机械设计工艺夹具设计开题报告(含文献综述、外文翻译)

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夹具开题报告

夹具开题报告

夹具设计一、题目来源夹具在实际的应用中非常广泛,同时也是工程设计的主要对象之一,因此,本设计题目即来自生产实际,又来源于科研真题。

二、研究的目的和意义机械制造过程中用来固定加工对象,使之占有正确的位置,以接受施工或检测的装置。

又称卡具。

从广义上说,在工艺过程中的任何工序,用来迅速、方便、安全地安装工件的装置,都可称为夹具。

随着我国现代工业技术的发展,对机械传动装置的技术性能和经济指标提出了越来越高的要求,普通夹具已经不能满足现代工业大批量高效生产的需要,而研制新型随行夹具是机械行业中重要的课题之一。

随行夹具主要是在自动生产线、加工中心、柔性制造系统等自动化生产中,用于外形不太规则、不便于自动定位、夹紧和运送的工件。

工件在随行夹具上安装定位后,由运送装置把随行夹具运送到各个工位上。

随行夹具一般以其底平面和两定位孔在机床上定位,并由机床工作台的夹紧机构夹紧,从而保证工件与刀具的相对位置。

当工件加工精度要求较高时,常把随行夹具的底平面分开成为定位基面和运输基面,以保护定位基面的精度.随行夹具属于专用夹具范围,其装夹工件部分需按工件外形和工艺要求设计。

三、阅读的主要参考文献及资料名称【1】李名望·机床夹具设计实例教程·化学工业·2009。

【2】蔡元顺·机床夹具设计·机械工业出版社·2001。

【3】肖继德,陈宁平·机床夹具设计·第2版·机械工业出版社·2001。

【4】吴拓·现代机床夹具设计·化学工业出版社·2009。

【5】李庆寿·机床夹具设计.机械工程出版社·1984.【6】东北重型机械学院,洛阳工学院,第一汽车制造厂职业大学·机床夹具设计手册·上海科学技术出版社·1988。

【7】孙己德·机床夹具图册.机械工业出版社.1983。

夹具设计外文翻译

夹具设计外文翻译

Application and developmentOf case based reasoning in fixture designFixtures are devices that serve as the purpose of holding the workpiece securely and accurately, and maintaining a consistent relationship with respect to the tools while machining. Because the fixture structure depends on the feature of the product and the status of the process planning in the enterprise, its design is the bottleneck during manufacturing, which restrains to improve the efficiency and leadtime. And fixture design is a complicated process, based on experience that needs comprehensive qualitative knowledge about a number of design issues including workpiece configuration, manufacturing processes involved, and machining environment. This is also a very time consuming work when using traditional CAD tools (such as Unigraphics, CATIA or Pro/E), which are good at performing detailed design tasks, but provide few benefits for taking advantage of the previous design experience and resources, which are precisely the key factors in improving the efficiency. The methodology of case based reasoning (CBR) adapts the solution of a previously solved case to build a solution for a new problem with the following four steps: retrieve, reuse, revise, and retain [1]. This is a more useful method than the use of an expert system to simulate human thought because proposing a similar case and applying a few modifications seems to be self explanatory and more intuitive to humans .So various case based design support tools have been developed for numerous areas[2-4], such as in injection molding and design, architectural design, die casting die design, process planning, and also in fixture design. Sun used six digitals to compose the index code that included workpiece shape, machine portion, bushing, the 1st locating device, the 2nd locating device and clamping device[5]. But the system cannot be used for other fixture types except for drill fixtures, and cannot solve the problem of storage of the same index code that needs to be retained, which is very important in CBR[6].1. Construction of a Case Index and Case Library1.1 Case indexThe case index should be composed of all features of the workpiece, which are distinguished from different fixtures. Using all of them would make the operation in convenient. Because the forms of the parts are diverse, and the technology requirements of manufacture in the enterprise also develop continuously, lots of features used as the case index will make the search rate slow, and the main feature unimportant, for the reason that the relative weight which is allotted to every feature must diminish. And on the other hand, it is hard to include all the features in the case index.1.2 Hierarchical form of CaseThe structure similarity of the fixture is represented as the whole fixture similarity, components similarity and component similarity. So the whole fixture case library, components case library, component case library of fixture are formedcorrespondingly. Usually design information of the whole fixture is composed of workpiece information and workpiece procedure information, which represent the fixture satisfying the specifically designing function demand. The whole fixture case is made up of function components, which are described by the function components’ names and numbers. The components case represents the members. (function component and other structure components,main driven parameter, the number, and their constrain relations.) The component case (the lowest layer of the fixture) is the structure of function component and other components. In the modern fixture design there are lots of parametric standard parts and common non standard parts. So the component case library should record the specification parameter and the way in which it keeps them.2. Strategy of Case RetrievalIn the case based design of fixtures ,the most important thing is the retrieval of the similarity, which can help to obtain the most similar case, and to cut down the time of adaptation. According to the requirement of fixture design, the strategy of case retrieval combines the way of the nearest neighbor and knowledge guided. That is, first search on depth, then on breadth; the knowledge guided strategy means to search on the knowledge rule from root to the object, which is firstly searched by the fixture type, then by the shape of the workpiece, thirdly by the locating method. For example, if the case index code includes the milling fixture of fixture type, the search is just for all milling fixtures, then for box of workpiece shape, the third for 1plane+ 2pine of locating method. If there is no match of it, then the search stops on depth, and returns to the upper layer, and retrieves all the relative cases on breadth.2.1 Case adaptationThe modification of the analogical case in the fixture design includes the following three cases:1) The substitution of components and the component;2) Adjusting the dimension of components and the component while the form remains;3) The redesign of the model.If the components and component of the fixture are common objects, they can be edited, substituted and deleted with tools, which have been designed.2.2 Case storageBefore saving a new fixture case in the case library, the designer must consider whether the saving is valuable. If the case does not increase the knowledge of the system, it is not necessary to store it in the case library. If it is valuable, then the designer must analyze it before saving it to see whether the case is stored as a prototype case or as reference case. A prototype case is a representation that can describe the main features of a case family. A case family consists of those cases whose index codes have the same first 13 digits and different last three digits in the case library. The last three digits of a prototype case are always “000”. A reference case belongs to the same family as the prototype case and is distinguished by the different last three digits.From the concept that has been explained, the following strategies are adopted:1) If a new case matches any existing case family, it has the same first 13 digits as an existing prototype case, so the case is not saved because it is represented well by the prototype case. Or is just saved as a reference case (the last 3 digits are not “000”, and not the same with others) in the case library.2) If a new case matches any existing case family and is thought to be better at representing this case family than the previous prototype case, then the prototype case is substituted by this new case, and the previous prototype case is saved as a reference case.3) If a new case does not match any existing case family, a new case family will be generated automatically and the case is stored as the prototype case in the case library.3. ConclusionCBR, as a problem solving methodology, is a more efficient method than an expert system to simulate human thought, and has been developed in many domains where knowledge is difficult to acquire. The advantages of the CBR are as follows: it resembles human thought more closely; the building of a case library which has self learning ability by saving new cases is easier and faster than the building of a rule library; and it supports a better transfer and explanation of new knowledge that is more different than the rule library. A proposed fixture design framework on the CBR has been implemented by using Visual C ++, UG/Open API in U n graphics with Oracle as database support, which also has been integrated with the 32D parametric common component library, common components library and typical fixture library. The prototype system, developed here, is used for the aviation project, and aids the fixture designers to improve the design efficiency and reuse previous design resources.基于事例推理的夹具设计研究与应用夹具是以确定工件安全定位准确为目的的装置,并在加工过程中保持工件与刀具或机床的位置一致不变。

