Vocabulary Tree
单词英语vocabulary
单词英语vocabularyVocabulary is the cornerstone of language proficiency. It's the building blocks that allow us to express our thoughts and ideas with clarity and precision.Expanding one's vocabulary not only enhances communication skills but also opens up a world of literature and knowledge. Each new word is like a key that unlocks a treasure trove of understanding.Learning new words is an ongoing journey, not a destination. It requires practice, curiosity, and a willingness to explore the nuances of language. Reading widely, engaging in conversations, and using new words in context are all effective strategies.The power of vocabulary is evident in its ability to enrich our lives. It allows us to describe the beauty of a sunset, the complexity of emotions, and the intricacies of science with eloquence.However, it's not just about knowing more words; it's about knowing how to use them correctly. Proper usage of vocabulary can elevate the quality of our writing and speaking, making our messages more impactful.In the digital age, with access to countless resources, there's no excuse for a limited vocabulary. Apps, onlinecourses, and language games make learning new words fun and interactive.Remember, the more words you know, the more you can convey. So, let's embrace the challenge of vocabulary building and watch our language skills flourish.。
Vocabulary of Latin English拉丁语字典
3. verticil lus (vertici llate;wh orled) 轮生 4. folium simplex (simple leaf) 单 叶 5. folium composit um (compoun d leaf) 复叶 6. trifolit us (trifoli ate) 三 小叶 7. pinnatus composit um (pinnate ly compound ) 羽状复 叶
10. pectinat us (pectina te) 篦状 深裂
11. lyratus (lyrate) 琴状分裂 12. runcinat us (runcina te) 倒向 羽裂
叶பைடு நூலகம் Nervus (Vein)
1. costa media (midrib or midvein) 主脉 2. nerri laterale s (lateral vein or nerves) 侧脉 3. vina (veinlet s or nervules ) 小脉
6. frutex scandens (scanden t shrub) 藤灌
1. terrestr is (terrest rial)陆 生 2. aquaticu s (aquatic ) 水生 3. epiphyti cus (epiphyt ic)附生 植物 4. saprophy ticus (saproph ytic) 腐 生植物 1. annuus (annual) 一年生植 物
Vocabula ry of Botany both in Latin and English
1. arbor (tree) 乔木
2. frutex (shrub) 灌木
3. suffrute x (subshru b)亚灌木
Vocabulary list
Vocabulary listACollapsible 可折叠，可拆的Stroll 漫步，闲逛，巡回演出Giggle 傻笑Draw 画，拉，逼平，平局Grin 露齿而笑Grim 冷酷，糟糕，残忍的Jog 慢跑，缓步前进Expedition 探险队Pinned 用针别住，被压制Bagged 喝醉，松弛的Grievance 申诉，抱怨，委屈Doctored医生，博士，篡改，伪造Pioneer倡导，先驱Rough 粗糙，不平的，艰苦Tough 艰苦，困难，不屈不挠Opponent 对手Die死亡dies 第三人称单数died过去式/过去分词dying现在分词dead无生命，呆板，废弃了的(adj) death 死亡（n)Lie躺，说谎，位于，展现lied过去式/过去分词（说谎) lie/lay/lain（躺）lying说谎的、躺着的Grief 悲伤，忧伤，不幸Patriotism 爱国主义Perfectionism 完美主义Relieve 使轻松，宽慰，代替，替下Statement 陈诉，声明，账单，报表Appease平息，安慰，姑息Muddy使沾上烂泥，使（形势）显得扑朔迷离，灰暗，暗淡Stall 货摊，熄火，拖延，推迟Subject to 经受staple 主食，主要食品，主要的BElite/ei’li;t/精华Disposed 有某种健康状态的，有倾向的，打算做，处理，配置，使适应Narrative 叙述文，叙述Pasty 面团Caption说明文字，字幕Stalk悄悄跟踪（be stalked by)高视阔步地走（stalked out of）Threshold 开始Texture 质地，文理plague 瘟疫，灾难，使痛苦Conserve 保护，保藏in essence 本质上Of the essence 极其重要的Shatter 打碎Umpire/Referee 裁判员，证明人。
Vampire 吸血鬼Stamp 跺脚Presume 推定，假设，假定，擅自行事presume on 利用Fracture 裂缝，裂痕Exotic 外来的Absurd 慌缪的Stereo 立体声Smash 打破，粉碎Stern 严厉的，严格，船尾Census 人口普查Repay 归还，报答（You should repay the principal and interest) Principle原则，原理，法则Principal主要的、资本的、校长、本金interest 兴趣爱好利息CGlare 刺眼Blaze 燃烧，发出光辉 Dazzle 眼花，炫目Glitter闪光，灿烂的光辉 lieutenant陆军中尉/leftenant/Conserve（为避免浪费而保存）用于人实力，精力，体力或自然资源Preserve（为避免破坏而保存）用于物Reserve（留到以后再讨论，公布）用于意见，权利Contrive 设计，图谋 Exposure暴露Reduction 还原，减少，规约，改遍（cost reduction降低成本）Preclude排除，妨碍，阻止，杜绝 clud 关闭Accommodation 住宿Marsh 沼泽，湿地Patron 赞助人Sponsor赞助人，主办方，赞助（动词）Introverted内向的 Idle away 浪费光阴，虚度时间Idle闲置，懒散，无所事事的Forwarded转递，转发Second秒，支持（动词）赞成Nomination 提名，任命Nationals侨民Ancient 古代的，古老的 Ancients 古人 Finals决赛Bent low蹲低Bent爱好，嗜好，弯曲的，决心的Struck撞上，罢工 Black out 停止，中断，灭灯熄火Pale 苍白的 Violation违反，犯规，强奸 Niece侄女Have a blast 玩的开心Trash垃圾，废物 Hang around 闲逛，徘徊Hang out 挂出，闲荡 Discern识别，领悟，认识lust性欲，渴望Stripper脱衣舞女Best man /groomsman 男伴郎 Expired 过期的Antique古老，年代久远，过时的 Adorable 可爱，可敬的，令人尊重的Starvation饿死，挨饿 Grand 宏伟，豪华，极其重要的 Industry 产业，工业，勤勉DWholesale批发的，大规模的Elaborate详细的，苦心经营的Auditor 审计员，旁听生Pretension自负，要求，主张，借口Rust锈，生锈，腐蚀Blunder 做错事，失误 Precise精确地Assessor评审员，顾问 Asset资产，优点，有利的东西Assert维护，断言，宣称，主张 Metal 金属 Despair失望，绝望Stream小溪 Clap 拍手，鼓掌 Clasp紧握，握住Refuse拒绝，垃圾Escort护送，护卫者Ferment发酵，动乱Produce 生产，农产品Protest抗议，断言Transfer转学，调动Abstract 抽象，提取 Extract提取，提取物Excuse借口，原谅Grief 悲痛 Grieve 感到悲痛 shelve搁置，介意，留存，放下Bleed流血Separate使分开，分离Advisability 明确，适当，可劝性 Leakage渗漏missionary传教的，传教士 Consulate领事的 Electorate选民Bureaucracy官僚主义 Refugee难民 Refuge避难所Bribery受贿，行贿 Embroidery刺绣，刺绣品，粉刺Knighthood骑士身份/精神Handful少数，一把手Bashful 害羞，腼腆的Sightseeing观光，旅游的 Capitalist 资本家，资本主义者Pessimistic/gloomy/negative消极，悲观的Optimistic/hopeful/positive 积极，乐观的Racist种族主义者 Formality礼节，正式手续 Piglet小猪仔Jewelry 珠宝Starlet小星星，小明显 Brace支持，打起精神Ownership所有权Penalty 罚款，罚金，处罚Silverware/Glassware银/玻璃器皿Grass草坪Hardware 硬件，计算机硬件Ware器具，商品，物质 Jacket夹克（高级晚宴西服） Taboo禁止，忌讳的I’m loaded我很有钱Politic精明，狡猾，有策略的Politics政治的 bure(n)煤矿EGoof around消磨时间，随便玩玩 Senior 高级的，资格较老的Gross总的，粗鲁的，恶心的Girlie(n)少女（adj)色情的娘娘腔Undo it 收回，撤回Throw up 收起，呕吐Unload 摆脱...负担，倾销，御货Clarify 澄清，阐明Bummed不高兴，烦恼的Miracle奇迹Contraction收缩，紧缩Be identical to 与..相同Scarce 缺少，稀少的，罕见Rarer 更稀少，更珍贵Rarely 很少，难得，罕有的Cliff悬崖，绝壁Fiscal 财政的，会计，国库的Foul 犯规，邪恶的，污秽的Definite一定，确切的(adj) Definitely清楚，当然地（adv)DefinitivelyBully欺负，欺凌弱小者，很，十分（adv) 决定性的，明确的Penal 刑事，刑法的Penalty罚款罚金，处罚 Sterling纯正，英制的Belief相信，信赖，信仰Austerity紧缩，苦行，朴行 Parade游行，炫耀，检阅 Err犯错，做错，犯罪 Neat整洁，灵巧，优雅的Bravo喝彩，亡命徒 Fortune 命运，财富 Bum流浪汉，无价值，乞讨FBenediction祝福，赐福，恩赐Converge汇聚Wrench猛扭，扭伤Impart传授Revere尊敬Generate产生，发生Stumble 绊脚，结巴地 Stump使--为难 Mercury水银Prominent卓越的 Speculate推测，思索 Quench 熄灭，平息Burglary入室抢劫 Maneuver机动，调遣，策略，手法Perpetual永久的Imitate 模仿Intimate亲密，个人的Ill-considered不考虑的 ill-being 不健康 ill-spent浪费ill-time 不合适的 A festival of 十分喜爱Resignation辞职 Representative 美国众议会员Wireless无线的Issue发布，问题Sign up 签约，登记Drastically大幅度的Text 短信 Implication 暗示，含义，牵连 By implication 含蓄的Solitary隐居的Turn down 拒绝 Legacy遗产Precious little 非常少Empire王国 Proceed处理 Copyright版权Indefinitely无限期的 Circuit巡回法庭Derivative衍生的Successive连续的，继承的，依次的Sniff out 发现，寻找 illegitimate不合法，违规的 Attribute特性Suspend 暂停Sophisticated精密，尖端的，复杂，久经世故的Constant持久不变的 Envelope信封 Sexuality性别，性欲，性征 Widow 寡妇 Continuous持续的Foxy狡猾的GAggressive 侵略的，有进取心的 Discreet谨慎的，慎重的Indefinitely 无限期的，不明确的Definitive最可靠的，决定性的，最后，限定的Retention 保持力 Refresh恢复，精力充沛Inertia不活动，惰性，惯性Magnitude重要性，重大Submit to 屈从，服从 Submit oneself to 遵守 Security安全，保障，抵押品Succeeding以后，随后的 Redundant多余的Trivial细小的Versatile多才多艺，万能的Massive厚重，大块的，大量的Intact完整无缺的Exempt免除，豁免（责任，付款等）Mass块，团，群众，民众，大量In a dilemma处于两难的Perplexity困惑，混乱Bewilderment混乱，迷乱 Suspend推迟，延缓，暂停 Pause暂停Convene召集，开会，集会 Subsidy津贴，补助金Distinct明确，不同的，清楚地 A distinct favor 独特的风味Appraisal估计，估量，评价Comic 喜剧的，滑稽的Instantaneous瞬间，即刻的 Nine out of ten things 十之八九的事Distinct差别 Treatment治疗，疗法，处理，对待 Molecule分子Fray 磨损 A host of许多 Component组成的Opponent对手 Considerably显著地，相当的 Nasty令人讨厌的Best bet（口语）最好的方法 Devise设计，想出 Revise修订Mortal终有一死的 Immortal不朽的，长生的 Weary疲倦的Greet欢迎，迎接，致敬 Lower降低 Explanation解释，说明HBillboard广告牌Authority当局Turn oneself in自首Elusive难懂，逃避，难找的Exclusive 独有，排外，专一的Multiply增加Multiplier乘数Agent代理人，警探Credit...to把--归功于Credit信誉，信贷，学分Feature特征，特色，特点，展示Association协会Populated居住于Nephew侄子Niece侄女Perpetually永恒的，永久的Nagging唠叨Resemble像Assemble聚集，集合Criminal罪犯Shed摆脱 Bid尝试，努力Approach接触Affluent富裕的Collectively共同的Well-off富有Threshold入口，门槛，开始Occupy占据Account for 占Inaugurate创新，开辟，开创，举行就职典礼Imprisonment关押，坐牢Proclaim宣告，宣明，宣布 Summon up 鼓起勇气Madden狂怒，激怒Precedent先例，范例，惯例Immune from免除的Divine神授的，天赐Contempt轻视Hold in contempt轻视，不削一顾Mortgage抵押Consistently持续的Recession经济衰退Default违约paradox矛盾Breed酿成，造成，饲养，繁殖Devotion贡献Bust破产，倒闭Curb抑制Chaos混乱Transparency透明度Bubble泡沫Discourage阻止Speculation投机Blunder 错误Sobering使人清醒的Anticipate 预料Sustain 保持Devastating破坏性的Journalist记者IExecutive主管 Execute（execution)执行，处死 Cynical愤世嫉俗，怀疑的Rating等级，评定结果 Prevail流行，盛行 Undermine侵蚀，暗中破坏Shun避开，躲开 Judiciously明断的 Backdrop背景Flow from 源于 Cult崇拜 Prescription开处方Stagger吃惊的 Stun震惊，打晕 Prescribe开药，规定Retreat撤退 Corporate企业 Rational理性的Unmoored失去控制的 Meltdown崩溃 Artificial人造的Sheer陡峭的，透明的 Pastime娱乐，消遣。
《Vocabulary》课件
详细描述
英语学习APP或在线课程提供了便捷的学习 方式，学习者可以根据自己的时间安排进行 学习。这些平台通常拥有丰富的课程内容， 包括词汇、语法、听力和口语等方面的练习 。此外，许多平台还提供个性化学习体验， 根据学习者的学习情况和进度调整教学内容
，提高学习效果。
THANKS
感谢观看
02
CATALOGUE
词汇分类与构成
词汇分类
名词
表示事物名称的词，如 “apple”、“book”。
形容词
描述事物性质或状态的词 ，如“big”、 “beautiful”。
介词
表示事物之间关系的词， 如“in”、“on”。
动词
表示动作或行为的词，如 “run”、“write”。
副词
描述动作或状态的方式或 程度的词，如“quickly”
详细描述
将新学的词汇放入句子或段落中，通过理解 整个语境来加深对词汇的印象。这种方法有 助于理解词汇的用法和搭配，提高词汇的运 用能力。例如，在学习“vocabulary”时 ，可以将其放入句子“I need to improve my vocabulary”中，以更好地理解其含义 。
反复复习法
总结词
、“happily”。
连词
连接词句或从句的词，如 “and”、“but”。
词汇构成
01
02
03
简单词
由单一的词根构成的词， 如“dog”、“cat”。
派生词
由词根加上前缀或后缀构 成的词，如“unhappy” 、“happiness”。
复合词
由两个或多个词根构成的 词，如“bookcase”、 “blackboard”。
定期回顾已学过的词汇，通过反复巩固来加深记忆。
英语知识树手抄报六年级上册内容
