土木工程专业英语期末题库二
土木工程专业英语2
Sentence translation
【句9】While tall buildings constructed of steel had an early start, development of tall building of reinforced concrete progressed at a fast enough rate to provide a competitive challenge to structural steel systems for both office and apartment buildings.
【译】只有当突出地面的建筑物的所有柱构件能够彼此连接使整 个建筑物成为一个空心筒体或一个劲性箱体时，一幢高层建筑的 整个结构在强度和刚度，抵御风荷载方面才能最有效。
Sentence translation
【句7】The exterior columns of a building can be spaced reasonably far apart and yet be made to work together as a tube by connecting them with diagonal members intersecting at the center line of the columns and beams.
【译】建筑物的外柱可以被适当的分隔，但却仍能作 为一个筒体共同工作，这个筒体是通过在梁柱中线处 连接交叉对角构件构成的。
Sentence translation
土木工程专业英语
3、This force prevents the cracks from developing by eliminating or considerably reducing the tensile stress at the critical midspan and support sections at service load, thereby raising the bending, shear, and torsional capacities of the sections.这个力能消除或大大减少使用荷载在跨中及支座等临界面处产生的拉应力，阻止裂缝出现，从而提高截面的抗弯、抗剪和抗扭的能力。
11、the allowable stress intensities are chosen in accordance with the concept that the stress or strain corresponding to the yield point of the material should not be exceeded at the most highly stressed points of the structure.允许应力强度是按照如下原则选择的，在构件的最大受力点处的应力和应变不能超过相应的材料的屈服点。
土木专业英语Unit 2
Unit 2Performance Criteria and Manage ment工作准则和管理Civil engineering is that field of engineering concerned with planning, design, and construction for environmental control, natural resource development, transportation facilities, tunnels, buildings, bridges, and other structures for the needs of people. Persons who are qualified by education and experience and who meet state requirements for practicing the profession of civil engineering are called civil engineers.土木工程包括计划、设计、建造环境监控、自然资源、运输、隧道、建筑、桥梁及其他结构以满足人类的需求。
土木工程师指那些那些受过专业教育、具有一定经验，具备从事土木行业要求的人。
Performance Criteria for Civil Engineers土木工程师的工作准则As professionals, civil engineers should conform to the following canons as they perform their duties:作为一名土木工程师，应将以下几方面作为工作准则：(1)Hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public. (This also implies a commitment to conservation of energy and improvement of the environment, to enhance the quality of life.)（1）将公共安全、健康及财产作为首要考虑因素。
土木工程给排水环境工程专业英语翻译题库
2.翻译句子：Lesson 1.土木工程Civil engineers in this field oversee the construction of a project from beginning to end.这一领域的工程师要监督一个项目从开始到结束的整个施工过程。
Those engaged in this area of civil engineering may plan and develop communities within a city, or entire cities.该领域的工程师从事规划小区或者一个完整的城市。
These civil engineers coordinate planning of public works along with private development. They evaluate the kinds of facilities needed, including streets and highways, public transportation systems, airports, port facilities, water-supply and wastewater-disposal systems, public buildings, parks, and recreational and other facilities to ensure social and economic as well as environmental well-being.规划工程师协调公共工程和私有设施的发展。
他们评估各种设施的需求，包括街道和公路、公共运输系统，机场、港口、供水排水系统，公共建筑，公园、娱乐设施等，以保证社会、经济和环境的协调发展。
The civil engineer-manager combines technical knowledge with an ability to organize and coordinate worker power, materials, machinery, and money.管理工程师将技术和组织协调劳动力、材料、机械设备、资金的能力结合起来。
辽宁工程技术大学 专业英语 期末考试试题及参考答案
辽宁工程技术大学20 级专升本(土木工程专业)第二学期《专业英语》试卷(A)题号一二三总分得分I .单项选择:(2*20)1. I used to ____at 6:30, but now I get used to_____at 7:00.a. got up, getting upb. gets up, getting upc. getting up get upd. get up, getting up2. _____many difficulties, they still went on with their experiment.a. Face b Faced c. Facing with d. Faced with3. It was in 1492 _____ Columbus discovered America.a. thatb. whenc. the timed. whom4. Vickie had most probably ____ her for her twin sister.a. regardedb. mistakenc. looked ond. considered5.It is the boy’s laziness that ______his failure in the exams.a. resulted inb. resulted fromc. brought ind. led into6. Rain does not ___ bring down the temperature.a. necessarilyb. certainlyc. undoubtedlyd. completely7. One of his many faults is that he never___.anything very long.a. decides onb. sticks toc. goes overd. make sure8. It was not a serious accident: the car needs only some______ repairs.a. majorb. minorc. primaryd. secondary9. The train arrived one hour behind______ .a. planb. timetablec. scheduled. date10. Be sure to______your work at the end of the exam.a. set asideb. hang upc. look overd. catch sight of11. How we_____ a chance to visit your country!.a. longed forb. looked forc. waited ford.went for12. Scientists didn’t know much about lung cancer_____ .a. before longb. long beforec. until recentlyd.very soon13. _____you keep trying, you will certainly succeeded. a. As b. Because c. As long as d. No matter how14. To my ______, this guy is a good-for-nothing.a. heartb. mindc. thoughtd. thinking15. The boys would rather the basketball match _____ next match.a. took placeb. has taken placec. take placed. should take place16. It is____ to run into danger for nothing.a. childlikeb. childhoodc. childishd. childishly17. They do not allow_____ in this classroom.a. smoking b . to smoke c. smoked d. being smoked18. The winner vacation_____ over, he got down to his work again.a. wasb. had beenc. wered. being19. They can’t help ______of their daughter.a. thinkb. thinkingc. to thinkd. thought20. It is necessary that he_______ for Beijing right now.c. will leave.d. leftII. 