新标准大学英语_综合教程3课后答案
新标准大学英语_综合教程3_课后答案unit 4
Unit 4Reading 1Language points1 Work in corporate America (Title)Corporate America is a general term given to a large non-government-owned organization or companyin the United States, eg a bank, a marketing research company etc. It has both positive and negativeconnotations. Positively, it means that a company or an organization produces wealth and improvespeople’s living standards in a free market and competitive society by p eople working together to achievethe goals. This mainly refers to financial gains and success. Negatively, it seems to indicate the promotionof self-interest, financial gains, greed and irresponsibility in the workplace.2 It is not surprising that modern children tend to look blank and dispirited when ... (Para 1)To look blank means that modern children show no sign of understanding or emotion about the corporateworkplace, they seem unresponsive and have blank looks.Someone who is dispirited does not have the hope, enthusiasm or interest that they had earlier; they are inlow spirits or downhearted.3 The parent could take his offspring to his place of business and let him watch while he repaired abuggy or built a table. (Para 2)A buggy is a vehicle used for babies and toddlers by carers (parents, grandparents and adults in caringprofessions), to push them around. It is also called a pushchair. In the US, it is called a stroller.4 When a child asked … his father could answer in terms that a child could come to grips with, suchas “I fix steam engines” or “I make horse collars”. (Para 3)The expression come to grips with normally means to face up to a problem, situation or difficult job anddeal with it. Here, it means that someone gets to understand something that is difficult or unpleasant. It hasthe similar meaning as to come to terms with, tackle, handle, manage etc. Horse collars are made of leather and fit around animals’ necks to allow themto pull heavy things. Whenhorses are used to pull carts or carriages they wear horse collars. Here, in corporate America, this is adeliberate image of something very old-fashioned, just like steam engines.5 How can he possibly envision anyone analyzing a system or researching a market? (Para 5)The word envision is a verb which means to show a visual scene in your mind, to imagine something thatis outside your experience, which has not happened or does not exist.6 Even grown men … and it is a safe bet that the average systems analyst is as baffled about what aspace salesman does at the shop as the average space salesman is about the tools needed to analyze asystem. (Para 6)The expression it is a safe bet means that the speaker or writer is sure about something (they would bewilling to risk money to confirm it).Changing times Unit 4117A space salesman deals with the arrangements for the use of space in offices and other places: How manyrooms might be needed for what purposes, what sorts of work people do in particular offices and how theoffice furniture and equipment can best be arranged for the maximum effectiveness, how much it coststo rent or use office accommodation in different parts of a city ... But probably, a space salesman mainlydeals with people who want to rent office space.In this sentence the writer is saying he is quite sure that neither the systems analyst nor the spacesalesman knows about each other’s work and what they actually do.7 The machines that make things make them in such a fashion that they will quickly fall apart insuch a way that repairs will be prohibitively expensive. (Para 7)The expression in such a fashion means in a particular way or manner.The cost is prohibitively expensive when it prevents you from buying something, as it is beyond the limitsof what you can afford. Or, we may say the cost is prohibitive.The sentence means that the machines make things in such a way that they will break or fall into piecesso that they can’t be cheaply repaired. It is implied that the things are made to be short-lasting so that themanufacturers can sell more later.8 The handful of people remotely associated with these machines can, of course,tell their inquisitivechildren “Daddy makes junk”. (Para 8)Inquisitive children are those who like to ask lots of questions, especially things that adults do not wantto talk about.9 Most of the workforce, however, is too remote from junk production to sense any contribution tothe industry. (Para8)The sentence means most workers are distant from the process of junk production so they do not feel thattheir work has any part in it.10 Others telephone to ascertain the whereabouts of paper. (Para 12)The expression ascertain the whereabouts of something means to find out where something is.11 Back at the office, the father orders the paper retyped and reproduced in quintuplicate, and thensent to another man for comparison with paper that was reproduced in triplicate last year. (Para 16)The word quintuplicate means that something is made into five copies. To quadruplicate means to makeinto four copies; triplicate three copies; and duplicate two copies. Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 old, broken or useless things (junk)2 relating to large companies, or a particular large company (corporate)3 to not approve of someone or something (disapprove)4 to form a picture of someone or something in your mind (visualize)5 an agreement in which you risk an amount of money by saying what you think will happen (bet)6 to find out something (ascertain)7 the space at the left or right side of a page where words are not usually printed or written (margin)8 to discuss something with other people in order to reach a decision (confer)9 important, respected, and admired (eminent)10 to twist your face into an expression that shows you are angry (scowl)5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 It’s not easy to visualize what life was like in the age of the steam engine.2 If you disapprove of these plans, you should let me know exactly what you find wrong with them.3 Thomas’ room is full of junk like broken electrical equipment and old computer parts he doesn’t need.4 My bet is that this type of job w on’t give you much satisfaction.5 We’re going to need some time to confer with our lawyers before we make a decision.6 The margins of the pages in this document have all been written on.7 We can’t accept your application, without ascertaining the authenticity of your qualifications.8 It was a corporate decision to close the bank, not the choice of any individual.9 She’s a very nice person, and a very eminent professor.10 Why is he scowling at me? What have I done?6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words. You may need to makeother changes.1 A curious child is often eager to inquire about the jobs their parents do. (inquisitive)An inquisitive child is often eager to inquire about the jobs their parents do.2 Most people think the decision they took is impossible to understand. (incomprehensible)3 Could you write down any ideas you have during the meeting on this piece of paper? (jot)4 You are very careful about noticing details if you can remember exactly what the manager was wearing.(observant)5 I’m afraid we don’t know the place where Helen is right now. (whereabouts) I’m afraid we don’t know the whereabouts of Helen.Changing times Unit 41196 Don’t be unhappy and lacking in enthusiasm. I’m sure one of the app lications will be successful.(dispirited)7 I’d like to buy an open top car, but they’re all so terribly expensive. (prohibitively)7 Answer the questions about the expressions.1 If you look blank about something, do you (a) understand, or (b) not understand it?2 If you come to grips with a problem, do you (a) start to deal with it, or (b) stop thinking about it?3 When something falls apart, is it (a) in the wrong place, or (b) broken?4 When something wears out, does it (a) not look very nice, or (b) become old and unusable?5 If you mull over a problem, do you (a) think carefully about it for a longtime, or (b) quickly solve it?6 Do people sometimes say “It beats me” because they (a) understand, or (b) don’t understand something?Active reading (2)Language points1 There’s nothing new about our obsession with the new, says Dominic Sandbrook. (Introduction)Obsession is an emotional state in which someone or something is so important that you are alwaysthinking about them, in a way that seems extreme to other people.2 We live in a world of unprecedented, dazzling change. (Para 1)The word unprecedented means never having happened or existed before, eg an unprecedented situation,an unprecedented change.3 Thanks to globalization, national frontiers are collapsing around us, while technological innovationsare fundamentally reshaping our lives in ways we can barely comprehend. (Para 1)Because of the situation of globalization –that the whole world is developing a single complex economy,communication system and culture –it seems that there are no national borders and new technologies areinfluencing our lives in basic ways which we cannot really understand.4 So run the clichés, anyway. (Para 2)A cliché refers to a phrase or idea that is boring because people use it a lot, and it is no longer original andsounds empty. The expression so run the clichés means these are the clichés you often hear.5 But it is only our obsession with novelty, ignorance of deeper historical patterns and arrogantinsistence on our own importance that leads us into this kind of talk. (Para 2)Historical patterns refer to major events in history which make patterns because they are related to eachother or similar.Changing times Unit 41256 Yet there is a good case that we do not, in fact, live in very interesting times at all. (Para 2)A case here is a set of facts or arguments that you can state for or againstsomething. A case forsomething is positive support or a good case; a case against something is a counter-argument or reasonswhy the case is not valid; a poor case is weak and does not have solid facts or reasons behind it. You canstate, make or argue a case.7 Take the example of globalization, which, according to its American champion, Thomas Friedman ...influencing “the politics, environment, geopolitics and economics of virtually every country in theworld”. (Para 3)The word champion here refers to someone who publicly supports or defends a set of beliefs or politicalaims, ie a strong supporter.Geopolitics means the study of how a country’s position, economy or population can influence itspolitics, especially in relation to other countries.8 The Roman Empire, for example, is nothing if not a multi-ethnic, multicultural, transnationalentity … (Para 4)The word transnational means affecting or involving several countries. The prefix trans- means across.9 And for all the hype about the Internet, the brutal truth is that most of us use it to do remarkablyold-fashioned things ... (Para 6)Hype refers to the use of a lot of advertisements or other publicity to influence or interest people. To hypeup means to make something sound more interesting or impressive than it is. The brutal truth refers to the truth that is extremely honest, given in a way that seems unkind.10 We are always being told that the Internet has “opened up” the world, yeta staggering 90 per centof all web traffic is local. (Para 6)The word staggering means extremely surprising. Many people would think that much or most use, ortraffic, of the World Wide Web would be global or international, but the writer says that, surprisingly, 90 percent is local.11 When Stanley Kubrick’s film 2001: A Space Odyssey … talking to sentient computers and living onthe Moon. (Para 7)Sentient computers are computers which are capable of feeling things through the physical senses.12 But the cinema-goers of 1968 would have been deeply disappointed to realizethat in fact theywould be living in Milton Keynes and watching Midsomer Murders. (Para 7) This sentence presents a contrast with the previous sentence which gave a picture that people had in 1968of possibly going into space. Instead, their future turned out to be living in a very ordinary town of manynew streets which all seem identical (like Milton Keynes) and watching detective stories about ruralvillages on TV (like Midsomer Murders, a TV series based in rural southern England).13 Even our neophilia is nothing new. (Para 8)The prefix neo- means modern or new. The suffix -phile describes someone who loves or likes something;thus an anglophile likes English things, a francophile likes French things, a sinophile likes Chinesethings. The word neophilia means the love of new things or novelties.14 If so, then we are lucky, because we don’t. (Para 10)We are lucky because we don’t live in interesting times, which means we should avoid the chaos andanxiety of interesting times.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 an emotional state in which someone or something is so important to you that you are always thinkingabout them (obsession)2 the study of the way that goods and services are produced and sold and the way money is managed(economics)3 to proudly tell other people about what you have done or can do, or about something you own (boast)4 a car (automobile)5 an area or town near a large city but away from its centre, where there are many houses, especially formiddle-class people (suburb)6 a new idea, method, piece of equipment etc (innovation)7 something that you suggest is true, although you do not say it directly (implication)8 the limits of your experience (horizons)6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.1 The middle-class dream used to be to live in a peaceful suburb and own a new automobile.2 Today we have an obsession with healthy lifestyles and the latest technological innovations.3 He has good reason to boast about the progress he has made in his career.4 The implication is obvious: We are beginning to understand the impact of globalization.5 Most of us need a professor of economics to explain how our horizons have been pushed back by theopening up of new world markets.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.Teaching tipsSs need to realize that some adjectives, eg unprecedented and plausible, that you are going to insertshould go before the nouns.1 The water has risen to levels which we have never seen before. (unprecedented) The water has risen to unprecedented levels.2 Can you give me any reason which I can believe to explain what has happened? (plausible)Can you give me any plausible reason to explain what has happened?3 I think that the decision was based on the fact that he doesn’t know anything. (ignorance)I think that the decision was based on his ignorance.4 The news you’ve just given me is absolutely incredible. (staggering)5 I hope this crisis will be followed by a period in which there is no change. (stability)6 Are computers the best thing that ever happened to us, or a piece of bad luck caused by someone whowants to hurt us? (curse)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.Teaching tipsTo go over the answers, T gives ten Ss a number, each between one and ten. T calls “One”, then S1 readsQuestion 1 to the class. He / She should choose the correct answer and make it a complete sentence. Tcalls “Two” and S2 reads Question 2 etc. T doesn’t need to say anything unless a student gives a wronganswer. In that case, T should ask other Ss to help them.Changing times Unit 41291 If a change is dazzling, is it (a) very impressive, or (b) not impressive at all?2 If you use clichés in your writing, does your writing (a) contain some boring words or ideas thatpeople have used a lot, or (b) contain lots of fresh thoughts?3 If someone is arrogant, do they think that they (a) never, or (b) always know better than everyone else?4 Is an entity something that (a) has, or (b) doesn’t have internal unity?5 If you behave in a brutal way, are you (a) very gentle, or (b) very violent?6 Do people who always grumble never seem (a) happy, or (b) unhappy about anything?7 If you brag about something, do you talk (a) in a proud way that annoys people, or (b) patientlybecause it is hard to understand?8 Is the advent of something another way of talking about (a) the appearance, or (b) the disappearanceof something?9 If you refer to the magnitude of a problem, do you think that it might be (a) big, or (b) small?10 If something happens in the wake of something else, does it (a) come before it, or (b) follow it?Language in usein such a way / fashion that …1 Rewrite the sentences using in such a way / fashion that …1 Because of the way this office is built, it is difficult to avoid wasting energy on heating.This office is built in such a way that it is difficult to avoid wasting energy on heating.2 Due to the way in which the instructions were written, I couldn’t understand how to assemble theproduct.The instructions were written in such a fashion that I couldn’t understand how to assemble the product.3 Because of the way in which they welcomed me, I immediately felt at home in the new office.They welcomed me in such a way that I immediately felt at home in the new office.4 Due to the way in which problems are dealt with, it is unlikely that the top managers ever get to knowabout them.The problems are dealt with in such a fashion that it is unlikely that the top managers ever get to knowabout them.5 Because of the way in which I was taught English, I will probably never forget it.I was taught English in such a way that I will probably never forget it.word formation: in-, un-, dis-2 Look at the sentences from the passage Work in corporate America and answer the question.What do the prefixes in-, un- and dis- have in common?They are all negative prefixes meaning not.3 Replace the underlined words with the word in brackets and the appropriate prefix. You may need tomake other changes.1 I’m afraid Matthew has turned out to be no good at his job. (competent) I’m afraid Matthew has turned out to be incompetent at his job.2 I don’t have the same opinion as you. I think he’s doing fine. (agree)I disagree with you. I think he’s doing fine.3 If you click here, you can cancel the last change you made to the document. (do)If you click here, you can undo the last change you made to the document.4 How many people are without a job in this town? (employed)How many people are unemployed in this town?5 I didn’t know that you had introduced all these new rules. (aware)I was unaware that you had introduced all these new rules.6 Obviously, it wasn’t o ur intention not to obey the orders. (obey) Obviously, it wasn’t our intention to disobey the orders.Unit 4 Changing times1347 I’ve had a look at the report and I think it is not complete. (complete) I’ve had a look at the report and I think it is incomplete.8 I don’t know my colleagues very well, but I don’t have any bad feelings towards them. (like)I don’t know my colleagues very well, but I don’t dislike them.9 I’m afraid that software is not compatible with our system. (compatible) I’m afraid that software is incompatible with our system.for all + noun phrase4 Rewrite the sentences using for all + noun phrase.1 Although we are concerned about the environment, there is little that we can do to protect it.For all our concern about the environment, there is little that we can do to protect it.2 He has a lot of knowledge about the world of finance, but he doesn’t seem to know how to invest moneywisely.For all his knowledge about the world of finance, he doesn’t seem to know how to invest money wisely.3 Although she said a lot of kind words, I don’t think she really appreciated just how much time we hadspent on this project.For all her kind words, I don’t think she really appreciated just how much time we had spent on this project.4 He has hundreds of bright ideas about developing new products, but he never seems able to put themdown on paper.For all his bright ideas about developing new products, he never seems able to put them down on paper.5 I do have a lot of doubts about this new software, but I recognize that it is quite innovative.For all my doubts about this new software, I recognize that it is quite innovative.as + adj. …as5 Rewrite the sentences using as + adj. …as.1 I am confused about how to apply for the job. Similarly, they are confused about who can apply.I am as confused about how to apply for the job as they are about who can apply.2 My wife and I were worried about staying longer than we were supposed to. Similarly, our hosts wereworried that we might not have enjoyed the meal.My wife and I were as worried about staying longer as our hosts were that we might not have enjoyedthe meal.3 Our generation knows little about cassette recorders and record players. Similarly our parents knowlittle about iPods and MP3 players.Our generation knows as little about cassette recorders and record players as our parents know aboutiPods and MP3 players.4 We are curious about what he does for a living. Similarly, he is curious about what our company does.We are as curious about what he does for a living as he is about what our company does.Changing times Unit 41355 I have very little idea about how to shoe a horse. Similarly, he doesn’t have much idea about how torepair a motorbike.I have as little idea about how to shoe a horse as he has about how to repaira motorbike.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 margin This word usually means the space at the side of a page where you don’t write anything.(a) Do you have a habit of jotting notes in the margin when reading books? Yes, I do. But other people just take notes on a separate piece of paper because they don’t want tospoil the book.(b) If you win an election by a narrow margin, how big is the victory?The victory is not big; it is just a narrow or close victory.(c) What sort of problems are faced by people who live on the margins of society? They may face social and economic problems because they have fewer opportunities and may findit difficult to join the mainstream society.(d) If the margin of error in a calculation is very small, what are the chances that the calculation iswrong?The chances are small and any errors are likely to be very small.2 ignorance This word usually means lack of knowledge or facts about something.(a) If an answer that you give betrays your ignorance, how do you feel?You feel embarrassed because your answer has shown people your ignorance and most people donot like to show this in public.(b) Do you think that ignorance of the law can ever be an excuse for breaking it?It’s a human excuse because it means that you didn’t know the law on that point, but it is not a legalexcuse.(c) Do you know of any decisions that have been taken but which were based on ignorance?Yes. In the early days of the stock market in China, some people bought sharesin the belief that allshares would make money quickly, but later they lost money when the shares lost value. They boughtthe shares in ignorance about how the market works and they had little idea of the risks.3 sheer This word is usually used for emphasizing the amount or degree of something.(a) If somebody tells you that your company is sheer delight, how would you feel?I would feel complimented because that’s a nice thing to say to anyone. (b) If you were overcome by sheer weight of numbers, was it the quality or quantity of the oppositionthat defeated you?It would have been the quantity of the opposition, eg the large number of opponents.(c) Do you think it is easy to climb a sheer cliff face?Not at all, because that kind of cliff is nearly vertical and it is very difficult to climb without training.Unit 4 Changing times1367 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 Even grown men who do market research have trouble visualizing what a public relations man doeswith his day, and it is a safe bet that the average systems analyst is as baffled about what a spacesalesman does at the shop as the average space salesman is about the tools needed to analyze a system.即使是那些从事市场研究工作的成年人也难很想象公关部的人每天都在做些什么。
新标准大学英语_综合教程3_课后答案unit 6
Unit6Active reading (1)Last man down: the fireman’s storyLanguage points1 Last man down: the fireman’s story (Title)The expression last man down, similar to last man standing, refers to the survivor or winner. The lastman down from the tower before it collapsed would be one of the bravest.2 There were about two dozen of us by the bank of elevators ... (Para 2)A bank of elevators means a set of lifts.3 Some had their turnout coats off, or tied around their waists. (Para 2) Turnout coats are the uniform firefighters wear when they turn out for a fire.4 Others were raring to go. (Para 2)The expression raring to go is an old form of rearing up, and means being eager to go like a horse.5 All of us were taking a beat to catch our breaths, and our bearings, figure out what the hell wasgoing on. (Para 2)To take a beat means to rest for a moment.A bearing is an exact compass reading measured in degrees. To take your bearings is to find where youare. Here it means both physically and mentally.6 We’d been at this thing, hard, for almost an hour, some a little bit less, and we were nowhere closeto done. (Para 2)To be at this thing is a slang expression which means to work on this mission. The expression nowhere close to done means someone is far from completing their work.7 Of course, we had no idea what there was left to do, but we hadn’t made a dent. (Para 2)A dent is a mark on a piece of metal as when you bump your car. To make a dent in something is to havean effect on it (imagine beating a piece of hard steel and not making any mark on it). To make a dent heremeans to achieve something. The firefighters had hardly begun their work.8 As if we could see clear through the ceiling tiles for an easy answer. (Para 3)Looking up for the source of the noise was only useful if you could see through the floors above, but itstill remained an instinctive reaction.9 The building was shaking like in an earthquake, like an amusement park thrill ride gone berserk …(Para 3)The word berserk was originally about ancient Viking warriors who worshipped a bear god (ber). Theywould go into a terrible rage or madness when fighting. It now means utterly and dangerously crazy.10 The way it coursed right through me. (Para 3)To course means to run or flow somewhere quickly. The noise and vibration have a strong physical effecton the writer.11 I thought about my wife and my kids, but only fleetingly and not in any kind of life-flashing-beforemy-eyes sort of way. (Para 4)Life flashing before my eyes is a claim made by someone who has near-death experiences, as in anaccident, of seeing a slow motion version of the most important events in their lives. Researchers say itmay be the reaction of the brain to trauma.Streets full of heroes Unit 619912 Or, “We’ll all meet at the big one.” (Para 4)After any fire, the fighters use the expression the big one to minimize that fire and suggest there willalways be a bigger one coming. It is a brave act of understatement.13 I never knew how it started, or when I’d picked up on it myself, but it was part of our shorthand. (Para 4)To pick up on it means to learn it and start using it. It is a slang expression. Shorthand is a system of writing used for taking down fast speech. It uses symbols for common wordsand can only be understood by people who learn it. Firemen have their own spoken shorthand (as do mostprofessions). To an outsider, the big one would not mean much, but as the writer explains it was rich inmeaning to him and his colleagues.14 I fumbled for some fix on the situation, thinking maybe if I understood what was happening I couldsteel myself against it. (Para 5)Some fix is a slang term which means a way of understanding.To steel oneself against something means to prepare oneself to do something unpleasant.15 A battalion commander for the New York Fire Department, he was on the sceneof the disaster … (Para 6)The Fire Department is divided up into battalions of up to 200 consisting of a number of companies ofabout 30 firefighters.Reading and understanding3 Choose the best summary of the extract.2 In this dramatic personal account, firefighter Richard Picciotto recalls what he was doing and thinking,just before the north tower of the World Trade Center collapsed on 11 September 2001.4 Answer the questions.1 Where was Richard Picciotto at 9:59 am on 11 September 2001?He was on the 35th floor of the north tower of the World Trade Center.2 Who was with him?About two dozen firefighters.3 What was everybody trying to do?They were resting and trying to work out what was going on.4 How long had they been in the building?Nearly an hour.5 What did they do when the noise started?They stood still.6 What was happening to the building?It was falling down.7 What did Picciotto start thinking about when he heard the noise?He started thinking about his family, job and the bagels in the kitchen.Unit 6 Streets full of heroes2008 Did Picciotto have the impression things were happening quickly or slowly? To him, it seems things were happening slowly while in truth they weren’t.9 How did Picciotto get out of the tower?He climbed through the rubble and led his men to safety.10 How many firefighters lost their lives?Altogether 343 firefighters.11 Why did Picciotto write Last Man Down?He wrote it as a tribute to his colleagues.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make a fire stop burning (extinguish)2 the total number of people who have been killed or hurt (toll)3 an extremely difficult or frightening situation (nightmare)4 a very sad event that causes people to suffer or die (tragedy)5 as much as possible (utmost)6 impressive actions that prove someone is very brave (heroism)7 happening in a confused way and without any order or organization (chaotic)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.For a firefighter arriving on the scene of a fire the first few minutes are usually the most (1) chaotic.He has to (2) extinguish the fire, he also needs to find out if human lives are in danger. When people aretrapped inside a building he must act swiftly to prevent (3) tragedy, or, –in the (4) nightmare scenario – tokeep the death (5) toll to a minimum. Actions like these require the (6) utmost degree of (7) heroism.