英语知识树手抄报六年级上册内容全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1English Knowledge Tree Handwritten Report: 6th Grade First SemesterHi friends! For my latest handwritten report project, I got to explore all the awesome English topics we're learning about in 6th grade. Get ready for an epic journey through the English knowledge tree!First up, we've been digging deep into reading comprehension skills. We've learned tons of strategies for understanding passages from all kinds of books, magazines, websites, and more. Like using context clues to figure out tricky vocabulary words. Or identifying the main idea and supporting details in a text. We even learned about making inferences - reading between the lines to grasp the deeper meaning!Another major area we covered is grammar and sentence structure. We reviewed basic parts of speech like nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. But we also tackled more advanced concepts. Like how to properly use relative pronouns (which, that,who, etc.) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) in complex sentences. Let me tell you, embedding clauses within clauses is no joke! We also studied verb tenses in-depth, from simple present to present perfect continuous. Whew, my brain got a workout on those lessons.Speaking of verbs, we had a whole unit on the massively important skill of verb patterns and complements. We learned how some verbs are followed by gerunds (ex: "I enjoy reading"), while others take infinitives ("I decided to read"). Then there are verbs that can be followed by either, with a different meaning ("I remembered to read" vs "I remembered reading"). Complements were tough too - distinguishing between direct objects, subject complements, and object complements. But now I'm a pro at identifying verb patterns in sentences!Our vocabulary studies took us on a word journey like no other. We explored root words, prefixes, and suffixes from languages like Greek and Latin. Using that knowledge to decipher definitions of unfamiliar words. We also learned tons of common idioms and phrasal verbs used in English (talk about confusing at first!). And of course, we expanded our overall word power by studying Academic Word Lists filled with tier 2 and 3 vocabulary.Then there was the writing, writing, and more writing! We practiced every form of composition: narrative stories, persuasive essays, research reports, and more. We focused on the entire writing process from brainstorming to drafting to revising and editing. We worked hard on developing our voice and increasing our descriptive writing skills. One of my favorite assignments was writing a vivid personal narrative about a meaningful life experience.I can't forget about the awesomeness that was our poetry unit! We read works from classic poets like Shakespeare and modern poets too. We analyzed poems, interpreting metaphors and other figurative language. We even got to write our own poems, from free verse to haikus and more. Poet extraordinaire, that's me!This year has been a true test of our collaboration and media literacy abilities too. We often worked in groups to create multimedia projects like videos, presentations, and brochures. Along the way, we evaluated the credibility and accuracy of sources big time.I could ramble about the dozens of grammar, literary, and language arts topics we studied for ages! But I'll leave you with just one more - my new love for etymology and word origins.Learning the history and evolution of vocabulary from Old English, Latin, Greek and beyond is endlessly fascinating.Whew, that was a marathon overview! The 6th grade English knowledge tree is truly a marvel, with infinite paths to explore. While the journey was challenging, I feel like a more knowledgeable reader, writer, speaker, and linguistic learner overall. I can't wait to see what new heights await in 7th grade! Thanks for joining me to learn about all the amazing English concepts I adventured through this year.篇2英语知识树手抄报一、英语的重要性大家好！我是小明，今天我要和大家分享一下英语的知识。
英语说教材知识树课件技术介绍
Introduction to Knowledge Tree Courseware Techniqu
contents
目录
Overview of Knowledge Tree Knowledge Tree of English Speaking Textbooks Introduction to courseware technology The production of knowledge tree courseware for English speaking textbooks
Organizational Structure: The knowledge tree's organizational structure should reflect the logical flow of information and concepts within the textbook It should provide a clear overview of the material's hierarchy and relationships
Enhanced Visual Understanding
Visual presentation in a knowledge tree can improve students' ability to grasp complex ideas and relationships It provides an intuitive perspective to help students better understand and remember.
Facilitated Vocabulary Learning
Incorporating vocabulary lists into a knowledge tree allows students to learn new words in context and see their usage in different scenarios This approach can enhance vocal retention and improve language comprehension
Vocabulary
各种水果almond杏仁apple苹果apple core苹果核apple juice苹果汁apple skin苹果皮apricot杏子apricot flesh杏肉apricot pit杏核areca nut槟榔子banana香蕉banana skin香蕉皮beechnut山毛榉坚果Beijing flowering crab海棠果bitter orange酸橙blackberry黑莓canned fruit罐头水果carambola杨桃cherry樱桃cherry pit樱桃核cherry pulp樱桃肉chestnut栗子Chinese chestnut板栗Chinese date枣Chinese gooseberry猕猴桃Chinese walnut山核桃coconut椰子coconut milk椰奶coconut water椰子汁cumquat金桔damson plum西洋李子Dangshan pear砀山梨date枣date pit枣核decayed fruit烂果downy pitch毛桃dry fruit干果duke公爵樱桃fig无花果filbert榛子flat peach蟠桃flesh果肉flesh fruit肉质果fresh litchi鲜荔枝gingko白果，银杏grape葡萄grape juice葡萄汁grape skin葡萄皮grapestone葡萄核greengage青梅Hami melon哈密瓜haw山楂果hawthorn山楂hazel榛子honey peach水蜜桃juicy peach水蜜桃jujube枣kernel仁kumquat金桔lemon柠檬litchi荔枝litchi rind荔枝皮longan桂圆，龙眼longan pulp桂圆肉，龙眼肉loguat枇杷mandarine柑桔mango芒果morello黑樱桃muskmelon香瓜，甜瓜navel orange脐橙nut坚果nut meat坚果仁nut shell坚果壳oleaster沙枣olive橄榄orange柑桔orange peel柑桔皮papaya木瓜peach桃子pear梨pineapple菠萝plum李子plumcot李杏pomegranate石榴pomelo柚子，文旦red bayberry杨梅rotten fruit烂果strawberry草莓sultana无核小葡萄tangerine柑桔walnut胡桃，核桃walnut kernel核桃仁water chestnut荸荠watermelon西瓜味道superfine特级的tinned fruit罐头水果early-maturing早熟的cold storage冷藏cold store冷藏库crisp脆的bargain price廉价seasonable应时的seedless orange无核桔special-grade特级的mature成熟的first class一等地，甲等的flavour味道fresh新鲜的fruiterer水果商fruit in bags袋装水果fruit knife水果刀fruits of the season应时水果give full weigh分量准足give short weight短斤缺两perishable易腐烂的reduced price处理价ripe成熟的unripe未成熟的late-maturing晚熟的in season应时的juicy多汁的tart酸的tender嫩的时间（年、月、季节等）century世纪；百年period时期；时代；期间year年season季节spirng春天；春季summer夏天；夏季autumn秋天；秋季winter冬天；冬季week周；星期day天；日date日期future将来；未来daytime白天；白昼morning早晨；上午A．M．/a．m．上午noon中午；正午afternoon下午P．M．/p．m．下午evening傍晚；晚上night夜晚tonight今晚time时间；次数o'clock……点钟hour小时quarter一刻钟minute分钟instant瞬间；即时moment片刻；瞬间；时刻while一段时间second秒age年龄birthday生日holiday假日；假期自然界nature大自然；自然界universe宇宙space空间；太空planet行星sky天空heaven天空；天国；天堂sun太阳moon月亮earth地球；土；泥star星satellite卫星weather天气cloud云snow雪rain雨wind风fog雾thunder雷声storm风暴；狂暴天气daylight日光；白天；黎明darkness黑暗ground地面soil土壤；土地mud泥；泥浆dust灰尘；尘土dirt污物；灰尘desert沙漠；荒地sand沙；沙地cave洞；穴；岩洞hole洞；坑；孔mountain山；（复）山脉hill小山forest森林tree树wood木头；木材；（复）树林；森林trunk树干；象鼻branch枝条；支流；部门leaf（pl．leaves）叶子pine松树root根；根茎flower花rose玫瑰花valley（山）谷；流域stone石头rock岩石；大石头plain平原；旷野grass草；草地grassland草地；牧场；草原road路；公路route路；路线roadside路边border边缘；边界edge边缘；边世界各洲、国家、城市、海洋world世界continent大陆；洲country国家nation国家；民族empire帝国kingdom王国state州；国家；政府；状态province省city城市town市镇；城镇capital首都；省会Asia亚洲Asian亚洲人China中国the People's Republic ofChina中华人民共和国Chinese中国人；汉语Japan日本Japanese日本人；日语India印度Indian印度人；印第安人；印第安语the Indian Ocean印度洋Europe欧洲European欧洲人France法国French法语Frenchman（pl．Frenchmen）法国人Paris巴黎Italy意大利Italian意大利人；意大利语Germany德国German德国人；德语Berlin柏林Britain英国；不列颠（英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰的总称）the British英国人England英格兰；（泛指）英国English英语Englishman（pl．Englishmen）英国人；英国男人London伦敦Russia俄罗斯Russian俄罗斯人；俄语America美国；美洲the United States（of America）（USA）美利坚合众国；美国American美国人Washington华盛顿Canada加拿大Canadian加拿大人Africa非洲African非洲人Arab阿拉伯Arabian阿拉伯人Oceania大洋洲Australia澳大利亚Australian澳大利亚人Antarctica南极洲（the）Atlantic大西洋the Atlantic Ocean大西洋Arctic北极the Arctic Ocean北冰洋（the）Pacific太平洋the Pacific Ocean太平洋方位direction方向；方面；指导left左；左边right右；右边centre/center中心corner角；（街道）拐角；角落crossing交叉（点）；十字路口place地方；地点；位置spot点；场所；地点side边；面top顶部；物的上面bottom底；末端end末梢；终点front前面back后面；背部；脊背east东；东方west西；西方north北；北方south南；南方农工商业agriculture农业farm农场field地；田地；领域plough/plow犁crop庄稼；收成harvest收成seed种子wheat小麦grain谷物；谷类；谷粒corn谷物；玉米cotton棉花village村庄；乡村industry工业factory工厂works工厂；工事；著作workshop车间machine机器electricity电coal煤power station发电站material原料；材料metal金属silver银gold金steel钢iron铁powder粉；粉末poison毒药；毒物；毒害ex hibition展览discovery发现invention发现speed速度trade商业；贸易；行业market市场marketplace市场bank银行hotel旅馆restaurant饭馆shop商店service服务information通知；情报；信息supply供给；补充；供给物sale销售；卖goods货物；商品income收入；所得debt债wealth财富；财产value价值；重要性；益处price价格；代价money钱；货币dollar元（美国、加拿大等国货币单位）bill账单；清单；（美）钞票；纸币tax税poster海报；招贴package包裹；包装quality质量quantity数量；量建筑住所building建筑物；房屋house房子office办公室hall会堂；大厅；礼堂room房间；空间余地dining-room餐室；食堂fence篱笆；栅栏garden花园yard院子；庭院entrance入口；入场gate大门door门roof屋顶；顶ceiling天花板；顶篷floor（室内）地；地板wall墙window窗stair（常用复数）楼梯storey（房屋的一）层pole杆；柱tower塔temple庙宇；寺院museum博物馆square广场monument纪念碑prison监狱hospital医院population人口pollution污染address住址；通讯处学习生活subject科目；主题politics政治Chinese汉语；语文English英语history历史geography地理mathematics/maths数学arithmetic算术science科学；自然科学chemistry化学physics物理biology生物art美术；文艺labour劳动school学校grade年级class班；课team队；组group组；群classroom教室seat座位line行；线row（一）排；（一）行desk书桌；课桌chair椅子blackboard黑板chalk粉笔book书cover封面dictionary词典copybook习字本；习字帖map地图paper纸pen钢笔ink墨水pencil铅笔rubber橡皮ruler尺子note笔记；注释；便条laboratory实验室ex periment实验；试验globe球状物；地球仪telescope忚远镜model模型mix ture混合物computer计算机memory记忆力；存贮器library图书馆lesson课；功课；教训tex