I have a sentence, the meaning of _______ I don’t understand.
Ⅰ 关系代词
(1)who, whom引导的定语从句
who
指人
作主语/宾语（可 介词在前不可
省略）
使用
whom
指人
宾语（可省略） 介词后不可省
略
a. What’s the name of the girl who just camhe student to whom Jane is talking?(不能用who)
☆只用which不用that的情况
1)引导非限制性定语从句。 His money was stolen by a thief, which made him very sad. 2).当关系代词前有介词。 This is the factory in which my mother works.
3).当先行词本身是that时。 What’s that which flashed in the sky just now. 4).当关系词后有插入语时 This is the dictionary which, as I have told you, is helpful for you. 5).为避免重复 The book that I gave you just now is about computer science which is very important.
(2)that 引导的定语从句
主语
不引导非限制性
that
人或物
宾语
定语从句，不位
表语
于介词后。
a. Here is the money that/which will be given to you.
b. Do you like the book (that/which) you borrowed yesterday?
=____________________ I don’t understand.
【总结】名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whom 表示：1）所有关系 2)整体 与部分关系 【注意】关系代词引导定语从句时，要注意几点： 1. whom, which作介词宾语时，介词一般可以放在它们的前面，也可以 放在从句原来的位置上，但是含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词应该放 在原来的位置上。
2. ☆ 只用that不用which的情况：
1).当先行词是不定代词时，如：all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none, the one等。 All that can be done has been done. 2).先行词前有few, little, no, all, every等词修饰时。 There is no difficulty that we can’t overcome. 3)先行词被the only, the very, the right, just the, one of 等修饰时。 This is the very book that belongs to him. This is one of the toys that interest the boy. 4).先行词被序数词first, last, 等或形容词的最高级修饰时。 This is the first/best letter that I’ve written in English. 5).当先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked about the teachers and the schools (that) they had visited. 6).当关系词在从句中作表语时。 China isn’t the country that she used to be 50 years ago. 7)当主句是 以who, which, 或what开头的特殊疑问句时。 Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop? What did you hear that made you so angry？Which is the book that you need? 8)there be 句型中,先行词指物时。 There is a seat in the corner that is still free.