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 He’s a very honest, fair and well-behaved sort of person. (decent)2 I’d like to express my thanks for everything you’ve done for me. (gratitude)3 There was a group of cows standing in the corner of the field. (herd)4 There have been very big increases in food prices over the last few months. (massive)5 All the people should leave the building immediately when the alarm sounds. (evacuate)6 She has displayed all the qualities needed for being a leader in her job. (leadership)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you are raring to go, are you eager to (a) leave, or (b) start an activity?2 If you get your bearings, do you (a) lose your way, or (b) find out where you are?3 If you are nowhere close to done, do you (a) still have a lot more work to do to finish the job, or (b) stillfeel strong and ready to work?4 If you haven’t made a dent in something, have you (a) made good progress, or (b) hardly begun the job?5 Is a racket (a) a loud and unpleasant noise, or (b) a low musical sound?Streets full of heroes Unit 62016 If something goes berserk, is it (a) quiet and well-behaved, or (b) out of control?7 Does whatever the hell it was suggest that the writer (a) knew exactly whatthe noise was, or (b) didn’tknow what the noise was?8 If something is part of the shorthand, can you (a) easily understand it, or(b) not understand it?9 If you are fumbling for a fix, are you (a) trying to understand something, or (b) trying to stay where you are?Active reading (2)Language points1 “Suddenly,” she wrote in her syndicated column, “I saw on the sidewalka figure of a man.” (Para 1)A syndicated column is a regular newspaper article sold to newspapers all around the country.2 “I felt certain that somewhere along the line she would stub her toe,” said Perkins, thinking ofWashington’s fishbowl atmosphere. (Para 3)To stub her toe means to do damage to herself or get hurt.In a fishbowl atmosphere, everyone can see what is happening in the fishbowl. The sentence means Perkins was sure sooner or later she would get into trouble and be criticized.3 I don’t know how she did it. What to lay it to? (Para 3)The expression what to lay it to means “how can one explain it?”.4 … “that a crippled man, victim of a cruel affliction, was able for more than ten years to ride thestorms of peace and war at the summit of the US …” (Para 3)A man in a wheelchair with a terrible disease could lead his country well both during the Great Depressionand World War.5 “Most people who have played second violin all their lives never have an opportunity to play firstviolin,” remarked Perkins. (Para 4)People who play second violin are those who do not lead or give solos and who are always of lesserimportance. To play first violin means to be the leader and take the initiative.6 “Now, if you want to know what I think about Mrs Roosevelt, she istuh-riffic! …” (Para 5)The word tuh-riffic means terrific. It is pronounced with a strong regional accent.7 On a trip to India ... introduced to the Indian Parliament by Pandit Nehru as “a representative ofresurgent humanity”. (Para 6)The expression resurgent humanity refers to recovering from the horrors of thefirst half of the 20thcentury. A representative of resurgent humanity refers to an example of the most admirable and progressivetype of person.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 Eleanor Roosevelt became a volunteer (c) .(a) when she met her husband(b) when her husband became President of the US(c) as a young woman(d) when she saw a homeless man in the street2 When she became the wife of the president (c) .(a) she gave up her job(b) she began to write for a newspaper(c) she reinvented the role of First Lady(d) she found it difficult to reconcile family life and public affairsStreets full of heroes Unit 62073 When she held her first press conference (a) .(a) she didn’t allow men to atte nd(b) she pushed her husband in on a wheelchair(c) she made speeches(d) her involvement in politics shocked people4 While Roosevelt was president, Eleanor (c) .(a) stayed a full-time wife and mother(b) made a lot of people angry(c) defended the rights of women and Afro-Americans(d) became the host of a television programme5 After her husband died she (c) .(a) retired from public life(b) became the only female delegate to the United Nations(c) helped implement the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(d) started writing for a newspaper6 In the last years of her life she (b) .(a) went to live in India(b) continued to promote the rights of women(c) was given a new task by President Kennedy(d) gave up her interest in politicsDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 someone who is chosen to represent a group of other people at a meeting (delegate)2 to believe that something is the cause of someone or something else (ascribe)3 a newspaper or television reporter, especially one who deals with a particular subject or area(correspondent)4 a very high level of skill or ability (genius)5 to control someone or something, often in a negative way, because you have more power or influence(dominate)6 used about a feeling or thought you do not realize you have (unconscious)7 to watch something in order to check that it works in the way that it should (oversee)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.Eleanor Roosevelt showed her (1) genius for getting the support of other (2) delegates in the UNAssembly. She was a great speaker who knew how to (3) oversee important meetings without being seento (4) dominate them. She was also a talented (5) correspondent and she wrote a daily column for manyyears. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s success as president was (6) ascribed by many to her support and wonderfulcharacter. She became involved in politics because of her sense of right and wrong and an (7) unconsciousneed to help people.Unit 6 Streets full of heroes2085 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 He has been unable to use his legs since birth. (crippled)2 We need to call a meeting for world leaders about this issue. (summit)3 The first thing I read in the newspaper is the regular section about the arts. (column)4 Our class visit to the United Nations was a wonderful experience. (marvelous)5 It’s import ant to try to influence politicians about the need to improve transport facilities in our area.(lobby)6 How many millions of people live in the very poor areas of Mumbai? (slums)6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 In a fishbowl atmosphere, are you (a) likely, or (b) unlikely to see what everyone is doing?2 Is a mishap a (a) positive, or (b) negative experience?3 If you have a humane attitude, are you (a) kind and caring, or (b) cruel and uncaring?4 If you win over someone to your cause, do you (a) defeat them, or (b) persuade them to join you?5 Does an affliction make your life (a) easy, or (b) difficult?6 If you ride the storm, do you (a) survive it, or (b) fall victim to it?7 Is a superlative performance (a) very good, or (b) just good?8 If a politician has a throng of admirers, are there (a) many people, or (b)a few who like them?9 If you are on a par with someone, are you in (a) the same position, or (b) different positions?Language in useword formation: gender-inclusive language1 Look at the sentences from the passages and answer the questions.Last man down: The fireman’s storyWe were firefighters, mostly, and we were in various stages of exhaustion.Streets full of heroes Unit 6211Please join Life magazine as we honor the power and humanity of Anna Eleanor Roosevelt by inductingher into the Hall of Heroes.1 What meaning do fireman and firefighter share?Someone whose job is to fight fires.2 What extra meaning is included in the word fireman?The person is male.3 Does the word heroes refer to men, women, or both?Both.2 Replace the underlined words with gender-inclusive language.1 Miss Read was the headmistress at school, and I was very fond of her. (headteacher)2 Mother Teresa and Eleanor Roosevelt are two great heroines of our time. (heroes)3 There were a lot of policemen standing at the entrance to the factory. (police officers)4 More than three hundred firemen died in the fire. (firefighters)5 We’ll ask one of our salesgirls to come and help you. (salespersons) Why is it that …?3 Rewrite the sentences using Why is it that ...?1 I don’t know why we haven’t been able to solve the problem of slums in this town.Why is it that we haven’t been able to solve the problem of slums in this town?2 I don’t know why we are not able to organize fair elections in this part of the world.Why is it that in this part of the world we are not able to organize fair elections?3 I don’t know why they never employ qualified people in this hotel.Why is it that in this hotel they never employ qualified people?4 I don’t know why the system of welfare is still not working properly in this country.Why is it that in this country the system of welfare is still not working properly?5 I don’t know why you always find such an easy answer to all the questionsI ask.Why is it that you always find such an easy answer to all the questions I ask?adj. + though it + be4 Rewrite the sentences using adj. + though it + be.1 My time in the United States was short, but it was interesting.My time in the United States, short though it was, was interesting.2 The scenes of destruction were terrible, but not surprising.The scenes of destruction, terrible though they were, were not surprising.3 The rescue operation cost a lot of money, but it was successful.The rescue operation, costly though it was, was successful.Unit 6 Streets full of heroes2124 The lesson he gave was extremely interesting, but it was soon forgotten. The lesson he gave, interesting though it was, was soon forgotten.5 Mother Teresa may have been old, but she was extremely active.Mother Teresa, old though she may have been, was extremely active.6 His actions may have been unconscious, but they have had very serious consequences.His actions, unconscious though they may have been, have had very serious consequences.collocations5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the collocation box. Sometimesmore than one collocation is possible.1 My grandfather died suddenly after a massive heart attack.2 There was a column of smoke in the sky for days after 9/11.3 Eleanor Roosevelt wrote a daily / newspaper column for nearly 30 years.4 The stress began to take a toll on their marriage.5 The final death toll might be much higher than the police at first thought.6 How many newspaper columns have been written about the heroes of the last century?7 Do you have to pay a toll to drive on the motorway?8 Your idea was brilliant – a stroke of genius!9 My hero is my English teacher. He has a genius for helping us understand Shakespeare.10 When she died she left a massive amount of money to charity.6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 I thought how we firemen were always saying to each other, “I’ll see you at the big one.” Or, “We’ll allmeet at the big one.” I never knew how it started, or when I’d picked up on it myself, but it was part ofour shorthand. Meaning, no matter how big this fire is, there’ll be another one bigger, somewhere downthe road. We’ll make it through this one, and we’ll make it through that one, too. I always said it, at bigfires, and I always heard it back, and here I was, thinking I would never say or hear these words again,because there would never be another fire as big as this. This was the big one we had all talked about,all our lives, and if I hadn’t known this before – just before these chilling moments – this sick, blacknoise now confirmed it. (这段话由许多短句构成，要注意短句间语气的连接。
新标准大学英语_综合教程3_课后答案unit 5
Unit5Active reading (1)Language points1 It was snowing heavily … not just to track down the last-minute presents, but to escape the bittercold … (Para 1)To track down means to find something or someone after a long search.At Christmas many people give a lot of thought to find the right gift and buy presents well in advance,others wait and buy something at the last opportunity on Dec 24th to buy the last-minute presents.A place in society Unit 51572 He was not yet enjoying the Christmas spirit ... albeit a working dinner at Joanne’s. (Para 2)The word albeit is used for introducing a comment that slightly changes or reduces the effect of a previousremark, like even if it is / although …3 He was from a hard-working family in upstate Virginia … (Para 2)The word upstate means the place is in the northern part of a particular state in the US.4 But his demeanor concealed a Harvard law degree and an internship in DC witha congressman, ajunior partnership in a New York law firm, along with a razor-sharp intellect and an ability to thinkon his feet. (Para 2)Partnership refers to the position of being one of two or more people who own a company as partners.A junior partner is a newer or younger partner who has less responsibility or fewer shares than a seniorpartner.A razor-sharp intellect is a very intelligent mind, which is quick to think and react; it is as sharp as a razor.The ability to think on one’s feet means being able to think quickly in unexpected situations.5 Senator Rogers was a Democrat … who knew Capitol Hill inside out but who had neverthelessmanaged to keep her credibility with her voters as a Washington outsider. (Para 3)To know something inside out means to know something very well.A Washington outsider refers to someone who is outside the central groups or members of political circlesin Washington and is therefore possibly independent.Senator Rogers was in her third term of office (ie she had been a senator for at least eight years) and sheknew the Senate and the government institutions in Washington thoroughly. Still, she had kept an imagewith voters that she was an outsider (ie she had not been affected negatively by knowing Washington toowell or by becoming too much like other politicians).6 She was pro-abortion, anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions andanti-capital punishment, asfine a progressive liberal as you could find this side of the Atlantic. (Para 3)The prefix pro- means in favour of something or someone. The prefix anti- means against. Pro-abortion,anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions and anti-capital punishment, all of these examples have beenseen as important political issues in the US, which are debated in political campaigns and thereforepoliticians are generally expected to take a position on them. For example, Senator Rogers was in favourof reducing carbon emissions – the output of CO2 into the atmosphere, because she was aware of thenegative effect of high emissions on climate change.A progressive liberal is someone who believes in social or political change if most people want it,especially change that makes a system fairer.The expression this side of the Atlantic refers to North America. The other side of the Atlantic would be inEurope, and vice versa for speakers in Europe.7 It was election time in the following year, and the word was she was going to run for the Democraticnomination. (Para 3)The expression the word was means there was s ome talk that …, or people were saying that …Unit 5 A place in society158The Democratic nomination here refers to the official approval of a candidate for the president bythe Democratic party. The nomination takes place officially during the Democratic convention beforea presidential election campaign. Up to that point, there are candidates who run or compete for thenomination, later the Presidential candidates run for President. There are parallel processes in theRepublican party.8 He’d never been to Joanne’s … which had often been maligned, or its jazz orchestra, which had aguest slot for a well-known movie director who played trumpet, but because of the stellar qualityof its sophisticated guests: politicians, diplomats, movie actors,hall-of-fame athletes, journalists,writers, rock stars and Nobel Prize winners – in short, anyone who was anyone in this city of powerbrokers. (Para 4)To malign means to say unpleasant things about something or someone, usually unfairly.A guest slot refers to a guest appearance as a particular occasion in a series of performances orprogrammes.The expression anyone who is anyone means any really important person or someone with a well-knownname.Power brokers are the people who control or influence which people get political power in an area.The sentence means he knew the reputation of the restaurant for its famous guests; its reputation was notfor its food or live music (which included a jazz orchestra in which a famous film director sometimesplayed). The guests included politicians, diplomats, actors, journalists, writers, musicians and scientists –anyone who is well-known in Washington, a city in which many people are powerful or influential in thegovernment.9 Inside, the restaurant was heaving with people. (Para 5)The expression heaving with people means crowds of people are pushing and pulling, moving up anddown.10 “Good evening Miss Bacall, good evening Mr Hanks,” and clicked his fingers to summon anotherwaiter to show them to their table. (Para 8)Miss Bacall and Mr Hanks may be oblique references to film stars Lauren Bacall and Tom Hanks.To click one’s fingers means to make a noise with one’s fingers as a signal to summon or call someone.11 The head waiter blinked, and swallowed hard. (Para 22)To blink means to close and open one’s eyes quickly. Here, this shows surprise.To swallow hard means to make a movement in the throat as if swallowing food. Here this showsembarrassment – Alberto realized he has made a mistake.12 In a classless society, Rogers was the closest thing to aristocracy that America had. (Para 23)America has a reputation for being classless, ie it doesn’t have such social classes as European countriesare supposed to have. This means that there are no people like aristocrats, but Senator Rogers was sodistinguished that she seemed like an aristocrat, or very nearly an aristocrat.13 Alberto hovered for a moment, then went to speak to a colleague. (Para 23) To hover means to wait or stay for a moment while somebody decides what to do. This shows that he orshe is unsure for the moment.A place in society Unit 5159Reading and understanding2 Answer the questions.1 Where and when is the story set?The story is set in Joanne’s, a famous restaurant in New York on Christmas Eve.2 Who is Josh?Josh is a smart, hard-working lawyer in his early thirties. He is anAfrican-American.3 Why does he go to Joanne’s?He has an appointment at Joanne’s.4 Who is Jo Rogers?Jo Rogers is a senior Senator in Washington and a well-known person in America.5 How does the head waiter greet Josh?He greets Josh very badly. He has a disdainful, superior attitude towards Josh and behaves rudely.6 Where does he eventually seat him?At the back of the restaurant, close to the bathroom, near a half-opened window through which an icybreeze is blowing.7 What does everyone do when Jo arrives?Everybody becomes silent and turns to look at her and greets her with silent applause.8 What suggestion does the head waiter make?He suggests that they should sit at a better table in the middle of the restaurant, from which she can seeeverybody, or everybody can see her.9 Does Jo accept the invitation?No, she says the waiter brought her friend to that table, so they will stay there.3 Choose the best summary of the passage.Teaching tipsAsk Ss to give reasons why the other two summaries are not the best ones. Please see comments below.1 It’s Christmas time, and a young man comes into a very busy restaurant. The head waiter shows him to atable by an open window. A little later a well-known politician comes in and says she is dining with theyoung man. The head waiter suggests moving them both to a more comfortable table, but the politiciandeclines the offer, saying that she’s happy to stay there if her friend is happy there too.Comment: It summarizes some of the points. But the final sentence is wrong: The Senator doesn’t giveany conditions about staying at the table, she just says they will stay where the waiter seated her friend.2 A well-known politician arranges a meeting with a young man. She wants him to help her in her electioncampaign to become US President. They arrange to meet in a crowded restaurant, where they can speakinformally. The waiter doesn’t recognize the young man, and seats him at the worst table in the room,but when the politician arrives he realizes his mistake, as he knows the two need to be comfortable todiscuss politics.Comment: This is partially wrong and fails to capture the main idea, they arrange to meet at Joanne’sbecause it is a famous restaurant.Unit 5 A place in society1603 When a young black man arrives in a crowded and expensive restaurant, the head waiter makes him sitin the least comfortable place, even though a table has been booked for him and a “Ms Rogers”. WhenMs Rogers arrives, the waiter realizes that she is a well-known politician; and Ms Rogers realizes thather friend has been treated badly because of the colour of his skin. The waiter realizes his mistake too,and tries to make up for it, but it is too late.Comments: This is the best summary because it captures the main point about the treatment of Josh.The passage does not actually state that he was treated badly because of thecolour of his skin, but it isimplied and in the context it is likely to be the point of the story. Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.Teaching tips• To vary the way of doing the activity, ask Ss to work in pairs. Student A randomly picks a word in thebox and asks Student B about the meaning. Student B listens and finds the appropriate answer amongthe definitions. The point is that Ss should interact with each other. For example:A: Can you tell me the meaning of “sophisticated”?B: Yes, just a moment … it means knowing and understanding a lot about a complicated subject.That’s No 3.A: OK, thanks. (writes 3 beside the word)• In order to give the class an example, T may ask one pair to repeat the dialogue to the class. Theyshould try to speak fluently.1 money or goods that you give to an organization, especially one that helps people (donation)2 involving or done with a lot of energy, effort, attention etc (intense)3 knowing and understanding a lot about a complicated subject (sophisticated)4 supporting social and political change that aims to make a system fairer (progressive)5 capable of doing something in a satisfactory or effective way (competent)6 a new member of a company or an organization, especially someone who has recently joined (recruit)7 to deliberately make someone feel frightened, especially so that they will do what you want (intimidate)8 to experience or deal with something, especially a problem (encounter)5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.There are two big political parties in the United States: the Republican party, which is traditionallythe more conservative of the two, and the Democratic party, which is said to be more (1) progressive.One of the most interesting and (2) intense moments in American political life is the election campaignwhich comes before the presidential elections. Both parties need a lot of money to pay for the campaign,for which they rely on (3) donations made by individuals and organizations. Theyalso need a lot of new(4) recruits to work on the campaign. These people are usually young, intelligent and hard-working,(5) competent in their jobs and not easily (6) intimidated, since they are likely to (7) encounter a lot ofproblems which have to be resolved quickly. But they also need to be highly (8) sophisticated, to beable to understand what the American people want, and to communicate with them through the style andorganization of the election campaign.A place in society Unit 5161Additional activityWhen Ss have completed Activity 5, ask them to work in pairs and prepare a brief presentation forCultural Encounters, a slot in a Chinese TV show which gives insights into other cultures around theworld. Each pair should discuss and think of an interesting way to present the information in Activity 5, eg tomake it an interview, a conversation, or a monologue to the camera. Ss will need to introduce the informationand make conclusions using their own words. Choose one or two pairs to make presentations. For example:A: And now it’s time for Cultural Encounters, a brief look at cultures around the world. Today we sharesome insights into election campaigns in the US … I am with Miss Xie who is from Washington DC,the city at the heart of American politics. So, Miss Xie, can you tell us about the two main politicalparties?B: Yes. There are two big political parties ...A: And what about the election campaigns?B: The election campaigns are certainly one of the most interesting and intense moments in Americanpolitical life ...A: And I gather the parties use volunteer recruits?...A: Well, that’s all for now. Thank you very much, Miss Xie. Please join us again next time for CulturalEncounters when we will be taking a look at the Brazilian carnival in Rio de Janeiro …6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 She’s a pleasant young woman, who is always very good company. (agreeable) She’s an agreeable young woman, who is always very good company.2 I’m afraid the reasons he gave me for not coming to the meeting were silly and unreasonabe. (laughable)3 It is important to fight dishonest and illegal behaviour by officials. (corruption)4 It’s freezing out here, I’m shaking with cold. (shivering)5 You might find someone to help you in the office, but I’m not sure. (doubtful)6 The attendant moved his shoulders up to suggest that he didn’t know the answer. (shrugged)7 Don’t be so annoyed because the service is slow, you won’t miss your flight. (impatient)8 The sound of people clapping at the end of the Senator’s speech lasted for five minutes. (applause)7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.Teaching tipsAs an efficient way to go over the answer, choose nine Ss and assign each one a number. Each studentthen gives the answer in the form of a complete sentence. T just calls out the numbers and say nothingunless there is a problem.1 If you track down something, do you (a) find it, or (b) lose it after a long search?2 Does someone who thinks on their feet make decisions (a) quickly, or (b) slowly?3 If you know something inside out, do you know it (a) only in part, or (b) very well?4 If you are in the running for a job, do you have (a) some chance, or (b) no chance of being chosen?5 Is a hall-of-fame athlete someone who will be (a) quickly forgotten, or (b) remembered for a long time?6 If the market is heaving with people, (a) is there a crowd of people there, or (b) are there not manypeople there?Unit 5 A place in society1627 If you summon someone, do you want them to (a) come to see you immediately, or (b) go away?8 If you refrain from doing something, do you (a) do it, or (b) not do it?9 If there is a flurry of activity, do a lot of things happen (a) all at once, or (b) over a long period of time?Active reading (2) Language points1 The company sent one of their engineers … where he was introduced to a small Saudi engineeringfirm … (Para 1)The word Saudi is the adjective about the country of Saudi Arabia, used to describe the people and relatedmatters, but not the language. Its language is Arabic, spoken as the major language in the Middle East andNorth Africa.2 This annoyed Johan nesson and his superiors … but the Saudis wanted the intermediary to be there.(Para 1)An intermediary is a go-between (Para 4, Line 6), someone who talks to each of the people or groupsinvolved in business or other matters, usually passing information from one to the other or trying topersuade them to agree with each other. So this person mediates between them.3 Just when Johannesson’s superiors started to doubt the wisdom of the corporation’s investment inthese expensive trips, a telex arrived from Riyadh ... (Para 2)To doubt the wisdom means people are not at all sure about the judgment or decision.4 When he came to Riyadh it appeared that the conflict was over a minor issue and could easily beresolved … (Para 3)A conflict could be resolved. Apart from resolving a conflict, other collocations worth noting are thatconflicts can be solved, settled or handled. Problems can lead to, create or provoke conflicts or become asource of conflict, and conflicts might be avoided, averted or prevented. Unit 5 A place in society1685 This is known in cultural anthropology as the extended family. (Para 5) The extended family is usually the wider family members of a married couple and children, withgrandparents and perhaps uncles, aunts and in-laws who live together or are in regular contact. The nuclearfamily (Para 6, Line 9) is a married couple and their children only, in the classical definition in sociology.6 The “we” group is distinct from other people in society who belong to “they” groups, of which thereare many. The “we” group (or in-group) is the major source of one’s identity …(Para 5)The in-group is the “we” group to which people feel they belong to first for their identity. Thecomplementary group is the out-group or the “they” group to which the in-group may sometimes beopposed, or at other times the in-group is just a tighter group within many larger out-groups.Reading and understanding3 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 Who was Johannesson?(a) A businessman with good contacts in Saudi Arabia.(b) An engineer who lived in Saudi Arabia.(c) An engineer working for a Swedish company.(d) A 30-year-old Swede with a British university degree.2 Why was he sent to Saudi Arabia?(a) To work for a Saudi engineering firm.(b) To work on a project funded by the Saudi government.(c) To take the place of a Swedish engineer who was already there.(d) To learn about Saudi customs and traditions.3 Why wasn’t he happy about the meet ings with the Saudis?(a) The Saudis spent too much time laughing and joking.(b) The trips to Saudi Arabia were long and tiring.(c) The Saudi brothers didn’t speak good English.(d) Another Swedish man was always present.4 What happened after the contract was signed?