t课文；课本topic题目；主题page页；页码sentence句子idiom成语；习惯用语phrase短语；习惯用语word词；单词；话；言词grammar语法verb动词tale传说；故事story故事；小说design图案；花样figure图形；外形；形象article文章；论文；冠词poem诗；韵文news新闻；消息message消息；信息newspaper报纸newsreel新闻影片magazine杂志lecture演讲；讲课drill操练；训练dialogue对话pronunciation发音handwriting书法composition作文diary日记homework家庭作业ex ercise练习；做操；运动problem问题；习题question问题；疑问drawing制图（指素描或工程图样）；图画ex amination考试test考查；测试race赛跑prize奖品；奖金medal奖章；纪念章education教育；培养university大学institute学院；研究所；学会college（综合大学中的）学院；高等专科学校department（大学的）系；（行政机构的）部；局；处；科term学期graduation毕业plan计划rule规则；规定name名字list名单；目录；一览表meeting会；集会notice布告；通知；注意board木板；板league联盟Youth League青年团knowledge知识language语言speech说话；发言；演说progress进步skill技能；技巧technique技术；技能technology工艺学；技术theory理论；原理practice实践；练习research研究；调查文体活动music音乐song歌曲concert音乐会violin小提琴piano钢琴television（TV）电视TV play电视剧TV program（me）电视节目TV set电视机screen幕；荧光屏radio收音机broadcast广播cinema电影院film影片；电影program（me）节目；程序club俱乐部；社团slide幻灯片tape狭带；卷尺；录音带recorder录音机record录音theater剧场；戏院scene（戏剧、电影的）一场；布景act（戏剧的）一幕ball舞会palace宫church教堂god上帝Christmas圣诞节Christmas card圣诞卡Christmas Eve圣诞节前夕（十二月二（十四日）Mery Christmas圣诞快乐joy欢乐；高兴sport运动ball球basket-ball篮球volleyball排球tennis网球table tennis乒乓球bat（网球、乒乓球的）球拍football足球match比赛；竞赛winner获胜者whistle口哨声；哨子playground操场；（儿童）游戏场balloon气球kite风筝gun枪；炮spear矛；梭镖sword剑arrow箭bow/b+u/弓park公园zoo动物园party聚会evening（联欢性的）晚会English evening英语晚会game游戏；运动；比赛joke笑话；玩笑fun有趣的事；玩笑；娱乐present礼物gift礼物toy玩具人物、职业、姓名chairman（pl．chairmen）主席leader领袖；领导人president总统emperor皇帝king国王queen女王；王后minister大臣；部长the Prime Minister首相；总理official官员noble贵族mayor市长；镇长citizen市民；公民people人；人们the people人民crowd人群mass（聚成一体的）团；块the masses群众black people黑人slave奴隶person人mankind人类human人human being人communist共产主义者secretary秘书；书记member成员League member团员Party member党员pioneer先锋Young Pioneer少年先锋队boss老板master主人；男教师servant仆人；佣人judge法官lawyer律师；法学家murderer杀人犯；凶手general将军captain陆军上尉；船长；（足球队等）队长officer军官fighter战士soldier士兵；战士hero英雄guard哨兵；警卫员enemy敌人；敌军headmaster（英）中小学校长professor教授teacher教师schoolmaster（男）教师；（小学）校长student学生schoolboy中小学男学生schoolgirl中小学女学生pupil小学生；学生classmate同班同学monitor班长comrade同志fellow（口语）人；家伙；小伙子stranger陌生人；外行visitor访问者；参观者scientist科学家ex pert专家；能手；内行physicist物理学家writer作者；作家；书写者thinker思想家speaker说话者；讲演者poet诗人manager经理；管理人engineer工程师；技师worker工人robot机器人doctor医生；博士（略作D．或Dr．）nurse护士patient病人chemist化学家；药剂师assistant助手；图书管理员shop assistant售货员salesgirl女售货员salesman（pl．salesmen）男售货员；店员artist美术家；艺术家singer歌唱家；歌手musician音乐家；作曲家pianist钢琴家driver司机；驾驶员conductor（汽车、电车上的）售票员；（火车上的）列车员passenger乘客；旅客；过路人waiter侍者；服务员astronaut宇宙航行员peasant农民farmer农夫；农场主villager村子里的居民fisherman渔夫hunter猎人weaver织布工；编织者tailor裁缝sailor海员；水手；水兵owner物主；所有人police警察部队；警察当局policeman（pl．policemen）警察thief（pl．thieves）贼spy间谍savage野人；残酷的人spirit妖怪；精神woman（pl．women）妇女；女人madam/madame女士；夫人lady女士；夫人；小姐Miss女士；小姐（对未婚妇女的称呼）man（pl．men）男人；人gentleman（pl．gentlemen）绅士；男人sir先生；阁下Mr先生（用于姓名前）Mrs夫人；太太（用于姓名前）亲属关系family家；家庭；子女home家folk人们；（口语）家属；亲属grandfather祖父；外祖父grandmother祖母；外祖母parent父（母）亲father父亲mother母亲child（pl．children）小孩；儿童baby婴儿boy男孩girl女孩son儿子daughter女儿grandson孙子；外孙子granddaughter孙女；外孙女sister姐妹brother兄；弟uncle叔；伯；舅；姨父；姑父aunt婶母；伯母；舅母；姨；姑cousin堂/表兄弟；堂/表姐妹husband丈夫wife妻子friend朋友neighbour邻居；邻人guest客人favourite特别喜欢的人或物人体部分body身体；尸体head头hair头发brain脑（子）；（常用复数）通知face脸forehead前额headache头疼eye眼睛eyesight视力sight视力；视觉；看见tear（常用复数）眼泪；泪珠nose鼻子mouth嘴lip嘴唇tooth（pl．teeth）牙齿tongue舌头；语言；口语throat喉咙voice说话声；嗓音ear耳朵hearing听；听力neck颈；脖子shoulder肩膀arm手臂；胳膊hand手finger手指nail指甲wing翅膀chest胸部heart心（脏）lung肺stomach胃；腹部waist腰；腰部tail尾巴；尾部knee膝盖leg腿foot（pl．feet）脚bone骨；骨头flesh肉；肉体skin皮肤fur（兽类的）软毛；皮毛sweat汗blood血pulse脉搏breath呼吸；气息health健康；卫生illness疾病temperature温度fever发烧medicine（内服）药operation手术；操作feeling感情hunger饿；饥饿ex pression表达；词句；表情sob呜咽；啜泣ache疼；疼痛pain疼；疼痛sorrow悲痛；遗憾suffering痛苦；苦难energy精力活力；能；能量sense感官；感觉；意义动物animal动物；牲畜beast四足动物；兽lion狮子elephant象deer（pl．deer）鹿wolf（pl．wolves）狼monkey猴子fox狐狸hare野兔bear熊snake蛇camel骆驼cattle（复数）牲畜；牛的总称cow母牛horse马pig猪sheep（pl．sheep）羊；绵羊goat山羊dog狗cat猫rat鼠mouse（pl．mice）鼠；耗子bat蝙蝠bird鸟；禽类hawk鹰sparrow麻雀cock公鸡hen母鸡chicken鸡肉；小鸡chick小鸡duck鸭子ant蚂蚁fish鱼frog蛙worm虫；蠕虫pest害虫；有害的东西bee蜜蜂交通工具way路；道路path道路；路程；小道street街道road路；公路crossing交叉（点）；十字路口track足迹；（火车等的）轨道（体）跑道rail铁轨；轨道；铁路railway铁路trip旅行；旅程journey旅行；旅程visit访问；参观station站；所；车站stop停车站airport航空站；飞机场plane飞机jet喷射；喷气发动机spaceship宇宙飞船flight航班；飞翔；飞行train火车bus公共汽车tax i出租汽车truck卡车jeep吉普车car汽车；小汽车motor发动机；马达carriage四轮马车bicycle/bike脚踏车；自行车wheel轮；车轮；机轮；轮状物boat小船；艇；小轮船ship轮船lifeboat救生艇sail帆；篷政治、军事idea思想；主意；念头Marx ism马克思主义socialism社会主义commmunism共产主义construction建设society社会；会；社团revolution革命liberation解放freedom自由republic共和国government政府law法律；法令development发展；开发poverty贫穷；缺乏friendship友谊；友好defence防御；保护army军队the PLA=the People's LiberantionArmy人民解放军troop（常用复数）军队；部队；一群rank军衔camp宿营；露营duty责任；义务；本分base基础；基地；根据地war战争battle战役；会战；战斗struggle斗争；奋斗position位置；阵地danger危险victory胜利imperialist帝国主义者imperialism帝国主义incident（政治性）事变；事件accident意外的事；事故生活用品thing东西；事情lamp灯candle蜡烛light光；灯（光）lock锁key钥匙desk课桌；书桌table桌子chair椅子bench长凳fan扇子bed床sheet被单；褥单blanket羊毛毯；毯子clock时钟watch手表glasses眼镜umbrella伞camera照相机wallet钱夹；皮夹soap肥皂brush刷子；画笔bath洗澡；澡盆shower淋浴plug插头；塞子wire（金属）线；电线curtain（窗、门）帘；幕hook钩bell铃；钟thread线string细绳；带子rope绳子net网picture图画；照片photo相片portrait肖像；画像；描写；人物描写basin水盆；面盆comb梳子mirror镜子pipe管子；导管；输送管bottle瓶vase（装饰用的）瓶；花瓶pot罐；锅；壶jar坛子；罐子；缸lid（坛子、壶等的）盖子bowl碗fork叉；餐叉knife小刀dish盘子；碟；一道菜plate盘子；碟子cup小茶杯glass玻璃；玻璃杯box盒子iron铁；铁制品；熨斗stove火炉gas气体；煤气match火柴basket篮子bag提包；口袋；书包housework家务劳动rubbish垃圾；废物ash灰；（常用复数）灰烬；灰堆dustbin垃圾箱tool工具；器具hammer铁锤；木槌nail钉子card卡片；名片letter信envelope信封stamp邮票telephone/phone电话；电话机telegram电报telegraph电报（指通讯方式）；电报机plastics塑料；塑料制品衣着A- line skirt 斜裙all-weather coat 风雨衣apparel and accessories服饰artificial fur and leather garment人造毛皮、服装bell-bottom trousers 喇叭裤blouse 女衬衫business suit 职业服Chinese style coat 中式上衣Chinese style slack中式裤cape 披风chemical fiber garment 化纤服装children’s wear 童装cotton wadded jacket/trousers 棉袄/棉裤culotte裙裤custom made 定制服装cowboy wear牛仔服down garment 羽绒服down wadded trousers羽绒裤连衣裙dress中西式大衣Eastern and Western style coat 夜礼服evening dress时装fashion喇叭裙flare skirt裘革服装fur or leather garment 猎装hunting婴儿服装infant’s wear夹克衫jacket牛仔裤jeans背心裙jumper skirt连衣裙jumpersuit灯笼裤knicherbockers斗篷mantle超短裙mini-skirt睡袍night-grown背带裙overalls吊带裙：Camisole大衣coat褶裙pleated skirt睡衣袍pijamas旗袍Qipao成衣ready- to-wear马裤ride breeches丝绸衣服silk garment筒裙straight skirt燕尾服swallow-tailed coat节裙tiered skirt西服裙skirt西裤trousers风衣trench coat背心vest新娘礼服wedding gown女式服装women’s wear毛呢服装woolen garment劳动保护服working wear青年装young men ‘s jacket中山装zhong Shan jacket滑雪衫Anorakcloth布；布料silk丝织品；绸；丝clothes衣服clothing（总称）衣服；衣着suit一套（衣服）hat帽子（一般指有边的帽子）cap帽子dress女服；（统指）衣服（尤指外衣）coat外套；上衣jacket上衣overcoat大衣pocket（衣）口袋sleeve衣袖；袖套tie领带shirt（男式）衬衫trousers（pl．）长裤skirt女裙train拖裙（长袍拖曳在地上的部分）stocking长统袜rag抹布；破布shoe鞋boot长统靴handkerchief手帕；手绢necklace项链；项目jewel宝石ring环；圈；戒指size尺寸；大小design图案；花样colour颜色量词quantity量；数量plenty充足；大量plenty of充足的；相当多的deal量；数额a great/good deal（of）大量（的）number数；数字；数量a number of许多；若干dozen一打（十二个）dozens of几十；许多score二十（单复同）scores of许多sort种类；类别sort of一种all sorts of各种各样的kind种类a kind of一种；某种all kinds of各种各样的part部分a part of一部分type类型；样式type of一种式样piece张（片、块……）；（文艺作品）首；篇a piece of（bread/cake/music）一片（面包）/一块（蛋糕）/一首（曲子）sheet纸张；薄片a sheet of（paper）一张（纸）pair一对儿；一双a pair of（shoes）一双（鞋）block大块（石头、木头等）a block of（wood）一大块木头group组；群；团体a group of一组/群drop滴；点滴a drop of（water）一滴（水）pile堆a pile of（rubbish）一堆（垃圾）percent百分之……length长；长度inch英寸foot（pl．feet）英尺mile英里metre/meter米kilometre/kilometer千米weight重量pound磅ton（重量单位）吨moner钱；货币pound镑指示代词this这；这个that那；那个these这些those那些基数词zero零one一two二three三four四five五six六seven七eight八nine九ten十eleven十一twelve十二thirteen十三fourteen十四fifteen十五six teen十六seventeen十七eighteen十八nineteen十九twenty二十twenty-one二十一thirty三十forty四十fifty五十six ty六十seventy七十eighty八十ninety九十hundred一百thousand千million百万dozen十二个；一打score二十序数词first第一second第二third第三fourth第四fifth第五six th第六seventh第七eighth第八ninth第九tenth第十eleventh第十一twelfth第十二thirteenth第十三fourteenth第十四fifteenth第十五six teenth第十六seventeenth第十七eighteenth第十八nineteenth第十九twentieth第二十twenty-first第二十一thirtieth第三十fortieth第四十fiftieth第五十six tieth第六十seventieth第七十eightieth第八十ninetieth第九十hundredth第一百Adjectives（形容词）able有能力的；能干的absent缺席的；缺少的active积极的actual实际的；现实的advanced先进的；高级的afraid（用作表语）怕；害怕alone（用作表语）单独的angry发怒的；生气的another再一（个，……）；又（个，……）anx ious渴忚的；忧虑的；焦急的any什么；一些；任何的asleep（用作表语）睡着的；熟睡的awake（用作表语）醒着的back后面的bad坏的；（食物等）腐败的beautiful美丽的；优美的best最好的better更好的big大的black黑色的blind瞎的blue蓝色的born天生的brave勇敢的bright明亮的；耀眼的；聪明的；伶俐的broad宽的；广阔的blown褐色的；棕色的busy忙的；繁忙的calm平静的；沉着的careful小心的；仔细的careless粗心；漫不经心的centigrade百分度的；摄氏温度计的certain某种；一定的cheap廉价的；便宜的chemical化学的clear清楚的；清晰的clever机灵的；聪明的cloudy多云的；阴天的cold冷的；寒冷的colourful颜色丰富的；艳丽的comfortable舒适的；安逸的common普通的；一般的complete完全的；彻底的connected连结的；有联系的constant继续不断的；忠实的cool凉快的correct正确的；恰当的cruel残忍的；残酷的daily每日的；日常的dangerous危险的dark黑暗的dead死的deaf聋的dear亲爱的；昂贵的；高价的deep深的；深切的；深厚的different不同的；差异的difficult难的；困难的direct笔直的；直接的；正面的dirty脏的disappointed失忚的discouraged泄气的；失去信心的distant远的；稀疏的double两倍的；双的dry干的；干燥的dying垂死的；临终的eager渴忚的；热切的easy容易的elder年长的electric电的；用电的empty空的enough足够的；充分的entire整个的；完全的；全部的every每一；每个的everyday每日的；日常的ex act精确的；正确的；严格的ex cellent极好的；优秀的ex cited兴奋的；激昂的ex citing令人兴奋的；使人激动的ex pensive昂贵的ex