开题报告(含文献综述

开题报告(含文献综述

毕业设计开题报告(含文献综述、外文翻译)题目阀体加工工艺规程及其机床专用夹具设计姓名董科芳学号0836210011班级08机械一班专业机械设计制造及其自动化学院机械工程学院指导教师(职称)倪君辉开题报告1. 选题的背景和意义1.1 选题的背景夹具是在切削加工中,用以准确地确定工件位置,并将其牢固地夹紧的工艺装备。

它的主要作用是:有效的保证工件的加工精度,提高加工效率,减轻劳动强度,充分发挥和扩大机床的工艺性能。

因此,夹具在机械制造中占有十分重要的地位。

夹具的发展历程,大致可以分为三个阶段:第一个阶段主要表现在夹具与人的相互结合上,这是夹具主要是仅仅只是作为人的辅助工具,使得加工过程进一步提高效率和趋于完善;第二阶段,夹具成为人与机床之间的纽带,夹具的机动性能发生变化,它主要用于工件的定位和夹紧上;第三阶段表现为夹具与机床的结合,夹具已经作为机床的一部分,成为了机械加工中不可缺少的工艺装备。

加工孔时, 刀具的尺寸受到被加工孔尺寸的限制, 对刀具的刚性影响很大。

尺寸与精度要求相同的孔与外圆面, 孔加工往往需要花费更多的工时,刀具的消耗和产生废品的机率性也较大。

所以在钻床夹具设计中应充分考虑工件的加工精度, 降低工件的制造成本和提高机械加工的劳动生产率。

夹具体应结构简单, 操作便捷, 容易装卸, 清除切屑要方便。

有时为了扩大机床的使用范围, 夹具还应具有良好的结构工艺性, 便于制造、装配、检验、调整与维修。

1.2 选题意义夹具设计是工艺设计的重要组成部分。

典型专用夹具的设计方法,对各种夹具的设计都有指导意义,了解了专用夹具的设计程序、要求、步骤、公差和技术要求的选用,工件在夹具加工中的精度校核。

机械制造工业是国民经济的装备部,在国民经济中具有十分重要的地位。

集资额制造工业提供的装备水平对国民经济各部门的技术进步有很大的和直接的影响。

机械制造工业的规模和水平是反映国民经济实力和科学技术水平的总要标志之一工艺装备通常机械制造本身离不开工艺装备的应用。

夹具开题报告

夹具开题报告

夹具开题报告夹具开题报告一、研究背景夹具是现代制造业中不可或缺的工具,它在加工过程中起着固定、定位和支撑工件的作用。

夹具的设计和制造直接影响到产品的质量和生产效率。

随着制造业的发展和进步,夹具的要求也日益提高,需要更加精确、灵活和高效的夹具来适应不断变化的生产需求。

二、研究目的本次研究的目的是通过对夹具的开发和改进,提高夹具的性能和效率,进一步提升制造业的竞争力。

具体来说,我们将关注以下几个方面:1. 提高夹具的精度和稳定性:通过优化夹具的结构和材料选择,提高夹具的刚性和稳定性,减少加工过程中的误差和变形。

2. 提高夹具的适应性和灵活性:夹具在不同的工件加工中需要具备适应性和灵活性,可以快速调整和适应不同尺寸和形状的工件。

3. 提高夹具的自动化水平:随着智能制造的发展,夹具需要具备更高的自动化水平,能够与其他设备和系统进行联动,实现自动化生产。

三、研究内容本次研究将从以下几个方面展开:1. 夹具结构优化:通过对夹具结构的改进和优化,提高夹具的刚性和稳定性。

我们将采用有限元分析方法,对夹具的结构进行模拟和优化,以提高夹具的精度和稳定性。

2. 夹具材料选择:夹具的材料选择对夹具的性能有着重要的影响。

我们将研究不同材料的力学性能和耐磨性能,选择最适合的材料用于夹具的制造。

3. 夹具自动化设计:我们将研究夹具的自动化设计,包括传感器的应用、自动调整夹具尺寸的机构设计等,以实现夹具的自动化操作和生产。

四、研究方法本次研究将采用实验和数值模拟相结合的方法进行。

我们将设计和制造不同类型的夹具,并通过实验测试夹具的性能和效果。

同时,我们将使用有限元分析软件对夹具的结构进行模拟和优化,以提高夹具的精度和稳定性。

五、预期成果通过本次研究,我们预期可以达到以下几个成果:1. 夹具的精度和稳定性得到提高,减少加工误差和变形,提高产品的质量。

2. 夹具的适应性和灵活性得到提高,能够适应不同尺寸和形状的工件加工。

3. 夹具的自动化水平得到提高,能够与其他设备和系统进行联动,实现自动化生产。

夹具设计外文文献

夹具设计外文文献

以下是一篇关于夹具设计的外文文献示例:Title: Design and Optimization of Fixture for Manufacturing Systems: A ReviewAbstract: Fixtures play a critical role in manufacturing systems by securely holding the workpiece during various machining and assembly operations. It is essential to design efficient and effective fixtures to ensure accurate and reliable production processes. This paper presents a comprehensive review of fixture design and optimization techniques in manufacturing systems. Various methodologies, such as analytical, heuristic, and numerical approaches, are discussed. The paper also highlights the challenges and future research directions in fixture design and optimization.Keywords: fixture design, manufacturing systems, optimization, workpiece, machining, assemblyIntroduction: Fixtures are widely used in manufacturing systems to provide stability and positioncontrol for the workpiece during machining, welding, and assembly operations. The design and optimization of fixtures are critical for the overall performance and quality of the manufacturing process. This paper aims to review the existing literature on fixture design and optimization techniques to provide insights and guidelines for researchers and