选词填空:(2*15)absolutely entire service reveal luxury share introduceget rid of prefer catch up client ban profound go in forconcerning1. They make _____ use of their computers.2. He is ______ wrong.3. She doesn’t have very high standards of_____.4. Young people should never simply _____ material comforts.5. He ______his close friend to me.6. He was jailed for _____ secrets to the Japanese.7. I am very _____about her examination.8. We had a______ lesson in children education yesterday.9. You will have to work harder to _____ with the top students in your class.10. You are supposed to _____ carelessness.11. For him, it would be a _____ to be able to have a day off work.12. I should ______ you not to stay there too long.13. Swimming is_____in this lake.14. We always aim to give our____ personal attention.15. Bill and John ______the work equally between them.III. 翻译: (3*10)汉译英：1.依我看，你完全错了。
土木工程专业英语课后题答案汇编
英译汉Lesson One Sandcrete is a yellow-white building material made from Portland cement and sand in a ratio of circa 1:8.It is the main building material for walls of single-storey buildings (such as houses and schools)in countries such as Ghana and Nigeria. Measured strengths fo commercially available Sandcrete blocks in Nigeria were found to be between 0.5 and 1 N/mm2,which is well below the 3.5 N/mm2that is legally required there. This may be due to the need of the manufacturers to keep the price low,and since the main cost-factor is the Portland cement, they reduce that, which results in a block that starts behaving more like loose sand.翻译：sandcrete是黄白色建筑材料制成的波特兰水泥和沙子的比例大约1:8.it是主要的建筑墙体材料的单层建筑（如房屋和学校）在加纳和尼日利亚等国家。
测量优势的商用sandcrete块在尼日利亚被发现之间的0.5和1牛顿/毫米，这是远远低于3.5牛顿/毫米，是法律所要求的有。
这可能是由于需要的厂家保持价格低，因为主要cost-factor是波特兰水泥，他们减少，从而在一块，开始表现得更像松砂。
土木工程专业英语Lesson 2 Building and Architecture
in……sense 在……意义上说 in all senses 在任何意义上说 in the proper (strict, literal) sense 在本来（严格、字面） 的意义上说
This art includes，in addition to buildings，all the civil engineering structures such as dams，canals，tunnels， aqueducts，and bridges．
An apartment building，an office building，and a school differ in form because of the difference in the functions they fulfill．
一幢公寓，一座办公楼和一所学校在结构形式上各有不 同，因为它们要实现的功能是不一样的。
office building
school
In an apartment building every habitable space，such as living rooms and bedroo while bathrooms and kitchens can have artificial light and therefore can be in the interior of the building． 在公寓里面，每一处居住的空间，比如起居室和卧室必须有 从窗户进来的自然光，而浴室和厨房则可以用人工光线，因 此可以布置在建筑的内部。
Low-cost housing project
A prestige office building will be more generously budgeted form than other office buildings．
土木工程专业英语课后答案
土木工程专业英语课后答案Unite 22、Translate the following phrases into Chinese /English .（1）cross section 截面（2）bending moment 弯矩（3）live load 活载（4）force due to gravity 重力（5）building code 建筑规范（6）functional design 功能设计（7）nonstructural components 非结构构件（8）Nonprofit organization非赢利组织（9）the Uniform Building Code统一建筑规范（10）the Standard Building Code标准建筑规范3、Translate the following sentence into Chinese.（1）The structural design of buildings ,whether of structural steel(结构钢) or reinforced concrete(钢筋混凝土),requires the determination of the overall proportions(整体比例) and dimensions of the supporting framework(支撑结构) and the selection of the cross sections of individual members.建筑的结构设计，不论是用结构钢还是用钢筋混凝土材料，都要决定其整体比例和支撑结构的大小，以及选择单个构件的截面尺寸。
（2）The architect decides how the building should look; the engineer must make sure that it doesn’t fall down.建筑师决定建筑物的外观，结构工程师必须保证它不会倒塌。
土木工程专业英语 题库
土木工程专业英语题库一、单选题（题数：45，共90.0 分）1The material costs make up only about（）of the cost of the completed steel structure in a building（2.0分）0.0 分A、one-thirdsB、one-thirdC、one-thirdlyD、one-three正确答案：C C2Steel and composite construction is often adopted in（）owing to high structural efficiency with large strength-to-self-weight ratios as well as large flexural rigidities against instability and serviceability problems.（2.0分）2.0 分A、super high-rise buildingsB、long span bridgesC、roof structuresD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D3Both elastic theory and plastic theory are used for composite members, the differences being as follows: concrete in tension is （）neglected in elastic theory, and（）neglected in plastic theory.（2.0分）2.0 分A、usually, usuallyB、always, alwaysC、usually, alwaysD、always, usually正确答案：C C4Failure modes include（）and less rigidity of bending（2.0分）2.0 分A、Strength failureB、Lateral-torsional-bucklingC、Local buckling of platesD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D5（）, where the column’s failure is due to the crushing of concrete or due to the yielding of the steel bars under the full load capacity of the column.（2.0分）2.0 分A、Short columnsB、Long columnsC、Slender columnsD、None正确答案：A A6（）loaded columns, where the loads are applied at any point on the column section, causing moments about both the x axis and y axis simultaneously（2.0分）2.0 分A、AxiallyB、EccentricallyC、BiaxiallyD、None正确答案：C C7Strictly speaking, all（）nonlinearities of the different materials should be observed in calculating the strength of steel-concrete composite column.（2.0分）2.0 分A、geometrical and physicalB、mechanical and geometricalC、mechanical and physicalD、none正确答案：A A8The main structural forms of steel structure are（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、Truss structuresB、Frame structuresC、Grids structuresD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D9A tendon with a duct that contains multiple pieces of prestressing steel strand is commonly called a（）tendon.