(a) Johannesson lost his job with the Swedish corporation.(b) The Swedish businessman returned to Sweden.(c) The attitude of the Saudis towards Johannesson changed.(d) The Swedish corporation stopped doing business in Saudi Arabia.5 Why was Johannesson sent to work in a different division?(a) As a reward for getting the contract with the Saudis.(b) Because he wasn’t suited to work with the Saudis.(c) Because he had become too friendly with the Saudis.(d) Because he had got too frustrated by the experience in Saudi Arabia.6 Why was he asked to return to Saudi Arabia?(a) The corporation wanted him to start a new project.(b) There was a lot of new work to do so two people were needed.(c) The engineer who replaced Johannesson fell ill and had to go home.(d) The Saudis trusted only Johannesson to sort out a small problem.A place in society Unit 51694 Work in pairs and answer the questions.1 Why don’t Saudis like doing business with a company?They want to work with an individual that they know and trust.2 Which type of group is a company: a “we” group or a “they” group?A company is a “they” group unless it is a small company.3 What type of family is there in a collectivist society?Families in co llectivist societies are usually “extended”, ie they consist of a larger number of peopleliving closely together.4 How does an in-group give people protection from the hardships of life? By being a focus of loyalty and through the help that members give to each other.5 In what type of society is there nuclear family?In individualist societies.6 Why aren’t people supposed to be dependent on a group in an individualist society?They are supposed to be able to stand on their own feet.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 support that you always give to someone or something because of your feelings of duty and lovetowards them (loyalty)2 to give someone the ability or opportunity to do something (enable)3 a company that sells the same goods or services as another company (competitor)4 a written legal agreement between two people or businesses that says what each must do for the other orgive to the other (contract)5 the control and operation of a business or organization (management)6 money used in a way that may earn you more money (investment)6 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.A Does your company do a lot of business abroad?B Yes, it does. We’ve recently signed a number of (1) contracts in the Middle East.A So you’re making a major (2) investment in that area?B Yes, we are. We also have a lot of (3) competitors in our line of business, so it won’t be easy.A Have you ever thought of working for one of them?B Not really, I’ve got a certain amount of (4) loyalty to my own company. I think that I’ve been treatedrather well by the (5) management. And if things go well, the new project I’m working on should(6) enable me to get promotion quite quickly.Additional activityActing on the radioWhen Ss have completed the activity, tell them it is time to perform as radio broadcasters. Ask them toread the whole conversation in pairs with as much fluency as they can, like reading a radio script. Later,Unit 5 A place in society170after Ss have practised for a short time, ask one pair to perform to the class. T has to introduce theirperformance as an extract from a radio script. Finally, ask the class for any comments: Did it sound like aradio broadcast? How could the actors improve their reading?7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You mayneed to make other changes.1 These 2,000 words form the most basic part of the English language. (core)2 Some British people think belonging to the European Union is vital to the UK’s national interests.(membership)Some British people think membership of the European Union is vital to the UK’s national interests.3 The process of sending the books may take up to two weeks. (delivery)The delivery of the books may take up to two weeks.4 They said they would cancel the contract if they weren’t paid by next Thursday. (threatened)They threatened to cancel the contrac t if they weren’t paid by next Thursday.5 Can’t you see the positive side? You always spend time talking about the bad things. (dwell on)6 Your inner strength will enable you to overcome life’s obstacles. (prevail over)Additional activityVocabulary challengeThis activity aims to encourage Ss to use the words in Activity 5 and Activity 7 productively. Ask Ss towork in pairs and think about the words in the box. Ask them to make one sentence that includes all thewords in the box. After a brief period of time, ask a few pairs to tell the class their examples. The classlisten to each example carefully and check whether all the six words are used. Finally, the class decidewhich is the best sentence and might be said in the appropriate context – thismeans Ss have to imagine apossible context. And ask some Ss to repeat the best sentence.Example 1 (Activity 5):Several competitors all wanted the contract, but the management felt particular loyalty to just oneinvestment company so they enabled that company to win the contract. Example 2 (Activity 5):Personally, I don’t think you should enable your friend to make an investment just because of loyalty toa company with bad management; rather she should make the investment with a competitor and have aproper contract.Example 3 (Activity 7):I really don’t wish to dwell on the way the manager threatened to change the delivery date of the corematerials, because your arguments about membership of the trade organization prevailed over what hewas suggesting.Example 4 (Activity 7):We prevailed over our competitors who belong to the core membership of the European Union when theythreatened to dwell on endless discussion about the delivery of new services.8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Does an intermediary try to get two people or groups to (a) agree, or (b) disagree with each other?A place in society Unit 51712 Is your successor in a job the person who comes (a) after, or (b) before you?3 If you have been nominated for a job, have you been (a) formally, or (b) only informally appointed?4 Is a go-between someone who (a) takes messages between two people, or (b) prevents them fromcommunicating?5 Is an individualist someone who (a) is, or (b) isn’t dependent on other people?6 If you can stand on your own feet, can you (a) look after yourself, or (b) see further than most people?7 Does parental advice come from (a) the government, or (b) your mother and / or father?Reading and interpreting9 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The story in the passage is an example of (b) .(a) a clash between two people with very different personalities(b) the difference between an “individualist” and a “collectivist” approach to business(c) the problem which occurs when people do business in a foreign language(d) a failure to do business2 The fact that most people in the world live in collectivist societies means(c) .(a) people don’t like to be alone(b) people need a lot of help to bring up their children(c) putting the needs of a group first helps protect the individual(d) people are taught not to stand on their own feet3 An “in-group”, or “we” group is (c) .(a) people who work for the same company(b) other people of your own age in society(c) the group which gives you your identity(d) a group you choose to belong to4 Children in collectivist societies (b) .(a) grow up in small families(b) are likely to be very loyal to their family(c) prefer having a lot of people to help look after them(d) are controlled by their family5 Children in individualist societies (b) .(a) are unlikely to have many playmates(b) are likely to leave home when they become adults(c) find it difficult to have relationships with other people(d) think of themselves as members of a groupLanguage in useword formation: pro- and anti-1 Look at the sentence from the passage Dinner at Joanne’s and answer the questions.She was pro-abortion, anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions andanti-capital punishment, as fine aprogressive liberal as you could find this side of the Atlantic.1 If she was pro-abortion, was she in favour of or against the possibility of having an abortion?She was in favour of the possibility of having an abortion.。
新标准大学英语_综合教程3_课后答案unit 4
Unit 4Reading 1Language points1 Work in corporate America (Title)Corporate America is a general term given to a large non-government-owned organization or companyin the United States, eg a bank, a marketing research company etc. It has both positive and negativeconnotations. Positively, it means that a company or an organization produces wealth and improvespeople’s living standards in a free market and competitive society by p eople working together to achievethe goals. This mainly refers to financial gains and success. Negatively, it seems to indicate the promotionof self-interest, financial gains, greed and irresponsibility in the workplace.2 It is not surprising that modern children tend to look blank and dispirited when ... (Para 1)To look blank means that modern children show no sign of understanding or emotion about the corporateworkplace, they seem unresponsive and have blank looks.Someone who is dispirited does not have the hope, enthusiasm or interest that they had earlier; they are inlow spirits or downhearted.3 The parent could take his offspring to his place of business and let him watch while he repaired abuggy or built a table. (Para 2)A buggy is a vehicle used for babies and toddlers by carers (parents, grandparents and adults in caringprofessions), to push them around. It is also called a pushchair. In the US, it is called a stroller.4 When a child asked … his father could answer in terms that a child could come to grips with, suchas “I fix steam engines” or “I make horse collars”. (Para 3)The expression come to grips with normally means to face up to a problem, situation or difficult job anddeal with it. Here, it means that someone gets to understand something that is difficult or unpleasant. It hasthe similar meaning as to come to terms with, tackle, handle, manage etc. Horse collars are made of leather and fit around animals’ necks to allow themto pull heavy things. Whenhorses are used to pull carts or carriages they wear horse collars. Here, in corporate America, this is adeliberate image of something very old-fashioned, just like steam engines.5 How can he possibly envision anyone analyzing a system or researching a market? (Para 5)The word envision is a verb which means to show a visual scene in your mind, to imagine something thatis outside your experience, which has not happened or does not exist.6 Even grown men … and it is a safe bet that the average systems analyst is as baffled about what aspace salesman does at the shop as the average space salesman is about the tools needed to analyze asystem. (Para 6)The expression it is a safe bet means that the speaker or writer is sure about something (they would bewilling to risk money to confirm it).Changing times Unit 4117A space salesman deals with the arrangements for the use of space in offices and other places: How manyrooms might be needed for what purposes, what sorts of work people do in particular offices and how theoffice furniture and equipment can best be arranged for the maximum effectiveness, how much it coststo rent or use office accommodation in different parts of a city ... But probably, a space salesman mainlydeals with people who want to rent office space.In this sentence the writer is saying he is quite sure that neither the systems analyst nor the spacesalesman knows about each other’s work and what they actually do.7 The machines that make things make them in such a fashion that they will quickly fall apart insuch a way that repairs will be prohibitively expensive. (Para 7)The expression in such a fashion means in a particular way or manner.The cost is prohibitively expensive when it prevents you from buying something, as it is beyond the limitsof what you can afford. Or, we may say the cost is prohibitive.The sentence means that the machines make things in such a way that they will break or fall into piecesso that they can’t be cheaply repaired. It is implied that the things are made to be short-lasting so that themanufacturers can sell more later.8 The handful of people remotely associated with these machines can, of course,tell their inquisitivechildren “Daddy makes junk”. (Para 8)Inquisitive children are those who like to ask lots of questions, especially things that adults do not wantto talk about.9 Most of the workforce, however, is too remote from junk production to sense any contribution tothe industry. (Para8)The sentence means most workers are distant from the process of junk production so they do not feel thattheir work has any part in it.10 Others telephone to ascertain the whereabouts of paper. (Para 12)The expression ascertain the whereabouts of something means to find out where something is.11 Back at the office, the father orders the paper retyped and reproduced in quintuplicate, and thensent to another man for comparison with paper that was reproduced in triplicate last year. (Para 16)The word quintuplicate means that something is made into five copies. To quadruplicate means to makeinto four copies; triplicate three copies; and duplicate two copies. Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 old, broken or useless things (junk)2 relating to large companies, or a particular large company (corporate)3 to not approve of someone or something (disapprove)4 to form a picture of someone or something in your mind (visualize)5 an agreement in which you risk an amount of money by saying what you think will happen (bet)6 to find out something (ascertain)7 the space at the left or right side of a page where words are not usually printed or written (margin)8 to discuss something with other people in order to reach a decision (confer)9 important, respected, and admired (eminent)10 to twist your face into an expression that shows you are angry (scowl)5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 It’s not easy to visualize what life was like in the age of the steam engine.2 If you disapprove of these plans, you should let me know exactly what you find wrong with them.3 Thomas’ room is full of junk like broken electrical equipment and old computer parts he doesn’t need.4 My bet is that this type of job w on’t give you much satisfaction.5 We’re going to need some time to confer with our lawyers before we make a decision.6 The margins of the pages in this document have all been written on.7 We can’t accept your application, without ascertaining the authenticity of your qualifications.8 It was a corporate decision to close the bank, not the choice of any individual.9 She’s a very nice person, and a very eminent professor.10 Why is he scowling at me? What have I done?6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words. You may need to makeother changes.1 A curious child is often eager to inquire about the jobs their parents do. (inquisitive)An inquisitive child is often eager to inquire about the jobs their parents do.2 Most people think the decision they took is impossible to understand. (incomprehensible)3 Could you write down any ideas you have during the meeting on this piece of paper? (jot)4 You are very careful about noticing details if you can remember exactly what the manager was wearing.(observant)5 I’m afraid we don’t know the place where Helen is right now. (whereabouts) I’m afraid we don’t know the whereabouts of Helen.Changing times Unit 41196 Don’t be unhappy and lacking in enthusiasm. I’m sure one of the app lications will be successful.(dispirited)7 I’d like to buy an open top car, but they’re all so terribly expensive. (prohibitively)7 Answer the questions about the expressions.1 If you look blank about something, do you (a) understand, or (b) not understand it?2 If you come to grips with a problem, do you (a) start to deal with it, or (b) stop thinking about it?3 When something falls apart, is it (a) in the wrong place, or (b) broken?4 When something wears out, does it (a) not look very nice, or (b) become old and unusable?5 If you mull over a problem, do you (a) think carefully about it for a longtime, or (b) quickly solve it?6 Do people sometimes say “It beats me” because they (a) understand, or (b) don’t understand something?Active reading (2)Language points1 There’s nothing new about our obsession with the new, says Dominic Sandbrook. (Introduction)Obsession is an emotional state in which someone or something is so important that you are alwaysthinking about them, in a way that seems extreme to other people.2 We live in a world of unprecedented, dazzling change. (Para 1)The word unprecedented means never having happened or existed before, eg an unprecedented situation,an unprecedented change.3 Thanks to globalization, national frontiers are collapsing around us, while technological innovationsare fundamentally reshaping our lives in ways we can barely comprehend. (Para 1)Because of the situation of globalization –that the whole world is developing a single complex economy,communication system and culture –it seems that there are no national borders and new technologies areinfluencing our lives in basic ways which we cannot really understand.4 So run the clichés, anyway. (Para 2)A cliché refers to a phrase or idea that is boring because people use it a lot, and it is no longer original andsounds empty. The expression so run the clichés means these are the clichés you often hear.5 But it is only our obsession with novelty, ignorance of deeper historical patterns and arrogantinsistence on our own importance that leads us into this kind of talk. (Para 2)Historical patterns refer to major events in history which make patterns because they are related to eachother or similar.Changing times Unit 41256 Yet there is a good case that we do not, in fact, live in very interesting times at all. (Para 2)A case here is a set of facts or arguments that you can state for or againstsomething. A case forsomething is positive support or a good case; a case against something is a counter-argument or reasonswhy the case is not valid; a poor case is weak and does not have solid facts or reasons behind it. You canstate, make or argue a case.7 Take the example of globalization, which, according to its American champion, Thomas Friedman ...influencing “the politics, environment, geopolitics and economics of virtually every country in theworld”. (Para 3)The word champion here refers to someone who publicly supports or defends a set of beliefs or politicalaims, ie a strong supporter.Geopolitics means the study of how a country’s position, economy or population can influence itspolitics, especially in relation to other countries.8 The Roman Empire, for example, is nothing if not a multi-ethnic, multicultural, transnationalentity … (Para 4)The word transnational means affecting or involving several countries. The prefix trans- means across.9 And for all the hype about the Internet, the brutal truth is that most of us use it to do remarkablyold-fashioned things ... (Para 6)Hype refers to the use of a lot of advertisements or other publicity to influence or interest people. To hypeup means to make something sound more interesting or impressive than it is. The brutal truth refers to the truth that is extremely honest, given in a way that seems unkind.10 We are always being told that the Internet has “opened up” the world, yeta staggering 90 per centof all web traffic is local. (Para 6)The word staggering means extremely surprising. Many people would think that much or most use, ortraffic, of the World Wide Web would be global or international, but the writer says that, surprisingly, 90 percent is local.11 When Stanley Kubrick’s film 2001: A Space Odyssey … talking to sentient computers and living onthe Moon. (Para 7)Sentient computers are computers which are capable of feeling things through the physical senses.12 But the cinema-goers of 1968 would have been deeply disappointed to realizethat in fact theywould be living in Milton Keynes and watching Midsomer Murders. (Para 7) This sentence presents a contrast with the previous sentence which gave a picture that people had in 1968of possibly going into space. Instead, their future turned out to be living in a very ordinary town of manynew streets which all seem identical (like Milton Keynes) and watching detective stories about ruralvillages on TV (like Midsomer Murders, a TV series based in rural southern England).13 Even our neophilia is nothing new. (Para 8)The prefix neo- means modern or new. The suffix -phile describes someone who loves or likes something;thus an anglophile likes English things, a francophile likes French things, a sinophile likes Chinesethings. The word neophilia means the love of new things or novelties.14 If so, then we are lucky, because we don’t. (Para 10)We are lucky because we don’t live in interesting times, which means we should avoid the chaos andanxiety of interesting times.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 an emotional state in which someone or something is so important to you that you are always thinkingabout them (obsession)2 the study of the way that goods and services are produced and sold and the way money is managed(economics)3 to proudly tell other people about what you have done or can do, or about something you own (boast)4 a car (automobile)5 an area or town near a large city but away from its centre, where there are many houses, especially formiddle-class people (suburb)6 a new idea, method, piece of equipment etc (innovation)7 something that you suggest is true, although you do not say it directly (implication)8 the limits of your experience (horizons)6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.1 The middle-class dream used to be to live in a peaceful suburb and own a new automobile.2 Today we have an obsession with healthy lifestyles and the latest technological innovations.3 He has good reason to boast about the progress he has made in his career.4 The implication is obvious: We are beginning to understand the impact of globalization.5 Most of us need a professor of economics to explain how our horizons have been pushed back by theopening up of new world markets.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.Teaching tipsSs need to realize that some adjectives, eg unprecedented and plausible, that you are going to insertshould go before the nouns.1 The water has risen to levels which we have never seen before. (unprecedented) The water has risen to unprecedented levels.2 Can you give me any reason which I can believe to explain what has happened? (plausible)Can you give me any plausible reason to explain what has happened?3 I think that the decision was based on the fact that he doesn’t know anything. (ignorance)I think that the decision was based on his ignorance.4 The news you’ve just given me is absolutely incredible. (staggering)5 I hope this crisis will be followed by a period in which there is no change. (stability)6 Are computers the best thing that ever happened to us, or a piece of bad luck caused by someone whowants to hurt us? (curse)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.Teaching tipsTo go over the answers, T gives ten Ss a number, each between one and ten. T calls “One”, then S1 readsQuestion 1 to the class. He / She should choose the correct answer and make it a complete sentence. Tcalls “Two” and S2 reads Question 2 etc. T doesn’t need to say anything unless a student gives a wronganswer. In that case, T should ask other Ss to help them.Changing times Unit 41291 If a change is dazzling, is it (a) very impressive, or (b) not impressive at all?2 If you use clichés in your writing, does your writing (a) contain some boring words or ideas thatpeople have used a lot, or (b) contain lots of fresh thoughts?3 If someone is arrogant, do they think that they (a) never, or (b) always know better than everyone else?4 Is an entity something that (a) has, or (b) doesn’t have internal unity?5 If you behave in a brutal way, are you (a) very gentle, or (b) very violent?6 Do people who always grumble never seem (a) happy, or (b) unhappy about anything?7 If you brag about something, do you talk (a) in a proud way that annoys people, or (b) patientlybecause it is hard to understand?8 Is the advent of something another way of talking about (a) the appearance, or (b) the disappearanceof something?9 If you refer to the magnitude of a problem, do you think that it might be (a) big, or (b) small?10 If something happens in the wake of something else, does it (a) come before it, or (b) follow it?Language in usein such a way / fashion that …1 Rewrite the sentences using in such a way / fashion that …1 Because of the way this office is built, it is difficult to avoid wasting energy on heating.This office is built in such a way that it is difficult to avoid wasting energy on heating.2 Due to the way in which the instructions were written, I couldn’t understand how to assemble theproduct.The instructions were written in such a fashion that I couldn’t understand how to assemble the product.3 Because of the way in which they welcomed me, I immediately felt at home in the new office.They welcomed me in such a way that I immediately felt at home in the new office.4 Due to the way in which problems are dealt with, it is unlikely that the top managers ever get to knowabout them.The problems are dealt with in such a fashion that it is unlikely that the top managers ever get to knowabout them.5 Because of the way in which I was taught English, I will probably never forget it.I was taught English in such a way that I will probably never forget it.word formation: in-, un-, dis-2 Look at the sentences from the passage Work in corporate America and answer the question.What do the prefixes in-, un- and dis- have in common?They are all negative prefixes meaning not.3 Replace the underlined words with the word in brackets and the appropriate prefix. You may need tomake other changes.1 I’m afraid Matthew has turned out to be no good at his job. (competent) I’m afraid Matthew has turned out to be incompetent at his job.2 I don’t have the same opinion as you. I think he’s doing fine. (agree)I disagree with you. I think he’s doing fine.3 If you click here, you can cancel the last change you made to the document. (do)If you click here, you can undo the last change you made to the document.4 How many people are without a job in this town? (employed)How many people are unemployed in this town?5 I didn’t know that you had introduced all these new rules. (aware)I was unaware that you had introduced all these new rules.6 Obviously, it wasn’t o ur intention not to obey the orders. (obey) Obviously, it wasn’t our intention to disobey the orders.Unit 4 Changing times1347 I’ve had a look at the report and I think it is not complete. (complete) I’ve had a look at the report and I think it is incomplete.8 I don’t know my colleagues very well, but I don’t have any bad feelings towards them. (like)I don’t know my colleagues very well, but I don’t dislike them.9 I’m afraid that software is not compatible with our system. (compatible) I’m afraid that software is incompatible with our system.for all + noun phrase4 Rewrite the sentences using for all + noun phrase.1 Although we are concerned about the environment, there is little that we can do to protect it.For all our concern about the environment, there is little that we can do to protect it.2 He has a lot of knowledge about the world of finance, but he doesn’t seem to know how to invest moneywisely.For all his knowledge about the world of finance, he doesn’t seem to know how to invest money wisely.3 Although she said a lot of kind words, I don’t think she really appreciated just how much time we hadspent on this project.For all her kind words, I don’t think she really appreciated just how much time we had spent on this project.4 He has hundreds of bright ideas about developing new products, but he never seems able to put themdown on paper.For all his bright ideas about developing new products, he never seems able to put them down on paper.5 I do have a lot of doubts about this new software, but I recognize that it is quite innovative.For all my doubts about this new software, I recognize that it is quite innovative.as + adj. …as5 Rewrite the sentences using as + adj. …as.1 I am confused about how to apply for the job. Similarly, they are confused about who can apply.I am as confused about how to apply for the job as they are about who can apply.2 My wife and I were worried about staying longer than we were supposed to. Similarly, our hosts wereworried that we might not have enjoyed the meal.My wife and I were as worried about staying longer as our hosts were that we might not have enjoyedthe meal.3 Our generation knows little about cassette recorders and record players. Similarly our parents knowlittle about iPods and MP3 players.Our generation knows as little about cassette recorders and record players as our parents know aboutiPods and MP3 players.4 We are curious about what he does for a living. Similarly, he is curious about what our company does.We are as curious about what he does for a living as he is about what our company does.Changing times Unit 41355 I have very little idea about how to shoe a horse. Similarly, he doesn’t have much idea about how torepair a motorbike.I have as little idea about how to shoe a horse as he has about how to repaira motorbike.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 margin This word usually means the space at the side of a page where you don’t write anything.(a) Do you have a habit of jotting notes in the margin when reading books? Yes, I do. But other people just take notes on a separate piece of paper because they don’t want tospoil the book.(b) If you win an election by a narrow margin, how big is the victory?The victory is not big; it is just a narrow or close victory.(c) What sort of problems are faced by people who live on the margins of society? They may face social and economic problems because they have fewer opportunities and may findit difficult to join the mainstream society.(d) If the margin of error in a calculation is very small, what are the chances that the calculation iswrong?The chances are small and any errors are likely to be very small.2 ignorance This word usually means lack of knowledge or facts about something.(a) If an answer that you give betrays your ignorance, how do you feel?You feel embarrassed because your answer has shown people your ignorance and most people donot like to show this in public.(b) Do you think that ignorance of the law can ever be an excuse for breaking it?It’s a human excuse because it means that you didn’t know the law on that point, but it is not a legalexcuse.(c) Do you know of any decisions that have been taken but which were based on ignorance?Yes. In the early days of the stock market in China, some people bought sharesin the belief that allshares would make money quickly, but later they lost money when the shares lost value. They boughtthe shares in ignorance about how the market works and they had little idea of the risks.3 sheer This word is usually used for emphasizing the amount or degree of something.(a) If somebody tells you that your company is sheer delight, how would you feel?I would feel complimented because that’s a nice thing to say to anyone. (b) If you were overcome by sheer weight of numbers, was it the quality or quantity of the oppositionthat defeated you?It would have been the quantity of the opposition, eg the large number of opponents.(c) Do you think it is easy to climb a sheer cliff face?Not at all, because that kind of cliff is nearly vertical and it is very difficult to climb without training.Unit 4 Changing times1367 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 Even grown men who do market research have trouble visualizing what a public relations man doeswith his day, and it is a safe bet that the average systems analyst is as baffled about what a spacesalesman does at the shop as the average space salesman is about the tools needed to analyze a system.即使是那些从事市场研究工作的成年人也难很想象公关部的人每天都在做些什么。