practitioners in the field.Methods: The review is based on a systematic analysis of published research articles, conference papers, and patents related to fixture design and optimization. Various search engines and databases were used to identify relevant literature. The selected papers were analyzed and categorized based on the methodology used, such as analytical, heuristic, and numerical approaches.Results: The review demonstrates that fixture design and optimization have been extensively studied in manufacturing systems. Analytical methods, such as mathematical modeling and kinematic analysis, arecommonly used for fixture layout and configuration design. Heuristic approaches, such as rule-based and expert system methods, provide intuitive and practical solutions for fixture design. Numerical optimization techniques, such as finite element analysis and genetic algorithms, offer advanced optimization methods for fixture design.Discussion: The review reveals several challenges in fixture design and optimization, such as the trade-off between fixture complexity and cost, the consideration of dynamic loading conditions, and the integration of advanced materials and technologies. Future research directions include the development of intelligent fixture systems, the application of virtual reality and augmented reality in fixture design, and the exploration of sustainable and eco-friendly fixture materials.Conclusion: Fixture design and optimization are crucial for manufacturing systems to achieve accurate and reliable production processes. This review providesa comprehensive overview of fixture design and optimization techniques in the existing literature. The findings can guide researchers and practitioners in the development of efficient and effective fixtures for manufacturing systems.该文献的详细信息和全文内容可能需要通过在线学术数据库或图书馆资源获取。

加工工艺及夹具设计开题报告

加工工艺及夹具设计开题报告
(3)在这个设计过程中,我们还必须考虑工件的安装和夹紧,安装的正确与否直接影响工件加工精度,安装时候方便和迅速,又会影响辅助时间的长短,从而影响生产率,夹具是加工工件时,为完成某道工序,用来正确迅速安装工件的装置,它对保证加工精度、提高生产率和减轻工人劳动量有很大作用。这是整个设计的重点,也是一个难点。
2.零件毛坯图的绘制、工艺的编排分析(2014年春学期第2至4周);
3.工艺卡片的绘制(2014年春学期第5周至第6周);
4.夹具方案的确定、夹具的设计和夹具图的绘制(2014年春学期第7至8周);
5.撰写、整理、修改毕业设计说明(2014年春学期第10至12周);
6.对各环节进行检查、准备答辩(2014年春学期第13至15周)。
(2)新兴加工方法的不断出现和发展
新兴加工方法包括精密加工、细微加工、特种加工及高密度能加工、新硬材料加工技术、表面功能性覆盖技术和复合加工,以适应机械产品更新换代对制造工艺提出的更高、更新的制造模式。
(3)自动化等高新技术与工艺的紧密结合
微电子、计算机和自动化技术与工艺及设备相结合,使传统工艺面貌产生显著、本质的变化,如生产线自动控制、在线检测自适应控制、计算机辅助工艺过程设计、计算机辅助家具设计、计算机辅助装配工艺设计和智能制造系统等。
毕业设计(论文)开题报告
学院:机械与电子工程学院专业:机械设计制造及其自动化
学生姓名
学号
指导教师
职称
毕业设计(论文)题目:
XXX的加工工艺及其夹具设计
课题研究现状:
目前随着机械制造业的迅猛发展,它已经成为我国国民经济的重要支柱,有利于开拓我国的创造力,提高我国竞争力,增强国家的综合实力。机械制造工艺实质上就是将多种原材料或半成品加工成产品的方法及其过程。而现代工业科技的进步为机械制造业提供了有力的技术支撑,如新型材料的合成与使用、计算机和微电子技术的运用、控制技术和测试技术以及人工智能技术发展和应用都在不断推进着机械工艺制造业的发展与进步。现代机械工艺中大都运用了各种类型的数控机床、柔性制造单元等高新技术模块的集成,为使其满足各种产品多样化、个性化的生产要求。

输出轴(CA6140车床)加工工艺及夹具设计[外文翻译+文献综述+开题报告]

输出轴(CA6140车床)加工工艺及夹具设计[外文翻译+文献综述+开题报告]

本科生毕业设计(论文)开题报告论文(设计)题目输出轴(CA6140车床)加工工艺及夹具设计作者所在系别机械系作者所在专业机械设计制造及其自动化作者所在班级作者姓名作者学号19指导教师姓名指导教师职称教授完成时间 2 年 3 月说明1.根据学校《毕业设计(论文)工作暂行规定》,学生必须撰写《毕业设计(论文)开题报告》。