（2.0分）2.0 分A、multistrandB、monostrandC、singleD、strand正确答案：A A10The（）system makes use of either column capitals, drop panels or both to increase the shear and moment resistance of the system at the columns where the shears and moments are greatest.（2.0分）2.0 分A、flat plateB、waffle slabC、flat slabD、two-way slab with. beams正确答案：C C11The height of Khalifa tower is 828m, and the total number of floors is（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、100B、130C、162D、188正确答案：C C12It includes（）,keyways, threads, or abrupt changes in plate width or thickness.（2.0分）2.0 分A、holesB、groovesC、notchesD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D13Prestressing by（）involves installing and stressing prestressing strand of bar tendons only after the concrete has been placed, hardened and attained a minimum compressive strength for that transfer.（2.0分）2.0 分A、pretensioningB、post-tensioningC、pretensionedD、post-tensioned正确答案：B B14When grease is used, the prestressing steel is permanently free to move relative to the sheathing and the tendon is referred to as an]（）tendon.（2.0分）2.0 分A、bondedB、unbondedC、barD、strand正确答案：B B15In（）members the prestressing strands are tensioned against restraining bulkheads before the concrete is cast.（2.0分）2.0 分A、pretensioningB、post-tensioningC、pretensionedD、post-tensioned正确答案：C C16Yan Fu, a translator at the end of the Qing Dynasty, thinks that the standard of translation is（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、faithfulnessB、expressivenessC、eleganceD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D17This section mainly introduces the professional English vocabulary and expression related to（）of steel structure technology（2.0分）2.0 分A、the development levelB、market prospectC、design principleD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D18For walls, a（）is a slab wider than the wall and extending the length of the wall（2.0分）2.0 分A、combined footingB、spread foundationC、grid foundationD、mat foundation正确答案：B B19（）, because there is only one point at the intersection of the center line of the long and narrow section, which is their shear center（2.0分）2.0 分A、Cross sectionB、Angle sectionC、T-sectionD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D20Reinforced concrete beams not included（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、Singly reinforced rectangular beamsB、Doubly reinforced rectangular beamsC、Plain concreteD、Singly or doubly reinforced T -beams正确答案：C C21Standard parts can be measured（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、yield strengthB、ultimate strengthC、elastic modulusD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D22The maximum strain in the tension reinforcement in the section at failure is（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、0.01B、0.1C、0.001D、正确答案：A A23The classification and grade of steel are（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、carbon structural steelB、low alloy structural steelC、quality carbon structural steelD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D24The assumed complete interaction enables definition of（）for the whole inhomogeneous cross-section.（2.0分）2.0 分A、section propertiesB、stiffnessC、slender ratiosD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D25（）are most economical for spans from 4.5 to 6m（2.0分）2.0 分A、Flat platesB、Waffle slabC、Flat slabTwo-way slab with beams正确答案：A A26The "Structural Welding" provides welding processes for（）and SAW.（2.0分）2.0 分A、SMAWB、GMAWC、FCAWD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D27Concrete is assumed to fail when the compressive strain reaches（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、0.3B、0.03C、0.0033D、0.003正确答案：C C28In the（）, the steel mesh reinforcements of 3-4mm in diameter are embedded into the horizontal mortar joints every 2-5 courses.（2.0分）2.0 分A、steel mesh reinforced brick masonryB、reinforced hollow unit masonryC、reinforced grouted cavity masonryD、composite brick masonry正确答案：A A29In steel mesh reinforced brick masonry，the steel mesh reinforcements of 3-4mm in diameter are embedded into the horizontal mortar joints every 2-5（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、layersB、coursesC、piecesD、blocks正确答案：B B30Bending in a main plane is called（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、biaxial flexural memberB、unidirectional bending memberC、platform beamD、castellated beam正确答案：B B31Civil Engineering English is set as a required course to cultivate high-quality civil engineering talents, which is beneficial to（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、improve the students' attention to professional English learningB、promote the construction progress and height of professional English online coursesC、training senior civil engineering talents with international vision and professional English literacy D、All of the above are right正确答案：D D32It is believed that automobile is blamed for such problems as（）and slum conditions in the central areas, and air and noise pollition.