新标准大学英语综合教程3 课后答案 Unit 1-3
Unit 1Active reading (1)5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 achieving good results (productive)2 the fact of being present at an event, or of going regularly to school, church etc (attendance)3 the refusal to accept something new, such as a plan, idea, or change (resistance)4 determined to be successful, rich, famous etc (ambitious)5 agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion (acceptance)6 the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc (script)7 very good, large, or showing great skill (impressive)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.(1) attendance(2) ambitious(3) productive(4) impressive(5) resistance(6) script(7) acceptance7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 (mortgage)2 (deck)3 (surf)4 (coastal; defy)5 (lengthy)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 (b)2 (a)3 (b)4 (b)5 (b)6 (a)7 (b)8 (b)Active reading (2)4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 involving three things of the same kind (triple)2 an area of ground where dead people are buried (cemetery)3 the part of a place or thing that is at the back (rear)4 a book that someone writes about someone else’s life (biography)5 to put people or things into a space that is too small (cram)6 at the very beginning of a career and likely to be successful at it (budding)7 continuing only for a limited time or distance (finite)8 to pass (elapse)5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 elapsed ,cemetery2 rear,crammed3 triple4 budding ,biography5 finite6 Answer the questions about the words.1 (a)2 (b)3 (a)4 (a)5 (b)6 (b)7 (a)8 (a)7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 (a)2 (b)3 (b)4 (a)5 (a)6 (b)7 (b)8 (b)9 (a)Language in use (Omitted)7 Translate the paragraphs into English.1 对于是否应该在大学期间详细规划自己的未来，学生们意见不一。
新标准大学英语综合教程3课后答案解析Unit1
Unit 1Active reading (1)5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 achieving good results (productive)2 the fact of being present at an event, or of going regularly to school, church etc (attendance)3 the refusal to accept something new, such as a plan, idea, or change (resistance)4 determined to be successful, rich, famous etc (ambitious)5 agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion (acceptance)6 the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc (script)7 very good, large, or showing great skill (impressive)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.(1) attendance(2) ambitious(3) productive(4) impressive(5) resistance(6) script(7) acceptance7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 (mortgage)2 (deck)3 (surf)4 (coastal; defy)5 (lengthy)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 (b)2 (a)3 (b)4 (b)5 (b)6 (a)7 (b)8 (b)Active reading (2)4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 involving three things of the same kind (triple)2 an area of ground where dead people are buried (cemetery)3 the part of a place or thing that is at the back (rear)4 a book that someone writes about someone else’s life (biography)5 to put people or things into a space that is too small (cram)6 at the very beginning of a career and likely to be successful at it (budding)7 continuing only for a limited time or distance (finite)8 to pass (elapse)5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 elapsed ,cemetery2 rear,crammed3 triple4 budding ,biography5 finite6 Answer the questions about the words.1 (a)2 (b)3 (a)4 (a)5 (b)6 (b)7 (a)8 (a)7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 (a)2 (b)3 (b)4 (a)5 (a)6 (b)7 (b)8 (b)9 (a)Language in use (Omitted)7 Translate the paragraphs into English.1 对于是否应该在大学期间详细规划自己的未来，学生们意见不一。
新标准大学英语综合教程3答案(全版)分析解析
Unit 4active reading (1)3 1 3 94(1)junk (2)corporate (3)disapprove (4)visualiza (5)bet (6)ascertain (7)marbin (8)confer (9)eminent (10)scowl5(1)visualiza (2)disapprove (3)junk (4)bet (5)confer (6)marbins (7)ascertaining (8)corporate (9)eminent (10)scowling6(1)inquisitive (2)incomprehensible (3)jot (4)observant (5)whereabouts (6)dispirited (7)prohibitively7 b a b b a bacctive reading(2)3 b c b b b a5(1)obsession (2)economics (3)boast (4)automobile (5)suburb (6)innovation (7)implication (8)horizons6(1)suburb automobile (2)obsession innovations (3)boast (4)implication (5)economics horizons7(1)unprecedented (2)plausible (3)ignorance (4)staggering (5)stability (6)curse8 a a b a b a a a a bLanuage in use61(a)Yes,i do.but other people just take notes on a separate piece of paper because they don't want to spoil the book.(b)The victory is not big; it is just a narrow or close victory.(c)They may face social and econommic problems because they have fewer opportunities and may find it difficult to join the malinstream society.(d)The chances are small and any errors are likely to be very small.2(a)You feel embarrassed because your answer has shown people ignorance and most people do not like to show this in public.(b)It's a human excuse because it means that you didn't know the law on that point , but it is not a legal excuse.(c)Yes.in the early days of the stock market in china, some people bought shares in the belief that all shares would like money quickly, but later they lost money when the shares lost value. they bought the shares in ignorance about how the manket works and they had little idea of the risks.3(a)I would feel complimented because that's a nice thing to say to anyone.(b)It would have been the quantity of the opposition, eg they large number of opponents.(c)Not at all,because that kind of cliff is nearly vertical andit is very difficult to climb without training。
新标准大学英语综合教程3课后答案
新标准大学英语综合教程3课后答案Unit 1。
Part I。
1. A2. B3. C4. A5. B。
Part II。
1. What’s your major?2. What do you want to be when you graduate?3. How do you like your university life?4. What’s your plan for the future?5. What do you think of the courses you are taking?Part III。
1. C2. A3. B4. C5. A。
Part IV。
1. What is the passage mainly about?2. What does the author think of the traditional way of learning?3. What are the advantages of the new way of learning?4. What does the author suggest students do?5. What can we learn from the passage?Unit 2。
Part I。
1. C2. B3. A4. C5. B。
Part II。
1. What’s your opinion on online shopping?2. What do you think are the advantages of online shopping?3. Have you ever had any bad experiences with online shopping?4. Do you prefer online shopping or traditional shopping?5. What do you think will be the future of online shopping? Part III。
新标准大学英语_综合教程3_课后答案unit6
新标准⼤学英语_综合教程3_课后答案unit6Unit6Active reading (1)Last man down: the fireman’s storyLanguage points1 Last man down: the fireman’s story (Title)The expression last man down, similar to last man standing, refers to the survivor or winner. The lastman down from the tower before it collapsed would be one of the bravest.2 There were about two dozen of us by the bank of elevators ... (Para 2)A bank of elevators means a set of lifts.3 Some had their turnout coats off, or tied around their waists. (Para 2) Turnout coats are the uniform firefighters wear when they turn out for a fire.4 Others were raring to go. (Para 2)The expression raring to go is an old form of rearing up, and means being eager to go like a horse.5 All of us were taking a beat to catch our breaths, and our bearings, figure out what the hell wasgoing on. (Para 2)To take a beat means to rest for a moment.A bearing is an exact compass reading measured in degrees. To take your bearings is to find where youare. Here it means both physically and mentally.6 We’d been at this thing, hard, for almost an hour, some a little bit less, and we were nowhere closeto done. (Para 2)To be at this thing is a slang expression which means to work on this mission. The expression nowhere close to done means someone is far from completing their work.7 Of course, we had no idea what there was left to do, but we hadn’t made a dent. (Para 2)A dent is a mark on a piece of metal as when you bump your car. To make a dent in something is to havean effect on it (imagine beating a piece of hard steel and not making any mark on it). To make a dent heremeans to achieve something. The firefighters had hardly begun their work.8 As if we could see clear through the ceiling tiles for an easy answer. (Para 3)Looking up for the source of the noise was only useful if you could see through the floors above, but itstill remained an instinctive reaction.9 The building was shaking like in an earthquake, like an amusement park thrill ride gone berserk …(Para 3)The word berserk was originally about ancient Viking warriors who worshipped a bear god (ber). Theywould go into a terrible rage or madness when fighting. It now means utterly and dangerously crazy.10 The way it coursed right through me. (Para 3)To course means to run or flow somewhere quickly. The noise and vibration have a strong physical effecton the writer.11 I thought about my wife and my kids, but only fleetingly and not in any kind of life-flashing-beforemy-eyes sort of way. (Para 4)Life flashing before my eyes is a claim made by someone who has near-death experiences, as in anaccident, of seeing a slow motion version of the most important events in their lives. Researchers say itmay be the reaction of the brain to trauma.Streets full of heroes Unit 619912 Or, “We’ll all meet at the big one.” (Para 4)After any fire, the fighters use the expression the big one to minimize that fire and suggest there willalways be a bigger one coming. It is a brave act of understatement.13 I never knew how it started, or when I’d picked up on it myself, but it was part of our shorthand. (Para 4)To pick up on it means to learn it and start using it. It is a slang expression. Shorthand is a system of writing used for taking down fast speech. It uses symbols for common wordsand can only be understood by people who learn it. Firemen have their own spoken shorthand (as do most professions). To an outsider, the big one would not mean much, but as the writer explains it was rich inmeaning to him and his colleagues.14 I fumbled for some fix on the situation, thinking maybe if I understood what was happening I couldsteel myself against it. (Para 5)Some fix is a slang term which means a way of understanding.To steel oneself against something means to prepare oneself to do something unpleasant.15 A battalion commander for the New York Fire Department, he was on the sceneof the disaster … (Para 6)The Fire Department is divided up into battalions of up to 200 consisting of a number of companies ofabout 30 firefighters.Reading and understanding3 Choose the best summary of the extract.2 In this dramatic personal account, firefighter Richard Picciotto recalls what he was doing and thinking,just before the north tower of the World Trade Center collapsed on 11 September 2001.4 Answer the questions.1 Where was Richard Picciotto at 9:59 am on 11 September 2001?He was on the 35th floor of the north tower of the World Trade Center.2 Who was with him?About two dozen firefighters.3 What was everybody trying to do?They were resting and trying to work out what was going on.4 How long had they been in the building?Nearly an hour.5 What did they do when the noise started?They stood still.6 What was happening to the building?It was falling down.7 What did Picciotto start thinking about when he heard the noise?He started thinking about his family, job and the bagels in the kitchen.Unit 6 Streets full of heroes2008 Did Picciotto have the impression things were happening quickly or slowly? To him, it seems things were happening slowly while in truth they weren’t.9 How did Picciotto get out of the tower?He climbed through the rubble and led his men to safety.10 How many firefighters lost their lives?Altogether 343 firefighters.11 Why did Picciotto write Last Man Down?He wrote it as a tribute to his colleagues.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make a fire stop burning (extinguish)2 the total number of people who have been killed or hurt (toll)3 an extremely difficult or frightening situation (nightmare)4 a very sad event that causes people to suffer or die (tragedy)5 as much as possible (utmost)6 impressive actions that prove someone is very brave (heroism)7 happening in a confused way and without any order or organization (chaotic)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.For a firefighter arriving on the scene of a fire the first few minutes are usually the most (1) chaotic.He has to (2) extinguish the fire, he also needs to find out if human lives are in danger. When people aretrapped inside a building he must act swiftly to prevent (3) tragedy, or, –in the (4) nightmare scenario – tokeep the death (5) toll to a minimum. Actions like these require the (6) utmost degree of (7) heroism.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 He’s a very honest, fair and well-behaved sort of person. (decent)2 I’d like to express my thanks for everything you’ve done for me. (gratitude)3 There was a group of cows standing in the corner of the field. (herd)4 There have been very big increases in food prices over the last few months. (massive)5 All the people should leave the building immediately when the alarm sounds. (evacuate)6 She has displayed all the qualities needed for being a leader in her job. (leadership)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you are raring to go, are you eager to (a) leave, or (b) start an activity?2 If you get your bearings, do you (a) lose your way, or (b) find out where you are?3 If you are nowhere close to done, do you (a) still have a lot more work to do to finish the job, or (b) stillfeel strong and ready to work?4 If you haven’t made a dent in something, have you (a) made good progress, or (b) hardly begun the job?5 Is a racket (a) a loud and unpleasant noise, or (b) a low musical sound?Streets full of heroes Unit 62016 If something goes berserk, is it (a) quiet and well-behaved, or (b) out of control?7 Does whatever the hell it was suggest that the writer (a) knew exactly whatthe noise was, or (b) didn’tknow what the noise was?8 If something is part of the shorthand, can you (a) easily understand it, or(b) not understand it?9 If you are fumbling for a fix, are you (a) trying to understand something, or (b) trying to stay where you are?Active reading (2)Language points1 “Suddenly,” she wrote in her syndicated column, “I saw on the sidewalka figure of a man.” (Para 1)A syndicated column is a regular newspaper article sold to newspapers all around the country.2 “I felt certain that somewhere along the line she would stub her toe,” said Perkins, thinking ofWashington’s fishbowl atmosphere. (Para 3)To stub her toe means to do damage to herself or get hurt.In a fishbowl atmosphere, everyone can see what is happening in the fishbowl. The sentence means Perkins was suresooner or later she would get into trouble and be criticized.3 I don’t know how she did it. What to lay it to? (Para 3)The expression what to lay it to means “how can one explain it?”.4 … “that a crippled man, victim of a cruel affliction, was able for more than ten years to ride thestorms of peace and war at the summit of the US …” (Para 3)A man in a wheelchair with a terrible disease could lead his country well both during the Great Depression and World War.5 “Most people who have played second violin all their lives never have an opportunity to play first violin,” remarked Perkins. (Para 4)People who play second violin are those who do not lead or give solos and who are always of lesser importance. To play first violin means to be the leader and take the initiative.6 “Now, if you want to know what I think about Mrs Roosevelt, she istuh-riffic! …” (Para 5)The word tuh-riffic means terrific. It is pronounced with a strong regional accent.7 On a trip to India ... introduced to the Indian Parliament by Pandit Nehru as “a representative of resurgent humanity”. (Para 6)The expression resurgent humanity refers to recovering from the horrors of thefirst half of the 20thcentury. A representative of resurgent humanity refers to an example of the most admirable and progressive type of person.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 Eleanor Roosevelt became a volunteer (c) .(a) when she met her husband(b) when her husband became President of the US(c) as a young woman(d) when she saw a homeless man in the street2 When she became the wife of the president (c) .(a) she gave up her job(b) she began to write for a newspaper(c) she reinvented the role of First Lady(d) she found it difficult to reconcile family life and public affairsStreets full of heroes Unit 62073 When she held her first press conference (a) .(a) she didn’t allow men to atte nd(b) she pushed her husband in on a wheelchair(c) she made speeches(d) her involvement in politics shocked people4 While Roosevelt was president, Eleanor (c) .(a) stayed a full-time wife and mother(b) made a lot of people angry(c) defended the rights of women and Afro-Americans(d) became the host of a television programme5 After her husband died she (c) .(a) retired from public life(b) became the only female delegate to the United Nations(c) helped implement the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(d) started writing for a newspaper6 In the last years of her life she (b) .(a) went to live in India(b) continued to promote the rights of women(c) was given a new task by President Kennedy(d) gave up her interest in politicsDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 someone who is chosen to represent a group of other people at a meeting (delegate)2 to believe that something is the cause of someone or something else (ascribe)3 a newspaper or television reporter, especially one who deals with a particular subject or area (correspondent)4 a very high level of skill or ability (genius)5 to control someone or something, often in a negative way, because you have more power or influence (dominate)6 used about a feeling or thought you do not realize you have (unconscious)7 to watch something in order to check that it works in the way that it should (oversee)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.Eleanor Roosevelt showed her (1) genius for getting the support of other (2) delegates in the UN Assembly. She was a great speaker who knew how to (3) oversee important meetings without being seen to (4) dominate them. She was also a talented (5) correspondent and she wrote a daily column for manyyears. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s success as president was (6) ascribed by many to her support and wonderful character. She became involved in politics because of her sense of right and wrong and an (7) unconscious need to help people.Unit 6 Streets full of heroes2085 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 He has been unable to use his legs since birth. (crippled)2 We need to call a meeting for world leaders about this issue. (summit)3 The first thing I read in the newspaper is the regular section about the arts. (column)4 Our class visit to the United Nations was a wonderful experience. (marvelous)5 It’s import ant to try to influence politicians about the need to improve transport facilities in our area. (lobby)6 How many millions of people live in the very poor areas of Mumbai? (slums)6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 In a fishbowl atmosphere, are you (a) likely, or (b) unlikely to see what everyone is doing?2 Is a mishap a (a) positive, or (b) negative experience?3 If you have a humane attitude, are you (a) kind and caring, or (b) cruel and uncaring?4 If you win over someone to your cause, do you (a) defeat them, or (b) persuade them to join you?5 Does an affliction make your life (a) easy, or (b) difficult?6 If you ride the storm, do you (a) survive it, or (b) fall victim to it?7 Is a superlative performance (a) very good, or (b) just good?8 If a politician has a throng of admirers, are there (a) many people, or (b)a few who like them?9 If you are on a par with someone, are you in (a) the same position, or (b) different positions?Language in useword formation: gender-inclusive language1 Look at the sentences from the passages and answer the questions.Last man down: The fireman’s storyWe were firefighters, mostly, and we were in various stages of exhaustion.Streets full of heroes Unit 6211Please join Life magazine as we honor the power and humanity of Anna Eleanor Roosevelt by inductingher into the Hall of Heroes.1 What meaning do fireman and firefighter share?Someone whose job is to fight fires.2 What extra meaning is included in the word fireman?The person is male.3 Does the word heroes refer to men, women, or both?Both.2 Replace the underlined words with gender-inclusive language.1 Miss Read was the headmistress at school, and I was very fond of her. (headteacher)2 Mother Teresa and Eleanor Roosevelt are two great heroines of our time. (heroes)3 There were a lot of policemen standing at the entrance to the factory. (police officers)4 More than three hundred firemen died in the fire. (firefighters)5 We’ll ask one of our salesgirls to come and help you. (salespersons) Why is it that …?3 Rewrite the sentences using Why is it that ...?1 I don’t know why we haven’t been able to solve the problem of slums in this town. Why is it that we haven’t been able to solve the problem of slums in this town?2 I don’t know why we are not able to organize fair elections in this part of the world. Why is it that in this part of the world we are not able to organize fair elections?3 I don’t know why they never employ qualified people in this hotel.Why is it that in this hotel they never employ qualified people?4 I don’t know why the system of welfare is still not working properly in this country. Why is it that in this country the system of welfare is still not working properly?5 I don’t know why you always find such an easy answer to all the questionsI ask.Why is it that you always find such an easy answer to all the questions I ask?adj. + though it + be4 Rewrite the sentences using adj. + though it + be.1 My time in the United States was short, but it was interesting.My time in the United States, short though it was, was interesting.2 The scenes of destruction were terrible, but not surprising.The scenes of destruction, terrible though they were, were not surprising.3 The rescue operation cost a lot of money, but it was successful.The rescue operation, costly though it was, was successful.Unit 6 Streets full of heroes2124 The lesson he gave was extremely interesting, but it was soon forgotten. The lesson he gave, interesting though it was, was soon forgotten.5 Mother Teresa may have been old, but she was extremely active.Mother Teresa, old though she may have been, was extremely active.6 His actions may have been unconscious, but they have had very serious consequences.His actions, unconscious though they may have been, have had very serious consequences.collocations5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the collocation box. Sometimesmore than one collocation is possible.1 My grandfather died suddenly after a massive heart attack.2 There was a column of smoke in the sky for days after 9/11.3 Eleanor Roosevelt wrote a daily / newspaper column for nearly 30 years.4 The stress began to take a toll on their marriage.5 The final death toll might be much higher than the police at first thought.6 How many newspaper columns have been written about the heroes of the last century?7 Do you have to pay a toll to drive on the motorway?8 Your idea was brilliant – a stroke of genius!9 My hero is my English teacher. He has a genius for helping us understand Shakespeare.10 When she died she left a massive amount of money to charity.6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 I thought how we firemen were always saying to each other, “I’ll see you at the big one.” Or, “We’ll allmeet at the big one.” I never knew how it started, or when I’d picked up on it myself, but it was part ofour shorthand. Meaning, no matter how big this fire is, there’ll be another one bigger, somewhere downthe road. We’ll make it through this one, and we’ll make it through that one, too. I always said it, at bigfires, and I always heard it back, and here I was, thinking I would never say or hear these words again,because there would never be another fire as big as this. This was the big one we had all talked about,all our lives, and if I hadn’t known this before – just before these chilling moments – this sick, blacknoise now confirmed it. (这段话由许多短句构成，要注意短句间语⽓的连接。
新标准大学英语_综合教程3_课后答案unit 6