开题报告作为毕业设计(论文)答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。

2.开题报告应在指导教师指导下,由学生在毕业设计(论文)工作前期内完成,经指导教师签署意见及所在专业教研室论证审查后生效。

开题报告不合格者需重做。

3.毕业设计开题报告各项内容要实事求是,逐条认真填写。

其中的文字表达要明确、严谨,语言通顺,外来语要同时用原文和中文表达。

第一次出现缩写词,须注出全称。

4.开题报告中除最后一页外均由学生填写,填写各栏目时可根据内容另加附页。

5.阅读的主要参考文献应在10篇以上(土建类专业文献篇数可酌减),其中外文资料应占一定比例。

本学科的基础和专业课教材一般不应列为参考资料。

6.参考文献的书写应遵循毕业设计(论文)撰写规范要求。

7.开题报告应与文献综述、一篇外文译文和外文原文复印件同时提交,文献综述的撰写格式按毕业设计(论文)撰写规范的要求,字数在2000字左右。

毕业设计(论文)开题报告本科生毕业设计 (论文)外文翻译原文标题Introduction of Machining译文标题加工基础作者所在系别机械系作者所在专业机械设计制造及其自动化作者所在班级作者姓名作者学号19指导教师姓名指导教师职称副教授完成时间年 3 月北华航天工业学院教务处制Introduction of MachiningHave a shape as a processing method, all machining process for the production of the most commonly used and most important method. Machining process is a process generated shape, in this process, Drivers device on the workpiece material to be in the form of chip removal. Although in some occasions, the workpiece under no circumstances, the use of mobile equipment to the processing, However, the majority of the machining is not only supporting the workpiece also supporting tools and equipment to complete.Machining know the process has two aspects. Small group of low-cost production. For casting, forging and machining pressure, every production of a specific shape of the workpiece, even a spare parts, almost have to spend the high cost of processing. Welding to rely on the shape of the structure, to a large extent, depend on effective in the form of raw materials. In general, through the use of expensive equipment and without special processing conditions, can be almost any type of raw materials, mechanical processing to convert the raw materials processed into the arbitrary shape of the structure, as long as the external dimensions large enough, it is possible. Because of a production of spare parts, even when the parts and structure of the production batch sizes are suitable for the original casting, Forging or pressure processing to produce, but usually prefer machining.Strict precision and good surface finish, Machining the second purpose is the establishment of the high precision and surface finish possible on the basis of. Many parts, if any other means of production belonging to the large-scale production, Well Machining is alow-tolerance and can meet the requirements of small batch production. Besides, many parts on the production and processing of coarse process to improve its general shape of the surface. It is only necessary precision and choose only the surface machining. For instance, thread, in addition to mechanical processing, almost no other processing method for processing. Another example is the blacksmith pieces keyhole processing, as well as training to be conducted immediately after themechanical completion of the processing.Primary Cutting ParametersCutting the work piece and tool based on the basic relationship between the following four elements to fully describe : the tool geometry, cutting speed, feed rate, depth and penetration of a cutting tool.Cutting Tools must be of a suitable material to manufacture, it must be strong, tough, hard and wear-resistant. Tool geometry -- to the tip plane and cutter angle characteristics -- for each cutting process must be correct.Cutting speed is the cutting edge of work piece surface rate, it is inches per minute to show. In order to effectively processing, and cutting speed must adapt to the level of specific parts -- with knives. Generally, the more hard work piece material, the lower the rate.Progressive Tool to speed is cut into the work piece speed. If the work piece or tool for rotating movement, feed rate per round over the number of inches to the measurement. When the work piece or tool for reciprocating movement and feed rate on each trip through the measurement of inches. Generally, in other conditions, feed rate and cutting speed is inversely proportional to。

机械加工零件的工艺及夹具设计方案(中英文对照)

机械加工零件的工艺及夹具设计方案(中英文对照)

机械加工零件的工艺及夹具设计摘要:本文对机械加工零件的结构和工艺进行了分析,确定了机械加工工艺路线,夹具在机械加工中所占的地位和重要性,以及夹具设计。

随着科学的日益发展进步和国家产业政策的调整,工程机械行业已成为没有政策壁垒的完全竞争行业关键词:技术背景/发展趋势/工序/定位方案1 机械加工历史背景及其意义机械制造业是一个古老而永远充满生命力的行业。

随着现代工业的发展,对机械产品的要求越来越高,机械制造工艺也在日新月异地发展。

自新中国成立以来,我国的制造技术与制造业得到了长足发展,一个具有相当规模和一定技术基础的机械工业体系基本形成。

改革开放二十多年来,我国制造业充分利用国内国外两方面的技术资源,有计划地推进企业的技术改造,引导企业走依靠科技进步的道路,使制造技术、产品质量和水平及经济效益发生了显著变化,为推动国民经济的发展做出了很大的贡献。

尽管我国制造业的综合技术水平有了大幅度提高,但与工业发达国家相比,仍存在阶段性差距。

进入二十一世纪,我国发展经济的主导产业仍然是制造业,特别是在我国加入世贸组织后,世界的制造中心就从发达国家迁移到了亚洲,我国有廉价的劳动力和广大的消费市场,因此,我国工业要想发展,就需要有相应的技术和设备来支持。

机械工业是国民经济的装备工业;是科学技术物化的基础;是高新技术产业化的载体;是国防建设的基础;是实现经济快速增长的重要支柱;也是为提高人民生活质量、提供消费类机电产品的供应工业。

它对国民经济运行的质量和效益、产业结构的调整和优化具有极其重要的作用。

2 机械行业的现状及发展趋势随着社会的发展,各种机械逐渐运用到各个行业中,不管是在农用、军用、工用等方面,离开了机械的操作就谈不上效率,因此,从某中角度上来说,一个国家的经济实力、社会地位,和机械行业的发展是密不可分的。

各工业化国家经济发展的历程表明,没有强大的装备制造业,就不可能实现国民经济的工业化、现代化和信息化[3]。

泵体(II)零件机械加工工艺和专用夹具设计-外文翻译

泵体(II)零件机械加工工艺和专用夹具设计-外文翻译

本科生毕业设计 (论文)
外文翻译
原文标题An intelligent fixture design method based on
smart modular fixture unit
译文标题基本的加工工序—切削,镗削和铣削
作者所在系别机电工程学院
作者所在专业机械设计制造及自动化
作者所在班级
作者姓名
作者学号
指导教师姓名
指导教师职称
完成时间
注:1. 指导教师对译文进行评阅时应注意以下几个方面:①翻译的外文文献与毕业设计(论文)的主题是否高度相关,并作为外文参考文献列入毕业设计(论文)的参考文献;②翻译的外文文献字数是否达到规定数量(3 000字以上);③译文语言是否准确、通顺、具有参考价值。

2. 外文原文应以附件的方式置于译文之后。

开题报告机械手夹持器设计

开题报告机械手夹持器设计
国内外现状和发展趋势
工业机械手是近代自动控制领域中出现的一项新的技术,是现代控制理论与工业生产自动化实践相结合的产物,并以成为现代机械制造生产系统中的一个重要组成部分。工业机械手是提高生产过程自动化、改善劳动条件、提高产品质量和生产效率的有效手段之一。尤其在高温、高压、粉尘、噪声以及带有放射性和污染的场合,应用得更为广泛。在我国,近几年来也有较快的发展,并取得一定的效果,受到机械工业和铁路工业部门的重视。
二、以改善劳动条件,避免人身事故
在高温、高压、低温、低压、有灰尘、噪声、臭味、有放射性或有其他毒性污染以及工作空间狭窄的场合中,用人手直接操作是有危险或根本不可能的,而应用机械手即可部分或全部代替人安全的完成作业,使劳动条件得以改善。
在一些简单、重复,特别是较笨重的操作中,以机械手代替人进行工作,可以避免由于操作疲劳或疏忽而造成的人身事故。
80-90年代,装配机械手处于鼎盛时期,尤其是日本。
90年代机械手在特殊用途上有较大的发展,除了在工业上广泛应用外,农、林、矿业、航天、海洋、文娱、体育、医疗、服务业、军事领域上有较大的应用。
90年代以后,随着计算机技术、微电子技术、网络技术等的快速发展,机械手技术也得到飞速的多元化发展。
总之,目前机械手的主要经历分为三代:
收集相关资料,并对现有的资料进行研究分析,进而分析自己完成本课题还存在哪方面的困难,除了现有的知识外还应该具备哪些新的知识。选定自己适合和熟悉的制图软件,对选定的工具进行深入的学习及具体实践。对驱动油路进行仔细研究,了解液压驱动原理,绘制油路图。机械结构的分析,根据要求设计出合理轻便的机械手。在三维软件中模拟机械手工作状态。模拟调试后对整个机械手进行完善。
液压元件设计数据的搜集,能看到的仅仅是外形安装定位尺寸,十分有限,仅仅是提供一种设计分析管理的方法。