（2.0分）2.0 分A、urban expansionB、wasteful land useC、congestionD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D33（）has excellent deep drawing and deep drawing properties（2.0分）2.0 分A、Fire resistant steelB、ultra-low yield point steelC、high friction factor steel plateD、structural casting steel正确答案：B B34According to the load, it can be divided into（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、Axially loaded columnsB、Eccentrically loaded columnsC、Biaxially loaded columnsD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D35The compressive capacity of unreinforced masonry is far greater than its（）capacity（2.0分）2.0 分A、tensileB、bendingC、shearD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D36If the bearing soil capacity is different under different foundations—for example, if the foundations of a building are partly on soil and partly on rock—a（）settlement will occur（2.0分）2.0 分A、differentB、differentialC、identicalD、same正确答案：B B37The grade of asphalt is divided according to () technical index（2.0分）2.0 分A、PenetrationB、ductilityC、softening pointD、flash point正确答案：A A38The reinforced concrete confining elements are horizontal members called （）and vertical members called（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、ring beams, structural columnsB、structural columns, ring beamsC、ring beams, ring beamsD、structural columns, structural columns正确答案：A A39The advantages of steel structure residence are（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、Good seismic performanceB、Low comprehensive costC、Fit with the development direction of housing industrializationD、All of the above are right40Three different types of composite columns:（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、steel reinforced concrete columnsB、rolled section columns partly encased in concreteC、concrete filled steel tubesD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D41（）was founded in 1969（2.0分）2.0 分A、SSCIB、ISSHPC、ISSD、HCV正确答案：A A42Which of the followings is mechanical imperfection of steel members?（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、initial out-of-straightnessB、initial eccentricityC、residual stressD、initial crookedness43The whole instability of solid web compression member refers to（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、Flexural bucklingB、Torsion bucklingC、Flexural-torsional bucklingD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D44The section form of compression member is（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、doubly symmetricB、singly symmetricC、unsymmetricD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D45The characteristics of vocabulary are（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、Professional vocabulary and semi professional vocabularyB、Get used to using compound wordsC、Get used to using abbreviationsD、All of the above are right二、多选题（题数：5，共10.0 分）1As English majors pay attention to the （）of technical problems, the translation standards of professional English are more focused on "faithfulness" and "expressiveness"（2.0分）2.0 分A、scientificityB、logicalityC、correctnessD、strictness正确答案：ABCD ABCD2Factors affecting the properties of steel include（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、chemical compositionB、process of steelmakingC、time-hardeningD、cold work正确答案：ABCD ABCD3Applications of steel structures include（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、Large-span structuresB、Multi-story &high-rise buildingsC、Buildings of heavy duty plantsD、Portal frames正确答案：ABCD ABCD4Masonry structure can be divided into（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、Brickwork structureB、stone masonry structureC、Block masonry structureD、Reinforced masonry structure正确答案：ABCD ABCD5Major Courses You will learn（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、Engineering GeologyB、Engineering MeasuremenC、Soil MechanicsD、Foundation Engineering正确答案：ABCD ABCD。
《土木工程专业英语》复习题
《土木工程专业英语》一、单项选择（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）1. Before designing a project, civil engineers should survey both the ( ) and subsoil features of the proposed site.A. photographyB. geographerC. topographyD. graphy2. Dams, ( ), water supply systems, and other large projects ordinarily employ several engineers to work together.A. beamB. columnC. brickD. bridge3. In modern road constructions, powerful modern machines are employed to move mountains and fill valleys to make the ( ) as direct as possible.A. routesB. rootsC. surfacesD. lane4. Between the buildings （）a primary school.A. standB. standsC. to standD. standing5. Tensile failure of ( ) concrete happens easily and involves progressive micro-cracking.A. forcedB. reinforcedC. steelD. unreinforced6. ( ) concrete is used only for footings and concrete slabs laid on the ground, and for other massive structures.A. forcedB. reinforcedC. steelD. Plain7.The laws that （）how the buildings maybe made are building codes.A. tellB. tellsC. toldD. telling8. The steel bars in concrete take the ( )component of the bending moment.A. shearB. compressiveC. tensileD. draw9.It is expensive （）future cities on the sea.A. buildB. builtC. to buildD. builds10. Cracks would not only be unsightly but would ( ) the steel bars to corrosion by moisture and other chemical action.A. adoptB. exposeC. employD.make11. The（）cements are widely used on the construction site.A. above-mentionedB. above-mentioningC. above-mentionD. above-mentions12. Besides its ability to sustain loads, concrete is also required to be ( ).A. capableB. considerableC. durableD. beautiful13. It is our duty to （）the specification .A. comply withB. completeC. knowD. make14. Concrete is ( ) a porous material.A. natureB. inherentlyC. madeD. not15. Conclusions can be ( ) from the above discussion.A. drawnB. tensileC. towed C. looked二、单词填空（共10空；每空2分，满分20分）1. The Romans bound their empire together with an extensive system of roads radiating in many directions from Rome.2. Portland cement must pass a series of chemical and physical tests before it can be shipped.3. Concrete consists of water , cement , aggregate and sand .