Unit6Active reading (1)Last man down: the fireman’s storyLanguage points1 Last man down: the fireman’s story (Title)The expression last man down, similar to last man standing, refers to the survivor or winner. The lastman down from the tower before it collapsed would be one of the bravest.2 There were about two dozen of us by the bank of elevators ... (Para 2)A bank of elevators means a set of lifts.3 Some had their turnout coats off, or tied around their waists. (Para 2) Turnout coats are the uniform firefighters wear when they turn out for a fire.4 Others were raring to go. (Para 2)The expression raring to go is an old form of rearing up, and means being eager to go like a horse.5 All of us were taking a beat to catch our breaths, and our bearings, figure out what the hell wasgoing on. (Para 2)To take a beat means to rest for a moment.A bearing is an exact compass reading measured in degrees. To take your bearings is to find where youare. Here it means both physically and mentally.6 We’d been at this thing, hard, for almost an hour, some a little bit less, and we were nowhere closeto done. (Para 2)To be at this thing is a slang expression which means to work on this mission. The expression nowhere close to done means someone is far from completing their work.7 Of course, we had no idea what there was left to do, but we hadn’t made a dent. (Para 2)A dent is a mark on a piece of metal as when you bump your car. To make a dent in something is to havean effect on it (imagine beating a piece of hard steel and not making any mark on it). To make a dent heremeans to achieve something. The firefighters had hardly begun their work.8 As if we could see clear through the ceiling tiles for an easy answer. (Para 3)Looking up for the source of the noise was only useful if you could see through the floors above, but itstill remained an instinctive reaction.9 The building was shaking like in an earthquake, like an amusement park thrill ride gone berserk …(Para 3)The word berserk was originally about ancient Viking warriors who worshipped a bear god (ber). Theywould go into a terrible rage or madness when fighting. It now means utterly and dangerously crazy.10 The way it coursed right through me. (Para 3)To course means to run or flow somewhere quickly. The noise and vibration have a strong physical effecton the writer.11 I thought about my wife and my kids, but only fleetingly and not in any kind of life-flashing-beforemy-eyes sort of way. (Para 4)Life flashing before my eyes is a claim made by someone who has near-death experiences, as in anaccident, of seeing a slow motion version of the most important events in their lives. Researchers say itmay be the reaction of the brain to trauma.Streets full of heroes Unit 619912 Or, “We’ll all meet at the big one.” (Para 4)After any fire, the fighters use the expression the big one to minimize that fire and suggest there willalways be a bigger one coming. It is a brave act of understatement.13 I never knew how it started, or when I’d picked up on it myself, but it was part of our shorthand. (Para 4)To pick up on it means to learn it and start using it. It is a slang expression. Shorthand is a system of writing used for taking down fast speech. It uses symbols for common wordsand can only be understood by people who learn it. Firemen have their own spoken shorthand (as do mostprofessions). To an outsider, the big one would not mean much, but as the writer explains it was rich inmeaning to him and his colleagues.14 I fumbled for some fix on the situation, thinking maybe if I understood what was happening I couldsteel myself against it. (Para 5)Some fix is a slang term which means a way of understanding.To steel oneself against something means to prepare oneself to do something unpleasant.15 A battalion commander for the New York Fire Department, he was on the sceneof the disaster … (Para 6)The Fire Department is divided up into battalions of up to 200 consisting of a number of companies ofabout 30 firefighters.Reading and understanding3 Choose the best summary of the extract.2 In this dramatic personal account, firefighter Richard Picciotto recalls what he was doing and thinking,just before the north tower of the World Trade Center collapsed on 11 September 2001.4 Answer the questions.1 Where was Richard Picciotto at 9:59 am on 11 September 2001?He was on the 35th floor of the north tower of the World Trade Center.2 Who was with him?About two dozen firefighters.3 What was everybody trying to do?They were resting and trying to work out what was going on.4 How long had they been in the building?Nearly an hour.5 What did they do when the noise started?They stood still.6 What was happening to the building?It was falling down.7 What did Picciotto start thinking about when he heard the noise?He started thinking about his family, job and the bagels in the kitchen.Unit 6 Streets full of heroes2008 Did Picciotto have the impression things were happening quickly or slowly? To him, it seems things were happening slowly while in truth they weren’t.9 How did Picciotto get out of the tower?He climbed through the rubble and led his men to safety.10 How many firefighters lost their lives?Altogether 343 firefighters.11 Why did Picciotto write Last Man Down?He wrote it as a tribute to his colleagues.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make a fire stop burning (extinguish)2 the total number of people who have been killed or hurt (toll)3 an extremely difficult or frightening situation (nightmare)4 a very sad event that causes people to suffer or die (tragedy)5 as much as possible (utmost)6 impressive actions that prove someone is very brave (heroism)7 happening in a confused way and without any order or organization (chaotic)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.For a firefighter arriving on the scene of a fire the first few minutes are usually the most (1) chaotic.He has to (2) extinguish the fire, he also needs to find out if human lives are in danger. When people aretrapped inside a building he must act swiftly to prevent (3) tragedy, or, –in the (4) nightmare scenario – tokeep the death (5) toll to a minimum. Actions like these require the (6) utmost degree of (7) heroism.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 He’s a very honest, fair and well-behaved sort of person. (decent)2 I’d like to express my thanks for everything you’ve done for me. (gratitude)3 There was a group of cows standing in the corner of the field. (herd)4 There have been very big increases in food prices over the last few months. (massive)5 All the people should leave the building immediately when the alarm sounds. (evacuate)6 She has displayed all the qualities needed for being a leader in her job. (leadership)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you are raring to go, are you eager to (a) leave, or (b) start an activity?2 If you get your bearings, do you (a) lose your way, or (b) find out where you are?3 If you are nowhere close to done, do you (a) still have a lot more work to do to finish the job, or (b) stillfeel strong and ready to work?4 If you haven’t made a dent in something, have you (a) made good progress, or (b) hardly begun the job?5 Is a racket (a) a loud and unpleasant noise, or (b) a low musical sound?Streets full of heroes Unit 62016 If something goes berserk, is it (a) quiet and well-behaved, or (b) out of control?7 Does whatever the hell it was suggest that the writer (a) knew exactly whatthe noise was, or (b) didn’tknow what the noise was?8 If something is part of the shorthand, can you (a) easily understand it, or(b) not understand it?9 If you are fumbling for a fix, are you (a) trying to understand something, or (b) trying to stay where you are?Active reading (2)Language points1 “Suddenly,” she wrote in her syndicated column, “I saw on the sidewalka figure of a man.” (Para 1)A syndicated column is a regular newspaper article sold to newspapers all around the country.2 “I felt certain that somewhere along the line she would stub her toe,” said Perkins, thinking ofWashington’s fishbowl atmosphere. (Para 3)To stub her toe means to do damage to herself or get hurt.In a fishbowl atmosphere, everyone can see what is happening in the fishbowl. The sentence means Perkins was sure sooner or later she would get into trouble and be criticized.3 I don’t know how she did it. What to lay it to? (Para 3)The expression what to lay it to means “how can one explain it?”.4 … “that a crippled man, victim of a cruel affliction, was able for more than ten years to ride thestorms of peace and war at the summit of the US …” (Para 3)A man in a wheelchair with a terrible disease could lead his country well both during the Great Depressionand World War.5 “Most people who have played second violin all their lives never have an opportunity to play firstviolin,” remarked Perkins. (Para 4)People who play second violin are those who do not lead or give solos and who are always of lesserimportance. To play first violin means to be the leader and take the initiative.6 “Now, if you want to know what I think about Mrs Roosevelt, she istuh-riffic! …” (Para 5)The word tuh-riffic means terrific. It is pronounced with a strong regional accent.7 On a trip to India ... introduced to the Indian Parliament by Pandit Nehru as “a representative ofresurgent humanity”. (Para 6)The expression resurgent humanity refers to recovering from the horrors of thefirst half of the 20thcentury. A representative of resurgent humanity refers to an example of the most admirable and progressivetype of person.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 Eleanor Roosevelt became a volunteer (c) .(a) when she met her husband(b) when her husband became President of the US(c) as a young woman(d) when she saw a homeless man in the street2 When she became the wife of the president (c) .(a) she gave up her job(b) she began to write for a newspaper(c) she reinvented the role of First Lady(d) she found it difficult to reconcile family life and public affairsStreets full of heroes Unit 62073 When she held her first press conference (a) .(a) she didn’t allow men to atte nd(b) she pushed her husband in on a wheelchair(c) she made speeches(d) her involvement in politics shocked people4 While Roosevelt was president, Eleanor (c) .(a) stayed a full-time wife and mother(b) made a lot of people angry(c) defended the rights of women and Afro-Americans(d) became the host of a television programme5 After her husband died she (c) .(a) retired from public life(b) became the only female delegate to the United Nations(c) helped implement the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(d) started writing for a newspaper6 In the last years of her life she (b) .(a) went to live in India(b) continued to promote the rights of women(c) was given a new task by President Kennedy(d) gave up her interest in politicsDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 someone who is chosen to represent a group of other people at a meeting (delegate)2 to believe that something is the cause of someone or something else (ascribe)3 a newspaper or television reporter, especially one who deals with a particular subject or area(correspondent)4 a very high level of skill or ability (genius)5 to control someone or something, often in a negative way, because you have more power or influence(dominate)6 used about a feeling or thought you do not realize you have (unconscious)7 to watch something in order to check that it works in the way that it should (oversee)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.Eleanor Roosevelt showed her (1) genius for getting the support of other (2) delegates in the UNAssembly. She was a great speaker who knew how to (3) oversee important meetings without being seento (4) dominate them. She was also a talented (5) correspondent and she wrote a daily column for manyyears. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s success as president was (6) ascribed by many to her support and wonderfulcharacter. She became involved in politics because of her sense of right and wrong and an (7) unconsciousneed to help people.Unit 6 Streets full of heroes2085 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 He has been unable to use his legs since birth. (crippled)2 We need to call a meeting for world leaders about this issue. (summit)3 The first thing I read in the newspaper is the regular section about the arts. (column)4 Our class visit to the United Nations was a wonderful experience. (marvelous)5 It’s import ant to try to influence politicians about the need to improve transport facilities in our area.(lobby)6 How many millions of people live in the very poor areas of Mumbai? (slums)6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 In a fishbowl atmosphere, are you (a) likely, or (b) unlikely to see what everyone is doing?2 Is a mishap a (a) positive, or (b) negative experience?3 If you have a humane attitude, are you (a) kind and caring, or (b) cruel and uncaring?4 If you win over someone to your cause, do you (a) defeat them, or (b) persuade them to join you?5 Does an affliction make your life (a) easy, or (b) difficult?6 If you ride the storm, do you (a) survive it, or (b) fall victim to it?7 Is a superlative performance (a) very good, or (b) just good?8 If a politician has a throng of admirers, are there (a) many people, or (b)a few who like them?9 If you are on a par with someone, are you in (a) the same position, or (b) different positions?Language in useword formation: gender-inclusive language1 Look at the sentences from the passages and answer the questions.Last man down: The fireman’s storyWe were firefighters, mostly, and we were in various stages of exhaustion.Streets full of heroes Unit 6211Please join Life magazine as we honor the power and humanity of Anna Eleanor Roosevelt by inductingher into the Hall of Heroes.1 What meaning do fireman and firefighter share?Someone whose job is to fight fires.2 What extra meaning is included in the word fireman?The person is male.3 Does the word heroes refer to men, women, or both?Both.2 Replace the underlined words with gender-inclusive language.1 Miss Read was the headmistress at school, and I was very fond of her. (headteacher)2 Mother Teresa and Eleanor Roosevelt are two great heroines of our time. (heroes)3 There were a lot of policemen standing at the entrance to the factory. (police officers)4 More than three hundred firemen died in the fire. (firefighters)5 We’ll ask one of our salesgirls to come and help you. (salespersons) Why is it that …?3 Rewrite the sentences using Why is it that ...?1 I don’t know why we haven’t been able to solve the problem of slums in this town.Why is it that we haven’t been able to solve the problem of slums in this town?2 I don’t know why we are not able to organize fair elections in this part of the world.Why is it that in this part of the world we are not able to organize fair elections?3 I don’t know why they never employ qualified people in this hotel.Why is it that in this hotel they never employ qualified people?4 I don’t know why the system of welfare is still not working properly in this country.Why is it that in this country the system of welfare is still not working properly?5 I don’t know why you always find such an easy answer to all the questionsI ask.Why is it that you always find such an easy answer to all the questions I ask?adj. + though it + be4 Rewrite the sentences using adj. + though it + be.1 My time in the United States was short, but it was interesting.My time in the United States, short though it was, was interesting.2 The scenes of destruction were terrible, but not surprising.The scenes of destruction, terrible though they were, were not surprising.3 The rescue operation cost a lot of money, but it was successful.The rescue operation, costly though it was, was successful.Unit 6 Streets full of heroes2124 The lesson he gave was extremely interesting, but it was soon forgotten. The lesson he gave, interesting though it was, was soon forgotten.5 Mother Teresa may have been old, but she was extremely active.Mother Teresa, old though she may have been, was extremely active.6 His actions may have been unconscious, but they have had very serious consequences.His actions, unconscious though they may have been, have had very serious consequences.collocations5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the collocation box. Sometimesmore than one collocation is possible.1 My grandfather died suddenly after a massive heart attack.2 There was a column of smoke in the sky for days after 9/11.3 Eleanor Roosevelt wrote a daily / newspaper column for nearly 30 years.4 The stress began to take a toll on their marriage.5 The final death toll might be much higher than the police at first thought.6 How many newspaper columns have been written about the heroes of the last century?7 Do you have to pay a toll to drive on the motorway?8 Your idea was brilliant – a stroke of genius!9 My hero is my English teacher. He has a genius for helping us understand Shakespeare.10 When she died she left a massive amount of money to charity.6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 I thought how we firemen were always saying to each other, “I’ll see you at the big one.” Or, “We’ll allmeet at the big one.” I never knew how it started, or when I’d picked up on it myself, but it was part ofour shorthand. Meaning, no matter how big this fire is, there’ll be another one bigger, somewhere downthe road. We’ll make it through this one, and we’ll make it through that one, too. I always said it, at bigfires, and I always heard it back, and here I was, thinking I would never say or hear these words again,because there would never be another fire as big as this. This was the big one we had all talked about,all our lives, and if I hadn’t known this before – just before these chilling moments – this sick, blacknoise now confirmed it. (这段话由许多短句构成，要注意短句间语气的连接。
新标准大学英语综合教程3课后答案
Unit 1Active reading (1)Catching crabsReading and understanding3 Choose the best summary of what happened in the crab cage.3 The cage was full of crabs. One of them was trying to escape, but each time it reached the top the othercrabs pulled it back. In the end it gave up trying and started to prevent other crabs from escaping.4 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What happened to the students in the fall of the final year?(a) They became more relaxed.(b) They became more serious.(c) They spent more time outside.(d) They stopped going to lessons.2 Why did some people have bags under their eyes in the morning?(a) They’d been to an all-night party.(b) They’d started worrying about their future.(c) They’d spent all night in the library.(d) They wanted to impress their teachers.3 Which students had already planned their future?(a) The ones who had the best grades.(b) The ones who came from wealthy families.(c) The quieter ones who didn’t have the best grades.(d) The ones who wanted to get married and start a family.4 Why did the writer go home?(a) He wanted to speak to his father.(b) He could study better at home than at college.(c) He had to attend a job interview.(d) It was a national holiday.Unit 1 Discovering yourself5 Why did his father take him out to catch crabs?(a) They needed to get something to eat for dinner.(b) He wanted to show him how to catch crabs.(c) He wanted to tell him something about life.(d) They both wanted to enjoy the coastline and the sea.6 What advice did his father give him?(a) Get to know yourself better.(b) Watch what others do carefully.(c) Always listen to your father.(d) You can’t always do what you want.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 achieving good results (productive)2 the fact of being present at an event, or of going regularly to school, church etc (attendance)3 the refusal to accept something new, such as a plan, idea, or change (resistance)4 determined to be successful, rich, famous etc (ambitious)5 agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion (acceptance)6 the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc (script)7 very good, large, or showing great skill (impressive)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.To be a successful film scriptwriter takes more than training although (1) attendance on a screenwritingcourse will definitely help you learn the skills. You also need to be very (2) ambitious – the film businessis very competitive. You have to be prepared to work hard and be very (3) productive because it takesmore than just one good idea to make it big. No matter how (4) impressive your idea is, there willalways be (5) resistance from producers because it’s too expensi ve. So make sure you have plenty ofothers to show them. What are you waiting for? Get on with writing that brilliant (6) script and plan your(7) acceptance speech for when you win your first Oscar!7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 We’ve seen a place we like and we’re applying for a loan to buy a house. (mortgage)2 We stood on the top floor of the boat and watched the coast disappear into the horizon. (deck)3 I love to walk along the beach and watch the waves breaking, and the white water hitting the shore. (surf)4 In seaside areas in the north-east of the country, life is hard and fishermen have to go against the forcesof nature every time they go to work. (coastal; defy)5 Agreement was finally reached after a long and heated discussion. (lengthy)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you watch an impromptu performance of something, has it (a) been prepared, or (b) not beenprepared?2 When you map out your future, do you (a) plan it carefully, or (b) draw a sketch of it on paper?Discovering yourself Unit 13 If you brace yourself for something unpleasant, do you (a) try not to think about it, or (b) prepareyourself for it mentally and physically?4 Do you moor a boat by (a) turning the steering wheel, or (b) tying it to a post with a rope?5 Is a rusty piece of metal something that (a) is bright and shiny, or (b) might have been left out in the rainand is covered with brown substance?6 If a bowl is brimming with soup, is it (a) very full, or (b) half empty?7 If someone is being held captive, are they (a) free to do as they please, or (b) being kept as a prisoner?8 If you have figured out something, have you (a) added numbers together, or (b) understood it?Active reading (2)2 Work in pairs. Look at the title of the passage and choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The passage will be (c) .(a) a newspaper article about life expectancy(b) a sad story about death(c) advice about how to make the most of your life(d) a warning that modern lifestyles are bad for healthUnit 1 Discovering yourself122 The passage is likely to be (d) .(a) serious(b) funny(c) depressing(d) a mixture of all three3 The passage is likely to say (b) .(a) young people don’t think enough ab out death(b) life is short(c) people are dying unnecessarily(d) people don’t enjoy life enoughWe are all dyingBackground informationThe passage is taken from Everything That Happens to Me Is Good, a book of thoughts, experiences andinsights from the life of Geoff Thompson. The writer worked in many different jobs, including nine yearsas a “bouncer” in a nightclub in London (a bouncer has the tough job of making sure that no one causestrouble, eg if they are rude, drunk or violent). He then trained full-time in karate, judo and other martial artsand became well-known as a martial arts instructor. He lived out his dream to become a writer,over 30 books on self-defence and self-improvement and has recently been making films and writing for thescreen. Asked what he had learnt from his years in martial arts, he said, “The main thing I’ve learned is thatwherever there is discomfort there is growth, but what people do is to look for growth in areas of comfort –and there’s no growth in comfort. So look for areas of growth that are uncomfortable but allow you to grow,and learn to become comfortable in those areas.”Language points1 I have some good news and some bad news for you (as the joke goes). The bad news –and I’m verysorry to be the bearer –is that we are all dying. It’s true. I’ve checked it out. (Para 1) Good news and bad news are often paired together in jokes and in comments on new information or recentevents where there is a mixture of positive and negative aspects, eg The good news is … But the badnews is …To check something out means to examine something or someone in order to be certain that everything iscorrect, true, satisfactory or acceptable. Check this out! is an attention-getting exclamation which meanshere’s somethi ng interesting to have a look at.2 … we are all going to be either coffin dwellers or trampled ash in the rose garden of some localcemetery. (Para 1)Coffin is a long box in which a dead person is buried. The expression coffin dweller is a humorous way torefer to dead people.The expression trampled ash in the rose garden of some local cemetery refers jokingly to the ashes of adead person placed in a cemetery garden where people walk on the buried ashes.Discovering yourself Unit 1133 After all, we never quite know when the hooded, scythe-carrying,bringer-of-the-last-breath mightcome-a-calling. (Para 1)The expression the hooded, scythe-carrying, bringer-of-the-last breath refers to the reaper, a person whoreaps or cuts corn for the harvest and is a symbol of death from medieval times of the West. A reaper ispersonified as a tall figure dressed in a black cloak with a hood covering his face and carryinga cutting tool with a long curved metal blade used for cutting, or reaping long grass or corn. The reaperbrings death or brings your last breath. The expression when the reaper arrives means when death comesto you.4 … and nothing underlines the uncertainty and absolute frailty of humanity like the untimely exit ofa friend. (Para 1)The word exit here means leaving this world or death. The word untimely means happening at a time thatis not suitable because it causes problems. An untimely death is too soon or when a person is young.5 Knowing that we are all budding crypt-kickers takes away all the uncertainty of life. (Para 3)That we are all budding crypt-kickers is a humorous way of saying that we are all potentially soon to beburied, ie dead.6 The prologue and epilogue are already typed in. All that’s left is the middle bit ... choose the meat ofthe story. (Para 3)A prologue is a piece of writing at the start of a book, or the beginning of a play, film or TV programmethat introduces a story. An epilogue is at the end of a novel, play or piece of writing, which carries an extracomme nt or extra information about what happens after the main story. Here, the writer’s point is that theprologue (birth) and epilogue (end, death) of your life are already written, but we all choose to write themiddle bit –the meat of the story.7 So, all those plans that you have on the back burner, you know, the great things you’re going to dowith your life “when the time is right”? (Para 4)A back burner is literally one of the back parts of a cooker which is used for heating or cooking food.Metaphorically, if you put something on the back burner, it means you have decided not to do it untillater. It is at the back of the cooker, just simmering or cooking slowly, so you don’t give it priority becauseit doesn’t need your full attention. The expression this back-burner stuff (Para 10) thus refers to thingswhich have low priority and get little attention.8 There’s only a promissory note that we are often not in a position to cash. (Para 5)A promissory note is a document giving details of your promise to pay someone a particularmoney by a particular date. The writer means that tomorrow, or the future, is like a promissory note forwhich you never get the cash, because the future never comes unless you act now and use time wisely, asif tomorrow is today.9 … but regret and a rear-view mirror full of “could haves”, “should haves” and “would haves”. (Para 5)A rear-view mirror is a mirror fixed to the front window of a car that lets the driver see what is happeningbehind. Here, the mirror refers to the past, which is behind us. We don’t want such a mirror full of regretsabout things we could / should / would have done, but did not do.Unit 1 Discovering yourself1410 I love watching people ingeniously stack the cucumber around the side of the bowl –like they’refilling a skip – and then cramming it so high that they have to hire a forklift truck to get it back tothe table … They just know that they only have one shot at it. (Para 6)A skip is a large metal container used in the building industry for waste; it is carried away by a truckwhen it is full.A forklift truck is a vehicle that uses two long metal bars at the front for lifting and moving heavy objects.The writer is using the images of a skip and a truck to emphasize how people use the opportunity to servethemselves, because they only have one shot – they only have one chance or attempt, they can’t return formore salad in this type of buffet, so they make the most of this opportunity.11 So what I’m thinking is (and this is not molecular science) … (Para 10)It means this is not specialized knowledge. It’s not rocket science; it’s simple and straightforward.12 The right time is the cheque that’s permanently in the post, it never arrives. (Para 10) That the cheque is in the post means money has been sent, its on its way. This is often said as an excusefor late payment, so if the cheque’s permanently in the post, it means the money never comes.13 It’s the girl who keeps us standing at the corner of the Co-op looking like aspanner … She’s stoodus up. (Para 10)The expression looking like a spanner on the street corner means he looks awkward and out of place,waiting for a girl who is late and never arrives.To stand someone up means not to come to meet them when you have arranged to meet them,someone with whom you are having or starting a romantic relationship. The word us is an informal andpersonal way to include others who will recognize that this is a typical experience.14 Act now or your time will elapse and you’ll end up as a sepia-coloured relative that no one can puta name to in a dusty photo album. (Para 13)The expression you’ll end up as a sepia-coloured relative means that in the end you will be only anold half-forgotten photograph in a photo album. I can’t put a name to someone is said when you halfrecognizea person but you can’t quite remember his name.15 Better to leave a biography as thick as a whale omelette than an epitaph. (Para 14) An omelette is flat round food made by mixing eggs together and cooking them. The expression as thickas a whale means extremely thick. The writer means it is better to leave a very large biography than anepitaph, or, in other words, live a full life which is worth writing about.Reading and understanding3 Choose the best summary of the passage.3 Life is short. So there’s no point in planning for a future which may never come. Now is the time to dowhat we want to do. There’s no time to lose.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 involving three things of the same kind (triple)2 an area of ground where dead people are buried (cemetery)Discovering yourself Unit 1153 the part of a place or thing that is at the back (rear)4 a book that someone writes about someone else’s life (biography)5 to put people or things into a space that is too small (cram)6 at the very beginning of a career and likely to be successful at it (budding)7 continuing only for a limited time or distance (finite)8 to pass (elapse)5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 About two hours elapsed before we reached the cemetery where the war dead were buried.2 I sat in the rear seat behind the driver. My three sisters were all crammed in the front.3 The entrance to the car park was blocked, so the road was full of cars which had been triple-parked oneagainst another, making it almost impossible to get past.4 We have a number of budding authors in our class this year, one of whom has written abiography of his grandmother.5 The time we have on this earth may be finite, but there are no limits to the human imagination.6 Answer the questions about the words.1 If you substantiate a claim, do you (a) prove it is true, or (b) persuade someone that it is true?2 If someone tramples over something, do they (a) pour water over it, or (b) walk all over it?3 If someone’s arrival is untimely, is it (a) at the wrong moment, or (b) late?4 If events are described chronologically, do they occur (a) in the order in which they happened, or (b) inno particular order?5 Is ingeniously likely to mean (a) artistically, or (b) cleverly?6 Is knackered an informal British word meaning (a) very relaxed, or (b) extremely tired?7 Is patently likely to mean (a) obviously, or (b) usually?8 When something is allotted to you, is it (a) given to you, or (b) taken from you?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 If you check something out, do you (a) find out, or (b) not think about it?2 If you see something from the sidelines, do you (a) take part in the action, or (b) stay away from it?3 If something is down to you, is it your (a) bad luck, or (b) responsibility?4 If you have something on the back burner, (a) will you look at it later, or (b) are you interested in itnow?5 If you are in a position to do something, are you (a) able, or (b) unable to do it?6 If time is ticking away, does it seem (a) as if it will last forever, or (b) to be passing quickly?7 If you can have one shot at something, (a) are you allowed to shoot it, or (b) do you have only onechance to do it?8 If you make the best of something, do you (a) enjoy it while you can, or (b) work hard to make it asuccess?9 If a girl stands you up, does she (a) fail to turn up for a date, or (b) refuse to sit down when you askher to?Language in useword formation: compound words1 Find more examples of each use of hyphens in the passage We are all dying .