机械专业开题报告(精选3篇)

机械专业开题报告(精选3篇)

机械专业开题报告(精选3篇)机械专业篇11课题提出的背景与研究意义1.1课题研究背景在数控机床移动式加工中移动部件和静止导轨之间存在着摩擦,这种摩擦的存在增加了驱动部件的功率损耗,降低了运动精度和使用寿命,增加了运动噪声和发热,甚至可能使精密部件变形,限制了机床控制精度的提高。

由于摩擦与运动速度间存在非线性关系,特别是在低速微进给情况下,这种非线性关系难以把握,可能产生所谓的尺蠖运动方式或混沌不清的极限环现象,严重破坏了对微进给、高精度、高响应能力的进给性能要求。

为此,把消除或减少摩擦的不良影响,作为提高机床技术水平的努力方向之一。

该课题提出的将磁悬浮技术应用到数控机床加工中,即可以做到消除移动部件与静止导轨之间存在的摩擦及其不良影响。

对提高我国机床工业水平及赶上或超过国际先进水平具有重大意义,且社会应用前景广阔。

1.2课题研究的意义机床正向高速度、高精度及高度自动化方向发展。

但在高速切削和高速磨削加工场合,受摩擦磨损的影响,传统的滚动轴承的寿命一般比较短,而磁悬浮轴承可以克服这方面的不足,磁悬浮轴承具有的高速、高精度、长寿命等突出优点,将逐渐带领机电行业走向一个没有摩擦、没有损耗、没有限速的崭新境界。

超高速切削是一种用比普通切削速度高得多的速度对零件进行加工的先进制造技术,它以高加工速度、高加工精度为主要特征,有非常高的生产效率,磁悬浮轴承由于具有转速高、无磨损、无润滑、可靠性好和动态特性可调等突出优点,而被应用于超高速主轴系统中。

要实现高速切削,必须要解决许多关键技术,其中最主要的就是高速切削主轴系统,而选择合理的轴承型式对实现其高转速至关重要。

其中,磁悬浮轴承是高速切削主轴最理想的支承型式之一。

磁悬浮轴承可以满足超高速切削技术对超高速主轴提出的性能要求。

但它与普通滑动或滚动轴承的本质区别在于,系统开环不稳定,需要实施主动控制,而这恰恰使得磁悬浮轴承具有动特性可控的优点磁悬浮轴承是一个复杂的机电磁一体化产品,对其精确的分析研究是一项相当困难的工作,如果用实验验证则会碰到诸如经费大、周期长等困难,在目前国内情况下不能采取国外以试验为主的研究方法,主要从理论上进行研究,利用计算机软件对磁悬浮控制系统进行仿真是一种获得磁悬浮系统有关特征简便而有效的方法。

输出轴(CA6140车床)加工工艺及夹具设计[外文翻译+文献综述+开题报告]

输出轴(CA6140车床)加工工艺及夹具设计[外文翻译+文献综述+开题报告]
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夹具设计 开题报告

夹具设计 开题报告

夹具设计开题报告夹具设计开题报告一、引言夹具是一种用于固定和支撑工件的装置,广泛应用于制造业中的加工和装配过程中。

夹具的设计和制造对于产品质量和生产效率具有重要影响。

本文将探讨夹具设计的相关问题,并提出解决方案。

二、夹具设计的重要性夹具在制造业中起着至关重要的作用。

首先,夹具能够确保工件在加工和装配过程中的位置和姿态,从而保证产品的精度和质量。

其次,夹具能够提高生产效率,减少工人的劳动强度。

此外,夹具还能够保护工件的表面,防止在加工过程中产生划痕和损坏。

三、夹具设计的挑战夹具设计面临着一些挑战。

首先,夹具设计需要考虑工件的形状和尺寸,以及加工和装配过程中的力学特性。

其次,夹具设计需要考虑工件的材料和表面处理,以确保夹具与工件之间的摩擦和粘附力。

此外,夹具设计还需要考虑生产线的布局和工人的操作习惯,以提高生产效率和工作安全性。

四、夹具设计的解决方案为了解决夹具设计的挑战,可以采取以下解决方案。

首先,可以使用计算机辅助设计(CAD)软件进行夹具设计,以提高设计效率和精度。

其次,可以采用模块化设计的方法,将夹具设计分解为多个子系统,以便于维护和升级。

此外,可以使用先进的材料和制造工艺,以提高夹具的耐用性和精度。

五、夹具设计的案例分析以汽车制造业为例,夹具设计在汽车生产线中起着重要作用。

夹具能够固定和支撑汽车零部件,确保其在焊接、装配和涂装等工艺中的位置和姿态。

同时,夹具还能够提高生产效率,减少工人的劳动强度。

通过合理的夹具设计,汽车制造商能够提高产品质量和生产效率,从而提升竞争力。

六、夹具设计的未来发展夹具设计在制造业中的重要性将会继续增加。

随着工业4.0和人工智能的发展,夹具设计可以与其他智能设备和系统进行集成,实现自动化生产和智能制造。

此外,夹具设计还可以利用虚拟现实和增强现实技术,进行设计和仿真,以提高设计效率和准确性。

七、结论夹具设计在制造业中具有重要的地位和作用。

通过合理的夹具设计,可以提高产品质量和生产效率,降低生产成本和工人的劳动强度。

开题报告及外文翻译---壳体零件的加工工艺规程及夹具设计

开题报告及外文翻译---壳体零件的加工工艺规程及夹具设计

毕业设计开题报告(含文献综述、外文翻译)题目壳体零件的加工工艺规程及夹具设计开题报告1. 选题的背景和意义1.1选题的背景研究协会的统计表明,目前中、小批多品种生产的工件品种已占工件种类总数的85%左右。