tra额外的；特别的fair（头发）浅色的；金黄色的famous著名的fat远的far肥胖的fearless不怕的；无畏的few少数的；最终的final最后的；美好的fine好的；美好的firm牢固的；稳固的；坚决的flat平的；扁平的；平伸的fond喜爱的；爱好的foolish愚蠢的；傻的；笨的foreign外国的fortunate幸运的free空闲的；自由的freezing极冷的；冻结的frequently时常发生的；频繁的fresh无经验的；不熟练的friendly友好的full满的funny滑稽可笑的；古怪的gentle柔和的；轻柔的glad高兴的；乐意的good好的grand庄严的；伟大的great伟大的；重大的；（口语）美妙的green绿色的grey/gray灰色的；灰白色的handsome（一般指男子）漂亮的；清秀的happy高兴的；幸福的harmful有害的harmless无害的healthy健康的；健壮的heavy重的helpful有帮助的；有益的honest诚实的；正直的hopeless没有希忚的；绝忚的hot热的huge巨大的hungry饥饿的ill病的important重要的impossible不可能的inspiring鼓舞人心的interested感兴趣的；关心的interesting有趣的；引起兴趣的international国际的；世界的invisible看不见的kind和蔼的；友爱的lame跛的；瘸的large大的；巨大的last最后的；刚刚过去的late迟的；晚的lazy懒惰的lean瘦的least最小的；最少的left左；左边的less（little的比较级）更少的；较少的light轻的；明亮的；淡色的little小的lively生动的；活泼的；有生气的living活的；活着的lonely孤独的；荒凉的long长的low低的；浅的；矮的lower低级的；在下边的lucky幸运的；侥幸的mad发疯的；疯狂的main主要的man-made人造的；人工的many许多的；多的medical医学的；医疗的merry欢乐的；愉快的middle中间的；中等的mistaken弄错的；错误的modern现代化的modest谦虚的；谨慎的moral道德（上）的；道义的；精神上的more（much或many的比较级）更多的；较多的much许多；多；大量的narrow狭窄的national国家的；民族的native本国的；本土的natural自然界的；天然的；生来的nearby附近的neat整洁的；整齐的；灵巧的necessary必需的；必要的nervous神经质的new新的nex t下一个；紧接（后面）的；其次nice好的；好看的normal正常的；正规的；标准的northern北方的；北部的old旧的；年老的；……岁的opposite对面的；相对的；相反的ordinary普通的other别的；其他的outer外部的own自己的pale苍白的；灰白的；淡的perfect极好的；完美的physical物理的pleasant令人愉快的；舒适的pleased高兴的poisonous有毒的；有害的polite有礼貌的political政治的poor可怜的；贫穷的；不好的popular大众的；流行的；受欢迎的possible可能的powerful有力的；强大的practical实际的；应用的pretty漂亮的；美丽的proper适当的；本来的；正确的proud骄傲的；自豪的public公共的；公众的pure纯的quick快的；迅速的quiet安静的；平静的rapid快的；迅速的ready准备好的；有准备的real真的reasonable有道理的；合情合理的recent新近的；近来的red红色的revolutionary革命的rich有钱的；富裕的；丰富的right对的；正确的；右边的round圆的；圆形的rude无礼的；粗鲁的sad难过的；悲哀的safe安全的；平安的salty有盐味的；有海洋味的same同一的scientific科学的；合乎科学的serious严重的；严肃的several几；若干shabby破旧的；蹩脚的shallow浅的；肤浅的sharp锋利的；尖的short短的；矮的shy害羞的sick患病的；恶心的silent沉默的silly傻的；糊涂的simple单纯的；简易的；朴素的single单一的；单个的slight轻微的；微小的；少量的slow慢的small小的smooth光滑的；平静的socialist社会主义的soft软的；柔和的some一些sorry难过的；对不起的southern南方的；南部的spare空闲的；多余的special特别的；特殊的；专门的splendid灿烂的；辉煌的；（口语）极好的strange奇怪的；陌生的strict严格的strong强壮的；坚强的；坚固的；强有力的stupid愚蠢的；笨的sudden突然的；忽然的；意想不到的sunny晴朗的；阳光充足的sure确信的；有把握的sweet甜的tall高的technical技术的；技能的；工艺的terrible可怕的；感到极不舒服的thankful感激的；感谢的thick厚的；浓的thin瘦的；薄的thirsty口渴的thorough彻底的；非常精确的；（对细节）不厌其烦的tight不松动的；牢固的tiny极小的；微小的tired疲劳的；累的tiresome使人疲劳的；讨厌的；令人厌倦的total总的；全体的tough强硬的；粗暴的；结实的；困难的troublesome令人烦恼的；讨厌的；管不住的true真实的；真的ugly丑陋的；难看的unfair不公平的unfit不合适的；不胜任的united统一的；联合的unknown不为人所知的；不出名的upper上面的；较高的；上级的useful有用的；有益的usual通常的；平常的valuable值钱的；有价值的；有用的various各种各样的；多方面的warm暖和的warm-hearted热情的；亲切的weak弱的；差的well-known出名的；众所周知的western西的；西方的wet湿的white白色的whole整个的wide宽阔的；广泛的wild野生的；野的willing愿意的；乐意的windy有风的；风大的wise聪明的；英明的；有见识的wonderful极好的；精彩的wooden木（制）的worried焦虑的；烦恼的；担忧的worse（bad的比较级）更坏的；更差的worst（bad的最高级）最坏的；最恶劣的worth值得……的；有……的价值的worthy有价值的；配得上的；相称的wounded受伤的wrong错误的；有毛病的yellow黄颜色的young年轻的Verbs（动词）accept vt．￡vi．承认；接受ache vi．痛；疼痛achieve vt．完成；获得（胜利等）vi．取得预期效果act vi．行动；做；做事vt．扮演（角色）add vt．加；增加vt．又说；补充说admire vt．钦佩；羡慕；赞美agree vt．￡vi．同意；赞成allow vt．准许（做某事）；允许；听任am（was，been）vi．是announce vt．宣告；宣布；发表answer vt．回答appear vi．出现；显得；好像are（were，been）vi．是arrive vi．到达；抵达某地ask vt．￡vi．问；请astonish vt．使惊讶attend vt．出席；参加awake（awoke，awoken）vt．唤醒；使醒vi．醒be vi．是；成为beat（beat，beaten）vi．（心脏等）跳动vt．￡vi．敲打become（became，become）vi．变得；成为beg（begging）vt．￡vi．请求；乞求begin（began，begun）（beginning）vi．￡vt．开始believe vt．￡vi．相信；认为belong vi．属；附属bend（bent，bent）vt．使弯曲vi．弯曲；屈身blow（blew，blown）vt．￡vi．吹vi．￡vt．爆炸；爆裂boil vi．￡vt．；（使水或其他液体）沸腾；（水）开borrow vt．借bow/bau/ vi．￡vt．鞠躬；屈服break （broke，broken）vt．打破breathe vi．￡vt．呼吸bring（brought，brought）vt．带来broadcast（broadcast，broadcast）vt．￡vi．（用无线电或电视）广播；播送brush vt．刷；擦；掸；拂vi．擦过build（built，built）vt．￡vi．建设；建立；建造burn（burnt，burnt或bruned，burned）vi．￡vt．燃烧burst（burst，burst）vi．破裂；爆炸；突然发作vt．（使）破裂；冲破；突破bury vt．埋葬buy（bought，bought）vt．买call vt．喊叫；称呼；打电话给can（could）v．aux．能care vi．￡vt．关心；留心；照顾carry vt．运送；手提；肩挑cast（cast，cast）vt．￡ vi．投掷catch（caught，caught）vt．捉；抓住vi．接住；抓住celebrate vt．庆祝；歌颂change vt．￡ vi．改换；改变vt．兑换cheat vt．骗；骗取check vt．检查；核对cheer vt．￡vi．欢呼；高呼choke vi．￡vt．哽；噎；阻塞choose（chose，chosen） vi．￡vt．选择circle vi．环绕；盘旋clean vt．擦干净；把……弄干净climb vt．￡vi．爬；攀登close vt．关collect vt．收集；搜集 vi．聚集come（came，come）vi．来comfort vt．安慰；使舒适command vt．￡vi．指挥；命令conclude vt．￡vi．推断出；断定connect vt．￡vi．连接；相通；衔接consider vt．考虑；把……看作；认为continue vi．￡vt．继续；连续control vt．控制；支配cook vi．烹调；煮；烧copy vt．抄写；誊写cost（cost，cost） vi．值（多少钱）cough vi．咳嗽count vt．￡vi．点；数；计数cover vt．盖；铺cross vt．越过；穿过cry vi．哭；叫喊dance vi．跳舞dare v．aux敢；敢于deal（dealt，dealt）vt．分配；分派vi．处理；应付decide vi．￡vt．下决心；决定defeat vt．击败；（使）挫折defend vt．保卫delay vt．￡vi．延迟；耽搁；延误demand vt．要求；需要；查问depend vi．依靠；依赖；信赖；依……而定；取决于destroy vt．破坏；毁坏develop vt．￡ vi．发展；开发devote vt．专心；献身die vi．死dig（dug，dug）vt．￡vi．挖；掘disappear vi．消失；消散discover vt．发现；看出；暴露；显示vi．有所发现discuss vt．讨论dive vi．跳水；潜水；俯冲divide vt．￡vi．分；分开；分裂do（did，done）vt．做 v．aux．（构成疑问句及否定句用的助动词，无词义）drag（dragging）vt．￡vi．拉；拖draw（drew，drawn）vt．￡vi．画；绘制；拉；牵；引出drink（drank，drunk）vt．￡vi．喝drive（drove，driven）vt．￡vi．驱赶；驾驶（马车、汽车等）drop（dropping）vt．使滴下；使落下vi．滴下；落下dry vt．使干 vi．变干eat（ate，eaten）vt．吃elect vt．选举；推选encourage vt．鼓励enjoy vt．喜欢；享受……的乐趣enter vt．进入；参加；使加入envy vt．羡慕；忌妒equip （equipping）vi．装备；配备ex amine vt．检查；诊察ex cite vt．使兴奋；使激动；引起ex cuse /iks'kju:z/ vt．原谅ex ist vi．存在；生存ex pect vt．期忚；预期；（口语）以为；料想ex plain vt．￡vi．解释；说明ex press vt．表示；表达fail vi失败；不及格fall（fell，fallen）vi．落下；跌倒fear vi．￡vt．害怕；恐惧feed（fed，fed）vt．喂（养）；饲（养）feel（felt，felt）vi．感觉vt．摸；感知fight（fought，fought）vi．￡vt．打仗/架；与……打仗/架fill vt．装满；填充find（found，found）vt．￡vi．找到；发现finish vt．完成；结束fire vt．开火；射击；（口语）解雇fit（fitting）vt．￡vi．适合；合身；使（适合）；（使）符合；（使）配合；安装fix vt．修理；安装flee（fled，fled）vi．逃走；消散vt．避开；逃避float vi．￡vt．（使）漂浮；飘动flow vi．流；流动fly（flew，flown）vi．飞；飞行vt．放（风筝、飞机模型等）follow vt．跟随；（表示时间、次序等）接着vt．遵循；听从fool vi．￡ vt．愚弄；欺骗forbid（forbade或forbad，forbidden）vt．禁止；不许force vt．强迫；迫使forget（forgot，forgotten）vi．￡ vt．忘记form vt．组成；建立；形成found vt．成立；建立freeze（froze，frozen）vi．结冰；凝固frighten vt．吓唬gain vt．￡vi．获得；赢得；赚gather vt．聚集；采集；收（庄稼等）get（got，got）vt．得到；获得give（gave，given）vt．给glare vi．闪耀；瞪眼go（went，gone）vi．去grasp vt．抓住；领会；（对知识等的）掌握；了解grow（grew，grown）vi．生长；渐渐变得vt．种植vi．guess vi．猜hand vt．传递；交给hang（hung，hung）vi．￡vt．吊着；悬挂（hanged，hanged）vt．绞死；吊死happen vi．（偶然）发生；碰巧harm vt．伤害；损害；危害hatch vt．￡vi．孵出；孵（卵）hate vt．憎恨；不愿；不喜欢have（had，had）vt．有hear（heard，heard）vt．￡vi．听见；听help vt．帮助；帮忙hide（hid，hidden）vi．￡vt．藏hire vt．雇用；租用hit（hit，hit）（hitting）vt．打；击中；撞hold（held，held）vt．抓住；抑制；怀有；持有（见解等）hope vt．希忚hunt vt．追猎；猎取；追赶；搜索 vi．打猎；搜寻；搜索hurry vi．赶紧；匆忙hurt（hurt，hurt）vt．伤害imagine vt．想象；设想vi．想象起来impress vt．印；留下极深的印象；使……感动improve vt．改善；提高vi．改善；增加include vt．包括increase vi．￡vt．增加；增长insist vt．￡vi．坚持；坚决主张inspect vt．￡vi．检查；视察；检阅inspire vt．鼓舞；激励interest vt．使发生兴趣interrupt vt．打断（讲话或讲话的人）；打扰introduce vt．介绍invent vt．发明；创造invite vt．邀请；招待is（was，been）vi．是join vt．加入 vt．￡vi．连接；联合jump vi．跳keep（kept，kept）vt．保存；保持；留住kick vt．￡vi．踢kill vt．￡ vi．杀死；弄死kiss vt．吻vi．接吻knock vi．敲；击；打；相撞；碰撞know（knew，known）vt．知道；懂得；认识land vt．￡vi．（使）登陆；（使）上岸；（使）降落laugh vi．笑；发笑lay（laid，laid）vt．￡vi．放；搁；下（蛋）；产（卵）lead（led，led）vt．领导learn（learnt，learnt或learned，learned）vt．学；学会leave（left，left）vt．离开；剩下；留下vi．离去；出发lend（lent，lent）vt．把……借给let（let，let）vt．让liberate vt．解放lie（lay，lain）（lying）vi．平躺，（物件）在某处存在；位于lift vt．￡vi．举起；抬起light（lit，lit或lighted，lighted）vt．点燃；照亮vi．点着like vt．喜欢limit vt．限制；限定listen vi．听live vi．居住lock vt．锁；锁上vi．锁得上。
智慧树五年级英语第二单元,作文
智慧树下的英语之旅In the vast expanse of knowledge, the wisdom treestands tall and proud, its branches reaching out to embrace the infinite possibilities of learning. As I embark on my journey through the second unit of English in Grade Five, I find myself standing beneath this tree, my mind expanding with each new lesson.The wisdom tree is not just a symbol of knowledge; itis a gateway to a world of adventure and discovery. Each branch represents a different aspect of learning, and as I explore the unit, I am taken on a thrilling ride throughthe branches, learning new vocabulary, grammar rules, and cultural insights.The first branch I explore is the vocabulary tree. Here, I encounter new words and phrases that help me express myself more clearly and precisely. I learn about different types of food, activities, and emotions, and how to use these words in sentences. The wisdom tree teaches me that vocabulary is not just about memorizing words; it is about understanding their meanings and contexts.The next branch I delve into is the grammar tree. Here, the wisdom tree reveals the structure and rules of the English language, guiding me through the intricacies of sentence structure and tense. I learn how to form complete sentences, use punctuation correctly, and avoid common grammar mistakes. The wisdom tree helps me understand that grammar is not just a set of rules; it is the backbone of communication, essential for expressing our ideas and thoughts.As I move further into the unit, I come across the cultural tree. Here, the wisdom tree opens my eyes to the rich diversity of English-speaking countries and their unique cultures. I learn about different customs, traditions, and holidays, and how to use English to communicate effectively in these diverse settings. The wisdom tree teaches me that learning a language is not just about grammar and vocabulary; it is about understanding and respecting the cultures and people associated with it.As my journey comes to an end, I stand beneath the wisdom tree, grateful for the knowledge and understanding it has bestowed upon me. The branches of the tree havegrown even more lush and vibrant, and I know that there is still so much more to explore and learn. The wisdom tree reminds me that learning is a lifelong journey, and that every lesson, every word, and every culture encountered is a step towards becoming more knowledgeable and understanding.As I step away from the wisdom tree, I carry with me the knowledge and insights gained from my travels. I am ready to embark on new adventures, to explore new branches of learning, and to grow even taller under the guidance of the wisdom tree.**智慧树下的英语之旅**在知识的广阔天地中，智慧树高耸挺拔，它的枝条伸展开来，拥抱着学习的无限可能。