• I’ve double- and triple-checked it. (compound verb)• budding crypt-kickers (compound noun)• a rear-view mirror (compound adjective)• the once-a-year holiday to Florida or Spain (compound adjective)• back-burner stuff (compound adjective)• standing at the corner of the Co-op (compound noun)• a sepia-coloured relative that no one can put a name to (compound adjective)2 Rewrite the phrases using compound adjectives.1 a party which is held late at night (a late-night party)2 a library which is well stocked (a well-stocked library)3 a professor who is world famous (a world-famous professor)4 some advice which is well timed (some well-timed advice)5 a population which is growing rapidly (a rapidly-growing population)6 an economy which is based on free market (a free-market economy)7 a boat trip which lasts for half an hour (a half-hour boat trip)It’s what / how … that …3 Rewrite the sentences using It’s what / how … that …1 What other people think of us is determined by how we behave.It’s how we behave that determines what other people think of us.Unit 1 Discovering yourself202 What sort of job we are going to end up doing is usually determined by our character.It’s what our character is that usually determines what sort of job we are going to end up doing.3 What we do as a career isn’t always determined by the marks we get at university.It isn’t always what marks we get at university that determine what we do as a career.4 How we react to life’s problems is often determined by our childhood experiences.It is often what we experienced in our childhood that determines how we react to life’s problems.5 When we die is determined by our genetic clock, and the changes we make to it.It’s what our genetic clock is and what changes we make to it that determine when we die.It is / was not just that … but …4 Rewrite the sentences using It is / was not just th at … but …1 Not only were the shops all closed for Thanksgiving, there was also no one in the streets.It wasn’t just that the shops were all closed for Thanksgiving, but there was no one in the streets.2 Not only did she spend all her time at college going to parties, she also took the time to gaina first-classdegree.It wasn’t just that she spent all her time at college going to parties, but she took the time to gain a firstclassdegree.3 Not only were they not listening to what he said, it also seem ed as if they weren’t at all interested.It wasn’t just that they weren’t listening to what he said, but it seemed as if they weren’t at all interested.4 Not only was I upset, I also felt as if I was going to burst out crying.It wasn’t just that I was up set, but I felt as if I was going to burst out crying.5 Not only was the Grim Reaper intended to frighten people, it was also a figure of fun.It wasn’t just that the Grim Reaper was intended to frighten people, but it was also a figure of fun.collocations5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 settle When you settle somewhere you go there to stay.(a) Where is dust likely to settle in a room?On the surfaces that aren’t used very often or aren’t cleaned.(b) If you settle an argument, is the conclusion satisfactory?Yes, it is, because the disagreement is solved and each party is satisfied with the outcome. (c) If you settle the bill, what is there left to pay?Nothing, because you have paid everything that is owed.(d) What do you do when you settle back to watch a film?We relax in a comfortable chair and enjoy it.2 smooth This word can mean flat or soft, comfortable, easy or confident.(a) If the sea is smooth, are you likely to feel seasick?No, because the sea is calm. We will feel seasick if it is rough.Discovering yourself Unit 121(b) If a changeover from one government to the next is smooth, are there lots of problems? No, because the changeover has gone well, without difficulties.(c) Is it a good idea to trust a smooth talker?Not necessarily, because some people who talk confidently like that do so to trick you, like a confidence trickster or conman.3 offer This word can refer to something you would like someone to take, something someone gives, orsomething that is for sale.(a) If you decline an offer, do you say “yes” or “no”?We say “no”, because we are refusing it.(b) If you offer an apology to someone for something you have done, what do you say?We should say, “I apologize” or “I’m sorry”.(c) Where are you likely to see special offer?In a shop, because the shop is offering a special price or reduction for something.(d) If someone has a lot to offer, what kind of person are they?They are intelligent, talented, gifted or creative and they will bring these kinds of qualities to their work.4 bear If you bear something you carry or bring it. If you cannot bear something, you dislike it or cannotaccept it.(a) If you bear something in mind, do you forget it?No, we will remember it and consider it for a particular occasion in future.(b) If you bear a resemblance to someone, in what way are you like them?We look similar in certain physical features.(c) Is there anything you can’t bear to think about?I can’t bear to think too much about some of the problems in the world, famine, war, poverty etc. Inthe modern world, why don’t we just solve them?5 resistance This word can refer to the refusal to accept something new, the ability not to be harmed bysomething, or opposition to someone or something.(a) If there is resistance to an idea, do people accept it?No, not easily. They refuse to accept the idea maybe because it’s just a bad idea, or they may changetheir mind if they understand it better.(b) If the soldiers met with resistance, what happened?The soldiers met opposition from those they were fighting against.(c) Is there a way to build up your resistance to cold?Yes, we can keep ourselves as healthy as possible with a good diet and getting enough exercise sothat we are less likely to catch a cold, or if w e do get one, we won’t suffer so badly.6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, that we would never get a chance like thisagain, and we became determined not to waste it. Most important of course were the final exams inApril and May in the following year. No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so thepeer group pressure to work hard was strong. Libraries which were once empty after fiveo’clock in theafternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags undertheir eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence. (☞ and guys worethe bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride … 这句的动词wear 后面带两个宾语，中Unit 1 Discovering yourself22文找不到能带这两个宾语的动词，故处理成四个中文短句；翻译like medals proving their diligence时，采用“增词法”增加“这些”来概括前面所描写的“眼袋”，“脸色苍白”，“睡眼惺忪”等，使译文含义更加清晰流畅。
新标准大学英语综合教程3_unit9_10_课后答案(含课后翻译)
新标准大学英语综合教程3 unit9-10 课后答案（含课后翻译）Unit9Active reading 2Match the words in the box with their definitions.Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words.Choose the right words or expressions to complete the sentences.a b a b b b a b a bLanguage in useRewrite the sentences using -something or -odd.1. There are about 20 people waiting in the corridor outside.There are twenty-odd people waiting in the corridor outside.2.The new lecturer is between 50 and 60, I think.The new lecturer is fifty-something, I think.3.Why don't you invite all your friends who are in their thirties?Why don't you invite all your thirty-something friends?4.I reckon that there were 200 people in the cinema.There were two hundred-odd people in the cinema.5.I don't know how old she is, maybe between 70 and 80.I don't know how old she is, maybe seventy-something.Rewrite the sentences using as much / many ... as ther is / are. Follow the example.1.In Britain for every curious surname there is an interesting place name.There are as many curious surnames in Britain as there are interesting place names.2.For each community in the capital there is a major cultural festival.There are as many major cultural festivals in the capital as there are communities.3.There is a lot of confusion about the new traffic rules, and there is the same amount of dissatisfaction about the changes in the opening hours of shops.There is as much confusion about the new traffic rules as there is dissatisfaction about the changes in the opening hours of shops.4.For each member of our organization there is a different opinion about what weshould do.There are as many different opinions about what we should do as there are members of our organization.5.I've got the feeling that the number of problems to resolve on this project is equivalent to the number of stars in the sky.There are as many problems to resolve on this project as there are stars in the sky.1.Who doesn't support the policy?Feminists.2.How long has the policy worked?Hundreds of years.3.Who doesn't want to see it abused?Icelandic people.4.If the policy changed, what might some people want to do?They might want to give their children unusual names.5.What is Snowmobile an example of?It is an example of a ridiculous name and abuse of the naming system.Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1.(a)Ten to one.(b)I will have a rational attitude.(c)They are toally unreasonable.(d)No, it is rather large.2.(a)Yes, because people pay you a large amount of money.(b)Growing cities(c)No, I am not really hungry.3.(a)Machines are a mystery to me.(b)Yes, I have to sit next week's test.(c)No, I think names need to be more imaginative.4.(a)Spending a lot.(b)A sudden increase in power flow caused by something like lightning may damage electrical appliances.(c)No, run, because people are suddenly rushing towards you like a wave on a beach.(d)When a sudden powerful emotion fills you, it is very difficult to control.5.(a)Yes, or things will be disorganized.(b)No, there is plenty of public transport to use.(c)I think it is mainly because they want a change.(d)Yes, or else I cannot revise laterTranslate the paragraphs into Chinese.1.In Europe, the Romans started calling people by their given name and family name in Latin from 300 BC, but it wasn't common practice throughout Europe until the 10th or 11th century, when first, the lords and gentry, then middle-class citizens, and finally everyone used surnames. The necessity for surnames arose when the population began to grow. Suddenly there was more than one person with the same name in a village, so surnames were used. Generally, these surnames were not handed down to the next generation, but after the fall of the Roman Empire, Ireland was one of the first countries to adopt hereditary surnames, and Irish surnames are found as early as the10th century.在欧洲，罗马人从公元前300年起就用拉丁文的姓和名来称呼别人，但是一直到公元10或者11世纪，这种做法才在整个欧洲流行起来，最先是在贵族阶层中间，然后是城市的中产阶级，到最后所有人都开始使用姓氏。
新标准大学英语综合教程3答案(全版)
新标准大学英语3Unit1Active reading(1)4. b c c d c a5.productive attendance resistance ambitious acceptance script impressive6.attendance ambitious productive impressive resistance script acceptance7.mortgage deck surf coastal;defy lengthy8.b a b b b a b bActive reading(2)4.triple cemetery rear biography cram budding finite elapse5.elapsed;cemetery rear;crammed triple budding;biography finite6.a b a a b b a a7.a b b a a b b b aLanguage in useUnit2Active reading5.definite perpetual whirl blaze giggle prompt tumble6.prompted definite whirl perpetual blazing giggling tumbled7.blinked barren tag torture resemblance napkin8.a a b a a b a a a b bActive reading4.d a b d c c5.a a a b a a a6.notion continual dependent on ethnic largely temptation outsiders reluctance external7.a b a a b a b aLanguage in use3.（1）fires blazed (2)hair tumbled (3)close-knit /tight-knit(4)knit brows/eyebrows(5)sun blazing (6)knit jumper/hat (7)prices tumbleUnit3active reading(1)1 D D2 B C B B B A4 (1)constitute (2)simultaneously (3)qualified (4)rhythm (5)derive (6)composer (7)sufficiently5 (1)composer (2)constitute (3)simultaneously (4)qualified (5)sufficiently(6)rhythm (7)derived6 (1)proclaim (2)analogy (3)clarity (4)for the sake of (5)potent(6)costumes7 a b a a b a a aactive reading(2)3 (1)It's a world-famous portrait painted by Vermeer around 1665.(2)Griet,a young girl who is thought to work in Vermeer's house.(3)The setting and some of the main ideas are factual but the details of the story are speculation and fiction.(4)Griet was a maid in Vermeer's household and she became his model.Vermeer thought she had some artistic talent.(5)Vermeer's daughter and wife found out that Griet was modeling for Vermeer.Griet got embarrassed when the wife stormed into the studio,so she left.(6)According to the film,the earrings are finally delivered to Griet and the audience is left wondering if she marries Pieter.The novel does not talk about it.4 b c a b a b a c b b5(1)viewer (2)portrait (3)domestic (4)interior (5)consequently (6)engage (7)commission6(1)portraits (2)commission (3)domestic (4)interiors (5)consequently (6)engage (7)viewer7(1)converted (2)grind (3)distort (4)pierce (5)scandals (6)features (7)in the meantime8 b a a b a b a a alanguage in use51 (a)It needs to appeal to a wider audience by having more popular programmes.(b)They are liked by many people.(c)It asks people to give money,probably for a charity.(d)They would have a special event like a TV broadcast in which they ask the public to come forward with any relevant information.2 (a)You have lots of medicl qualifications.(b)It expects people with degrees in engineering and work experiences to apply.(c)They are expert on the topic for which they are asked to give an opinion.3 (a)You are planning to get married with the person.(b)The government forces are fighting the rebels.(c)You talk to them and try to interest them in a converstaion.4(a)You can exchange the money in banks at the airport, a according to the current exchange rate.you should be sure to check the exchange rate becauce it can change from day to day.(b)They convert into beds so that pepple can use them for overnight guests.(c)They would have to stop using artificial methods of food production and start to use more natural ones.5(a)The beans or seeds become powder.(b)No, the number of the proportion sounds horrible.(c)It stops slowly and will prpbalay become a traffic jam unless it gets moving again quickly.Unit 4active reading (1)3 1 3 94(1)junk (2)corporate (3)disapprove (4)visualiza (5)bet (6)ascertain (7)marbin (8)confer (9)eminent (10)scowl5(1)visualiza (2)disapprove (3)junk (4)bet (5)confer (6)marbins (7)ascertaining (8)corporate (9)eminent (10)scowling6(1)inquisitive (2)incomprehensible (3)jot (4)observant (5)whereabouts(6)dispirited (7)prohibitively7 b a b b a bacctive reading(2)3 b c b b b a5(1)obsession (2)economics (3)boast (4)automobile (5)suburb (6)innovation (7)implication (8)horizons6(1)suburb automobile (2)obsession innovations (3)boast (4)implication (5)economics horizons7(1)unprecedented (2)plausible (3)ignorance (4)staggering (5)stability (6)curse8 a a b a b a a a a bLanuage in use61(a)Yes,i do.but other people just take notes on a separate piece of paper because they don't want to spoil the book.(b)The victory is not big; it is just a narrow or close victory.(c)They may face social and econommic problems because they have fewer opportunities and may find it difficult to join the malinstream society.(d)The chances are small and any errors are likely to be very small.2(a)You feel embarrassed because your answer has shown people ignorance and most people do not like to show this in public.(b)It's a human excuse because it means that you didn't know the law on that point , but it is not a legal excuse.(c)Yes.in the early days of the stock market in china, some people bought shares in the belief that all shares would like money quickly, but later they lost money when the shares lost value. they bought the shares in ignorance about how the manket works and they had little idea of the risks.3(a)I would feel complimented because that's a nice thing to say toanyone.(b)It would have been the quantity of the opposition, eg they large number of opponents.(c)Not at all,because that kind of cliff is nearly vertical and it is very difficult to climb without training。
新标准大学英语_综合教程3_课后答案unit8
Unit8Active reading (1)Language points1 She was called Katya, a dewy-eyed, sweet girl from Voronezh, who accepted Yakov on his ownreckoning. (Para 1)As dew falls in the early morning and symbolizes innocence and newness, the word dewy-eyed meansinnocent and lacking in experience about life.Reckoning means one’s own view and account.The sentence means that an innocent-looking girl from a less sophisticated city than Moscow was willingto believe Yakov’s own high opinion of himself.2 On International Women’s Day, Soviet women bask in their menfolk’s love and gratitude. (Para 2)To bask means to relax in the sun. Here it depicts how comfortable and pleasant Soviet women feel on thisday.3 Their husbands, with much cursing and clattering of pans, cook breakfast for the family … (Para 2)The expression with much cursing and clattering of pans means with a lot of swearing and bangingabout – as they were not used to doing it, they made many mistakes.4 A Soviet woman’s days are usually taken up with … nipping out of work at lunchtime to buysomething for dinner … (Para 3)To nip out means to go out for a very short time probably unofficially. It is a slang and is similar to theexpressions pop out and sneak out.5 Their husbands … by drinking themselves into a stupor with toasts “to our beloved ladies …”(Para 4)Stupor is a state in which you cannot think, speak, see, or hear clearly, usually because you have drunktoo much alcohol. Sadly, Russia does have a serious alcoholism problem and early death from overconsumptionof vodka is far too common.6 “I certainly will,” said Yakov, squeezing in between Liza Minelli and Katya and draping an armaround each of them. (Para 10)Yakov fit in between Liza Minelli and Katya although they were sitting close together, and put an armaround each girl.7 Yuri and Emily arrived and we covered blinis with thick sour cream and red caviar and drankchampagne, as families did all over Voronezh. (Para 13)Sour cream is fermented cream, which is smoother and thicker. Eastern European food is noted for its sourflavours.Caviar usually refers to the roe or eggs of the sturgeon, a large fish, and is a very expensive special food.It can also refer to other commoner fish roes.Unit 8 High days and holidays264Reading and understanding4 Answer the questions.1 How well does the writer know the Soviet Union?Not very well. The others have to explain the tradition of International Women’s Day to the writer.2 What was Yakov doing when the writer met him?He was buying roses.3 Where does the writer live?Room 99 of a hostel.4 What do the Russian men do on International Wome n’s Day?They buy flowers for the women in their life and do some house chores for them.5 What kind of daily life do Russian women usually have?They have a very busy life with lots of chores to do.6 What do the Russian men do after they’ve prepared breakfast for their wives? They meet up with friends and drink themselves into a stupor.7 What is the usual number of flowers to buy in Russia?An odd number.8 Why did Yakov buy 14 flowers?He planned to give Katya five flowers and the girls in Room 99 three for each. Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to put something somewhere in a careless way, especially something that is heavy (dump)2 to lie, sit, or lean in a relaxed or lazy way (lounge)3 loved very much by someone (beloved)4 to move somewhere quietly and secretly so that no one can see you or hear you(sneak)5 a feeling of very strong anger that usually does not last very long (fury)6 to talk about other people or about things that are not important (gossip) 6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.1 I unexpectedly met an old friend in the shopping mall yesterday. (bumped into)2 The men demonstrate how true and honest their love for their wives is by drinkinga lot. (sincere)3 While the men are doing the shopping, the women will clean the carpets, and dust the room. (vacuum)4 Please remain here and wait for a while – she will come back soon. (stick around)5 I think it is a good idea to soak clothes before washing them. (advisable)6 After hearing what he had been through, her eyes were full of tears. (filled up with)High days and holidays Unit 82657 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If someone is dewy-eyed, are they likely to (a) lack experience about life, or (b) be in love?2 If someone accepts you on your own reckoning, do they (a) accept you without considering if you arewhat you claim to be, or (b) have a clear idea of your real character?3 If you bask in your fame, do you (a) feel bothered, or (b) enjoy being famous?4 Does charred mean (a) black and burnt, or (b) cooked perfectly?5 If something shrivels in the summer heat, does it (a) grow rapidly, or (b) become smaller and not fresh?6 If someone’s face turns scarlet, is it because they feel (a) embarrassed or angry, or (b) tired and hungry?7 If you go to bed on the dot of 11 pm, do you sleep (a) at exactly 11 pm, or(b) around 11 pm?8 If you pop into somewhere, do you (a) go there only for a short time, or (b) stay there for a long time?9 If someone is in a stupor, are they unable to think or act normally because they’re (a) too sleepy, orunable to think or act normally because they’re (a) too sleepy, or(b) not completely conscious?Active reading (2)Chinese or Western, it’s a time to relaxLanguage points1 Their fears may be justified to a certain extent. (Para 4)The word justified means having an acceptable explanation or reason. The writer then gives theexplanation in the following sentence.2 For good or bad, the world has possibly undergone more changes … (Para 5) The writer does not want to get into the question of whether what has happened has been good or bad. Thepoint is to agree that there has been change and it has consequences.3 Television, we thought, was the last uniting factor till we got a feel for the Internet. (Para 5)The expression get a feel for something means to be accustomed to something or to have or develop anunderstanding of something and skill in doing it.4 Nothing comes without a rider in this global market. (Para 6)A rider is an American expression for a clause added to a law or legal document, often setting an extracondition.The sentence means nothing in the modern world comes without some unexpected or unwantedconsequences.5 Be it on the mainland or in the highly developed West or in the poorest of societies, a festival carriesthe same meaning. (Para 7)The sentence means festivals have the same meaning whether in China, the advanced economies of theWest or the least developed nations.Reading and understanding3 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The writer thinks the Chinese celebrate Christmas because (d) .(a) it’s a Western festival(b) the world has undergone a great deal of change(c) it’s a festival which carries the same meaning in both the East and the West(d) it has become a festival which is celebrated around the world, and everyone can relax during thattimeHigh days and holidays Unit 82692 Some scholars fear that celebrating Christmas in China (a) .(a) may threaten Chinese culture(b) means that the Chinese blindly follow the West in every way(c) causes Chinese festivals to lose their charm(d) is a good example of Western decadence3 The Chinese attach more importance to Christmas than a couple of decades ago because (b) .(a) television and the Internet have become uniting factors(b) changes throughout the world make them look differently at the world and at China’s place in it(c) we belong to a global village(d) most of the world follows the Gregorian calendar4 Enjoying a Western festival doesn’t mean that (c) .(a) the Chinese approve of Western decadence(b) the Chinese are left untouched by the festive season(c) the Chinese follow the West without thinking(d) the Chinese culture is free of decadence5 The writer believes that the scholars and students (b) .(a) can save society from the influence of a world which is getting smaller(b) have a point of view which should not be rejected(c) are what are referred to as conservatives(d) are right in thinking Chinese festivals have lost their charm6 The basic message of Christmas (d) .(a) is similar to Eastern principles of helping others(b) has the same charm as Chinese festivals(c) is one of Western culture, which attracts youngsters more than other Chinese(d) is one of goodness, love of mankind and help for the poor which is relevant to everyoneDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 simple (humble)2 to show that there is a good reason for something, especially something that other people think is wrong(justify)3 to experience something, especially something that is unpleasant but necessary (undergo)4 a large meal for a lot of people, usually in order to celebrate something (feast)5 a system for measuring the length of a year and dividing it into periods such as weeks and months(calendar)6 a child, or a young person (youngster)7 pleasant or attractive qualities or features (charm)8 the quality of being morally good (goodness)9 to express a strong opinion and try to persuade other people to accept it (preach)Unit 8 High days and holidays2705 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.There is some (1) justification to scholars’ fears that a lot of Chinese (2) youngsters have recentlybecome more interested in festivals from the Western (3) calendar, such as Christmas which I must admitdoes have some (4) charm. The world is (5) undergoing many changes, and even though we come from agenuinely modest and (6) humble culture, we’re more and more attracted by the bright lights and comfortsof the West. But Christmas is actually a winter (7) feast and is similar to our own festivals because it(8) preaches the importance of being morally (9) good and showing love for mankind.6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions in the box.1 Is oriental likely to mean (a) Eastern, or (b) Western?2 If you vent your feelings, do you (a) express them strongly, or (b) hide them?3 Is an indigenous American likely to be (a) someone who has arrived from another country, or (b)someone who has lived in America before others arrived?4 If you feel at one with something, are you likely to feel (a) unhappy and uncomfortable, or (b) happyand relaxed with it?5 Is zeal likely to be (a) great energy and enthusiasm, or (b) a lack of interest?6 If you want to conserve something, do you want to (a) keep it as it is, or(b) change it?7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you’re caught in a trance, are you likely to be (a) aware, or (b) unaware of your state?2 If something happens for good or bad, do you (a) know, or (b) not know whether it will have good orbad results?3 Is a rider likely to be (a) a condition to what has been said, in order to limit it, or (b) an addition to whathas been said, adding extra information?4 Is an anomaly likely to be (a) a contradiction, or (b) a usual feature?5 Is skulduggery likely to be (a) secret activities that are intended to trickor cheat people, or (b) normalevents in everyday life?6 Are mundane affairs likely to be (a) interesting and exciting, or (b) not interesting and exciting?7 Is decadence likely to be (a) highly moral behaviour, or (b) immoral behaviour?8 If you shut your eyes and ears to something, do you (a) pay attention to it, or (b) refuse to pay attentionto it?Language in useBe it / they ...1 Rewrite the sentences using Be it / they …1 Whether it’s Christmas or any other occasion, people like to spend some quality time with their families.Be it at Christmas or on any other occasion, people like to spend some quality time with their families.2 Whether it’s in good ways or bad, the world has changed in recent years. Be it in good ways or bad, the world has changed in recent years.3 Whether it’s with a feast or a humble meal, people celebrate festivals in the same way around the world.Be it with a feast or a humble meal, people celebrate festivals in the same way around the world.4 Whether children are good or naughty, they are blessings.Be they good or naughty, children are blessings.5 Whether they are scholars or ordinary people, they cannot stop the world from getting smaller.Be they scholars or ordinary people, they cannot stop the world from getting smaller.fronting2 Rewrite the sentences using fronting.1 It is not surprising that Christmas has become a global festival.That Christmas has become a global festival is not surprising.2 It may be justified that scholars have expressed concern about the influence of Christmas.That scholars have expressed concern about the influence of Christmas may be justified.3 It’s no different from our ancestors’ enjoying breaks that we enjoy an occasion to relax today.That we enjoy an occasion to relax today is no different from our ancestors’enjoying breaks.Unit 8 High days and holidays2744 It is the reason we celebrate Christmas that most of the world follows the Gregorian calendar.That most of the world follows the Gregorian calendar is the reason we celebrate Christmas.5 It is something we need to remember that decadence is not the sole preserve of the West.That decadence is not the sole preserve of the West is something we need to remember.6 It is something we should not forget that Jesus was born in the East. That Jesus was born in the East is something we should not forget.as3 Rewrite the sentences using as .1 The men, because they want to please their wives, leave them to sleep and go out to meet friends.The men, as they want to please their wives, leave them to sleep and go out to meet friends.2 In the same way as people did all over Russia, they enjoyed blinis and champagne. They enjoyed blinis and champagne as people did all over Russia.3 On International Women’s Day, because it’s important to buy flowers for the women in your life, theflower sellers were doing a busy trade.On International Women’s Day, as it’s important to buy flowers for the women in your life, the flowersellers were doing a busy trade.4 In the same way as women do all over the world, a Soviet woman starts her day by getting the childrenready for school.A Soviet woman starts her day by getting the children ready for school as women do all over the world.collocations4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the collocation box.Sometimes more than one collocation is possible.1 You shouldn’t sneak up on people like that. You scared me!2 A festival can be a really difficult time if you are feeling down in the dumpsbecause everyone elseseems to be enjoying themselves when you’re not.3 Notting Hill Carnival had very humble beginnings but it is now one of Britain’s biggest festivals.4 You can sneak a preview of his new movie on the Internet.5 It was really mean of him to dump his girlfriend in a Christmas card.6 Festivals have their charm, even if you are not religious.7 The party was a bit boring so we sneaked away when no one was looking.8 After a while living in a big city began to lose its charm.9 We ate a very humble meal of bread and cheese sitting in the park and watching the May Day parade.10 I wish you could sneak me into your suitcase so that I could come with you!5 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 On International Women’s Day, Soviet women bask in their menfolk’slove and gratitude. In themorning, as it is a holiday, they lounge in bed instead of going out to work. Their husbands, with muchcursing and clattering of pans, cook breakfast for the family; by ten o’clock they proudly serve theirHigh days and holidays Unit 8275wives a charred and shrivelled egg. Beside the woman’s plate will be a bunch of flowers and a little gift,a bottle of scent perhaps, or a pair of tights, which she will exclaim over until the children, scarlet withfury, insist that their mother makes them their proper breakfast. (pans 在原文中其实泛指厨房里的物件，译成汉语时应为“锅碗瓢盆”。