现代生产要求企业所制造的产品品种经常更新换代,以适应市场的需求与竞争。

然而,一般企业都仍习惯于大量采用传统的专用夹具,一般在具有中等生产能力的工厂,里约拥有数千甚至近万套专用夹具;另一方面,在多品种生产的企业中,每隔3~4年就要更新50~80%左右专用夹具,而夹具的实际磨损量仅为10~20%左右。

1.2选题意义对夹具创新设计的研究,对国内机械制造有着重要意义:(1)保证加工精度采用夹具安装,可以准确地确定工件与机床、刀具之间的相互位置,工件的位置精度由夹具保证,不受工人技术水平的影响,其加工精度高而且稳定。

(2)提高生产率、降低成本用夹具装夹工件,无需找正便能使工件迅速地定位和夹紧,显著地减少了辅助工时;用夹具装夹工件提高了工件的刚性,因此可加大切削用量;可以使用多件、多工位夹具装夹工件,并采用高效夹紧机构,这些因素均有利于提高劳动生产率。

另外,采用夹具后,产品质量稳定,废品率下降,可以安排技术等级较低的工人,明显地降低了生产成本。

(3)扩大机床的工艺范围使用专用夹具可以改变原机床的用途和扩大机床的使用范围,实现一机多能。

例如,在车床或摇臂钻床上安装镗模夹具后,就可以对箱体孔系进行镗削加工;通过专用夹具还可将车床改为拉床使用,以充分发挥通用机床的作用。

(4)减轻工人的劳动强度用夹具装夹工件方便、快速,当采用气动、液压等夹紧装置时,可减轻工人的劳动强度。

2.设计内容2.1 主要设计内容1)完成壳体零件的三维造型2)完成壳体零件的工艺规程及工序卡片3)完成壳体上一副钻夹具的设计任务4)完成壳体上一副铣夹具的设计任务5)完成夹具全部零件的三维造型及装配2.2 拟解决的关键问题(1)对于壳体零件的定位基准不好选择。

夹具设计报告范文

夹具设计报告范文

夹具设计报告范文摘要本次报告的主要内容是对夹具的设计,以及它的各个部分的功能和结构。

首先,本文对夹具的基本结构进行了介绍,包括夹具的各部分的结构分析以及使用的材料。

其次,本文对夹具的夹持力进行了实验分析,结果表明,夹具的夹持力在满足设计要求的情况下是满足要求的。

最后,本文对夹具的结构进行了优化设计,以增强夹具的使用性能以及耐用性,为用户提供更高的使用效果。

关键词:夹具,设计,夹持力,优化IntroductionThe purpose of this report is to document and analyze the design of a fixture. Fixture is a tool and device used to locate and secure the workpiece in the machining process accurately. The configuration of a fixture includes fixture body, clamping device, workpiece positioning device and stop device. In this report, the function, structure and performance of the fixture will be discussed. The materials used and the experiment of clamping force will be presented. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn with some possible optimization suggestions.Structure Analysis1. Plate: The plate is used for mounting and positioning of the workpiece. The upper surface is slightly concave and the lower surface is flat. The plate is made of aluminum alloy andprocessed by cutting machine. The bottom surface of the plate is fixed to the base.3. Positioning Block: The positioning block is fixed to the lower step of the base through the screws and nuts. The positioning block is used to achieve the positioning and fixing of the clamping device and workpiece.4. Center Clamp: The center clamp is used to clamp the workpiece at the center of the plate. It is fixed to the positioning block and can be adjusted in height.5. Edge Clamp: The edge clamp is used to clamp the workpiece along the edge of the plate. It is fixed to the positioning block.6. Handle: The handle rotates to drive the edge clamp to clamp the workpiece.7. Bolt: The bolt is used to fix the handle to the positioning block.Clamping Force TestIn order to test the clamping force of the fixture, an experiment wa s conducted using a workpiece of 10×30×50 mm. The clamping force was measured on the basis of the test load and the displacement. The force-displacement curves of the center clamp and edge clamp were obtained and are shown in Figure 1. The experimental results show that the maximum clamping forcesof the center clamp and edge clamp are 0.72 and 0.66 kN, respectively. The results meet the design requirements.Figure 1. Clamping force-displacement curvesOptimization DesignBased on the analysis of the structure and performance of the fixture in the previous sections, it is necessary to make some optimization design suggestions to enhance the performance of the fixture.。