（admixture）4. A simple contract consists of an agreement entered into by two or more parties.5. The presence of cracks in concrete reduces its resistance to the action of corrosion of reinforced bars.6. Concrete is a widely used material in numerous civil engineering structures三、英译中（短句翻译，共10句，每句2分，满分20分）1. Later in history, when well-traveled routes were made sturdier with rocks and stones, the path was raised above the surrounding land, it became a “high way”.史上记载，当交通量大的道路用更坚实的岩石和石头来建造，且路面被建在路基上，它就变成了一条“高速公路”。
土木工程专业英语课后完整答案
Unite12、Translate the follow ing phrase s into Chines e /Englis h .（1）Compre ssion Member s 受压构件（2）critic al buckli ng load 临界屈曲荷载（3）the slende rness ratio细长比（4）stub column短柱（5）reduce d modulu s 简化模量（6）Effect ive length计算长度（7）Residu al stress残余应力（8）Trial-and-errorapproa ch 试算法（9）Radius of gyrati on 回转半径（10）Tangen t modulu s 切线模量3、Translate the follow ing senten ce into Chines e.(1)This idealstateis neverachiev ed in realit y, howeve r, and some eccent ricit y of the load is inevit able.然而，在现实中,这种理想状态从来没有实现，一些荷载偏心是不可避免的(2)In many instan ces the member s are also called upon to resist bendin g, and in thesecasesthe member is a beam-column.在许多情况下，构件同样需要能够抵抗弯矩，在这些情况下，构件被称之为梁柱。
(3)If the member is so slende r that the stress just before buckli ng is belowthe propor tiona l limit---that is, the member is stillelasti c---the critic al buckli ng load is givenby Q.如果该构件很细长以至于在压曲前的应力低于比例极限---也就是说，该构件仍然是弹性状态---该构件的该临界屈曲荷载就可以由公式Q给出。
土木工程专业英语试题 (2)
一、选择填空20%1. Between the buildings （ B ）a secondary school.A. standB. standsC. to standD. standing2. Neither I nor he （ B ） fond of music.A. amB. isC. areD. were3.The laws that （ A ）how the buildings maybe made are building codes.A. tellB. ellsC. toldD. telling4.It is expensive （ C ）future cities on the sea.A build B. built C. to build D. builds5.The（ A ）cements are widely used on the construction site.A.above-mentionedB.above-mentioningC.above-mentionD.above-mentions6.The production of steel has been increased （ B）70%.A.inB.byC.atD.on7.Let’s discuss only such questions （ C ）concern everyone of us.A.whichB.thatC.asD.those8.He has to know（ D ）strong the materials are.A. thatB.whatC.whichD. how9.The Great Wall of China is the biggest structure（ A ）man has ever built.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when10. （ B ）you go, you can see many buildings.A.WhoeverB.WhereverC.WheneverD.Whatever11.We are looking forward to （ C） from you soon.A.hearB.heardC.hearingD. hears12.Five yuan （ A ）too cheap for the dictionary.A.isB.areC.wereD.has been13.We should aim at combining beauty and comfort （ C ）a welcoming friendliness.A.toB.inC.withD.for14.We can see an engineer （ A ）a device in the picture.A.adjustingB.adjustsC.adjustedD.adjust15.You are studying at college,（ B ）.A.so do weB.so are weC.we are soD.we do so16. （ C ）of the English films are familiar to me. I’ve never seen them before.A.BothB.NothingC.NoneD.Any17.If the garden is big, some floodlights can be （ A ）A.installedB.producedC.requiredD.fixture18.Dose your shop （B）rebar ?A.developB.supplyC.settleD.make19.It’s our duty to （ A ）the specification .ply withpleteC.knowD.make20.The bigger quantity you order, ( A ).A. the lower price you will be offeredB. the low price you will be offeredC. you will be offered lower priceD. you will be offer low二、词组互译20%1．小区规范 ( zoning codes) 2.钢筋混凝土 (reinforced concrete)3.供热设备 (the heating system)4.人工费 (labor cost)5.工艺 (workmanship)6.铸铁管 (cast iron pipe)7.承包商 (contractor)8.土木工程 (the civil engineering)9.工程量清单 (the bill of quantities) 10.建筑师 (architect) 11.tripod (三脚架) 12.lighting system (照明系统)13.site safety program (工地安全方案) 14.quality assurance (质量保证)15.bank guarantees (银行担保) 16.material cost (材料费) 17.technical staff (技术人员) 18.the layout of the rooms (房屋布局)19.town planning rules (城市规划) 20.office automation system (办公自动系统)三、选词填空10%( minimum \ insurance \ as well \ vary \ serve \ support \ apply \ foundation \ spread \ protect…from )1. Foreign language can ( serveas )a tool.2. We have to ( support ) the roof with pillars.3. Roofs( vary ) in shape from place to place.4. They are trying to achieve the maximum of efficiency with the ( minimum ) of labor.5. He has found a suitable piece of land and an experienced builder ( as well ).6. As he bought the fire( insurance ), he didn’t suffer severe ly from the great fire.7. As indicated the ( foundation )are bases of the building, which play an important part in construction.8. We should ( apply ) theory to practice.9. The disease( is spreadby )flies.We should ( protect )our plants ( from ) the cold.四．翻译句子（30％）1. Materials used for doors and window frames are timber, iron and aluminum alloys. ( 用于门、窗框的材料可以是木材、铁、铝合金。
土木工程专业(建筑工程方向)专业英语期末考试试题
土木工程专业（建筑工程方向）专业英语期末考试试题土木工程专业（建筑工程方向）专业英语期末考试试题考试说明：试卷共80分，考试时间60分钟，采用半开卷方式考核。