新标准大学英语综合教程3unit9-10课后答案（含课后翻译）
新标准大学英语综合教程3 unit9-10 课后答案（含课后翻译）Unit9Active readin g 2Matchthe wordsin the box with theirdefini tions.Comple te the senten ces with the correc t form of the words.Choose the rightwordsor expres sions to comple te the senten ces.a b a b b b a b a bLangua ge in useRewrit e the senten ces using-someth ing or -odd.1. Thereare about20 people waitin g in the corrid or outsid e.Thereare twenty-odd people waitin g in the corrid or outsid e.2. The new lectur er is betwee n 50 and 60, I think.The new lectur er is fifty-someth ing, I think.3. Why don't you invite all your friend s who are in theirthirti es?Why don't you invite all your thirty-someth ing friend s?4. I reckon that therewere 200 people in the cinema.Therewere two hundre d-odd people in the cinema.5. I don't know how old she is, maybebetwee n 70 and 80.I don't know how old she is, maybesevent y-someth ing.Rewrit e the senten ces usingas much / many ... as ther is / are. Follow the exampl e.1.In Britai n for every curiou s surnam e there is an intere sting place name.Thereare as many curiou s surnam es in Britai n as thereare intere sting placenames.2.For each commun ity in the capita l thereis a majorcultur al festiv al.Thereare as many majorcultur al festiv als in the capita l as thereare commun ities.3.Thereis a lot of confus ion aboutthe new traffi c rules, and thereis the same amount of dissat isfac tionaboutthe change s in the openin g hoursof shops.Thereis as much confus ion aboutthe new traffi c rulesas thereis dissat isfac tionaboutthe change s in the openin g hoursof shops.4.For each member of our organi zatio n thereis a differ ent opinio n aboutwhat we shoulddo.Thereare as many differ ent opinio ns aboutwhat we should do as thereare member s of our organi zatio n.5.I've got the feelin g that the number of proble ms to resolv e on this projec t is equiva lentto the number of starsin the sky.Thereare as many proble ms to resolv e on this projec t as thereare starsin the sky.1. Who doesn't suppor t the policy?Femini sts.2. How long has the policy worked?Hundre ds of years.3. Who doesn't want to see it abused?Icelan dic people.4. If the policy change d, what mightsome people want to do?They mightwant to give theirchildr en unusua l names.5. What is Snowmo bilean exampl e of?It is an exampl e of a ridicu lousname and abuseof the naming system.Read the explan ation s of the words. Answer the questi ons.1.(a)Ten to one.(b)I will have a ration al attitu de.(c)They are toally unreas onabl e.(d)No, it is rather large.2.(a)Yes, becaus e people pay you a largeamount of money.(b)Growin g cities(c)No, I am not really hungry.3.(a)Machin es are a myster y to me.(b)Yes, I have to sit next week's test.(c)No, I thinknamesneed to be more imagin ative.4.(a)Spendi ng a lot.(b)A sudden increa se in powerflow caused by someth ing like lightn ing may damage electr icalapplia nces.(c)No, run, becaus e people are sudden ly rushin g toward s you like a wave on a beach.(d)When a sudden powerf ul emotio n fillsyou, it is very diffic ult to contro l.5.(a)Yes, or things will be disorg anize d.(b)No, thereis plenty of public transp ort to use.(c)I thinkit is mainly becaus e they want a change.(d)Yes, or else I cannot revise laterTransl ate the paragr aphsinto Chines e.1. In Europe, the Romans starte d callin g people by theirgivenname and family name in Latinfrom 300 BC, but it wasn't common practi ce throug houtEurope untilthe 10th or 11th centur y, when first, the lordsand gentry, then middle-classcitize ns, and finall y everyo ne used surnam es. The necess ity for surnam es arosewhen the popula tionbeganto grow. Sudden ly therewas more than one person with the same name in a villag e, so surnam es were used. Genera lly, thesesurnam es were not handed down to the next genera tion, but afterthe fall of the RomanEmpire, Irelan d was one of the firstcountr ies to adoptheredi tarysurnam es, and Irishsurnam es are foundas earlyas the10t h centur y.在欧洲，罗马人从公元前300年起就用拉丁文的姓和名来称呼别人，但是一直到公元10或者11世纪，这种做法才在整个欧洲流行起来，最先是在贵族阶层中间，然后是城市的中产阶级，到最后所有人都开始使用姓氏。
新标准大学英语综合教程3第二版课后答案
新标准大学英语综合教程3第二版课后答案1、Though my best friend Jack doesn’t get（）education, he is knowledgeable. [单选题] *A. ManyB. littleC. fewD. much(正确答案)2、If you don’t feel well, you’d better ask a ______ for help. [单选题] *A. policemanB. driverC. pilotD. doctor(正确答案)3、I’ve got some very _______ news to tell you. [单选题] *A. exciting(正确答案)B. comfortableC. convenientD. beautiful4、The commander said that two _____ would be sent to the Iraqi front line the next day. [单选题] *A. women's doctorB. women doctorsC. women's doctorsD. women doctor(正确答案)5、He made ______ for an old person on the bus. [单选题] *A. room(正确答案)B. roomsC. a roomD. some rooms6、For the whole period of two months, there _____ no rain in this area. Now the crops are dead [单选题] *A. isB. wasC. has been(正确答案)D. have been7、People cut down many trees ______ elephants are losing their homes. （）[单选题] *A. ifB. butC. so(正确答案)D. or8、Every morning John takes a（）to his office. [单选题] *A. 20-minutes' walkB. 20 minute ' walkC. 20-minutes walkD. 20-minute walk(正确答案)9、We had ____ wonderful lunch last Saturday. [单选题] *A. /B. theC. oneD. a(正确答案)10、Her ideas sound right, but _____ I'm not completely sure. [单选题] *A. somehow(正确答案)B. somewhatC. somewhereD. sometime11、Mary _______ Math. [单选题] *A. is good at(正确答案)B. do well inC. is good forD. is good with12、She talks too much; you’ll be glad when you’re free of her. [单选题] *A. 与她自由交谈B. 离开她(正确答案)C. 受她的控制D. 与她在一起13、They all choose me ______ our class monitor.（）[单选题] *A. as(正确答案)B. inC. withD. on14、The children are playing wildly and making a lot of?_______. [单选题] *A. cryB. voicesC. noises(正确答案)D. music15、—Do you know ______ box it is? —It is ______.（）[单选题] *A. who; myB. whose; meC. who; herD. whose; hers(正确答案)16、--Don’t _______ too late, or you will feel tired in class.--I won’t, Mum. [单选题] *A. call upB. wake upC. stay up(正确答案)D. get up17、Some students are able to find jobs after graduation while _____will return to school for an advanced degree. [单选题] *A. otherB. anotherC. others(正确答案)D. the other18、Sam is going to have the party ______ Saturday evening. （）[单选题] *A. inB. on(正确答案)C. atD. to19、In 2019 we moved to Boston,（）my grandparents are living. [单选题] *A. whoB. whenC. where(正确答案)D. for which20、He prefers to use the word “strange”to describe the way（）she walks. [单选题] *A. in which(正确答案)B. by whichC. in thatD. by that21、At nine yesterday morning, I ______ an English class while they ______ a PE class.（）[单选题] *A. was having; were having(正确答案)B. had; hadC. was having; hadD. had; were having22、39．__________ he was very tired, he didn’t stop working. [单选题] *A．Although (正确答案)B．WhenC．AfterD．Because23、I’m looking forward to hearing from you _______. [单选题] *A. recentlyB. soon(正确答案)C. quicklyD. fast24、It’s windy outside. _______ your jacket, Bob. [单选题] *A. Try onB. Put on(正确答案)C. Take offD. Wear25、( ) It ___ the Chinese people 8 years to build the Dam. [单选题] *A. took(正确答案)B. costsC. paidD. spends26、They lost their way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was night began to fall. [单选题] *A. thatB. itC. what(正确答案)D. which27、We ______ boating last weekend.（）[单选题] *A. goB. went(正确答案)C. are goingD. will go28、35．___________ good music the teacher is playing! [单选题] *A．What(正确答案)B．HowC．What aD．What the29、This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. [单选题] *A. howB. whichC. that(正确答案)D. what30、I was astonished when I heard that Louise was getting married. [单选题] *A. 惊讶(正确答案)B. 气愤C. 高兴D. 想念。
新标准大学英语综合教程3课后练习答案-Unit-2
Unit 2Active reading (1)Language points1 ... I can recall the changing colors of those days, clear and definiteas a pattern seen through a kaleidoscope. (Para 1)A kaleidoscope is a toy that shows changing patterns. It is made of a tube with mirrors and colored pieces of glass inside. The glass pieces move as you turn the kaleidoscope. As a metaphor, kaleidoscope means a view,situation or experience that keeps changing and has many different aspects.2 … and look over the lights of Boston that blazed a nd blinked far off across the darkening water. (Para 2)To blaze means to burn strongly and brightly. The lights ... that blazedand blinked means the lights were bright and went on and off continuously, like the blinking of eyes.3 The sunset flaunted its pink flag above the airport, and the sound of waves was lost in the perpetual droning of the planes. (Para 2)To flaunt means to deliberately try to make people notice something, egyour possessions, beauty, abilities etc, because you want them to admire you. The sunset flaunted its pink flag means the pink color of the setting sun was like a flag which the sun was using to try to make everyone notice and admire it. To drone means to make a continuous low sound. Because Logan is an international airport, the noise of the planes continued all the time. So it was perpetual.4 I marveled at the moving beacons on the runway and watched, until itgrew completely dark, the flashing red and green lights that rose and setin the sky like shooting stars. (Para 2)A beacon is a bright light that shines in the dark and is used as a signalto warn people of danger or to show them the way to somewhere. Beacons are used in airports to show approaching and departing planes the position ofthe runways to help them land and take off safely. A shooting star is a meteor, a large piece of rock in space that falls through the earth’s atmosphere and makes a bright line of light in the sky. When you see a shooting star, it is said to be lucky, and some people make a wish.5 Out by the parking lot David and I found the perfect alcove for our Superman dramas. (Para 5)A parking lot is the American equivalent of a car park, British English. A lot in American English refers to a small area of land used for aparticular purpose.6 During recess, David and I came into our own. (Para 6)To come into one’s own means to have the opportunity to show how good or useful someone is. Here the two children are good at imaginative play with Superman games.7 We ignored the boys playing baseball on the gravel court and the girls giggling at dodge-ball in the dell. (Para 6)Dodge-ball is a game played by children standing in a circle or on opposite sides of an area. A rubber ball is thrown by those outside, who try to hit those in the circle. The children in the circle try to dodge the ball to avoid being hit.8 Our Superman games made us outlaws … (Para 6)An outlaw is a criminal, especially one who moves from place to place to avoid being caught. There are many famous stories of outlaws in Western culture, eg Robin Hood, Billy the Kid, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, Ned Kelly etc. Here, the two children are outlaws because they play their imaginative games against the custom of other games like dodge-ball.9 … the sallow mamma’s boy on our block who was left out of the boys’ games ... and skin his fat knees. (Para 6)Mamma, mama, momma, mummy are children’s names for mother (mum). A mamma’s boy is one who depends too much on his mother and is not independent when he should be.To skin one’s knees m eans to hurt one’s knees by falling on a rough surface in a way that causes some skin to be removed.10 At the time my Uncle Frank was living with us while waiting to be drafted … (Para 8)The draft means conscription into the armed forces for military service. People who are drafted are made to join the army, navy etc; they are conscripts or draftees not volunteers.Reading and understanding3 Answer the questions.1 What were Sylvia Plath’s most important memories?She remembered winning a prize, Paula Br own’s new suit and the view from her window.2 Where did she live and what could she see from her bedroom window?She lived on the bay side of town, on Johnson Avenue, and she could see the lights of Boston and LoganAirport from her bedroom window.3 What did the view make her want to do?It made her want to fly in her dreams.4 Why did she have such vivid dreams?Because she was rarely tired when she went to bed.5 Who appeared in her dreams?Superman appeared and taught her to fly.6 Why did she enjoy the radio adventures of Superman?Because she loved the sheer poetry of flight.7 Where did her friend and she play Superman?At the dingy back entrance to the school, an alcove in a long passageway. Unit 2 Childhood memories468 Why do you think they chose Sheldon to be the villain?Because he was a mamma’s boy and was left out of the other boys’ games.9 How did she feel about her Uncle Frank?She admired him as she thought he bore an extraodinary resemblance to Superman incognito.4 Choose the best summary of the passage.3 Sylvia Plath wrote about her real and imaginary life as a child. Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 accurate and true (definite)2 continuing all the time (perpetual)3 to spin quickly in circles (whirl)4 to shine very brightly (blaze)5 to laugh in a nervous, excited or silly way that is difficult to control (giggle)6 to encourage someone to speak or continue speaking (prompt)7 to fall to the ground (tumble)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5. Plath never needed to be (1) prompted to talk about her childhood memories. They were very (2) definite and still real to her as an adult. She imagined she could fly and (3) whirl through the air like Superman. Coming from the highways around Boston was the (4) perpetual sound of traffic. In thedistance a planewas taking off, its lights (5) blazing into the night sky. She remembered the sound of (6) giggling which came from the group of girls. Sadly in her later life it seemed as if Superman had (7) tumbled to earth.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 The lights at the airport went on and off all day and night. (blinked)2 The playground was like a desert. It was without any interesting or positive features and unfriendly. (barren)3 The boys were playing a children’s game in which the players chase and try to touch each other and the girls were gossiping and giggling. (tag)4 Pulling the legs off insects is a form of action causing extreme physical pain by someone as a punishment, and is extremely cruel. (torture)5 The similarity in appearance between the twins was striking. (resemblance)6 He would cover candy with a piece of cloth used for cleaning lips and hands, and make it disappear. (napkin)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you look through a kaleidoscope, are you likely to see (a) changing coloured patterns, or (b) a single coloured pattern?2 If you flaunt something, do you (a) deliberately try to make people notice, or (b) try to hide it?3 If you marvel at something, do you find it (a) boring, or (b) surprising and fascinating?4 Are shooting stars likely to (a) move brightly through the night sky, or(b) stand still?5 Is the twilight likely to be (a) at the end of, or (b) in the middle of the day?6 If you drift off to sleep, are you likely to fall asleep (a) quickly, or(b) slowly?7 If someone is bookish, are they likely to be (a) more, or (b) less interested in reading books than doing other activities?8 If you make up something, do you (a) invent it, or (b) borrow it from someone else?9 If you come into your own, are you likely to show (a) how effective and useful, or (b) ineffective and useless you can be?10 Is a villain likely to be a (a) good, or (b) bad person?11 If you are left out of something, are you likely to be (a) included, or(b) excluded?Active reading (2)Language points1 These changing ideas about children have led many social scientists to claim that childhood is a “social construction”. (Para 4)A social construction refers to the process or result of creating an ideaor system of behaviour in social contexts, ie it is created and developed between people and is not something natural or genetic.2 Social anthropologists have shown this in their studies of peoples ... (Para 5)Social anthropologists are scholars and researchers who study human societies, customs and beliefs from a social perspective, which may be distinct from the focus of physical anthropologists or linguistic anthropologists.3 Because they can’t be reasoned with, and don’t understand, parentstreat them with a great deal of tolerance and leniency. (Para 5)Tolerance is the attitude of someone who is willing to accept otherpeople’s beli efs or way of life without criticizing them even if they disagree with them. The word leniency means giving a punishment or actingin a way that is not as severe or harsh as it could be.4 They are seen as being closer to mad people than adults because theylack the highly prized quality of social competence … (Para 6)Something is prized if it is considered to be very important or valuable. The examples in the passage emphasize how different cultural communitiesmay give importance to quite different qualities which they expect from children, so the children are brought up very differently.5 They are regularly told off for being clumsy and a child who falls over may be laughed at, shouted at, or beaten. (Para 6)To tell someone off means to criticize someone angrily for doing something wrong. If you are told off for doing something in a serious or official way, you are reprimanded.6 Looking at it from a cross-cultural perspective shows the wide varietyof childhoods that exist acrossthe world … (Para 11)A cross-cultural perspective is a view which considers different cultures separately or independently and then makes comparisons. An intercultural perspective would look at the relations and interactions between different cultures or communities, taking inside views of each culture into account.A transcultural perspective would look at different cultures usingknowledge, skills and insights which are thought toapply to a wide range of cultural contexts and which would help people in intercultural contexts.Reading and understanding3 Read the passage again and complete the table.Teaching tips•When Ss have completed the table on their own, divide the class into seven groups, each group being responsible for one row in the table. They have to summarize the characteristics of childhood of this ethnic group, and also include an example. Then they report to the class. Each group should also add related information they learned from the passage, and the language and culture notes. The presentation of each group could be given from that exact roles of parents from that exact cultural or ethnic group. If this is difficult, T may give each group a copy of the example below, and ask them to practise and present it to the class.•As a way to follow this up, T can ask each group, one by one, to compare their result with that of another group, without looking at their books. An alternative follow-up is for the T, together with one or two Ss, to take the roles of TV reporters who meet each group and ask them “on camera” to compare themselves with another group, and talk about how they understand the other group from a cross-cultural perspective.1 We are American colonial people. We lived in the 17th and 18th centuries on the east coast of America and our families settled here from Europe. In our time, children were expected to be good and industrious. That was the main characteristic of childhood. For example, when our girls were four they knitted stockings and mittens; when they were six they spun wool. We called them “Mrs” to show the girls our appreciation.2 We are Inuit people from the Arctic regions. Some of us are from Canada and Greenland, Denmark, others from Russia and Alaska of US. For us, children need to get ihuma – you would call this the process of acquiring thought, reason and understanding. That’s the main characteristic of childhood.For example, as parents we are tolerant and lenient with children until they are old enough to develop ihuma, then we can teach them and discipline them.3 We are from Tonga, a kingdom of about 170 islands in the south-west Pacific Ocean. As parents, we may regularly beat our children if they haven’t yet developed poto. You would think of poto as social competence.For us, it’s the main quality that our children need to deve lop. So we treat them withdiscipline and physical punishment when they are mischievous or wilful.4 We are the Beng people. We live in different parts of West Africa. The main characteristic of childhood is that young children are thought to be in contact with the spirit world. They come to the world reluctantly because life in the spirit world is so pleasant. As parents, we have to look after our children properly, or they may return to the spirit world. We have to treat them with care and reverence. They can know and understand everything we tell them, whatever languages we use.5 We are parents from the Western world today. Some of us are from Europe, others from North America, Australia and other places. The main characteristic of childhood in our countries is that children are incompetent and dependent, so they should play, be part of the family and go to school. Children should not work. For example, a child under 14can’t look after a younger child unsupervised because they aren’t competent or responsible yet. If we found a child of 12 working in afactory or in a market, the social services could intervene and the family could be prosecuted.6 We are Fulani people. Most of us live in West Africa. For us, the main characteristic of childhood is that children are competent and responsible. So by the age of four our girls can care for their younger siblings; by six they can pound grain or produce milk and butter which they can sell in the market alongside us.7 We are the Yanamamö people from the Amazonian rainforest. We live among the hills where you probably call the border between Brazil and Venezuela. The main characteristic of childhood is that children are responsible and competent. Our girls help their mothers from a young age and by the age of ten they will be running the house. This is important because they will probably be married at 12 or 13.Our boys have fewer responsibilities. They can play because they don’t get married until later.Culture / Ethnic group Characteristics of childhoodAmerican colonial expected to be good and industriousInuit develop a process of acquiring thought, reason and understanding Tongaregularly beaten and told off by parents and older siblings, seen as being verynaughty, until they develop social competenceBengtreated with great care and reverence, believed that they are in contact with thespirit worldChildhood memories Unit 255Culture / Ethnic group Characteristics of childhoodWestern world todayseen as incompetent and irresponsible; playing not working, going to school notlabouring, consumption instead of productionFulani competent and responsible; expected to workYanamamöcompetent and responsible; girls expected to work from a young age, be marriedand have children at 12 or 13; boys having fewer responsibilities and gettingmarried later4 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The characteristics of childhood a hundred years ago (d) .(a) would have interfered in their education(b) are similar to those of today(c) would be illegal today(d) meant that children were treated more like adults2 The idea that childhood is a social construction suggests that (a) .(a) children experience childhood in different ways according to the society in which they live(b) enormous transformations have taken place within a relatively short time(c) children in the past worked harder(d) all children are different from adults3 Both Inuit and Tongan parents understand that (b) .(a) their children need to be treated in a way which would be considered harsh by outsiders(b) their children don’t yet possess certain prized qualities, such as reasoning and social competence(c) growing up is a process of acquiring thought, not social skills(d) bringing up their children requires tolerance and discipline4 Parents of Beng children treat them with great care because they (d) .(a) think children know all human languages and understand all cultures(b) think life in the earthly world is unpleasant(c) believe the children still live in a spirit world(d) fear the children may choose to return to the spirit world where they lived before they were born5 Western childcare practices (c) .(a) include allowing eight-year-old girls to work and 12-year-old girls to marry(b) treat the child in a bizarre and possibly harmful way(c) see the child as being incompetent, dependent on the parents, and incapable of looking after other children(d) are only similar to Yanamamö childcare practices in that girls help out at home, and boys are allowed to play well into their teens6 The main idea of the passage is that (c) .(a) history shows us how our perception of childhood has changed(b) childhood is viewed in different ways according to the child’s cultural and social upbringing(c) both history and society can affect our perception of childhood(d) Western notions of childhood are outdated and not informed (continued)Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Read the passage again and find the words in the box. Choose the best definition in the context of thepassage.1 consumption(a) the process of buying or using goods(b) the process of eating, drinking, or smoking something2 colonial(a) relating to a system or period in which one country rules another(b) made in a style that was common in North America in the 18th century3 knit(a) to make something such as a piece of clothing using wool and sticks called knitting needles(b) to join together or work together as one group or unit4 harsh(a) unpleasant and difficult to live in(b) strict, unkind, and often unfair5 contact(a) communication between people, countries, or organizations either by talking or writing(b) a situation in which people or things touch each other6 impose(a) to force someone to have the same opinion, belief as you(b) to cause extra work for someone by asking them to do something that may not be convenient for them7 perspective(a) a way of thinking about something(b) a sensible way of judging how good, bad, important etc something is in comparison with other things6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.Our (1) knowledge and understanding of childhood is undergoing a process of (2) nonstop change. In the West we see children as being (3) in need of adult control. However, among other (4) socio-cultural groups with similar traditions children are (5) mainly considered to be capable of assuming greater responsibilities. So there is a (6) strong desire for (7) someone who does not belong to this group to think that such practices might be odd or even harmful. But while most ethnic groups may at first show (8) hesitation about integrating other traditions and customs with their own, (9) outside pressures usually make them change their traditional view of childhood.Key: (1) notion (2) continual (3) dependent on (4) ethnic (5) largely(6) temptation (7) an outsider (8) reluctance (9) external7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Is prosecution likely to be (a) the act of accusing someone of a crime, or (b) the process of supervisionby the social services?2 Is intricate likely to be (a) very basic, or (b) very detailed in design?3 Is leniency likely to involve (a) kindness and understanding, or (b)strict discipline?4 If someone tells you off, are they (a) criticizing, or (b) praising you?5 Is a mischievous child likely to (a) be well behaved, or (b) enjoy having fun by causing trouble?6 If a child is wilful, are they likely to cause damage or harm (a) deliberately, or (b) by mistake?7 When a child is unsupervised, are they likely to be (a) looked after by adults, or (b) without an adult looking after them?8 Is something bizarre likely to be (a) strange and difficult to explain,or (b) very usual?Language in useunpacking complex sentences1 Look at the sentences from the passage Superman and answer the questions.1 My flying dreams were believable as a landscape by Dali, so real that I would awake with a sudden shock, a breathless sense of having tumbled like Icarus from the sky and caught myself on the soft bed just in time.(a) What were believable?Her dreams about flying were believable.(b) How real were they?They were very real.Unit 2 Childhood memories60(c) Who had the sense of having tumbled like Icarus?The writer, Sylvia Plath.(d) Why would she wake up with a breathless sense?Because she felt she was really flying.(e) What did the breathless sense feel like?It felt like a sudden shock.(f) Why did she catch herself on the soft bed just in time?Because she felt she was falling.2 We even found a stand-in for a villain in Sheldon Fein, the sallow mamma’s boy on our block who was left out of the boys’ games because he cried whenever anybody tagged him and always managed to fall down and skin his fat knees.(a) What did we find?We found someone who could be a villain.(b) Who was the stand-in for a villain?Sheldon Fein.(c) What was he like?He was sallow and a mamma’s boy.(d) Where did he come from?He came from their block.(e) Why was he left out of the boys’ games?Because he always cried and fell over.(f) What happened when he always managed to fall down?He skinned his knees.2 Rewrite the sentence from the passage Cultural childhoods in a diagram below.He has written how a Yanamamö girl is expected to help her mother from a young age and by the age of ten will be running a house.3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the collocation box.Sometimes more than one collocation is possible.1 The Australian bush fires blazed for several days before they were brought under control.2 As a child Ruth’s long dark hair tumbled down her back.3 He comes from a very close-knit / tight-knit family with three brothers and two sisters.4 I remember my father used to knit his brows / eyebrows together when he was thinking hard aboutsomething.5 It was extremely hot and the sun was blazing.Hehaswrittenhow aYanomamö girlfrom a youngage andwill be runninga houseis expected to helpher motherby the age of ten6 Did you knit that jumper / hat yourself? It’s really beautiful!7 I’m wat ching the financial markets – I think the prices of stocks will tumble quite soon.4 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 My flying dreams were believable as a landscape by Dali, so real that I would awake with a sudden shock, a breathless sense of having tumbled like Icarus from the sky and caught myself on the soft bed just in time. These nightly adventures in space began when Superman started invading my dreams and teaching me how to fly. He used to come roaring by in his shining blue suit with his cape whistling in the wind, looking remarkably like my Uncle Frank who was living with mother and me. In the magic whirling of his cape I could hear the wings of a hundred seagulls, the motors of a thousand planes.我的飞行梦像达利的风景画那么真实可信，以致于自己常常会在一阵惊吓中醒来，好像伊卡罗斯那样从空中摔下来，虽然发现自己刚好掉到软软的床上，但也被吓得喘不过气来。