机械毕业设计英文外文翻译71车床夹具设计分析

机械毕业设计英文外文翻译71车床夹具设计分析

机械毕业设计英文外文翻译71车床夹具设计分析附录ALathe fixture design and analysisMa Feiyue(School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei, Anhui Hefei 230022,China)Abstract: From the start the main types of lathe fixture, fixture on the flower disc and angle iron clamp lathe was introduced, and on the basis of analysis of a lathe fixture design points.Keywords: lathe fixture; design; pointsLathe for machining parts on the rotating surface, such as the outer cylinder, inner cylinder and so on. Parts in the processing, the fixture can be installed in the lathe with rotary machine with main primary uranium movement. However, in order to expand the use of lathe, the work piece can also be installed in the lathe of the pallet, tool mounted on the spindle.THE MAIN TYPES OF LATHE FIXTUREInstalled on the lathe spindle on the lathe fixtureInstalled in the fixture on the lathe spindle in addition to three-jaw chuck, four jaw chuck, faceplate, front and rear dial with heart-shaped thimble and a combination of general-purpose lathe fixture folder outside (as these fixtures have been standardized and machine tool accessories, can be purchased when needed do not have to re-design), usually need to design special lathe fixture. Common special lathe folder with the following types.Fixture took disc latheThis process is to find the generic is installed on the faceplate is difficult to ensure the accuracy of the workpiece, so the need to design special lathe fixture. The lathe fixture design process, first select the cylindrical workpieceand the end cylinder B, the semi-circular surface finishing (finishing second circularsurface when the car has been good with circular surface) is positioned datum, limit of six degrees of freedom, in line with the principle of base overlap.The work piece fixture to ensure the accuracy of measures:The workpiece fixture to ensure the accuracy of measures:(1) tool by the workpiece machining position relative to the guarantee. (2) symmetry of size 0.02. Rely on sets of holes5.56h Φ22.5Φ0.023023+Φ0.023023+Φ180.02±and positioning theworkpiece with the precision of andlocate the position of dimensional accuracy and process specification requirements to ensure that the same parts of the four circular surface must be processed on the same pins.(3) all fixtures and clip bushing hole axis vertical concrete face A tolerance of .because the A side is the fixture with the lathe when the transition assembly base plate installed.(4) specific folder on the-hole plate with the transition to the benchmarks pin design requires processing each batch of parts to be sold in the transitional disk with a coat made of a tight match, and the local processing of the face plate to reduce the transition fixture on the set of small errors.The angle iron fixtureIf the processing technology for the and, drilling, boring, reaming process scheme. Boring is required in the face A face of finishing B ( range) and the A, B sides and the holeaxis face runout does not exceed . In addition, the processing of -hole, you should also ensure that its axis with the axis of the degree of tolerance for the uranium ; size 5.56h Φ0.0100.00220.5++Φ0.005mm 207H Φ20Φ0.0102.5+Φ0.0110.00510++Φ12Φ10Φ0.02mm2.5Φ0.0110.00510++Φ0.01mm Φ10Φand the location of ; and and of the axis of the axis of displacement tolerance not more than .Based on the above analysis on the part of process size, choose the -hole on the workpiece surface and M, N two planes to locate the benchmark.Installed on the lathe pallet fixtureLimited equipment in the factory, similar to the shape of the parts box, its small size, designed for easy installation without turning the main pumping in the fixture, you can drag the panel removal tool holder, fixture and workpiece mounted on the pallet. Processing, mounted on the lathe tool on the main primary uranium movement, feed the work piece for movement, so you can expand the scope of application of lathe.LATHE FIXTURE DESIGN POINTSThe design features of the positioning deviceLathe fixture positioning device in the design, in addition to considering the limited degrees of freedom, the most important thing is to make the surface of the workpiece axis coincides with the 15.50.1±80.1mm ± 2.5Φ10Φ17.5Φ0.02mm 17.5Φaxis of spindle rotation. This is described in the previous twosets of lathe fixture when special emphasis. In addition, the positioning device components in the specific folder location on the workpiece surface accuracy and dimensional accuracy of the location has a direct relationship, so the total figure on the fixture, be sure to mark the location positioning device dimensions and tolerances, and acceptance as a fixture conditions.Jig weight design requirementsProcessing in the lathe, the workpiece rotation together with the fixture will be a great centrifugal force and the centrifugal force increases sharply with increasing speed. This precision machining, processing, and the vibration would affect the surface quality of parts. Therefore, the lathe fixture between devices should pay attention to the layout of equipment necessary to balance the design weights.Dlamping device design requirementsLathe fixture in the course of their work should be the role of centrifugal force and cutting force, the size of its force and direction of the workpiece position relative to the base is changing. Therefore, a sufficient clamping device clamping force and a good self-locking.To ensure safe and reliable clamping. However, the clamping force can not be too large, and require a reasonable layout of the force, and will not undermine the accuracy of the location positioning device.Llathe fixture connection with the machine tool spindle design Lathe fixture connected with the spindle directly affects the accuracy of the rotary fixture accuracy, resulting in errors in the workpiece. Therefore, the required fixture rotation axis lathe spindle axis with high concentricity.Lathe fixture connected with the spindle structure,depending on the spindle when turning the front of the structure model is confirmed, by machine instructions or the manual check on. Lathe spindle nose are generally outside the car with cone and cone, or a journal and other structures with the flange end connections to the fixture base. Note, however, check the manual should be used with caution, because many manufacturers of machine tools, machine tools of similar size may differ. The most reliable method for determining, or to field measurements in order to avoid errors or losses. Determine the fixture and the spindle connecting structure, generally based on fixture size of the size of the radial: radialdimension less than , or small lathe fixture. Pairs of fixture requirements of the overall structureLathe fixture generally work in the state of the cantilever in order to ensure process stability, compact fixture structure should be simple, lightweight and safe, overhang length to as small as possible, the center of gravity close to the front spindle bearing. Fixture overhang length L and the ratio of outer diameter D profile can refer to the following values used: Less than the diameter D in fixture, ;Diameter D between the fixture in ,; Fixture diameter D is greater than , .To ensure security, installed in the specific folder on the components of the folder is not allowed out beyond the specific diameter, should also consider cutting the wound and coolant splash and other issues affecting safe operation.References140mm (23)D d <-150mm 1.25L D ≤150300mm :0.9L D ≤300mm 0.6L D ≤[1] Chen Guofu. Lathe fixture [J]. Mechanical workers. Cold,2000 (12)[2] Dong Yuming. Yang Hongyu. Fixture design in the common problems [J]. Mechanical workers. Cold, 2005 (1)[3] Liu Juncheng The machine clamps the clamping force in the design process calculations [J]. tool technology, 2007 (6) 附录B车床夹具设计分析(合肥学院机械工程系,安徽合肥230022)摘要:从车床夹具的主要类型着手,对花盘式车床夹具和角铁式夹具进行了介绍,并在此基础上分析了车床夹具设计要点。

机械设计开题报告(精选3篇)

机械设计开题报告(精选3篇)

机械设计开题报告(精选3篇)机械设计篇1课题名称:hc轧机主体设计一、课题的目的与要求:通过本题目的研究和设计,使该学生得到——市场调查、资料检索、机械设计、cad软件应用、技术文件撰写等系统的工程师技能的综合训练。

要求按照学院下发的“学生毕业设计手册”中的规定,认真完成毕业设计工作二、设计的技术要求与参数(或论文的主要研究内容、目标):最大轧制力:XX0kn轧制力矩:150mpa轧件:q195q215q235工作辊直径:400mm来料规格:1.2-4/700-1250轧机辊数:6要求轧机能自动要自动咬入轧件三、毕业设计(论文)应完成的具体工作1.根据工艺要求完成本课题所有力能参数的计算2.根据所得的数据完成主要零件的强度计算,以及相应的选材,热处理的选择3.根据计算以及工艺需要对零、部件进行结构设计4.按毕业设计要求完成所有的计算以及说明,应配以必要的插图5.完成毕业设计四、查阅文献要求及主要的参考文献:黄华清《轧钢机械》冶金工业出版社邹家祥《轧钢机械》冶金工业出版社王邦文《新型轧机》冶金工业出版社成大先《机械设计手册》化学工业出版社邓文英《金属工艺学》高教出版社五、进度计划:2.25~3.8:毕业实习、调研,收集资料,查阅中外文文献,完成开题报告等工作。

3.11~3.22:比较方案,确定方案,完成,外文翻译。

3.22~6.14:完成计算及毕业设计说明书(论文)全部内容,完成所有图纸的绘制工作。

6.14~6.21:计算说明书整理、打印,图纸打印、提交毕业设计论文等,学生准备毕业设计答辩,交光盘。

6.21~6.28:准备答辩机械设计开题报告篇2一、选题背景及依据(简述国内外研究现状、生产需求状况,说明选题目的、意义,列出主要参考文献)随着我国经济繁荣发展,尤其是房地产业的火爆,带动了运输业的繁荣。