第一部分：翻译（20分）1、Cement is mixed at or near the construction site with sand, aggregate (smallstones, crushed rock, or gravel), and water to make concrete. Concrete has a high and its strength depends on the proportion in which cement, and stones and water are mixed. It hardens with age and process of hardening continues for a long time after the concrete has attained sufficient strength.2、用英文给出理论力学的定义。
第二部分：单词（40分）1、高性能商品混凝土2、应力3、脆性4、框架结构5、悬臂梁6、剪力分配法7、材料力学8、工程力学9、永久荷载10、承重墙11、钢筋商品混凝土12、先张法13、挠度14、抗压强度15、砌体16、螺栓连接17、粗骨料18、刚度19、收缩20、桩基础21、内横墙22、踢脚23、屈服强度24、力偶25、伸长率26、素商品混凝土27、高层建筑28、施工机械29、有限元法30、稳定性31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、楼梯大厅上部结构沉降计算简图各向同性结论应力-应变曲线剪力墙建筑施工第三部分：选择题（12分）1、Who was the first man that called himself a civil engineer?A. John SmeatonB. Thomas ThefordC. sir Benjiamin BakerD.Jamse Brindley2、Which type of subdiscipline of civil engineer deals with soil, rock andunderground water, and their relation with design, construction and operation of engineering projects?A. structural engineerB. environmental engineeringC. geotechnical engineeringD. survey engineering3、Building can be classified according to their number of storeys, and thenaccording to this classification, a 12-storey residential building is a building.A．low-rise building B. mid-high-rise buildingC. mid-rise buildingD. high-rise building4、Nowadays surface.A. RoofB. RoadC. RailwayD. Concrete第四部分：学习专业英语的意见与建议（8分）从教学方法，教材及学习效果和收获方面入手。
土木工程英语试题
Concrete is a composite construction material composed primarily of aggregate, cement, and water. There are many formulations, which provide varied properties. The aggregate is generally a coarse gravel or crushed rocks such as limestone, or granite, along with a fine aggregate such as sand. The cement, commonly Portland cement, and other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, serve as a binder for the aggregate. Various chemical admixtures are also added to achieve varied properties. Water is then mixed with this dry composite, which enables it to be shaped (typically poured) and then solidified and hardened into rock-hard strength through a chemical process called hydration. The water reacts with the cement, which bonds the other components together, eventually creating a robust stone-like material. Concrete has relatively high compressive strength, but much lower tensile strength. For this reason it is usually reinforced with materials that are strong in tension (often steel). Concrete can be damaged by many processes, such as the freezing of trapped water.混凝土是一种复合建筑材料主要由骨料，水泥，水。
土木工程专业英语lesson 2 Introduction to Structural Design
参考译文
有了这些信息，结构设计者则可以选择适当 的横截面。不过，在任何分析之前必须决定要使 用的建筑材料 ： 通常是钢筋混凝土、 钢结构或 兼有。理想情况下， 每个方案都应准备不同的设 计。
ds
The forces that act on a structure are called loads．They belong to one of two broad categories：dead load and live load． Dead loads are those that are permanent， including the weight of the structure itself， which is sometimes called the self-weight． Other dead loads in a building include the weight of nonstructural components such as floor coverings， suspended ceilings with light fixtures， and partitions．
LESSON 2
Introduction to Structural Design
Structural Design
Ideally， the engineer and architect will collaborate throughout the design process so that the project is completed in an efficient manner． In effect， however， the design can be summed up as follows: The architect decides how the building should look： the engineer must make sure that it doesn’t fall down． Although this is an oversimplification， it affirms the first priority of the structural engineer： safety．
土木工程 专业英语
1. Civil engineering is that branch of engineering which aims to provide a comfortable and safe living for the people. 土木工程是工程学的一个分支，它的目的是为人们提供一个舒适，安全的生活。
2. Tall building development involves various complex factors such as economics , aesthetics , technology , municipal regulations, and politics. 高层建筑的发展涉及到各种复杂因素，如经济学，美学，科技，市政规章和政治。
3. Various damping strategies are employed to reduce the effect of wind loads applied to tall buildings. 各阻尼策略来降低施加到高大建筑物风荷载的影响。
4. A bridge usually controls the capacity of a transportation system ,and is the highest cost per mile of the system. 网桥通常控制一个运输系统，是每英里成本最高的系统。
5. The arch form is intended to reduce bending moments ( and hence tensile stresses) in the superstructure and should be economical in material compared with an equivalent straight, simply supported girder or truss. 拱形式是为了减少弯曲力矩（和拉伸应力）在上层建筑及用等效直，简支梁或桁架相比应该是经济的材料。
土木工程专业英语全部
Lesson 1Compression MembersNew Words1. achieve achievement2. eccentricity center, 中心; ec centric 偏心的；ec centricity 偏心，偏心距3. inevitable evitable 可避免的avoidable; in evitable 不可避免的unavoidable4. truss 桁架triangular truss, roof truss, truss bridge5. bracing brace 支柱，支撑；bracing, 支撑，撑杆6. slender 细长，苗条；stout; slenderness7. buckle 压曲，屈曲；buckling load8. stocky stout9. convincingly convince, convincing, convincingly10. stub 树桩，短而粗的东西；stub column 短柱11. curvature 曲率；curve, curvature12. detractor detract draw or take away; divert; belittle，贬低，诽谤；13. convince14. argument dispute, debate, quarrel, reason, 论据（理由）15. crookedness crook 钩状物，v弯曲，crooked 弯曲的16. provision 规定，条款Phrases and Expressions1. compression member2. bending moment shear force, axial force3. call upon (on) 要求，请求，需要4. critical buckling load 临界屈曲荷载critical 关键的，临界的5. cross-sectional area6. radius of gyration 回转半径gyration7. slenderness ratio 长细比8. tangent modulus 切线模量9. stub column 短柱10. trial-and-error approach 试算法11. empirical formula 经验公式empirical 经验的12. residual stress 残余应力residual13. hot-rolled shape 热轧型钢hot-rolled bar14. lower bound 下限upper bound 上限16. effective length 计算长度Definition （定义）Compression members are those structural elements that are subjected only to axial compressive forces: that is, the loads are applied along a longitudinal axis through the centroid of the member cross section, and the stress can be taken as f a=P/A, where f a is considered to be uniform over the entire cross section. 受压构件是仅受轴向压力作用的构件，即：荷载是沿纵轴加在其截面形心上的，其应力可表示为…，式中，假定f a在整个截面上均匀分布。
土木工程专业英语试题
《土木工程专业英语》课程试题学生姓名：刘文奇学号： 2015610263原文：Modern Buildings and Structural MaterialsMany great buildings built in earlier ages are still in existence and in use. Among them are the Pantheon and the Colosseum in Rome, Hagia Sophia in Istanbul; the Gothic churches of France and England, and the Renaissance cathedrals, with their great domes, like the Duomo in Florence and St. Peter’s in Rome.They are massive structures with thick stone walls that counteract the thrust of their great weight. Thrust is the pressure exerted by each part of a structure on its other parts.These great buildings were not the product of knowledge of mathematics and physics. They were constructed instead on the basis of experience and observation, often as the result of trial and error. One of the reasons they have survived is because of the great strength that was built into them-strength greater than necessary in most cases. But the engineers of earlier times also had their failure. In Rome, for example, most of the people lived in insulae, great tenement blocks that were often ten stories high. Many of them were poorly constructed and sometimes collapsed with considerable loss of life.Today, however, the engineer has the advantage not only of empirical information, but also of scientific data that permit him to make careful calculations in advance. When a modern engineer plans a structure, he takes into account the total weight of all its component materials. This is known as the dead load, which is the weight of the structure itself. He must also consider the live load, the weight of all the people, cars, furniture, machines, and so on that the structure will support when it is in use. In structures such as bridges that will handle fast automobile traffic, he must consider the impact, the force at which the live load will be exerted on the structure. He must also determine the safety factor, that is, an additional capability to make the structure stronger than the combination of the three other factors.The modern engineer must also understand the different stresses to which the materials in a structure are subject. These include the opposite forces of compression and tension. In compression the material is pressed or pushed together; in tension the material is pulled apart or stretched, like a rubber band. In addition to tension and compression, another force is at work, namely shear, which we defined as the tendency of a material to fracturealong the lines of stress. The shear might occur in a vertical plane, but it also might run along the horizontal axis of the beam, the neutral plane, where there is neither tension nor compression.Altogether, three forces can act on a structure: vertical-those that act up or down; horizontal-those that act sideways; and those that act upon it with a rotating or turning motion. Forces that act at an angle are a combination of horizontal and vertical forces. Since the structures d esigned by civil engineers are intended to be stationary or stable, these forces must be kept in balance. The vertical forces, for example, must be equal to each other. If a beam supports a load above, the beam itself must have sufficient strength to counterbalance that weight. The horizontal forces must also equal each other so that there is not too much thrust either to the right or to the left. And forces that might pull the structure around must he countered with forces that pull in the opposite direction.One of the most spectacular engineering failures of modern times, the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940, was the result of not considering the last of these factors carefully enough. When strong gusts of wind, up to sixty-five kilometers an hour, struck the bridge during a storm, they set up waves along the roadway of the bridge and also a lateral motion that caused the roadway to fall. Fortunately, engineers learn from mistakes, so it is now common practice to test scale models of bridges in wind tunnels for aerodynamic resistance.The principal construction materials of earlier times were wood and masonry brick, stone, or tile, and similar materials. The courses or layers were bound together with mortar or bitumen, a tar-like substance or some other binding agent. The Greeks and Romans sometimes used iron rods or clamps to strengthen their buildings. The columns of the Parthenon in Athens, for example, have holes drilled in them for iron bars that have now rusted away. The Romans also used a natural cement called pozzolana, made from volcanic ash, that became as hard as stone under water.Both steel and cement, the two most important construction materials of modern times, were introduced in the nineteenth century. Steel, basically an alloy of iron and a small amount of carbon, had been made up to that time by a laborious