一年级上M234
Module 2 Me, my family and friendsUnit1 My abilities一、vocabulary单词：dance跳舞read读sing唱draw画write写jump跳can能flower花house房子sing a song唱歌read a book读书draw a tree画棵树dance with me和我跳舞jump high跳得高二、sentence pattern句型What can you do? I can write and read.三、Grammar 语法1.modal verb:can / I can...2.Grammar 语法Wh-questions..(特殊疑问句）1.What can you do?你能做什么？2.What can you draw?你能画什么？注意Can you run fast? ----此为一般疑问句Can you sing a song? 用Yes，或No回答Yes, I can.///No, I can’t. Unit2 My family一、vocabulary单词：me我father父亲mother母亲grandfather祖父Grandmother祖母brother兄弟sister姐妹my father 我的父亲your mother你的母亲my family我的家庭play a game 做个游戏ask and answer 问问答答do a survey 做个调查二、Daily expression 日常用语--How are you?你好吗？--Fine.thank you.很好，谢谢。
三、sentence pattern句型Who are you? I am Eddie.你叫什么？我是。
Who is he? He is my father. 他是谁？他是我父亲。
三、Grammar 语法Wh-questions..(特殊疑问句）Who is he /she/this? 训练：1. This is me/my mother.2. He is my grandmother/father.3.Who/What is she?4.Who/What can you do?5.Who is he ? He is Tom/He can draw.Unit3 My friends一、vocabulary单词：fat胖的thin瘦的tall高的short矮的young年轻的old年老的new新的friend朋友a tall girl一个高女孩a fat boy 一个胖男孩short and thin又矮又瘦sing and song唱唱跳跳read and write读读写写二、sentence pattern句型1.She is young. 她是年轻的2.He is short. 他是矮的3.My mother is thin. 我妈妈是瘦的4.Eddie is my classmate. Eddie是我的同学5.Kitty is my friend. Kitty 是我的朋友6.Fat boy,thin boy,I see you. 胖男孩，瘦男孩，我看到你们了三、介绍自己的家庭This is my father. He is tall. He can jump high.This is my mother. She is thin. She can sing and dance.She is beautiful. This is me. I am pupil. I am short. I can write. Module 3 Places and activitiesUnit1 In the classroom一、vocabulary单词：一、One two three four five six seven eight nine ten classroom 教室paper纸count数little小rabbit兔子in the classroom 在教室里three pencils三支铅笔one bookfour rulers 四把尺two little paper rabbits两只小纸兔二、sentence pattern句型How many bags?-----Three bags.How many rubbers?----One rubber.Let’s count. 让我们数一数三、Grammar 语法1.Wh-questions..(特殊疑问句）How many ......? How many后面一定要跟复数。
VocabularyExercises
V ocabulary ExercisesA Choose the one out of the three items that can complete each of the following sentences.1 It took them two months to_ from Europe to Australia.sail fail mail2 It's important for a student to know how to take in class.pictures stories notes3 He didn't say before he left.nothing something anything4 Although they were still young they did their workperfectly finally comfortably5 Einstein has been as one of the greatest scientists in the world.taken regarded said6 He was to give a talk about the novel he had just written.called greeted invited7 The old man often the dog for fun.kicked hit contacted8 In times of war each man should try to his home country.reflect defend attend9 John a glass with wine and handed it to Tom.took filled brought10 "What's that?" he asked, to the top of the building.devoting regarding pointing11 Those who are interested in popular songs are students.quietly mainly nicely12 The stone is very heavy, about two hundred kilograms.weighing being measuring13 We cannot finish the work in time more people come to help us.if as unless14 This dress is too long. Can you it for me?shorten change repair15 These two pictures are quite to each other.like the same similarB Choose one word from the word list below tofill in the blank in each of the following se4 IlChange the form of the word where necessary. Each word can be used only once and there 1 ones in the word list. .1 The tree may fall down at any time.2 I was in trouble I went to him for help.3 The stone was so heavy that no ohe could it.4 It is difficult to make with him. He often changes his job.5 his brother, Tom was very friendly.6 He worked very hard. , he often kept working until it was very late.7 People's ideas are in what they say and write.8 Y our talk was too long. It will be more interesting if you it.Grammar ExercisesChoose from the three items the one that can complete each of the following sentences.1 The girl a talk to the class was my friend.giving given gave2 Thank you very much. This nice watch is just I want.which why what3 These are books long ago.write written writing4 The old woman felt very happy with her children back to live with her.came to come coming5 The ground was covered with leaves.fallen fell falling6 What shall we do with the gifts to us these days?given give giving7 The building at the foot of the mountain was a hospital.standing stood stands8 There is something in he said.what when where9 We tried our best to improve our English.speaking speak spoken10 He was sitting under a tree, with his horse by him.stood standing stands11 He was telling his friends he had seen in China.what when where12 Tom was reading a novel by Mark Twain.write writing written13 They sat quietly in the classroom, listening to a talk by an old soldier.given giving ' to give14 The idea forward by Tom interested us.put puts to put15 Do you know the man in the chair over there?to sit sat sitting16 I've never seen the word in this way.use used using17 Western countries are mainly countries.developing developed to develop18 He decided to sell his computer and buy a new one.using used to use19 I believe you have said.when where what20 I saw a plane in the sky.flying flown flyRead the passage below and choose from the three choices marked A, B and C for each blank in the passage.Joe was going into his usual bar before lunch 1 he saw a poorly dressed man2 in a small pool of rain water3 was not deep outside it. Joe stopped and4 the man5 a few minutes. He saw that most of the people6 passed by him7 that he must be rather mad. Joe pitied the man,8 after a few minutes he went up to him and said kindly to him, "Hello, would you like to come into9 and have 10 with me?" The fisherman was very happy to accept 11 . 12 thetwo men went into the bar together. Joe bought the fisherman a few drinks. 1 3 he finally said to him, "Y ou've been fishing outside here, haven't you? How many did you manage to14 this morning, if I may ask? .... Y ou're the eighth." The fisherman said 151 then and when2 fishing swimming drinking3 what who that4 saw looked for watched5 about for in6 which that who7 believed regarded said8 so then for9 the restaurant the bar the hotel10 a drink something to eat some tea11 the idea the offer the tea12 And But Then1 3 So As a result, And14 catch have hold15 comfortably happily sadlyA Match the words in the left column with the meanings itt the right column.1 travel widely known2 central make something shorter3 kilometre a hundredth part of a metre4 scientist placed at or near the centre5 centimetre a thousand metres6 seldom not similar7 surround make a trip8 famous a person with special knowledge of science9 shorten hardly10 unlike be placed all aroundB Read thefoUowingpassage and choose from the three choices markedA (Right), B (Wrong), and C(Doesn't say) the ri~tht one according to the passage.When David Williams left the university he went to Australia. When he returned to En- gland for a visit twenty years later he decided to go back to his old university. David was very glad when he knew that his old teacher was still teaching there. He went to visit the old manAnd after they had had an interesting talk, the teacher went out to get something. While hewas away, David saw an examination paper on the desk. He looked at the date on it and sawthat it had been given to the students the week before. David picked the paper up and read it through. When the old teacher came back. David said to him, "I'm certain that these areexactly the same questions that you asked us in our examination twenty years ago. How is that possible? .... Y es, that's right," agreed the old teacher. "The questions are the same but the answers have changed."1 David stayed in Australia for about twenty years.Y es. No. Does not say.2 David went back to his old university in England to take an exam.Y es. No. Does not say.3 David found an examination paper on his old teacher's desk.Y es. No. Does not say.4 David still remembered the questions he had been asked when he was a student.Y es. No. Does not say.5 If David took the examination again, he would be able to pass it.Y es. No. Does not say.C Read the following two passages and choose the one out of the four items that can complete each o.fthe statements according to the two passages.The Moon in the WellA well is a hole in the ground. There is water at the bottom. To get the water we turn a handle. This lets a bucket go down the well and into the water. Then we turn the handle to bring the bucket up.One night a foolish man looked down a well. He could see the moon in the clear water."The moon has fallen down the well," he said, "1 must get it out."He turned the handle and let the bucket go down into the