同时也对运输效率提出了更高要求。

以往的人工装卸已经不能满足行业的发展。

更高效省力的汽车自卸系统越来越普遍被使用。

夹具类外文文献翻译——集成和信息辅助夹具设计与制造

夹具类外文文献翻译——集成和信息辅助夹具设计与制造

附录附录1:外文翻译集成和信息辅助夹具设计与制造F. MERVYN, A. SENTHIL KUMAR* and A. Y. C NEE虽然大量的研究已应用于开发计算机辅助夹具设计系统,但夹具设计制造领域和其他领域之间的信息交换并没有彻底处理。

本文针对这一差距,在夹具设计中通过应用适当的信息模型研究计算机辅助夹具设计系统和集成支持制造业。

夹具设计的模型主要是介绍有关夹具设计,以及其他设计和制造活动。

对应用在XML的信息模型和信息交流中的一个基于XML的消息传递模型的方法进行了讨论。

关键词:夹具设计,综合设计和制造;信息建模;1.介绍在一个旨在降低产品交货时间和成本以及提高产品质量的过程中,企业寻求各种工程所涉及的一体化进程设计和制造产品。

适当的整合将允许在一个产品实现涉及领域作出的决定适用于其他领域的需要,导致整体的最优解设计和制造产品。

计算机辅助系统发挥了关键作用在于协助不同领域开展工作。

开发集成设计和制造系统的一个关键成功因素在于能在各种电脑辅助系统的信息进行交流。

夹具设计领域的发展已出现大量的电脑辅助系统的应用。

在制造过程设备服务于持有目的工件和保持一个安全方面的一致关系的工具。

已通过各种办法发展半自动化,自动化夹具设计系统。

张毕(2001)努力提出的这些最新成果。

尽管通过大量的研究,适应各域之间的信息和其他制造业领域的交流,但是需求并没有得到彻底处理。

适当的夹具设计信息模型描述知识和技术规格将有助于大大提高产品质量和缩短产品交货时间。

本文的目的是要为解决通过对相应的信息化辅助模式的夹具设计系统,并支持集成设计和制造。

该这项工作的范围只限于加工装置本文组织如下:第2条的有关研究进行讨论在发展生产的信息模型;第3条提出了一个活动模型夹具设计;第4给出了不同的夹具设计信息模式,以支持集成设计和制造,而第5条提出了一个使用XML的例子,实现了信息模型。

第6节介绍交流信息的夹具设计方法为基础上的信息模型和第7条最后的文件。

机械类毕业设计开题报告含文献综述外文翻译

机械类毕业设计开题报告含文献综述外文翻译

毕业设计开题报告含文献综述、外文翻译题目姓名学号班级专业机械设计制造及其自动化学院机械工程学院指导教师职称开题报告1. 选题的背景和意义法生产塑料算起,塑料工业已有得广泛的应用,成技术,…… 选题的背景选题意义2.设计内容 主要设计内容…………………………… 拟解决的关键问题……………………………3.设计的方法及措施可行性分析……………………………方法及措施……………………………4.预期设计成果……………………………5.设计工作进度计划本毕业设计的阶段划分与进度安排如下:第一阶段:第七学期第10~12周,查阅文献和撰写文献综述初稿;第二阶段:第七学期第 13~16周,修改并完成文献综述与外文翻译,撰写开题报告;第三阶段:第八学期第 1~……….;……;……….;……….;……….;第六阶段:第八学期第 10~12周2011…..~2011…..,整理和撰写设计论文,形成终稿,送审、修改、并装订;1. 国内外研究现状法生产塑料算起,得广泛的应用,成技术,…… 2.研究方向机电一体化方向机械结构设计……………………………参考文献含开题报告和文献综述[1] 蒋继红, 虞贤颖, 王效岳. 塑料成型模具典型结构图册出版社, 2006.[2] 朱祖超. 2000, 364: 30-33.[3]ANTILA M, LANTTO E, ARKKIO A. Determination of force and linearizedparameters of radial active magnetic bearings by finite element techniqueJ. IEEE Trans. on Magn. 1998, 343: 684-694.S. 北京: 中国标准出版社,D. 太原: 太原理工大学, 1998.期刊序号 主要责任者. 文献题名J. 刊名, 出版年份,卷号期号: 起止页码.专着序号 主要责任者. 文献题名M. 其他责任者. 出版地: 出版者, 出版年.国际、国家标准序号标准代号, 标准名称S. 出版地: 出版者, 出版年.学位论文序号主要责任. 文献题名D. 保存地: 保存单位, 年份.外文翻译译文题目原稿题目原稿出处。

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毕业设计开题报告
(含文献综述、外文翻译)
题目
姓名
学号
班级
专业机械设计制造及其自动化
学院机械工程学院
指导教师(职称)
1. 获得广泛的应用,1.1 1.2 选题意义
2.设计内容
2.1 主要设计内容
……………………………
2.2 拟解决的关键问题
……………………………
3.设计的方法及措施
3.1 可行性分析
……………………………
3.2 方法及措施
……………………………
4.预期设计成果
……………………………
5.设计工作进度计划
本毕业设计的阶段划分与进度安排如下:
第一阶段:第七学期第10~12周(2010.11.1~2010.11.19),查阅文献和撰写
第二阶段:第七学期第13
第三阶段:第八学期第1~
……….;
……;
……….;
……….;
……….;
第六阶段:第八学期第10~12周(2011…..~2011…..),整理和撰写设计论文,形成终稿,送审、修改、并装订。

1.
获得广泛的应用,分子合成技术,……2.研究方向
2.1 2.1.1 机械结构设计
参考文献(含开题报告和文献综述)
[1] 蒋继红, 虞贤颖, 王效岳. 塑料成型模具典型结构图册
出版社, 2006. [2]
朱祖超.
ARKKIO A. Determination
[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1996. 期刊
[序号] 主要责任者. 文献题名[J]. 刊名, 出版年份,卷号(期号): 起止页码.
专著
[序号] 主要责任者. 文献题名[M]. 其他责任者. 出版地: 出版者, 出版年.
国际、国家标准
[序号] 标准代号, 标准名称[S]. 出版地: 出版者, 出版年.
学位论文
[序号] 主要责任. 文献题名[D]. 保存地: 保存单位, 年份.
外文翻译译文题目
原稿题目
原稿出处。

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