process that restricted it to such special uses as sword blades. After the invention of the Bessemer process in 1856, steel was available in large quantities at low prices. The enormous advantage of steel is its tensile strength; that is, it does not lose its strength when it is under a calculated degree of tension, a force which, as we have seen, tends to pull apart many materials. New alloys have further increased the strength of steel and eliminated some ofits problems, such as fatigue, which is a tendency for it to weaken as a result of continual changes in stress.Modern cement, called Portland cement, was invented in 1824. It is a mixture of limestone and clay, which is heated and then ground into a powder. It is mixed at or near the construction site with sand, aggregate (small stones, crushed rock, or gravel), and water to make concrete. Different proportions of the ingredients produce concrete with different strength and weight. Concrete is very versatile; it can be poured, pumped, or even sprayed into all kinds of shapes. And whereas steel has great tensile strength, concrete has great strength under compression. Thus, the two substances complement each other.They also complement each other in another way: they have almost the same rate of contraction and expansion. They therefore can work together in situations where both compression and tension are factors. Steel rods are embedded in concrete to make reinforced concrete in concrete beams or structures where tension will develop. Concrete and steel also form such a strong bond-the force that unites them-that the steel cannot slip within the concrete. Still anotheradvantage is that steel does not rust in concrete. Acid corrodes steel, whereas concrete has an alkaline chemical reaction, the opposite of acid.Prestressed concrete is an improved form of reinforcement. Steel rods are bent into the shapes to give them the necessary degree of tensile strength. They are then used to prestress concrete, usually by pretensioning or posttensioning method. Prestressed concrete has made it possible to develop buildings with unusual shapes, like some of the modern sports arenas, with large spaces unbroken by any obstructing supports. The uses for this relatively new structural method are constantly being developed.The current tendency is to develop lighter materials. Aluminum, for example, weighs much less than steel but has many of the same properties. Aluminum beams have already been used for bridge construction and for the framework of a few buildings.Attempts are also being made to produce concrete with more strength and durability, and with a lighter weight. One system that helps cut concrete weight to some extent uses polymers, which are long chainlike compounds used in plastics, as part of the mixture.译文：现代建筑和结构材料许多早期伟大建筑依然沿用至今。
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《土木工程专业英语》考点提炼二
一、词汇汉译英
1.初步设计：preliminary design ：
2.屈服强度：yield strength
3.水灰比：water-to-cement ratio
4.空气调节：air conditioning
5.园艺：horticultural
6.承重墙：bearing wall
7.管道；沟渠：conduit
8.骨架：framework
9.有限的；临界的：terminate
10.分层：stratification
二、词汇英译汉
1.Residential:住宅
2.high-rise building:高层建筑
3.boundary:界限
4.refuse disposal:垃圾处理
5.sedimentation:沉降
6.reinforced concrete:钢筋混凝土
7.construction management:工程管理
8.refuse disposal：垃圾处理
9.water treatment and disposal：水处理
10.Air-pollution control：空气污染控制
三、句子英译汉
1、The superstructure is that part of a building above ground, and the substructure and foundation,is that part of a building below ground.
上部结构是建筑物在地面上的部分 , 而下部结构以及基础是建筑物的地下部分。
2、Good planning guides the visitor to his destination in the structure and impresses him，perhaps subconsciously，by visibly relating the several units of the edifice．
好的方案可以使来访者在建筑中找到其目的地并留下印象，这种印象也许是下
意识地通过把大的建筑体系中一些单元明显地联系起来而造成的。
3、Foundations still are a hidden but costly part of many buildings.
基础仍然是许多建筑物隐蔽的而且花费昂贵的部分。
4、In a steel structure，the economy can be defined in terms of the total average quantity of steel per square foot of floor area of the building.
在钢结构中，可以根据建筑物的每平方英尺楼板面积所需要钢材的总平均数量
来限定经济。
5、Uneven settlements can have damaging effects---the building may lean, walls and partitions may crack, windows and doors may become inoperative, and, in the extreme, a building may collapse.
不均匀沉降会造成破坏性作用——建筑物发生倾斜，墙体和隔墙会发生裂缝，
窗户和门无法打开，最严重的是，建筑物坍塌。
6、Stone has been so dominant in the architecture of the Western world that forms appropriate to it have been preserved even in
buildings constructed of wood．
石料在西方世界的建筑中占很大的优势以至于适合它的形式即使在木材修建的
大楼里都得到了保存。
四、句子汉译英
1、运输工程师在设计每一个工程的过程中，既要运用技术知识，也要考虑经济、政治和社会的因素。
Transportation engineers apply technological knowledge as well as consideration of the economic, political, and social factors in designing each project.
2、在地表附近的土壤不能支撑建筑物的重量的情况下，打下木桩、钢桩、混凝土桩使土壤密实性提高。
In cases where the soil near the surface is unable to support the weight of the building, piles of wood, steel, or concrete are driven down to firm soil.
3、基础的设计取决于许多土壤的因素，比如土壤的类型，土壤的分层组成，土层的厚度以及它们的密实性和地下水的情况。
The design of a foundation depends on many soil factors, such as type of soil, soil stratification, thickness of soil layers and their compaction, and groundwater conditions.
4、更大的高度需要增加柱和梁的尺寸来使建筑物的刚性更大，以便于它们在风荷载作用下不会倾斜到允许的范围之外。
Greater height entails increased column and beam sizes to make
buildings more rigid so that under wind load they will not sway beyond an acceptable limit．。