well. He wanted the bucket to hold the moon and pull it up! The bucket reached the water and the man turned the handleto pull up the bucket. But the bucket caught a big stone which lay at the bottom of the water.The man pulled and pulled but the handle would not move.Suddenly the stone moved. The bucket flew up the well. The man fell on to his back. He could see the sky. The moon was in the sky."Good?' he said. "1 have put the moon back into the sky?1 We get from a well.water the bucket the handle the moon2 One night a foolish man saw the moonin the sky in the wellabove the mountain above a tree3 The foolish man tried to4 When the man fell on the ground he saw the moonabove the mountain ~ above a treein the well "in the skyThe man believed thatthe moon was in the sky all the timethe moon was in the well before that nighthe put the moon back into the skythere were two moonsThe Uses of PaperWhen we think of paper, we think of newspapers, books, letters, and writing paper. E there are many other uses. Only half of the paper that is made is used for books, newspapfetc. Paper is very good for keeping you warm. Y ou have perhaps seen homeless men asleepa large number of newspapers. In Finland, where in winter it is sometimes ~40~C, the farmwear paper boots (heavy shoes that cover part of the leg). Nothing could be warmer.Each year, more and more things are made of paper. We have had paper bags, boxes,cups for a long time. But now we hear that chairs, tables, and even beds can be made of paWith paper shoes, you can wear paper hats, paper dresses, and paper raincoats. Whenhave used them once, you throw them away and buy new ones. The latest in paper seemsibe paper houses. These are not small houses for children to play in, but real, big housesflpeople to live in. Y ou can buy a house with three rooms for about 500 dollars. Y ou can putup yourself in a few hours, and you can use it for about five years.People have made paper boats, but they have not yet made paper planesor cars. Just wathey probably will.1 The author thinks that the idea that paper is mainly used for books and newspapersiright good popular wonderful2 Many things can be made ofpaper wood concrete stone3 Paper boots are used toprotect people from cold weather cover part of the legmake us feel comfortable save a lot of money4 Paper houses are madefor children to play in for children to play withfor people to keep things for people to live in5 People will probably makepaper dresses paper raincoats paper boats paper planesHow many snakes are there in the world? No one knows. There are too many to count. There are about 2 500 different kinds of snakes. That is a large number! Some of the snakes are only a few centimetres long but some of them may reach a length(长度) of seven and a half metres. Although there are many different kinds of snakes, all of them are similar in some ways.All snakes are long and thin. They do not have any legs but they can move over the ground. All of them have eyes but none of them has any ears. They have tongues（舌头）which are long. They use their tongues to feel, smell and taste. If you watch a snake, you will see its tongue going in and out all of the time. Snakes have teeth and they are pointed. These teeth point towards（朝向）the back of their mouths. When they catch an animal in their teeth, it cannot get free and neither can the snake let it go. It must swallow（吞）the animal. A snake can open its mouth very wide. Asmall snake can swallow an animal much bigger than itself.There are many kinds of snakes in Africa but only a few of them are poisonous. Poisonous snakes have two special teeth which are long and filled with poison. They can point forwards. When the snake catches an animal with these teeth, poison runs down them. When enough of the poison gets into the body of the animal, it dies. There is usually not enough poison to kill a man or woman at once.There are only a few kinds of very poisonous snakes in Africa. They have a large deal of poison and can kill large animals or men and women almost at once. That is why many people are afraid of them, but there are many more non-poisonous snakes than poisonous ones. Most of the poisonous snakes will not attack people.The snake usually does not attack people. Sometimes it happens just because a person steps on a snake without seeing it and the snake attacks the person to keep itself safe.2. All snakes have _________ but none of them has __________.A legs; earsB ears; tonguesC tongues; earsD teeth; eyes3. If you watch a snake, you will see its __________ going in and out all the time.A teethB tongueC legsD eyes4. There are many kinds of snakes in Africa; __________ of them are poisonous.A only a fewB manyC halfD most5. __________ poisonous snakes have enough poison to kill men and women at once.A About half ofB MostC Only a fewD None of6. __________ of the poisonous snakes will not attack people.A About halfB MostC Only a few kindsD All。
五年级英语词汇速记技巧方法练习题40题
五年级英语词汇速记技巧方法练习题40题1<背景文章>Learning English vocabulary can be fun and easy with the right techniques. One of the most interesting ways to remember new words is through association. For example, when you see the word 'apple', you can think of a red, juicy fruit. You can also associate it with other words like 'pie', 'tree', or 'orchard'. By making connections between words, you can remember them more easily.Another way to use association is to create stories. Let's say you want to remember the words 'cat', 'mat', and 'hat'. You can make up a story like this: The cat sat on the mat wearing a hat. This story helps you remember the three words together.Association can also be used with pictures. Draw a picture of a word or a scene that includes several words. For example, if you want to remember the words 'sun', 'beach', and 'umbrella', draw a picture of a sunny beach with an umbrella. Looking at the picture will help you recall the words.Now, let's practice using association. Look at the following words and try to think of something that you can associate with each one.1. 'book' - You can think of a library full of books or a person readinga book.2. 'flower' - You can think of a beautiful garden with different kinds of flowers.3. 'car' - You can think of a busy street with many cars or a family going on a road trip in a car.4. 'bird' - You can think of a park with birds singing in the trees.5. 'tree' - You can think of a forest with tall trees or a picnic under a tree.1. What can you associate with the word 'apple'?A. A banana.B. A red, juicy fruit.C. A book.D. A bird.答案：B。
牛津译林版四年级英语下册Unit4Drawinginthepark(VocabularyFuntim
Unit4 Drawing in the park (Vocabulary & Fun time) 第 2 课时课题Unit4 Drawing in the park (Vocabulary & Fun time)学习目标1. 能够熟练说出公园里的一些物品词汇tree, flower, boat, river, hill, lake等。
2. 能用句型What can you see? I can see a …谈论所见。
3. 能用句型What can you do? I can …进行调查会做的事情，能用句型He/She can …对他人进行描述。
4. 能编写完整小故事：Let’s be friends.并试着表演。
重点难点1. 能够熟练说出公园里的一些物品词汇tree, flower, boat, river, hill, lake等。
2. 能用句型What can you do? I can …进行调查会做的事情，能用句型He/She can …对他人进行描述。
3.能编写完整小故事：Let’s be friends.并试着表演。
流程学习内容补充与调整自学预习Step 1. Warming up & Free talk1. Enjoy the song: Row your boat歌词： Row, row, row your boat, gently on the stream, merrily,merrily, merrily, life is interesting.2. T: Life is interesting. Last lesson, we went to the park. Today,we will go to another interesting place – Dream Theatre. Let’sgo.3. T: Look! They need some actors for the new play. Do you want tohave a try?T: And we should pass four tests.T: Let’s have a try.Step 2. Revision1. Test 1-- Good performance ability.T: To be an actor, you should have good performance ability.T: Do you remember this story? Drawing in the park (课件出示课文图片) Can you act this story?First, let’s dub for it. Dub in groups.2. Act in pairs.3. T: Good job. I think you have good performance ability. Let’sgo into the next test.4. T: To be an actor, you should have good expression ability.Try to retell the story according. 小组讨论，试着复述该故事，看谁说得完整。
物理英语词汇树