新标准大学英语综合教程3课后练习答案 Unit 3
Unit 3Language points1 For lack of a better terminology, one might name these: (1) the sensuous plane, (2) the expressive plane, (3) the sheerly musical plane. (Para 1)for lack of a better terminology is used to introduce rather The expression inexact terms. It means since we don't have any exact terms, I'm going touse these rather rough terms.sensuous suggests physical pleasure which relates to your physical The word senses rather than to your emotions and thoughts.plane is a level of thought, development or existence.Asheer Theis used to emphasize the amount or degree of something. The wordsheerly musical plane refers to the level of the musical material, melodies, sheer pleasure (Para 2, Line 2) means great or rhythms, harmonies etc. The pure pleasure.2 The only advantage to be gained from mechanically splitting up thelistening process into these hypothetical planes is … (Para 1)hypothetical means to be based on situations or events that seem The word possible rather than on actual ones. Here, the planes are not real, theyare just part of a model for analysis and discussion.3 One turns on the radio while doing something else and absent-mindedlybathes in the sound. A kind of brainless but attractive state of mind is engendered by the mere sound appeal of the music. (Para 2)bathe bathemeans to swim or wash yourself in a bath, river or lake. To Toin the sound means to immerse yourself in the sound, like in water. engender means to cause a feeling or attitude to exist. The expressionToengendered by the mere sound appeal means to be created only by the appeal or attraction of the sound.4 Music allows them to leave it ... dreaming because of and apropos of the music yet never quite listening to it. (Para 3)apropos of means relating to; it is used to introduce The expression something else about the subject you are talking about. The expression is-s is silent in pronunciation.derived from French, and the final5 ... but you must not allow it to usurp a disproportionate share of your interest. The sensuous plane is an important one in music ... but it doesnot constitute the whole story. (Para 4)usurp means to take a job or position that belongs to someone elseTowithout having the right to do this.you must not allow it to usurp a disproportionate share ofThe sentenceyour interest means don't let it take up a wrong amount of your interest.it does not constitute the whole story means there is more The expression to it than this.6 Here, immediately, we tread on controversial ground. (Para 5)we tread on controversial ground contains a metaphor: These The expression are ideas that some people will probably disagree about or not approve of.7 Composers have a way of shying away from any discussion of music's expressive side. (Para 5)shy away from something means to avoid someone or be unwilling to do To something because you are nervous, afraid or not confident.8 Is it pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad? (Para 6)resignedly means with resignation, accepting that something The word unpleasant must happen or that you cannot change it. The whole sentencegives nuances – shades of meaning – of different kinds of sadness:sadness which has a feeling of pessimism (things are bad and we can'tchange them easily), sadness to which we may feel resigned – we accept it, sadness that we feel is part of our fate – we can't avoid it and it ispart of our life, and sadness that also has humour, so we smile even thoughwe feel sad.9 It is very important for all of us to become more alive to music on its sheerly musical plane. (Para 9)become / be alive to something means to know that something is happening To and realize how important it is.10 After all, an actual musical material is being used ... He must hearthe melodies, the rhythms, the harmonies, the tone colors in a moreconscious fashion. (Para 9)musical materials refer to the elements of music, usually discussed The melody rhythm (the effects of time or under the headings of (the tune), harmony (how the notes of music duration of the beats of music, the pulse), tone color (how combine with each other in chords or sequences of notes),the precise sound of notes can vary), and form (how the music is organized with all the elements and patterns of repetition and variation).11 Perhaps an analogy with what happens to us when we visit the theaterwill make this instinctive correlation clearer. (Para 11)analogy is a comparison between two situations, processes etc, that isAnintended to show that the two are similar. That the two things areanalogous means the same things are true of or relevant to both of them.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make up or form something (constitute)2 happening or done at the same time (simultaneously)3 able to do something because you have the knowledge, skill, or experience that is needed (qualified)4 a regular pattern of sounds in music that you can show by moving, hitting your hands together, or hitting a drum or other surface (rhythm)5 to receive or obtain something from something else (derive)6 someone who writes music, especially classical music (composer)7 as much as is needed (sufficiently)5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4. Johann Sebastian Bach is possibly the greatest (1) composer the world has WellTempered Clavichord (2) constitutes -ever known. His one of the most complete works for keyboard ever written. It is (3) simultaneously both a series of technical exercises which explore the possibilities of the keyboard, and a masterpiece of expressive feeling. Although he was a highly (4) qualified musician (as an organist and a choirmaster), he was not considered to be (5) sufficiently “modern” by the generation which followed him, and he was soon forgotten. But his music was rediscovered in the 19th century, for its perfect sense of (6) rhythm and harmony. Indeed, many of the great composers of the 20th century, such as Stravinsky, (7) derived a lot of their musical ideas from him.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 Shh! They're about to announce the winner of this year's International Piano Competition. (proclaim)2 It's quite easy to make a comparison between poetry and music. (analogy) It's quite easy to make an analogy between poetry and music.3 We are amazed by her ability to express herself with great clearness and simplicity. (clarity)4 How many artists have given up everything for the cause of their art?(for the sake of)5 Internet emerges as a powerful and effective force in advertising new products. (potent)6 I enjoyed the performance, but I thought the clothes the actors were wearing were a bit silly. (costumes)7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.split something up, do you (a) divide it into parts1 If you , or (b) put the parts together?absent-mindedly, are you (a) thinking about what you 2 If you do something are doing, or (b) thinking about something else?consolation (a) after a piece of bad news3 Do you look for , or (b) after a piece of good news?treading on controversial ground, are you (a) taking a risk, 4 If you are or (b) making everybody happy?shy away from something, do you (a) keep close to it, or (b) keep 5 If you your distance from it?pin something down, are you (a) able to examine it carefully6 If you , or (b) unable to examine it carefully?melody of a piece of music, are you familiar with 7 If you know the (a) the tune, or (b) the meaning of the music?instinctive reaction to something (a) automatic, or (b) one which 8 Is an follows a lot of thought?Reading and interpreting8 Work in pairs and choose the best answer to the questions.1 Which is the writer's main purpose?(a) To show how complex listening to music is.(b) To get people to listen to music more.(c) To discourage some people from listening to music.(d) To get people to think about how they listen to music.you? 2 Who does the writer address as(a) Musicians.(b) Theatregoers.(c) Composers.(d) Intelligent music lovers.9 Check (?) the statements you agree with.1 The analysis the writer makes is a fair and accurate one.√Yes, I think this is a reasonable analysis of listening to music.sensuous listener in negative terms.2 He describes theHe does mention some negative aspects of sensuous listening but he says several times that we listen in all three ways, so I don't think he is actually negative about this way.expressive.3 He thinks all great music is √He doesn't actually say this, but this seems to be his point of view.4 He thinks most listeners are not intelligent enough.No, he doesn't say this. He says most listeners are not conscious enoughof the third plane, but that doesn't mean they aren't intelligent.5 He is probably a professional musician.√I guess this is true because of his knowledge of Stravinsky and Bach, and his insights into the effective way of listening to music.6 He is probably a good teacher.√I think so because of his way of explaining the three planes and because of the way he uses the analogy of the theatre, which non-musician might appreciate.Active reading (2)Language points1 We know his work includes paintings of religious and mythological themes, domestic interiors and landscapes. (Para 2)Domestic interiors are the inside of households with the rooms, furniture and decorations.Landscapes are paintings of an area of land, showing the scenery sometimes with people but the focus mostly on nature.2 While Griet goes about her duties, she attracts the attention not onlyof a butcher's boy, Pieter, but also of the painter himself. (Para 6)go about her duties means to do the work that she is supposed to do.ToBeing on duty being off duty means to bemeans to be working at the moment;not working at the moment.3 Despite their different backgrounds and class, he invites her into his studio and engages her in his world. (Para 6)engage her in his world means to help her to take an interest, To understand or take part in what he does.4 Vermeer recognizes Griet as having visual talent and artistic promise, and takes her on as his studio assistant. (Para 7)she has artistic promise means she shows the sign that she The expression is likely to be successful as an artist in the future.5 Her role is to grind paints and develop the colours which Vermeer will use for his paintings ...(Para 7)grind paints means to break something into very small pieces or powder To by crushing it between two surfaces or using a machine. In Vermeer's time, artists made their own paints by grinding up different colours and mixing the powder with water or other substances. This task was often done by an apprentice or assistant.6 Catharina has long been forbidden to enter the studio, so the apprenticeship takes place in secret. (Para 7)apprenticeship refers to employment as an apprentice to work for Thesomeone, or a company, usually for low pay, in order to learn the type ofwork they do. In the 16th and 17th centuries, it was normal for people tolearn how to be an artist by serving as an apprenticeship.7 The film shows very effectively the tension ... for the portraitcommissioned by his patron. (Para 12)commission means to ask someone officially to do some work for you.ToCommissioning a work of ar t means asking the artist to produce a particular Dealing with unfamiliar words work of art in exchange for payment5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 someone who looks at a picture, photograph, or piece of art (viewer)2 a painting, drawing or photograph of someone, especially of their faceonly (portrait)3 relating to people's homes and family life (domestic)4 the inside part of something, especially a building or vehicle (interior)5 as a result (consequently)6 to start to employ someone or use their services (engage)7 to officially ask for a piece of work to be done for you (commission)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.In the beginning it was only the rich and famous who had their (1)portraits painted. But from the Renaissance onwards things changed. Firstly,the growing importance of the middle classes led many ordinary people to (2) commission paintings, often of members of their family. Secondly, artistsbecame interested in showing scenes of (3) domestic life, set in the (4)interiors of ordinary houses, and (5) consequently they began to (6) engage ordinary people, such as servant girls, as models. Part of the mystery for(7) viewers today concerns the identity of these models, in masterpiecessuch as Leonardo'sMona Lisa Girl with a Pearl Earring.and Vermeer'sAdditional activity7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words andexpressions in the box.1 He changed his religion from Protestantism and became a Catholic.(converted)2 One of the assistant's jobs was to break into a powder the paints.(grind)3 The newspaper started to change the fact so that it was no longer trueever since it existed, and the localgovernment was definitely one of the victims. (distort)4 You don't have to make a hole in your ears to be able to wear theseearrings. (pierce)5 The lives of artists have often been linked to shocking events andsituations. (scandals)6 One of the most striking aspects of the painting is the turban she is wearing on her head. (features)7 I'll finish the painting this evening, so from now until then you can have a break. (in the meantime)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.exotic clothes likely to be (a) ordinary, or (b) unusual1 Are ?sitter someone who (a) is being painted2 Is a , or (b) spends a lot of time sitting down?conventional sense of beauty one which is (a) shared and understood 3 Is a by most people, or (b) different from what is shared and understood by most people?enigmatic expression one which is full of (a) good humour, or 4 Is an (b) mystery?volatile personality, do you get angry (a) quickly5 If you have a , or (b) only when you can't tolerate?wary of something, are you (a) excited about it, or (b) 6 If you arecareful and nervous about it?explicitly, do you (a) make its meaning very clear 7 If you show something so there is no doubt about it, or (b) leave its meaning unclear?modesty, does she (a) cover her hair and 8 If a woman tries to keep her, or (b) talk and act with goodbody to avoid any sexual feeling in mengrace?jealousy the feeling you get when you think someone you love 9 Is (a) is attracted to somebody else, or (b) doesn't love you any more? Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Form compound nouns to indicate:1 a writer of songs (songwriter)2 a director of films (film director)3 a scarf you wear around your head (headscarf)4 a pack you carry on your back (backpack)5 a stick you use to make your lips red (lipstick)6 a lace you use to tie up your shoe (shoelace)7 polish that you put on your nails (nail polish)might have been / donemight have been done . 2 Rewrite the sentences using /1 It's possible that the artist and the model became lovers.The artist and the model might have been lovers.2 It's possible that Catharina was never jealous of the model.Catharina might never have been jealous of the model.3 It's possible that the model became Vermeer's assistant.The model might have become Vermeer's assistant.4 It's possible that Vermeer painted other masterpieces which have since been lost.Vermeer might have painted other masterpieces which have since been lost.5 It's possible that Vermeer died in poverty.Vermeer might have died in poverty.may be due to the fact that …may be due to the fact3 Complete the sentences with your own ideas usingthat …1 The young pianist's musical genius may be due to the fact that his mother played the piano a lot while she was pregnant, so he has always heard music from day one.2 The late arrival of the train may be due to the fact that there were.severe storms last night3 The misunderstanding may be due to the fact that she speaks very little Chinese and I don't speak much Spanish.4 The book's enormous popularity may be due to the fact that it has been aggressively marketed on TV and it was discussed in several prime time TV shows.5 His dislike of music may be due to the fact that he was exposed to loud rock music for many hours a day when he was quite small.insist that …insist that … 4 Rewrite the sentences using1 I met an old friend who refused to let me go before I had a drink with him.I met an old friend, who insisted that I have a drink with him before helet me go.2 The customs people refused to let me through unless I signed a document they gave me.The customs people insisted that I sign a document they gave me before they let me through.3 We refused to let him start the concert before having an hour's rest.We insisted that he have an hour's rest before he started the concert.4 They refused to publish the book until he changed some of the things he had written.They insisted that he change some of the things he'd written before they published the book.5 She refused to let me see the painting until I apologized for what I haddone.She insisted that I apologize for what I had done before she let me see the painting.collocations5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 appeal This word means the quality that something has that makes peoplelike it or want it.widen its appeal, what does it need to do? (a) If a radio station wants to It needs to appeal to a wider audience by having more popular programmes. popular appeal liked by many people or (b) Are games and sports that have a a few people?They are liked by many people.makes an appeal for money, what does it do? (c) When an organizationIt asks people to give money, probably for a charity.launch an appeal to the public for information? (d) How would the police They would have a special event like a TV broadcast in which they ask the public to come forward with any relevant information.2 qualified This word can mean thoroughly trained for a particular job. highly qualified doctor, what do you have? (a) If you are aYou have lots of medical qualifications.fully qualified engineers, what does it (b) If a job advertisement asks for expect?It expects people with degrees in engineering and work experiences to apply. well qualified to give an opinion, who are they? (c) If someone isThey are expert on the topic for which they are asked to give an opinion.3 engage This word can mean to start to employ someone or use their services.get engaged to someone, what are you planning to do? (a) If youYou are planning to get married with the person.engaged with rebels, what is happening? (b) If government forces haveThe government forces are fighting the rebels.engage in conversation, what do you do? (c) If you someoneYou talk to them and try to interest them in a conversation.4 convert This word can mean to change from one system, use, or method to another.convert pounds into dollars?(a) Where can youYou can exchange the money in banks, at the airport, according to thecurrent exchange rate. You should be sure to check the exchange ratebecause it can change from day to day.convert into?(b) What useful piece of furniture do some sofasThey convert into beds so that people can use them for overnight guests.convert to organic food production (c) What would a farmer have to do to methods?They would have to stop using artificial methods of food production andstart to use more natural ones.grind something, you break it into small pieces or powder, When you 5 grindby using a machine or by crushing it between two hard surfaces.grind it? (a) What happens to coffee, spices or pepper when youThe beans or seeds become powder.grind their teeth at night?(b) Did you know that 20 per cent of peopleNo, the number of the proportion sounds horrible.grinds to a halt, does it stop suddenly or slowly? (c) If the trafficIt stops slowly and will probably become a traffic jam unless it getsmoving again quickly.6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.Well-Tempered1 Listen, if you can, to the 48 fugue themes of Bach'sClavichord. Listen to each theme, one after another. You will soon realizethat each theme mirrors a different world of feeling. You will also soonrealize that the more beautiful a theme seems to you the harder it is tofind any word that will describe it to your complete satisfaction. Yes, youwill certainly know whether it is a gay theme or a sad one. You will beable, in other words, in your own mind, to draw a frame of emotionalfeeling around your theme. Now study the sad one a little closer. Try topin down the exact quality of its sadness. Is it pessimistically sad orresignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad?可能的话，你不妨听听巴赫的《平均律钢琴曲集》中的48个赋格主题。
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Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 simple (humble)2 to show that there is a good reason for something, especially something that other people think is wrong(justify)3 to experience something, especially something that is unpleasant but necessary (undergo)4 a large meal for a lot of people, usually in order to celebrate something (feast)5 a system for measuring the length of a year and dividing it into periods such as weeks and months(calendar)6 a child, or a young person (youngster)7 pleasant or attractive qualities or features (charm)8 the quality of being morally good (goodness)9 to express a strong opinion and try to persuade other people to accept it (preach)Unit 8 High days and holidays2705 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.There is some (1) justification to scholars’ fears that a lot of Chinese (2) youngsters have recentlybecome more interested in festivals from the Western (3) calendar, such as Christmas which I must admitdoes have some (4) charm. The world is (5) undergoing many changes, and even though we come from agenuinely modest and (6) humble culture, we’re more and more attracted by the bright lights and comfortsof the West. But Christmas is actually a winter (7) feast and is similar to our own festivals because it(8) preaches the importance of being morally (9) good and showing love for mankind.6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions in the box.1 Is oriental likely to mean (a) Eastern, or (b) Western?2 If you vent your feelings, do you (a) express them strongly, or (b) hide them?3 Is an indigenous American likely to be (a) someone who has arrived from another country, or (b)someone who has lived in America before others arrived?4 If you feel at one with something, are you likely to feel (a) unhappy and uncomfortable, or (b) happyand relaxed with it?5 Is zeal likely to be (a) great energy and enthusiasm, or (b) a lack of interest?6 If you want to conserve something, do you want to (a) keep it as it is, or(b) change it?7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you’re caught in a trance, are you likely to be (a) aware, or (b) unaware of your state?2 If something happens for good or bad, do you (a) know, or (b) not know whether it will have good orbad results?3 Is a rider likely to be (a) a condition to what has been said, in order to limit it, or (b) an addition to whathas been said, adding extra information?4 Is an anomaly likely to be (a) a contradiction, or (b) a usual feature?5 Is skulduggery likely to be (a) secret activities that are intended to trick or cheat people, or (b) normalevents in everyday life?6 Are mundane affairs likely to be (a) interesting and exciting, or (b) not interesting and exciting?7 Is decadence likely to be (a) highly moral behaviour, or (b) immoral behaviour?8 If you shut your eyes and ears to something, do you (a) pay attention to it, or (b) refuse to pay attentionto it?Language in useBe it / they ...1 Rewrite the sentences using Be it / they …1 Whether it’s Christmas or any other occasion, people like to spend some quality time with their families.Be it at Christmas or on any other occasion, people like to spend some quality time with their families.2 Wheth er it’s in good ways or bad, the world has changed in recent years. Be it in good ways or bad, the world has changed in recent years.3 Whether it’s with a feast or a humble meal, people celebrate festivals in the same way around the world.Be it with a feast or a humble meal, people celebrate festivals in the same way around the world.4 Whether children are good or naughty, they are blessings.Be they good or naughty, children are blessings.5 Whether they are scholars or ordinary people, they cannot stop the world fromgetting smaller.Be they scholars or ordinary people, they cannot stop the world from getting smaller.fronting2 Rewrite the sentences using fronting.1 It is not surprising that Christmas has become a global festival.That Christmas has become a global festival is not surprising.2 It may be justified that scholars have expressed concern about the influence of Christmas.That scholars have expressed concern about the influence of Christmas may be justified.3 It’s no different from our ancestors’ enjoying breaks that we enjoy an occasion to relax today.That we enjoy an occasion to relax today is no different from our ancestors’ enjoying breaks.Unit 8 High days and holidays2744 It is the reason we celebrate Christmas that most of the world follows the Gregorian calendar.That most of the world follows the Gregorian calendar is the reason we celebrate Christmas.5 It is something we need to remember that decadence is not the sole preserve of the West.That decadence is not the sole preserve of the West is something we need to remember.6 It is something we should not forget that Jesus was born in the East. That Jesus was born in the East is something we should not forget.as3 Rewrite the sentences using as .1 The men, because they want to please their wives, leave them to sleep and go out to meet friends.The men, as they want to please their wives, leave them to sleep and go out to meet friends.2 In the same way as people did all over Russia, they enjoyed blinis and champagne. They enjoyed blinis and champagne as people did all over Russia.3 On International Women’s Day, because it’s important to buy flowers for the women in your life, theflower sellers were doing a busy trade.On International Women’s Day, as it’s important to buy flow ers for the women in your life, the flowersellers were doing a busy trade.4 In the same way as women do all over the world, a Soviet woman starts her day by getting the childrenready for school.A Soviet woman starts her day by getting the children ready for school as women do all over the world.collocations4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the collocation box.Sometimes more than one collocation is possible.1 You shouldn’t sneak up on people like that. You scared me!2 A festival can be a really difficult time if you are feeling down in the dumps because everyone elseseems to be enjoying themselves when you’re not.3 Notting Hill Carnival had very humble beginnings but it is now one of Britain’s biggest festivals.4 You can sneak a preview of his new movie on the Internet.5 It was really mean of him to dump his girlfriend in a Christmas card.6 Festivals have their charm, even if you are not religious.7 The party was a bit boring so we sneaked away when no one was looking.8 After a while living in a big city began to lose its charm.9 We ate a very humble meal of bread and cheese sitting in the park and watching the May Day parade.10 I wish you could sneak me into your suitcase so that I could come with you!5 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 On International Women’s Day, Soviet women bask in their menfolk’slove and gratitude. In themorning, as it is a holiday, they lounge in bed instead of going out to work. Their husbands, with muchcursing and c lattering of pans, cook breakfast for the family; by ten o’clock they proudly serve theirHigh days and holidays Unit 8275wives a charred and shrivelled egg. Beside the woman’s plate will be a bunch of flowers and a little gift,a bottle of scent perhaps, or a pair of tights, which she will exclaim over until the children, scarlet withfury, insist that their mother makes them their proper breakfast. (☞pans 在原文中其实泛指厨房里的物件，译成汉语时应为“锅碗瓢盆”。