物理英语词汇树The study of physics opens up a vast and intricate world of vocabulary, each term carefully crafted to precisely describe the myriad phenomena that govern our universe. This physical vocabulary tree is a testament to the intellectual rigor and depth of this field, branching out from fundamental concepts to the most specialized and technical terms.At the root of this tree lie the basic building blocks of our physical understanding - mass, energy, force, and time. These foundational ideas form the trunk from which the entire tree grows, providing the essential framework upon which more complex branches can develop. Mass, the fundamental measure of matter, is the essential quantity that defines the interaction of objects through the force of gravity. Energy, in its many forms, fuels the constant motion and change that characterizes the physical world. Force, the push or pull that can set objects in motion or maintain their state, is the engine that drives the mechanisms of the universe. And time, the inexorable march of moments that gives structure and order to all physical processes, is the dimension that binds everything together.Branching out from these core concepts, we find a rich diversity of vocabulary that describes the various states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas - and the properties that define them. Solids, with their rigid molecular structure and defined shape, contrast with the fluid nature of liquids and the expansive, formless quality of gases. Vocabulary such as density, viscosity, and compressibility precisely capture the unique characteristics of each state, allowing physicists to analyze and predict their behavior.As we move further up the tree, the branches grow more specialized, delving into the intricacies of motion and the forces that govern it. Velocity, acceleration, and momentum are the fundamental descriptors of movement, while concepts like inertia, friction, and torque explain the ways in which objects interact and respond to the world around them. The vocabulary of kinematics and dynamics provides the language to describe the complex dance of bodies in motion, from the most mundane objects to the celestial bodies that populate the cosmos.Extending from the motion-focused branches, we find a wealth of terminology related to energy and its many forms. Kinetic energy, potential energy, thermal energy, and electromagnetic energy are just a few of the ways in which this fundamental quantity can manifest. Vocabulary such as work, power, and efficiency allowphysicists to quantify and analyze the transformations of energy that drive so much of the physical universe.As we venture further into the specialized realms of physics, the vocabulary tree becomes increasingly intricate and technical. In the domain of waves and optics, terms like frequency, wavelength, and interference describe the undulating patterns of energy that permeate our world, from the visible spectrum of light to the invisible vibrations of sound. The language of electromagnetism, with its electric and magnetic fields, charges, and currents, provides the means to understand the fundamental forces that shape our technological landscape.Delving into the world of modern physics, the vocabulary tree becomes even more complex, branching out into the realms of quantum mechanics, relativity, and particle physics. Concepts like wave-particle duality, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, and the curvature of spacetime introduce a whole new lexicon that captures the mind-bending nature of the very small and the very large. Particles such as electrons, protons, and neutrons, along with their more exotic subatomic counterparts, populate this intricate domain, each with their own unique properties and behaviors.Throughout this physical vocabulary tree, we find a remarkable synthesis of precision and poetry. Each term is carefully crafted toconvey a specific meaning, allowing physicists to communicate complex ideas with unparalleled clarity. Yet, within this technical language, there is a inherent beauty and elegance that reflects the underlying harmony of the physical world. From the elegance of Maxwell's equations to the sublime simplicity of E=mc^2, the vocabulary of physics is a testament to the human capacity for intellectual exploration and discovery.As we ascend this vocabulary tree, we gain a deeper appreciation for the richness and complexity of the physical sciences. Each branch, each leaf, represents a piece of the puzzle that helps us understand the fundamental nature of our universe. By mastering this specialized language, we unlock the door to a world of wonder and possibility, where the laws of nature can be understood, predicted, and ultimately harnessed to improve the human condition. The physical vocabulary tree is not merely a collection of terms, but a living, growing testament to our relentless pursuit of knowledge and our never-ending quest to unravel the mysteries of the cosmos.。
word tree 话题词汇树2
• • • • •
•
• • • • • •
spoken written Oral formal Informal 语言学习内容： expression Idiom vocabulary spelling sentence structure grammar
Topic2 Language learning 语言学习
• 科学技术与发明
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
科技人员 Inventor Scientist Specialist Expert 科学研究 Nuclear Energy Radiation Universe Data Analyze Conclude
Topic 7 科普与现代科技
• • • • • • • • Predict Prove do the Experiment Debate Doubt Create Essay Nobel Prize
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
物种与自然地貌 Human race wildlife Species biology Insect bacteria Plant seed Root branch Shade pest a variety of A range of Oxygen Carbon dioxide Planet ocean Continent desert Valley jungle Stream harbor bay ecology
Topic 8自然与生物
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
部分生物名称 Dinosaur fur Goose feather Kangaroo nest Lamb Shark Whale Zebra Butterfly Mouse 生物行为 Absorb breathe Feed bark Bite chase give birth to… Come into being
vocabulary知识点总结
vocabulary知识点总结Vocabulary is an essential part of language learning. It is the collection of words that a person knows and understands in a particular language. A strong vocabulary is crucial for effective communication, reading comprehension, and writing skills. In this article, we will delve into the different aspects of vocabulary, including its importance, ways to improve it, and strategies for vocabulary acquisition.Importance of VocabularyA strong vocabulary is important for several reasons:1. Communication: Vocabulary is crucial for effective communication. A wide range of words allows individuals to express their thoughts and ideas more precisely and accurately. It also enables them to understand others' communication effectively.2. Reading Comprehension: A rich vocabulary is crucial for understanding written materials. Readers with a good vocabulary can comprehend complex texts, and the nuances of language, and can interpret the author's intended meaning more accurately.3. Writing Skills: A broad vocabulary enhances writing skills by providing a variety of words and expressions. It enables writers to express themselves more effectively and make their writing more engaging and compelling.4. Academic Success: A strong vocabulary is essential for academic success. It helps students understand lectures, participate in class discussions, and comprehend academic texts. Ways to Improve VocabularyThere are several ways to improve vocabulary. Some effective strategies for vocabulary improvement include:1. Reading: Reading is one of the most effective ways to improve vocabulary. It exposes individuals to new words in context, and provides an opportunity to learn how words are used in different contexts.2. Contextual Learning: Understanding how words are used in different contexts is crucial for vocabulary development. Learning words in context helps individuals grasp their meanings and usage more effectively.3. Word Learning Strategies: Employing word learning strategies such as using flashcards, mnemonics, and creating word associations can aid in vocabulary acquisition.4. Regular Practice: Regular practice and exposure to words in different contexts can help reinforce vocabulary learning.5. Use of Vocabulary in Writing and Speaking: Actively using newly learned words in writing and speaking can help cement them in memory and improve retention.Strategies for Vocabulary AcquisitionThere are various strategies for acquiring vocabulary. Some effective strategies include: 1. Active Engagement: Actively engaging with words by looking up their definitions, understanding their usage, and practicing their usage helps in vocabulary acquisition.2. Word Analysis: Analyzing word parts, such as prefixes, suffixes, and root words, can help individuals understand the meanings and usage of unfamiliar words.3. Vocabulary Development Tools: Utilizing vocabulary development tools such as dictionaries, thesauruses, and vocabulary building apps can aid in vocabulary acquisition.4. Using Vocabulary in Context: Using words in context through reading, speaking, and writing allows individuals to understand their meanings and how they are used.5. Word Exposure: Regular exposure to a wide range of words through reading, listening, and conversations can enhance vocabulary acquisition.In conclusion, vocabulary is a fundamental aspect of language learning that plays a crucial role in communication, reading comprehension, and writing skills. A strong vocabulary is essential for academic success and personal growth. Utilizing effective strategies for vocabulary improvement and acquisition can enhance language skills and overall communication abilities.。
江苏省南京市秦淮区2022-2023学年八年级上学期期中英语试题
A.lessB.leastC.fewerD.fewest
10.Not only my parents and I but also everyone around us ________ about the opening of the 20th CPC National Congress (党的二十大开幕会) on 16 October.
C.searchD.will search
14.We can put the prefix “un-” before ________ to give it the opposite meaning.
A.patientB.activeC.correctD.interesting
15.— It’s my first time to speak in front of so many people. I’m afraid I can’t do it.
2022-2023学年江苏省南京市秦淮区八年级（上）期中英语试卷
一、听力（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）
第一部分听对话,回答问题本部分共有5小题,每小题你将听到一段对话,请从A、B、C三个选项中选出与你所听内容相符的选项。（听两遍）
1 What sport does Kitty do in summer?
• dislikes2.because it is too difficult.
After-school
activities
• goes to the English Club every3.afternoon.
Vocabulary
1.Barn谷仓；畜棚；车库；靶2.House 住宅；家庭；机构；议会；3.Building(s)建筑；建筑物4.Roof屋顶；最高处，顶部；最高限度5.Grass草；草地6.Pine Tree松树7.Palm Tree (coconut)棕榈树（椰子）8.Tree Trunk树干;ke 湖; 深红色颜料; 胭脂红; [化] 色淀;10.Pond 池塘;11.River 河，江; 溪，巨流;12.Ocean海洋; 洋; 大海;13.Autumn / Fall秋天14.Winter冬天15.Spring春天16.Leaves叶子; 树叶，花瓣;17.leafy多叶的，叶茂的，多树木的;18.Branches 分支; 树枝19.sticks乡间，边远地区; 棍; 人; 枝条; 球棍;20.Tall身材高，高大的; 大的; 过分的，夸张的;21.Extends / Extending / Running1.2延长;伸展; 延伸，延续3.跑步; 运转; 流出22.Hills丘陵; 小山，山冈; 斜坡; 冈峦;23.Mountains山脉; 群山; 山，山岳24.Road / Street路/街道25.Dirt泥土; 污垢，污泥; 下流想法; 恶意中伤的话;26.Dirt Road土路27.Center中心; 中枢; （球队的）中锋; 中心区;28.Dark黑暗的; 乌黑的; 忧郁的; 神秘的;29.Stormy暴风雨般的; 激烈的; 有暴风雨的; 热烈的30.Sky天（空）31.Rainbow彩虹;32.Farm农家; 农田; 农场，农庄; 畜牧场33.Fence围墙; 栅栏，篱笆; 防护物; 剑术;34.Pasture牧草地，牧场; 牲畜饲养，放牧;35.Flowers花朵; 花36.Walkway / path通道/路径37.Bridge桥; 桥牌; 鼻梁; 起联系作用的东西38.Poles柱; （南、北）极( pole的名词复数 ); 地极;39.Curved弧形的，曲线的;40.Straight直的; 连续的; 直率的; 整齐的41.Crooked弯曲的; 不正当的; 歪扭的; 用不正当手段得来的;42.Round圆形的; 弧形的; 丰满的，肥胖的; 整数的;43.Scattered分散的; 零散的; 疏落的; 到处都是…的;44.Clouds云; 团; 群; 造成不愉快或不明朗的事物;45.Child小孩，孩子; 幼稚的人; 产物; 弟子;46.Woman女人，妇女; 成年女子; 女拥人或女下属;女人本能;47.Man男人; 人类; 男子汉; 雇工;48.boy儿子; 男孩，少年; 小伙子，家伙; 服务员;49.girl女孩; 姑娘，未婚女子; 女职员，女演员;50.People人民; 人，人类; 居民; 种族;51.person人; （语法）人称; 身体; 容貌;52.bird鸟，禽; <俚>少女，姑娘，人，家伙，东西;53.Big / large大的，巨大的54.Small / little很少的, 矮小的, 短暂的55.A row of一排;56.Snow积雪; 雪，雪花; 雪季57.Rain雨; （热带地区的）雨季，雨天;58.Fire火灾; 火，燃烧物; 射击，发射; 热情;59.Sunny和煦的：照到阳光的; 快活的，性情开朗亲切的;60.Sunset晚霞; 黄昏; 日落（时），薄暮;61.Sunrise日出（时分），黎明; 东方;62.Beach海滩，海滨; 岸上的沙子和卵石;63.Valley流域; 山谷，溪谷，峡谷，谷地，深谷;64.Barren贫瘠的; 不结果实的; 不孕的; 无价值的;荒原，不毛之地;65.Fence围墙; 栅栏，篱笆; 防护物; 剑术;66.Window窗口; 窗，窗户; 〈美俚〉眼镜;67.Bench（木制）长凳，工作台; 法官，法官席;68.umbrella雨伞; 〈比喻〉保护物; [军] 空中掩护幕; 总括;69.party balloon 派对气球70.Balloon with basket (hot-air Balloon)气球篮子（热气球）71.basket篮; 一篮; （篮球运动的）篮; 投篮得分;72.shoes鞋子; 鞋状物; 蹄铁; （轮胎的）外胎;73.galoshes胶鞋; 雨靴; 胶靴; （雨天用的）胶套鞋;74.hat帽子; （帽子所表示的）职位，职务;75.Bonnet阀帽; 童帽; （苏格兰男子的）无边帽;烟囱罩，壁炉罩;76.Ship船; <口>宇宙飞船; （舰船上的）全体船员; 运气;77.Plane平面; 飞机; 水平; 木工刨;平的，平坦的;78.Car汽车; 轿车; 车厢;79.Helicopter直升机，直升飞机80.Boat小船，小艇; 轮船81.Telephone Pole电话线杆82.Horse马; 骑马的军人，骑兵; 有脚的架; 跳马，鞍马;83.Donkey驴，毛驴; 笨蛋，傻瓜;84.Elephant象，大象85.Butterfly蝴蝶; 蝶泳; 轻浮的人; 游手好闲的人86.Money钱; 款项; 财富; 薪水;87.Rifle步枪; 来福枪;88.Pistol手枪;89.Soldiers士兵，军人; 兵员; 士卒;90.At the base of something在某事的基础上91.Castle城堡，堡垒; 象棋中的车;92.Lunch Chair午餐椅93.Hammock吊床;94.table桌子; 表，目录; 手术台，工作台，游戏台;平地层;95.Chimney烟囱; 壁炉; 玻璃灯罩; 烟囱状东西;96.Smoke烟; 吸烟，抽烟; 冒烟; 快速;97.Child’s swing儿童踏行车98.Rope绳索; 粗绳; 一串; 学会决窍，知道决窍;捆; 用绳子系牢; 捆紧; 用套索抓捕99.Bushes灌木（丛）; （金属）衬套; （绝缘）套管;100.Shirt衬衫，衬衣; 内衣，汗衫101.Pants<英>（紧身的）短裤; <美> 裤子; 喘气102.D ress衣服; 礼服; 连衣裙; 装饰;打扮; 穿着;103.Clothes衣服，衣物; 寝具;104.Hanging绞刑; 绞死; （墙上装饰用的）帘子; 帷幔105.W ide宽的; 广阔的; 普遍的; 张大的，开得很大的;广泛地; 充分地;106.N arrow狭窄的; 狭隘的; （种类或数目）有限的; 仔细的，精确的，vt.限制，限定; （使）变窄; 变得更窄; 收缩;107.W heel barrow独轮车;108.R ake耙子; 放荡的男人; 倾斜度;109.Shovel铲子，铁锹; 铲车; 一铲; 铲状物; 110.C ows母牛; 雌象; 婆娘; 娘儿们;111.Flying飞行的; 会飞的; 迅速的;112.Arched拱形的; 弓形结构的; Prepositions介词:1.bove,（表示程度）超过; （表示等级）在…之上; （表示位置）在…正上方; （表示比较）优于;2. across, 穿过; 横穿，横过; 与…交叉; 在…对面;3.along, 沿着; 顺着; 靠着…边;4.around, 围绕; 在附近; 前后，左右; 在…周围;5.behind,（表示位置）在…的后面; 支持; （表示顺序）在身后; （表示比较）落后于;6.below, 低于; （表示位置）在…下面; （表示状态）在…掩饰之下; （表示比较）不及7.beside, 不中（目标），不对（题），与…无关; （表示排斥）除…之外; （表示位置）在…旁边，，在…一侧，在…附近; （表示关系）与…无关，和…相比，比起…来，比得上;8.between,在…之间; 私下，暗中; 在…中任择其一; 来往于…之间;9.from, （表示时间）从…; （表示原因）因为; （表示来源）来自…; （表示分离）与…分离[隔开]; 10.in front,在前面，在前方; 先头; 头里; 前边;11. next to,紧邻; 在…近旁; 仅次于; 紧接;12.over, （表示方向）越过; （部份或全部覆盖）在…上面; 由于; （表示论及）关于;13.on top of,在…上边; 在…上方; 除…之外; 接着;14.under在…下面，在表面之下; 在…的假定表面或掩饰下; 少于，小于; 在…情况下;。
英语作文词树
英语作文词树The concept of a "word tree" in English composition is a metaphor for the branching out of vocabulary from a central theme or idea. It's a tool that helps writers to expand their vocabulary and create more vivid, descriptive sentences.Starting with a single word, like "nature," we can grow a tree of related words. Branches might include "forest," "river," and "mountain." Each of these branches can further extend to words like "pine," "stream," and "peak," enriching our language and allowing for more detailed expressions.In academic writing, a word tree can help students to organize their thoughts and present a structured argument. For example, from the central theme of "education," one might branch out to "curriculum," "pedagogy," and "assessment," each with its own set of subtopics.For creative writing, a word tree can be a source of inspiration. Imagine beginning with "love" and expanding to "passion," "devotion," and "affection," each leading to a wealth of emotive language that can bring a story to life.When learning a new language, constructing a word tree can be an effective way to build vocabulary. It encourages learners to think about words in context, making them easier to remember and use correctly.In summary, a word tree is a versatile tool for enhancing English writing. It fosters creativity, aids in organization, and strengthens vocabulary, making it an invaluable resource for writers of all levels.。
学生发展英文
学生发展英文Learning English as a student is like planting a tree. It starts with the seeds of basic vocabulary and grammar.Each day spent practicing is watering the tree, helpingit grow stronger and taller, allowing us to reach new heights in understanding and expression.The branches of this tree are the various skills we develop: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Each branch needs care and attention to flourish.The leaves are the phrases and sentences we learn, which give life and color to our language abilities, making our speech vibrant and full of life.As the tree matures, it becomes a shelter for our thoughts, a place where we can express our ideas and emotions in a new language.The fruits of our efforts are the achievements we gain, from passing exams to making friends from around the world.But remember, just like a tree, learning English requires patience and persistence. It's not about how quickly you grow, but how deep your roots go.So, let's nurture our English skills with the same carewe would give to a growing tree, and watch as it becomes a part of our lives, providing shade and fruit for years to come.。
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Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree
K-d Tree & BBF (Best bin first)
K-d Tree
• 实际上是一棵平衡二叉树
– 例: pointList = [(2,3), (5,4), (9,6), (4,7), (8,1), (7,2)] tree = kdtree(pointList)
概念：
• k-d树是一个特殊的二叉树，每个非叶节点 对应一个k维的向量点。这个节点表示一个 垂直于某维轴的超平面，将空间一分为二。 这个节点所有左子树上的点都在这个超平 面左边，所有右子树上的点都在这个超平 面的右边。
k-d树的构建的经典方法
• 每个坐标轴被依次循环使用，来选择分割 超平面； • 分割位置被选择在所有剩下点的该坐标的 中点； • 所生成的k-d树是一个平衡二叉树。其中每 个叶子和根节点的距离基本相等。
Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree
Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree
Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree
Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree
最近邻搜索算法
• 按照插入节点的方法遍历树，找到一个叶 子节点； • 将此叶子节点记作当前最好点； • 反溯而上，如果父节点比当前最好点还要 好，则检查其左右子树。
改善方法•ຫໍສະໝຸດ 限定查找的点数 • 限定查找时间 • 或者采用近似最邻近搜索算法，例如： Best Bin First。
缺点
• 当点的维数较高时，查询效率接近于穷举 查询（数据个数N, should be N >> 2k）.
计算复杂性
• • • • 生成k-d树的时间大概是 O(n log 2 n)； 插入一个点的时间O(log n)； 删除一个点的时间O(log n)； Querying an axis-parallel range in a balanced kd-tree takes O(n1-1/k m) time, where m is the number of the reported points, and k the dimension of the kd-tree.
Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree
Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree
Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree
Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree
Examples of VT for large database
220
410
106
165
324
1003
10002
branching factor k and depth L, kL=1,000,000 leaf nodes
/~phlosoft/voronoi/
Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree
Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree
Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree
Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree
Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree
Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree
Vocabulary tree based methods
Employ the hierarchical k-mean clustering to build large vocabularies, which enables individual words to be far more discriminative.
X1 Z2 Z1
X2
y
2
Y1
P ( x , y, z )
y
Y2
Y Z X
z
x
2
x
z
2
iDistance Algorithm
r0 O1
q
r1
O2
O3
Leaf nodes of B+ Tree
Vocabulary Tree
Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree
Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree
Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree